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Urine specimens were collected aseptically and inoculated directly onto CLED and MacConkey agar medium and incubated overnight. Single target colonies were sub cultured, and identification was based on culture, morphology, and biochemical characteristics. Enterococci isolates were subjected to biofilm assay (Tube method), and resistance pattern was determined for both biofilm-formers and non-biofilm-formers. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Bioneer kit, and the gene for virulence was detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. 148 Patients having one or more urinary symptoms were the study population. The aim of the study was to determine the multidrug resistant ability of biofilm-forming Enterococci. A number of growths were encountered; Enterococci accounted for only 9.46% (14), the highest prevalence was seen in the age group 21-30 (35.71%), and females (64.29%) were more prone to enterococcal infection than their males (35.71) counterpart. There is a relationship between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance because multidrug resistant Enterococci isolate produced bands against esp gene with an average of 510kbp. Biofilm forming strains showed the highest resistance to gentamicin and penicillin (83.3%), and vancomycin can be considered a good alternative therapy in enterococcal UTIs because of its lower resistance (75%).

The study assessed the efficacy of Addawa’ul humma for the treatment of typhoid fever. Addawau’l humma is a name given to a herbal preparation consisting of (Mango, Neem, Orange, Lemons, and Guava extract). The preparation was tested and compare with the standard drug Ciprofloxacin as control experiment. Results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Tannins, Glycosides, Anthraquinone, Saponins and Steroid. There is no significance difference between Addawa’ul humma and the standard drug Ciproflxacin (P<0.05). However, the physicochemical analysis result of Addawa’ul humma shows that it has the highest concentration of phosphate and sulphate (0.72 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg respectively). Results of the FT-IR indicated that the preparation consists of unsaturated with Alkanol functional group plus additional carbonyl group as shown by the FT-IR Spectra.

This research work shows the antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia by determining the phytochemical constituents, antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the leaf extract, cool method extraction was used for the preparation of aqueous extract and ethanol extract. The phytochemical constituents of Alchornea cordifolia contains Flavonoid, tannin, Alkaloid and saponin in the both extract while anthraquinone was absent in the both extract. The bacterial isolates used were Staphylococus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Agar well diffusion methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, and S. aureus shows the highest Zone of inhibition in the Aqueous extract which is 12.5mm, while E. coli has the highest zone of inhibition in the ethanol extract which is 11.0mm. The both extract has antibacterial activity against the test organism used. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the two extract shows zone of inhibition, the aqueous extract had larger zones of inhibition ranging from 8.4mm to 10.1mm and the lowest M.I.C values is 100% concentration. This study has justified the traditional use of Alchornea cordifolia leaf extracts in the treatment of disease caused by bacteria.

The cohesive energies of BCC (Li, Cr, Fe, Mo), and FCC (LiCl, NaCl, RbBr, KI) solid crystals lattices have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT). DFT based Fritz Haber Institute-ab Initio molecular simulation (FHI-aims) computer code has several input parameters in which some of the variables were optimized. The cohesive energies of all the elements and compounds under study were calculated within Perdew Wang local density approximation (LDA) of DFT, all the results are in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. The measurement of cohesive energy should give an idea about lattice interatomic spacing which in turn gives the stability of the crystal.

The use of herbal medicines in Nigeria reveals a long evidence of human interactions with the nature. The medicinal important of herbal plants lies in some chemical compounds that produce a specific chemical action on the human body. These bioactive compounds of plants of medical importance include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. research has been focused on herbal and aromatherapy product. However, a number of their product such as honey has shown therapeutic promises The presence of honey in various inhibitions has been reported by several investigators. Honey was used to treat infected wound as long as 2000 years ago before bacterial were discovered to be the cause of infection. This research paper assesses the Antibacterial Activity of Vitellaria paradoxa seed oil extract and Honey value by determining their phytochemical and antimicrobial status against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. Soxhlet apparatus was used for the extraction of the seed oil using Ethanol as the extraction solvent. phytochemical analysis of the extracts was also carryout. Agar well diffusion was used for the antimicrobial activity and broth dilution was used for MIC. The phytochemical results show the presents Saponins, Tannins, Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Resins, Phenol steroid and the absence of Flavonoid in both plant extract and Honey. The antibacterial result showed clear inhibition in both the sample of oil extracted using the soxhlet apparatus and the honey.

In this research work, a total of 25 replicate samples from the study area comprising source water, treated water, as well as water from some boreholes around Gubi dam and Gubi water treatment plant, were collected for the analysis using Gas-flow Detector Dual Phosphor (counting system) method to determine the gross alpha and beta concentrations. The results showed that the values for the gross alpha and beta measurements were found to be (7.057E-03Bq/ m3 ), ( 1.0253E-02 Bq/ m3) and (2.693E-02 Bq/ m3) for samples from the dam, treated water and the borehole respectively. Furthermore, the mean concentrations were also determined to be (4.11E-02Bq/ m3), (3.74E-02Bq/ m3) and (1.0756E-01Bq/ m3). The study revealed that water from Gubi dam whether treated, untreated or groundwater around the dam purses no radiological hazards for agricultural and other domestic uses.