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The urgency of sustainable urban development has propelled wind energy and hydropower to the forefront of smart city initiatives. This article explores the strategic integration of wind energy and hydropower in urban settings, emphasizing their potential to mutually reinforce each other. Wind energy, derived from atmospheric kinetic power, and hydropower, generated by the gravitational force of flowing water, offer distinct advantages. When thoughtfully combined, they enhance energy stability, grid reliability, and peak energy demand fulfillment. The primary advantage of this integration lies in the natural synchronicity of wind and hydropower, addressing the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. This collaboration reduces greenhouse gas emissions, environmental impact, and enhances energy security, economic growth, and urban resilience. Through case studies and innovations, this review underlines the promising future of wind-hydropower integration in smart cities, underscoring the need for continued innovation, policy support, education, awareness, and partnerships. In summary, strategic wind and hydropower integration has the potential to be a cornerstone of smart city development and the global shift to cleaner, more resilient energy sources.

The article analyzes the carry-over effect of probiotics with different strains of lactobacilli, streptococci and yeast on the productive capabilities of laying birds when fed with microbial combinations at up to 8 weeks of age. 147 one-week-old chicks were divided into 7 groups where the control group was fed with culture medium while the rest had probiotics from different indigenous sources. It concluded that probiotic feeding resulted in better egg laying performance and that there was no need to mix microbe strains from different sources.

The article discusses a study on the carry-over effect of probiotics on the biological and productive performance of laying birds when the microbial combinations are fed only up to 8 weeks old. One-week old layer chicks were distributed randomly into seven groups with each having 3 replicates of 7 chicks with almost similar average group weights. It suggests that there is no need to supplement the diets with the probiotics up to 18 weeks of age and the feed consumed per kilogram egg mass production was lower.

A total of six clinical cases of gangrenous mastitis in goats were studied. Acute and per-acute mastitic quarters were associated with either E.coli alone or mixed infection of Staph. aureus and E. coli. The organisms were sensitive to amoxicillin, cloxacilin, gentamicin and cholor-tetracycline but resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. The acute mastitic quarters were treated by intramammary infusion of inj. Gentamicin mixed with inj. dexamethasone and 1.5 ml water for injection per affected quarter twice daily for 4 days; in addition to these, supportive therapy including parentral administration of inj. DNS (5%) and Inj. Melonex plusa for per-acute cases were also provided. Besides, one acute case was also treated with amoxicillin and cloxacilin (parentral and intramammarily). Per-acute gangrenous mastitic quarter which was refractory to the treatment required partial removal of it surgically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel trans-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]coumarins were synthesized and assessed for their inhibition potential against cysteine proteases: cathepsin B, H and L which are the possible targets for anticancer activity. In general, the coumarin derivatives were found to be exceptional inhibitors against this class of enzymes. On the basis of molecular modeling data and structure-activity relationships, their inhibition patterns are also discussed. The selectivity of designed compounds as inhibitors against cathepsins B, H and L was demonstrated by enzyme inhibition data. Enzyme kinetics investigations were also on par with in vitro studies when tested on HepG2 carcinoma cell line utilizing 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Possible protein-drug interactions responsible for potential inhibition are demonstrated using docking studies.

The ionic current blockage from a nanopore sensor is a fundamental metric for characterizing its dimensions and identifying molecules translocating through it. Yet, most analytical models predicting the conductance of a nanopore in both open and obstructed states remain inaccurate. Here, using an oblate spheroidal coordinate framework to study the electrical response of nanopore access regions, we reveal that the widely used model from Kowalczyk et al. significantly overestimates access region contributions when blocked by a cylindrical object, like DNA. To address this, we present an improved analytical model for the obstructed access resistance, which we establish as highly accurate through finite-element simulations, especially for ultrathin membranes and long narrow channels. Equipped with an improved nanopore conductance model, this work provides tools for more accurate calculation of the pore size and for the expected blockade from DNA, of high practical value for many biosensing applications.

Aim: Elevated levels of amylase in the blood, known as hyperamylasemia, have been correlated with diabetes and cancer. To investigate the impact of hyperamylasemia on cellular proliferation, it is imperative to design dual inhibitors targeting both α-amylase activity and cancer progression. Materials & methods: Naphthoquinone fused diazepines have been synthesized using multicomponent reaction with high Eco-score of 87 and evaluated for bio efficacy using antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition assay. A correlation between diabetes and cancer has been established via preliminary screening against A549 based lung cancer cell line at 5 μM. Results & conclusion: Compound 4b exhibited superior anti-oxidant and α-amylase inhibitory potential over butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and acarbose, respectively with uncompetitive mode of inhibition. Compounds possessing more than 50 % inhibition were then investigated for their IC 50 against A549 (Lung cancer), and Breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cells. Among all, compound 4p has been selected for further studies, as it demonstrated significant cytotoxicity, while compound 4b showed no effect on AKT gene expression but upregulated IGF-1R gene expression, suggesting a role in managing diabetes. Compound 4p exhibited the ability to decrease AKT expression and increase IGF-1R expression, indicating its potential for treating both diabetes and cancer.

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory virus syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. As patients recovered from COVID-19 infection, hair loss was increasingly observed as a distressing symptom., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with post COVID-19 hair loss between July to December 2021 at a tertiary care center. Detailed history, clinical examination, trichoscopy and biochemical tests were performed and recorded. COVID-19 disease severity was assessed based on duration of COVID-19 infection and place of management., Results: The study included 120 patients with a mean age of 39.6 years. The majority of the patients were females treated at home and had COVID-19 infection for >2 weeks. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score for stress was 5.25. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 56.7% and low ferritin in 30% of cases. The mean time of onset of hair loss post COVID-19 was 49 days. Patients mainly presented with diffuse hair loss. Trichodynia was present in 15.8% of cases. The degree of hair loss was severe in 55.8% of the subjects. Positive hair pull test was seen in 65% of patients. Most common trichoscopic features included single hair follicles (81.7%) and vellus hair >10% (60%)., Conclusions: The mean time of onset of hair loss post COVID-19 infection was less than 2 months. Majority patients had diffuse pattern and severe degree of hair loss. Trichoscopy can aid in unmasking co-existing patterned hair loss in patients presenting clinically with diffuse hair loss.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nitric oxide (NO) in both serum and saliva of smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing, as well as to compare the same (NO levels) with the severity of periodontitis., Materials and Methods: Sixty people took part in the study and were divided into three groups. The control group (Group I) involved 20 patients who were nonsmokers with healthy periodontium. The other two groups included 20 patients each, where Group II was nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis and Group III was smokers with chronic periodontitis. In addition, NO generation was quantified indirectly in this study using the Griess reaction to determine the nitrite level in serum and saliva., Results: The mean value of salivary and serum NO was higher in Group III than in Group II, and NO decreased considerably ( P < 0.01) in both Groups II and III after treatment compared to before treatment., Conclusion: Serum and salivary NO levels can be used as a good predictor of the inflammatory condition of the periodontium in smokers., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.)

Study of 35 days was conducted to evaluate citric acid (CA) as an additive in poultry broiler feed with lower mineral content of calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus (TP) in commercial broiler poultry birds for its effect on growth, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics, and economics. Vancobb-400 strain day old broiler chicks were divided into four main treatment groups T 0, T 1 , T 2 , and T 3. Treatment groups were further divided into eight replicates with ten chicks in each. T 0 served as control, given standard corn-soy flakes-based ration (Pre-starter %: Crude protein (CP)-23, Ca-1.00, TP-0.70; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-1.10, TP-0.72, and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.99, TP-0.70). Treatment T 1 served as positive control with added 0.5% CA (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-1.00, TP-0.70; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-1.10, TP-0.72 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.99, TP-0.70). Treatment T 2 was given feed containing 0.5% CA with low Ca and TP content (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-0.90, TP-0.66; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-0.99, TP-0.71 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.90, TP-0.69), whereas treatment T 3 was given feed containing 0.5% CA with moderately low Ca and TP content (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-0.80, TP-0.65; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-0.88, TP-0.70 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.79, TP-0.68). Birds offered moderately low Ca and TP with 0.5% CA addition, exhibited higher growth rate (P < 0.05), better nutrient utilization with positive influence on dressing percentage and forequarters weight. Economics of broiler feeding revealed that 0.5% CA supplementation fetched highest gross return above feed cost in broiler birds offered feed with moderately low Ca and TP content whereas lowest profit was recorded in feed with low content of Ca and TP. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.5% CA in feed with low and moderately low Ca and TP content positively influenced overall growth, and carcass characteristics. Economics of broiler feeding with moderately low Ca and TP content revealed highest profit with CA (0.5%) supplementation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Biologic-based medicines are used to treat a variety of diseases and account for around one-quarter of the worldwide pharmaceutical market. The use of biologic medications among cancer patients has resulted in substantial advancements in cancer treatment and supportive care. Biosimilar medications (or biosimilars) are very similar to the reference biologic drugs, although they are not identical. As patent protection for some of the most extensively used biologics begins to expire, biosimilars have the potential to enhance access and provide lower-cost options for cancer treatment. Initially, regulatory guidelines were set up in Europe in 2003, and the first biosimilar was approved in 2006 in Europe. Many countries, including the United States of America (USA), Canada, and Japan, have adopted Europe's worldwide regulatory framework. The use of numerous biosimilars in the treatment and supportive care of cancer has been approved and, indeed, the count is set to climb in the future around the world. However, there are many challenges associated with biosimilars, such as cost, immunogenicity, lack of awareness, extrapolation of indications, and interchangeability. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into biosimilars, which include various options available for oncology, and the associated adverse events. We compare the regulatory guidelines for biosimilars across the world, and also present the latest trends and challenges in medical oncology both now and in the future, which will assist healthcare professionals, payers, and patients in making informed decisions, increasing the acceptance of biosimilars in clinical practice, increasing accessibility, and speeding up the health and economic benefits associated with biosimilars.