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30,806 results on '"Wachter A"'

1. Generative-Adversarial-Network-Based Data Augmentation for the Classification of Craniosynostosis

Author

Kaiser Christian, Schaufelberger Matthias, Kühle Reinald Peter, Wachter Andreas, Weichel Frederic, Hagen Niclas, Ringwald Friedemann, Eisenmann Urs, Engel Michael, Freudlsperger Christian, and Nahm Werner

Subjects
generative adversarial network, classification, craniosynostosis, data augmentation, Medicine
Abstract

Craniosynostosis is a congenital disease characterized by the premature closure of one or multiple sutures of the infant’s skull. For diagnosis, 3D photogrammetric scans are a radiation-free alternative to computed tomography. However, data is only sparsely available and the role of data augmentation for the classification of craniosynostosis has not yet been analyzed. In this work, we use a 2D distance map representation of the infants’ heads with a convolutional-neural-network-based classifier and employ a generative adversarial network (GAN) for data augmentation. We simulate two data scarcity scenarios with 15% and 10% training data and test the influence of different degrees of added synthetic data and balancing underrepresented classes. We used total accuracy and F1-score as a metric to evaluate the final classifiers. For 15% training data, the GAN-augmented dataset showed an increased F1-score up to 0.1 and classification accuracy up to 3 %. For 10% training data, both metrics decreased. We present a deep convolutional GAN capable of creating synthetic data for the classification of craniosynostosis. Using a moderate amount of synthetic data using a GAN showed slightly better performance, but had little effect overall. The simulated scarcity scenario of 10% training data may have limited the model’s ability to learn the underlying data distribution.

Published
2022
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2. Laplace-Beltrami Refined Shape Regression Applied to Neck Reconstruction for Craniosynostosis Patients

Author

Schaufelberger Matthias, Kühle Reinald, Weichel Frederic, Wachter Andreas, Hagen Niclas, Ringwald Friedemann, Eisenmann Urs, Freudlsperger Christian, and Nahm Werner

Subjects
statistical shape modeling, craniosynostosis, scaphocephaly, laplace-beltrami, shape reconstruction, posterior shape model, Medicine
Abstract

This contribution is part of a project concerning the creation of an artificial dataset comprising 3D head scans of craniosynostosis patients for a deep-learning-based classification. To conform to real data, both head and neck are required in the 3D scans. However, during patient recording, the neck is often covered by medical staff. Simply pasting an arbitrary neck leaves large gaps in the 3D mesh. We therefore use a publicly available statistical shape model (SSM) for neck reconstruction. However, most SSMs of the head are constructed using healthy subjects, so the full head reconstruction loses the craniosynostosis-specific head shape. We propose a method to recover the neck while keeping the pathological head shape intact. We propose a Laplace- Beltrami-based refinement step to deform the posterior mean shape of the full head model towards the pathological head. The artificial neck is created using the publicly available Liverpool-York-Model. We apply our method to construct artificial necks for head scans of 50 scaphocephaly patients. Our method reduces mean vertex correspondence error by approximately 1.3 mm compared to the ordinary posterior mean shape, preserves the pathological head shape, and creates a continuous transition between neck and head. The presented method showed good results for reconstructing a plausible neck to craniosynostosis patients. Easily generalized it might also be applicable to other pathological shapes.

Published
2021
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3. Support-Guessing Decoding Algorithms in the Sum-Rank Metric

Author

Jerkovits, Thomas, Bartz, Hannes, and Wachter-Zeh, Antonia

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

The sum-rank metric generalizes the Hamming and rank metric by partitioning vectors into blocks and defining the total weight as the sum of the rank weights of these blocks, based on their matrix representation. In this work, we explore support-guessing algorithms for decoding sum-rank-metric codes. Support-guessing involves randomly selecting candidate supports and attempting to decode the error under the assumption that it is confined to these supports. While previous works have focused on worst-case scenarios, we analyze the average case and derive an optimal support-guessing distribution in the asymptotic regime. We show that this distribution also performs well for finite code lengths. Our analysis provides exact complexity estimates for unique decoding scenarios and establishes tighter bounds beyond the unique decoding radius. Additionally, we introduce a randomized decoding algorithm for Linearized Reed--Solomon (LRS) codes. This algorithm extends decoding capabilities beyond the unique decoding radius by leveraging an efficient error-and-erasure decoder. Instead of requiring the entire error support to be confined to the guessed support, the algorithm succeeds as long as there is sufficient overlap between the guessed support and the actual error support. As a result, the proposed method improves the success probability and reduces computational complexity compared to generic decoding algorithms. Our contributions offer more accurate complexity estimates than previous works, which are essential for understanding the computational challenges involved in decoding sum-rank-metric codes. This improved complexity analysis, along with optimized support-guessing distributions, provides valuable insights for the design and evaluation of code-based cryptosystems using the sum-rank metric. This is particularly important in the context of quantum-resistant cryptography., Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Published
2024

4. Sequential Decoding of Multiple Traces Over the Syndrome Trellis for Synchronization Errors

Author

Banerjee, Anisha, Welter, Lorenz, Amat, Alexandre Graell i, Wachter-Zeh, Antonia, and Rosnes, Eirik

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

Standard decoding approaches for convolutional codes, such as the Viterbi and BCJR algorithms, entail significant complexity when correcting synchronization errors. The situation worsens when multiple received sequences should be jointly decoded, as in DNA storage. Previous work has attempted to address this via separate-BCJR decoding, i.e., combining the results of decoding each received sequence separately. Another attempt to reduce complexity adapted sequential decoders for use over channels with insertion and deletion errors. However, these decoding alternatives remain prohibitively expensive for high-rate convolutional codes. To address this, we adapt sequential decoders to decode multiple received sequences jointly over the syndrome trellis. For the short blocklength regime, this decoding strategy can outperform separate-BCJR decoding under certain channel conditions, in addition to reducing decoding complexity. To mitigate the occurrence of a decoding timeout, formally called erasure, we also extend this approach to work bidirectionally, i.e., deploying two independent stack decoders that simultaneously operate in the forward and backward directions., Comment: Submitted to ICASSP

Published
2024

5. Hardware-Based Microgrid Coupled to Real-Time Simulated Power Grids for Evaluating New Control Strategies in Future Energy Systems

Author

Kyesswa, Michael, Wiegel, Friedrich, Wachter, Jan, Kühnapfel, Uwe, Waczowicz, Simon, and Hagenmeyer, Veit

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

The design of new control strategies for future energy systems can neither be directly tested in real power grids nor be evaluated based on only current grid situations. In this regard, extensive tests are required in laboratory settings using real power system equipment. However, since it is impossible to replicate the entire grid section of interest, even in large-scale experiments, hardware setups must be supplemented by detailed simulations to reproduce the system under study fully. This paper presents a unique test environment in which a hardware-based microgrid environment is physically coupled with a large-scale real-time simulation framework. The setup combines the advantages of developing new solutions using hardware-based experiments and evaluating the impact on large-scale power systems using real-time simulations. In this paper, the interface between the microgrid-under-test environment and the real-time simulations is evaluated in terms of accuracy and communication delays. Furthermore, a test case is presented showing the approach's ability to test microgrid control strategies for supporting the grid. It is observed that the communication delays via the physical interface depend on the simulation sampling time and do not significantly affect the accuracy in the interaction between the hardware and the simulated grid., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

6. Revitalizing grand rounds in the time of COVID.

Author

Santhosh, Lekshmi, Rosenstein, Lee, and Wachter, Robert

Subjects
Humans, COVID-19, Teaching Rounds, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics, Education, Medical
Abstract

COVID presented an opportunity to revolutionize the traditional format of Medical Grand Rounds (MGR). In this Commentary, we explore the educational ramifications of shifting MGR virtually with a focus on COVID-related content and its long-term sustainability. This transformation offers an inclusive interdisciplinary approach to sustain learner interest and improve education.

Published
2024

7. Patient-specific prediction of regional lung mechanics in ARDS patients with physics-based models: A validation study

Author

Rixner, Maximilian, Ludwig, Maximilian, Lindner, Matthias, Frerichs, Inéz, Sablewski, Armin, Wichmann, Karl-Robert, Wachter, Max-Carl, Müller, Kei W., Schädler, Dirk, Wall, Wolfgang A., Biehler, Jonas, and Becher, Tobias

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

The choice of lung protective ventilation settings for mechanical ventilation has a considerable impact on patient outcome, yet identifying optimal ventilatory settings for individual patients remains highly challenging due to the inherent inter- and intra-patient pathophysiological variability. In this validation study, we demonstrate that physics-based computational lung models tailored to individual patients can resolve this variability, allowing us to predict the otherwise unknown local state of the pathologically affected lung during mechanical ventilation. For seven ARDS patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation, physics-based, patient-specific lung models were created using chest CT scans and ventilatory data. By numerically resolving the interaction of the pathological lung with the airway pressure and flow imparted by the ventilator, we predict the time-dependent and heterogeneous local state of the lung for each patient and compare it against the regional ventilation obtained from bedside monitoring using Electrical Impedance Tomography. Excellent agreement between numerical simulations and experimental data was obtained, with the model-predicted anteroposterior ventilation profile achieving a Pearson correlation of 96% with the clinical reference data. Even when considering the regional ventilation within the entire transverse chest cross-section and across the entire dynamic ventilation range, an average correlation of more than 81% and an average root mean square error of less than 15% were achieved. The results of this first systematic validation study demonstrate the ability of computational models to provide clinically relevant information and thereby open the door for a truly patient-specific choice of ventilator settings on the basis of both individual anatomy and pathophysiology., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024

8. The IBEX Knowledge-Base: Achieving more together with open science

Author

Radtke, Andrea J., Anidi, Ifeanyichukwu, Arakkal, Leanne, Arroyo-Mejias, Armando, Beuschel, Rebecca T., Borner, Katy, Chu, Colin J., Clark, Beatrice, Clatworthy, Menna R., Colautti, Jake, Croteau, Joshua, Denha, Saven, Dever, Rose, Dutra, Walderez O., Fritzsche, Sonja, Fullam, Spencer, Gerner, Michael Y., Gola, Anita, Gollob, Kenneth J., Hernandez, Jonathan M., Hor, Jyh Liang, Ichise, Hiroshi, Jing, Zhixin, Jonigk, Danny, Kandov, Evelyn, Kastenmueller, Wolfgang, Koenig, Joshua F. E., Kothurkar, Aanandita, Kreins, Alexandra Y., Lamborn, Ian, Lin, Yuri, Morais, Katia Luciano Pereira, Lunich, Aleksandra, Luz, Jean C. S., MacDonald, Ryan B., Makranz, Chen, Maltez, Vivien I., Moriaty, Ryan V., Ocampo-Godinez, Juan M., Olyntho, Vitoria M., Padhan, Kartika, Remmert, Kirsten, Richoz, Nathan, Schrom, Edward C., Shang, Wanjing, Shi, Lihong, Shih, Rochelle M., Speranza, Emily, Stierli, Salome, Teichmann, Sarah A., Veres, Tibor Z., Vierhout, Megan, Wachter, Brianna T., Wade-Vallance, Adam K., Williams, Margaret, Zangger, Nathan, Germain, Ronald N., and Yaniv, Ziv

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs
Abstract

Iterative Bleaching Extends multipleXity (IBEX) is a versatile method for highly multiplexed imaging of diverse tissues. Based on open science principles, we created the IBEX Knowledge-Base, a resource for reagents, protocols and more, to empower innovation., Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, 9 references

Published
2024

9. Scalable and Reliable Over-the-Air Federated Edge Learning

Author

Egger, Maximilian, Hofmeister, Christoph, Kaya, Cem, Bitar, Rawad, and Wachter-Zeh, Antonia

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Federated edge learning (FEEL) has emerged as a core paradigm for large-scale optimization. However, FEEL still suffers from a communication bottleneck due to the transmission of high-dimensional model updates from the clients to the federator. Over-the-air computation (AirComp) leverages the additive property of multiple-access channels by aggregating the clients' updates over the channel to save communication resources. While analog uncoded transmission can benefit from the increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the simultaneous transmission of many clients, potential errors may severely harm the learning process for small SNRs. To alleviate this problem, channel coding approaches were recently proposed for AirComp in FEEL. However, their error-correction capability degrades with an increasing number of clients. We propose a digital lattice-based code construction with constant error-correction capabilities in the number of clients, and compare to nested-lattice codes, well-known for their optimal rate and power efficiency in the point-to-point AWGN channel.

Published
2024

10. Self-Duplicating Random Walks for Resilient Decentralized Learning on Graphs

Author

Egger, Maximilian, Ayache, Ghadir, Bitar, Rawad, Wachter-Zeh, Antonia, and Rouayheb, Salim El

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Information Theory, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Consider the setting of multiple random walks (RWs) on a graph executing a certain computational task. For instance, in decentralized learning via RWs, a model is updated at each iteration based on the local data of the visited node and then passed to a randomly chosen neighbor. RWs can fail due to node or link failures. The goal is to maintain a desired number of RWs to ensure failure resilience. Achieving this is challenging due to the lack of a central entity to track which RWs have failed to replace them with new ones by forking (duplicating) surviving ones. Without duplications, the number of RWs will eventually go to zero, causing a catastrophic failure of the system. We propose a decentralized algorithm called DECAFORK that can maintain the number of RWs in the graph around a desired value even in the presence of arbitrary RW failures. Nodes continuously estimate the number of surviving RWs by estimating their return time distribution and fork the RWs when failures are likely to happen. We present extensive numerical simulations that show the performance of DECAFORK regarding fast detection and reaction to failures. We further present theoretical guarantees on the performance of this algorithm.

Published
2024

11. Capacity-Maximizing Input Symbol Selection for Discrete Memoryless Channels

Author

Egger, Maximilian, Bitar, Rawad, Wachter-Zeh, Antonia, Gündüz, Deniz, and Weinberger, Nir

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

Motivated by communication systems with constrained complexity, we consider the problem of input symbol selection for discrete memoryless channels (DMCs). Given a DMC, the goal is to find a subset of its input alphabet, so that the optimal input distribution that is only supported on these symbols maximizes the capacity among all other subsets of the same size (or smaller). We observe that the resulting optimization problem is non-concave and non-submodular, and so generic methods for such cases do not have theoretical guarantees. We derive an analytical upper bound on the capacity loss when selecting a subset of input symbols based only on the properties of the transition matrix of the channel. We propose a selection algorithm that is based on input-symbols clustering, and an appropriate choice of representatives for each cluster, which uses the theoretical bound as a surrogate objective function. We provide numerical experiments to support the findings.

Published
2024

12. OxonFair: A Flexible Toolkit for Algorithmic Fairness

Author

Delaney, Eoin, Fu, Zihao, Wachter, Sandra, Mittelstadt, Brent, and Russell, Chris

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

We present OxonFair, a new open source toolkit for enforcing fairness in binary classification. Compared to existing toolkits: (i) We support NLP and Computer Vision classification as well as standard tabular problems. (ii) We support enforcing fairness on validation data, making us robust to a wide range of overfitting challenges. (iii) Our approach can optimize any measure based on True Positives, False Positive, False Negatives, and True Negatives. This makes it easily extendable and much more expressive than existing toolkits. It supports 9/9 and 10/10 of the decision-based group metrics of two popular review papers. (iv) We jointly optimize a performance objective. This not only minimizes degradation while enforcing fairness, but can improve the performance of otherwise inadequately tuned unfair baselines. OxonFair is compatible with standard ML toolkits including sklearn, Autogluon, and PyTorch and is available online at https://github.com/oxfordinternetinstitute/oxonfair

Published
2024

13. Generative Discrimination: What Happens When Generative AI Exhibits Bias, and What Can Be Done About It

Author

Hacker, Philipp, Mittelstadt, Brent, Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen, and Wachter, Sandra

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

As generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) technologies proliferate across sectors, they offer significant benefits but also risk exacerbating discrimination. This chapter explores how genAI intersects with non-discrimination laws, identifying shortcomings and suggesting improvements. It highlights two main types of discriminatory outputs: (i) demeaning and abusive content and (ii) subtler biases due to inadequate representation of protected groups, which may not be overtly discriminatory in individual cases but have cumulative discriminatory effects. For example, genAI systems may predominantly depict white men when asked for images of people in important jobs. This chapter examines these issues, categorizing problematic outputs into three legal categories: discriminatory content; harassment; and legally hard cases like unbalanced content, harmful stereotypes or misclassification. It argues for holding genAI providers and deployers liable for discriminatory outputs and highlights the inadequacy of traditional legal frameworks to address genAI-specific issues. The chapter suggests updating EU laws, including the AI Act, to mitigate biases in training and input data, mandating testing and auditing, and evolving legislation to enforce standards for bias mitigation and inclusivity as technology advances., Comment: forthcoming in: Philipp Hacker, Andreas Engel, Sarah Hammer and Brent Mittelstadt (eds.), Oxford Handbook on the Foundations and Regulation of Generative AI (Oxford University Press, 2024)

Published
2024

14. An End-to-End Coding Scheme for DNA-Based Data Storage With Nanopore-Sequenced Reads

Author

Welter, Lorenz, Sokolovskii, Roman, Heinis, Thomas, Wachter-Zeh, Antonia, Rosnes, Eirik, and Amat, Alexandre Graell i

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

We consider error-correcting coding for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based storage using nanopore sequencing. We model the DNA storage channel as a sampling noise channel where the input data is chunked into $M$ short DNA strands, which are copied a random number of times, and the channel outputs a random selection of $N$ noisy DNA strands. The retrieved DNA reads are prone to strand-dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution (IDS) errors. We construct an index-based concatenated coding scheme consisting of the concatenation of an outer code, an index code, and an inner code. We further propose a low-complexity (linear in $N$) maximum a posteriori probability decoder that takes into account the strand-dependent IDS errors and the randomness of the drawing to infer symbolwise a posteriori probabilities for the outer decoder. We present Monte-Carlo simulations for information-outage probabilities and frame error rates for different channel setups on experimental data. We finally evaluate the overall system performance using the read/write cost trade-off. A powerful combination of tailored channel modeling and soft information processing allows us to achieve excellent performance even with error-prone nanopore-sequenced reads outperforming state-of-the-art schemes.%

Published
2024

15. School Counselors' Current Experiences in the Classroom in a Post-Pandemic Era: A Mixed-Methods Study

Author

Christopher D. Slaten, Carrie Wachter-Morris, Michael Steven Williams, Jisu Lee, Jenny Haberski, and Scott Hovey

Abstract

School counselors support the academic, career, and social/emotional development of all students in their care, and one important method of delivery of a comprehensive school counseling program is the use of classroom instruction. In this exploratory, sequential mixed-methods study, we examined participant responses from nine focus groups regarding the school counselors' experiences with delivery of classroom lessons, in combination with a national survey of 247 practicing school counselors. Results underscored participants' desire to spend more time in classrooms and ongoing barriers to classroom access. We discuss implications for school counseling practice and school counselor education.

Published
2024
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16. Euclid. IV. The NISP Calibration Unit

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Hormuth, F., Jahnke, K., Schirmer, M., Lee, C. G. -Y., Scott, T., Barbier, R., Ferriol, S., Gillard, W., Grupp, F., Holmes, R., Holmes, W., Kubik, B., Macias-Perez, J., Laurent, M., Marpaud, J., Marton, M., Medinaceli, E., Morgante, G., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Rix, Hans-Walter, Secroun, A., Seiffert, M., Stassi, P., Wachter, S., Gutierrez, C. M., Vescovi, C., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Ducret, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Morris, P. W., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Rusholme, B., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Sauvage, M., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Kazandjian, M. V., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casenove, P., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Laudisio, F., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Scarlata, C., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zalesky, L., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Finoguenov, A., Gasparetto, T., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Oguri, M., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Tanidis, K., Vernizzi, F., Viitanen, A., Kova{č}ić, I., Lesgourgues, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Mora, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The near-infrared calibration unit (NI-CU) on board Euclid's Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) is the first astronomical calibration lamp based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to be operated in space. Euclid is a mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 framework, to explore the dark universe and provide a next-level characterisation of the nature of gravitation, dark matter, and dark energy. Calibrating photometric and spectrometric measurements of galaxies to better than 1.5% accuracy in a survey homogeneously mapping ~14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky requires a very detailed characterisation of near-infrared (NIR) detector properties, as well their constant monitoring in flight. To cover two of the main contributions - relative pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and non-linearity characteristics - as well as support other calibration activities, NI-CU was designed to provide spatially approximately homogeneous (<12% variations) and temporally stable illumination (0.1%-0.2% over 1200s) over the NISP detector plane, with minimal power consumption and energy dissipation. NI-CU is covers the spectral range ~[900,1900] nm - at cryo-operating temperature - at 5 fixed independent wavelengths to capture wavelength-dependent behaviour of the detectors, with fluence over a dynamic range of >=100 from ~15 ph s^-1 pixel^-1 to >1500 ph s^-1 pixel^-1. For this functionality, NI-CU is based on LEDs. We describe the rationale behind the decision and design process, describe the challenges in sourcing the right LEDs, as well as the qualification process and lessons learned. We also provide a description of the completed NI-CU, its capabilities and performance as well as its limits. NI-CU has been integrated into NISP and the Euclid satellite, and since Euclid's launch in July 2023 has started supporting survey operations., Comment: Paper accepted for publication in A&A as part of the special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

17. Euclid. III. The NISP Instrument

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Jahnke, K., Gillard, W., Schirmer, M., Ealet, A., Maciaszek, T., Prieto, E., Barbier, R., Bonoli, C., Corcione, L., Dusini, S., Grupp, F., Hormuth, F., Ligori, S., Martin, L., Morgante, G., Padilla, C., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Valenziano, L., Bender, R., Castander, F. J., Garilli, B., Lilje, P. B., Rix, H. -W., Auricchio, N., Balestra, A., Barriere, J. -C., Battaglia, P., Berthe, M., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bon, W., Bonnefoi, A., Caillat, A., Capobianco, V., Carle, M., Casas, R., Cho, H., Costille, A., Ducret, F., Ferriol, S., Franceschi, E., Gimenez, J. -L., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Jhabvala, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Lloro, I., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Polenta, G., Racca, G. D., Renzi, A., Salvignol, J. -C., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Strada, P., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Wachter, S., Anselmi, S., Borsato, E., Caillat, L., Cogato, F., Colodro-Conde, C., Crouzet, P. -E., Conforti, V., D'Alessandro, M., Copin, Y., Cuillandre, J. -C., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Derosa, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Ferrari, A. G., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Gutierrez, C. M., Giacomini, F., Lagier, P., Gianotti, F., Krause, O., Madrid, F., Laudisio, F., Macias-Perez, J., Naletto, G., Niclas, M., Marpaud, J., Mauri, N., da Silva, R., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Risso, I., Solheim, B. G. B., Scodeggio, M., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Testera, G., Travaglini, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tubio, O., Valieri, C., Vescovi, C., Ventura, S., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amiaux, J., Andreon, S., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bonchi, A., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Cuby, J. -G., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Hailey, M., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hudelot, P., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Lindholm, V., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martignac, J., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nutma, T., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Serrano, S., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Vibert, D., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Appleton, P. N., Baccigalupi, C., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Liu, C., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Morris, P. W., Neissner, C., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Chary, R., Colbert, J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hemmati, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Hosseini, S., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Brun, V. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Liu, S. J., Loureiro, A., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Shulevski, A., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bennett, C. L., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Conseil, S., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Radovich, M., Sarpa, E., Tommasi, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., Levi, M. E., and Martín-Fleitas, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R>=450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950-2020nm wavelength range. In this reference article we illuminate the background of NISP's functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument's integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated, and its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and technical background are included. NISP's 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0.3" pix^-1 deliver a field-of-view of 0.57deg^2. In photo mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100s exposure time, for point sources and with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5. For spectroscopy, NISP's point-source sensitivity is a SNR = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2x10^-16erg/s/cm^2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4A, in 3x560s grism exposures at 1.6 mu (redshifted Ha). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity, to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy of better than 1.5%, and relative spectrophotometry to better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be better than 5A. NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the NIR for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST - and an enormous advance due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid's 6-year survey covering 14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone for determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its NIR data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

18. Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Mellier, Y., Abdurro'uf, Barroso, J. A. Acevedo, Achúcarro, A., Adamek, J., Adam, R., Addison, G. E., Aghanim, N., Aguena, M., Ajani, V., Akrami, Y., Al-Bahlawan, A., Alavi, A., Albuquerque, I. S., Alestas, G., Alguero, G., Allaoui, A., Allen, S. W., Allevato, V., Alonso-Tetilla, A. V., Altieri, B., Alvarez-Candal, A., Alvi, S., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Amiaux, J., Andika, I. T., Andreon, S., Andrews, A., Angora, G., Angulo, R. E., Annibali, F., Anselmi, A., Anselmi, S., Arcari, S., Archidiacono, M., Aricò, G., Arnaud, M., Arnouts, S., Asgari, M., Asorey, J., Atayde, L., Atek, H., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubert, M., Aubourg, E., Auphan, T., Auricchio, N., Aussel, B., Aussel, H., Avelino, P. P., Avgoustidis, A., Avila, S., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Baccigalupi, C., Bachelet, E., Bacon, D., Baes, M., Bagley, M. B., Bahr-Kalus, B., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Balbinot, E., Balcells, M., Baldi, M., Baldry, I., Balestra, A., Ballardini, M., Ballester, O., Balogh, M., Bañados, E., Barbier, R., Bardelli, S., Baron, M., Barreiro, T., Barrena, R., Barriere, J. -C., Barros, B. J., Barthelemy, A., Bartolo, N., Basset, A., Battaglia, P., Battisti, A. J., Baugh, C. M., Baumont, L., Bazzanini, L., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beckmann, V., Belikov, A. N., Bel, J., Bellagamba, F., Bella, M., Bellini, E., Benabed, K., Bender, R., Benevento, G., Bennett, C. L., Benson, K., Bergamini, P., Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Berthe, M., Berthier, J., Bethermin, M., Beutler, F., Bevillon, C., Bhargava, S., Bhatawdekar, R., Bianchi, D., Bisigello, L., Biviano, A., Blake, R. P., Blanchard, A., Blazek, J., Blot, L., Bosco, A., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Böhringer, H., Boldrini, P., Bolzonella, M., Bonchi, A., Bonici, M., Bonino, D., Bonino, L., Bonvin, C., Bon, W., Booth, J. T., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bose, B., Botticella, M. T., Boucaud, A., Bouche, F., Boucher, J. S., Boutigny, D., Bouvard, T., Bouwens, R., Bouy, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Bozza, V., Bozzo, E., Branchini, E., Brando, G., Brau-Nogue, S., Brekke, P., Bremer, M. N., Brescia, M., Breton, M. -A., Brinchmann, J., Brinckmann, T., Brockley-Blatt, C., Brodwin, M., Brouard, L., Brown, M. L., Bruton, S., Bucko, J., Buddelmeijer, H., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Burger, P., Burigana, C., Busillo, V., Busonero, D., Cabanac, R., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cagliari, M. S., Caillat, A., Caillat, L., Calabrese, M., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Calura, F., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Camera, S., Campos, L., Canas-Herrera, G., Candini, G. P., Cantiello, M., Capobianco, V., Cappellaro, E., Cappelluti, N., Cappi, A., Caputi, K. I., Cara, C., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carella, E., Carlberg, R. G., Carle, M., Carminati, L., Caro, F., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carrilho, P., Duque, J. Carron, Carry, B., Carvalho, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casas, R., Casas, S., Casenove, P., Casey, C. M., Cassata, P., Castander, F. J., Castelao, D., Castellano, M., Castiblanco, L., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cavet, C., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Charlot, S., Chartab, N., Chary, R., Chaumeil, F., Cho, H., Chon, G., Ciancetta, E., Ciliegi, P., Cimatti, A., Cimino, M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Claydon, R., Cleland, C., Clément, B., Clements, D. L., Clerc, N., Clesse, S., Codis, S., Cogato, F., Colbert, J., Cole, R. E., Coles, P., Collett, T. E., Collins, R. S., Colodro-Conde, C., Colombo, C., Combes, F., Conforti, V., Congedo, G., Conseil, S., Conselice, C. J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Conversi, L., Cooray, A. R., Copin, Y., Corasaniti, P. -S., Corcho-Caballero, P., Corcione, L., Cordes, O., Corpace, O., Correnti, M., Costanzi, M., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Mifsud, L. Courcoult, Courtois, H. M., Cousinou, M. -C., Covone, G., Cowell, T., Cragg, C., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Crocce, M., Cropper, M., Crouzet, P. E, Csizi, B., Cuby, J. -G., Cucchetti, E., Cucciati, O., Cuillandre, J. -C., Cunha, P. A. C., Cuozzo, V., Daddi, E., D'Addona, M., Dafonte, C., Dagoneau, N., Dalessandro, E., Dalton, G. B., D'Amico, G., Dannerbauer, H., Danto, P., Das, I., Da Silva, A., da Silva, R., Doumerg, W. d'Assignies, Daste, G., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Dayal, P., de Boer, T., Decarli, R., De Caro, B., Degaudenzi, H., Degni, G., de Jong, J. T. A., de la Bella, L. F., de la Torre, S., Delhaise, F., Delley, D., Delucchi, G., De Lucia, G., Denniston, J., De Paolis, F., De Petris, M., Derosa, A., Desai, S., Desjacques, V., Despali, G., Desprez, G., De Vicente-Albendea, J., Deville, Y., Dias, J. D. F., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Diego, J. M., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dimauro, P., Dinis, J., Dolag, K., Dolding, C., Dole, H., Sánchez, H. Domínguez, Doré, O., Dournac, F., Douspis, M., Dreihahn, H., Droge, B., Dryer, B., Dubath, F., Duc, P. -A., Ducret, F., Duffy, C., Dufresne, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Duret, V., Durrer, R., Durret, F., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Eggemeier, A., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Elbaz, D., Elkhashab, M. Y., Ellien, A., Endicott, J., Enia, A., Erben, T., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Sanz, I. Escudero, Essert, J., Ettori, S., Ezziati, M., Fabbian, G., Fabricius, M., Fang, Y., Farina, A., Farina, M., Farinelli, R., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Feltre, A., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ferrando, P., Ferrari, A. G., Ferré-Mateu, A., Ferreira, P. G., Ferreras, I., Ferrero, I., Ferriol, S., Ferruit, P., Filleul, D., Finelli, F., Finkelstein, S. L., Finoguenov, A., Fiorini, B., Flentge, F., Focardi, P., Fonseca, J., Fontana, A., Fontanot, F., Fornari, F., Fosalba, P., Fossati, M., Fotopoulou, S., Fouchez, D., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Fraix-Burnet, D., Franceschi, E., Franco, A., Franzetti, P., Freihoefer, J., Frenk, C. . S., Frittoli, G., Frugier, P. -A., Frusciante, N., Fumagalli, A., Fumagalli, M., Fumana, M., Fu, Y., Gabarra, L., Galeotta, S., Galluccio, L., Ganga, K., Gao, H., García-Bellido, J., Garcia, K., Gardner, J. P., Garilli, B., Gaspar-Venancio, L. -M., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gavazzi, R., Gaztanaga, E., Genolet, L., Santos, R. Genova, Gentile, F., George, K., Gerbino, M., Ghaffari, Z., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gibb, G. P. S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Ginolfi, M., Giocoli, C., Girardi, M., Giri, S. K., Goh, L. W. K., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gonzalez, A. H., Gonzalez, E. J., Gonzalez, J. C., Beauchamps, S. Gouyou, Gozaliasl, G., Gracia-Carpio, J., Grandis, S., Granett, B. R., Granvik, M., Grazian, A., Gregorio, A., Grenet, C., Grillo, C., Grupp, F., Gruppioni, C., Gruppuso, A., Guerbuez, C., Guerrini, S., Guidi, M., Guillard, P., Gutierrez, C. M., Guttridge, P., Guzzo, L., Gwyn, S., Haapala, J., Haase, J., Haddow, C. R., Hailey, M., Hall, A., Hall, D., Hamaus, N., Haridasu, B. S., Harnois-Déraps, J., Harper, C., Hartley, W. G., Hasinger, G., Hassani, F., Hatch, N. A., Haugan, S. V. H., Häußler, B., Heavens, A., Heisenberg, L., Helmi, A., Helou, G., Hemmati, S., Henares, K., Herent, O., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Heuberger, T., Hewett, P. C., Heydenreich, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hirschmann, M., Hjorth, J., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holland, A. D., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Horeau, B., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hosseini, S., Hu, D., Hudelot, P., Hudson, M. J., Huertas-Company, M., Huff, E. M., Hughes, A. C. N., Humphrey, A., Hunt, L. K., Huynh, D. D., Ibata, R., Ichikawa, K., Iglesias-Groth, S., Ilbert, O., Ilić, S., Ingoglia, L., Iodice, E., Israel, H., Israelsson, U. E., Izzo, L., Jablonka, P., Jackson, N., Jacobson, J., Jafariyazani, M., Jahnke, K., Jain, B., Jansen, H., Jarvis, M. J., Jasche, J., Jauzac, M., Jeffrey, N., Jhabvala, M., Jimenez-Teja, Y., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joachimi, B., Johansson, P. H., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Kajava, J. J. E., Kang, Y., Kannawadi, A., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kärcher, M., Kashlinsky, A., Kazandjian, M. V., Keck, F., Keihänen, E., Kerins, E., Kermiche, S., Khalil, A., Kiessling, A., Kiiveri, K., Kilbinger, M., Kim, J., King, R., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kitching, T., Kluge, M., Knabenhans, M., Knapen, J. H., Knebe, A., Kneib, J. -P., Kohley, R., Koopmans, L. V. E., Koskinen, H., Koulouridis, E., Kou, R., Kovács, A., Kovačić, I., Kowalczyk, A., Koyama, K., Kraljic, K., Krause, O., Kruk, S., Kubik, B., Kuchner, U., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lacey, C. G., La Franca, F., Lagarde, N., Lahav, O., Laigle, C., La Marca, A., La Marle, O., Lamine, B., Lam, M. C., Lançon, A., Landt, H., Langer, M., Lapi, A., Larcheveque, C., Larsen, S. S., Lattanzi, M., Laudisio, F., Laugier, D., Laureijs, R., Laurent, V., Lavaux, G., Lawrenson, A., Lazanu, A., Lazeyras, T., Boulc'h, Q. Le, Brun, A. M. C. Le, Brun, V. Le, Leclercq, F., Lee, S., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Leirvik, K. N., Jeune, M. Le, Lembo, M., Mignant, D. Le, Lepinzan, M. D., Lepori, F., Reun, A. Le, Leroy, G., Lesci, G. F., Lesgourgues, J., Leuzzi, L., Levi, M. E., Liaudat, T. I., Libet, G., Liebing, P., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lin, C. -C., Linde, D., Linder, E., Lindholm, V., Linke, L., Li, S. -S., Liu, S. J., Lloro, I., Lobo, F. S. N., Lodieu, N., Lombardi, M., Lombriser, L., Lonare, P., Longo, G., López-Caniego, M., Lopez, X. Lopez, Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Loureiro, A., Loveday, J., Lusso, E., Macias-Perez, J., Maciaszek, T., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Magnard, F., Magnier, E. A., Magro, A., Mahler, G., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Malavasi, N., Mamon, G. A., Mancini, C., Mandelbaum, R., Manera, M., Manjón-García, A., Mannucci, F., Mansutti, O., Outeiro, M. Manteiga, Maoli, R., Maraston, C., Marcin, S., Marcos-Arenal, P., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Marggraf, O., Marinucci, D., Marinucci, M., Markovic, K., Marleau, F. R., Marpaud, J., Martignac, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martin-Moruno, P., Martin, E. L., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Martin, H., Martins, C. J. A. P., Marulli, F., Massari, D., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Matarrese, S., Matsuoka, Y., Matthew, S., Maughan, B. J., Mauri, N., Maurin, L., Maurogordato, S., McCarthy, K., McConnachie, A. W., McCracken, H. J., McDonald, I., McEwen, J. D., McPartland, C. J. R., Medinaceli, E., Mehta, V., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Melin, J. -B., Ménard, B., Mendes, J., Mendez-Abreu, J., Meneghetti, M., Mercurio, A., Merlin, E., Metcalf, R. B., Meylan, G., Migliaccio, M., Mignoli, M., Miller, L., Miluzio, M., Milvang-Jensen, B., Mimoso, J. P., Miquel, R., Miyatake, H., Mobasher, B., Mohr, J. J., Monaco, P., Monguió, M., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Dizgah, A. Moradinezhad, Moresco, M., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Moriya, T. J., Morris, P. W., Mortlock, D. J., Moscardini, L., Mota, D. F., Mottet, S., Moustakas, L. A., Moutard, T., Müller, T., Munari, E., Murphree, G., Murray, C., Murray, N., Musi, P., Nadathur, S., Nagam, B. C., Nagao, T., Naidoo, K., Nakajima, R., Nally, C., Natoli, P., Navarro-Alsina, A., Girones, D. Navarro, Neissner, C., Nersesian, A., Nesseris, S., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Nicastro, L., Nichol, R. C., Nielbock, M., Niemi, S. -M., Nieto, S., Nilsson, K., Noller, J., Norberg, P., Nouri-Zonoz, A., Ntelis, P., Nucita, A. A., Nugent, P., Nunes, N. J., Nutma, T., Ocampo, I., Odier, J., Oesch, P. A., Oguri, M., Oliveira, D. Magalhaes, Onoue, M., Oosterbroek, T., Oppizzi, F., Ordenovic, C., Osato, K., Pacaud, F., Pace, F., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pagano, L., Page, M. J., Palazzi, E., Paltani, S., Pamuk, S., Pandolfi, S., Paoletti, D., Paolillo, M., Papaderos, P., Pardede, K., Parimbelli, G., Parmar, A., Partmann, C., Pasian, F., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Pattison, C., Paulino-Afonso, A., Paviot, R., Peacock, J. A., Pearce, F. R., Pedersen, K., Peel, A., Peletier, R. F., Ibanez, M. Pellejero, Pello, R., Penny, M. T., Percival, W. J., Perez-Garrido, A., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Pezzotta, A., Pezzuto, S., Philippon, A., Pierre, M., Piersanti, O., Pietroni, M., Piga, L., Pilo, L., Pires, S., Pisani, A., Pizzella, A., Pizzuti, L., Plana, C., Polenta, G., Pollack, J. E., Poncet, M., Pöntinen, M., Pool, P., Popa, L. A., Popa, V., Popp, J., Porciani, C., Porth, L., Potter, D., Poulain, M., Pourtsidou, A., Pozzetti, L., Prandoni, I., Pratt, G. W., Prezelus, S., Prieto, E., Pugno, A., Quai, S., Quilley, L., Racca, G. D., Raccanelli, A., Rácz, G., Radinović, S., Radovich, M., Ragagnin, A., Ragnit, U., Raison, F., Ramos-Chernenko, N., Ranc, C., Rasera, Y., Raylet, N., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Reimberg, P., Reiprich, T. H., Renk, F., Renzi, A., Retre, J., Revaz, Y., Reylé, C., Reynolds, L., Rhodes, J., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Riccio, G., Ricken, S. O., Rissanen, S., Risso, I., Rix, H. -W., Robin, A. C., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rocci, P. -F., Rodenhuis, M., Rodighiero, G., Monroy, M. Rodriguez, Rollins, R. P., Romanello, M., Roman, J., Romelli, E., Romero-Gomez, M., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Roster, W., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rozas-Fernández, A., Ruane, K., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rudolph, A., Ruppin, F., Rusholme, B., Sacquegna, S., Sáez-Casares, I., Saga, S., Saglia, R., Sahlén, M., Saifollahi, T., Sakr, Z., Salvalaggio, J., Salvaterra, R., Salvati, L., Salvato, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sanchez, E., Sanders, D. B., Sapone, D., Saponara, M., Sarpa, E., Sarron, F., Sartori, S., Sartoris, B., Sassolas, B., Sauniere, L., Sauvage, M., Sawicki, M., Scaramella, R., Scarlata, C., Scharré, L., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schindler, J. -T., Schinnerer, E., Schirmer, M., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, M., Schneider, A., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schöneberg, N., Schrabback, T., Schultheis, M., Schulz, S., Schuster, N., Schwartz, J., Sciotti, D., Scodeggio, M., Scognamiglio, D., Scott, D., Scottez, V., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sellentin, E., Selwood, M., Semboloni, E., Sereno, M., Serjeant, S., Serrano, S., Setnikar, G., Shankar, F., Sharples, R. M., Short, A., Shulevski, A., Shuntov, M., Sias, M., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Slezak, E., Sluse, D., Smith, G. P., Smith, L. C., Smith, R. E., Smit, S. J. A., Soldano, F., Solheim, B. G. B., Sorce, J. G., Sorrenti, F., Soubrie, E., Spinoglio, L., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stagnaro, L., Stanco, L., Stanford, S. A., Starck, J. -L., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Stern, D., Stone, C., Strada, P., Strafella, F., Stramaccioni, D., Surace, C., Sureau, F., Suyu, S. H., Swindells, I., Szafraniec, M., Szapudi, I., Taamoli, S., Talia, M., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tarrío, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. L., Teixeira, E. M., Tenti, M., Idiago, P. Teodoro, Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Tessore, N., Testa, V., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Theret, N., Thizy, C., Thomas, P. D., Toba, Y., Toft, S., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tolstoy, E., Tommasi, E., Torbaniuk, O., Torradeflot, F., Tortora, C., Tosi, S., Tosti, S., Trifoglio, M., Troja, A., Trombetti, T., Tronconi, A., Tsedrik, M., Tsyganov, A., Tucci, M., Tutusaus, I., Uhlemann, C., Ulivi, L., Urbano, M., Vacher, L., Vaillon, L., Valageas, P., Valdes, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Broeck, M. Van den, Vassallo, T., Vavrek, R., Vega-Ferrero, J., Venemans, B., Venhola, A., Ventura, S., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Vergani, D., Verma, A., Vernizzi, F., Veropalumbo, A., Verza, G., Vescovi, C., Vibert, D., Viel, M., Vielzeuf, P., Viglione, C., Viitanen, A., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Vinciguerra, S., Visticot, F., Voggel, K., von Wietersheim-Kramsta, M., Vriend, W. J., Wachter, S., Walmsley, M., Walth, G., Walton, D. M., Walton, N. A., Wander, M., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weaver, J. R., Weller, J., Wetzstein, M., Whalen, D. J., Whittam, I. H., Widmer, A., Wiesmann, M., Wilde, J., Williams, O. R., Winther, H. -A., Wittje, A., Wong, J. H. W., Wright, A. H., Yankelevich, V., Yeung, H. W., Yoon, M., Youles, S., Yung, L. Y. A., Zacchei, A., Zalesky, L., Zamorani, G., Vitorelli, A. Zamorano, Marc, M. Zanoni, Zennaro, M., Zerbi, F. M., Zinchenko, I. A., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., and Zumalacarregui, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance., Comment: Accepted for publication in the A&A special issue`Euclid on Sky'

Published
2024

19. Euclid. II. The VIS Instrument

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Cropper, M., Al-Bahlawan, A., Amiaux, J., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Benson, K., Berthe, M., Boucher, J., Bozzo, E., Brockley-Blatt, C., Candini, G. P., Cara, C., Chaudery, R. A., Cole, R. E., Danto, P., Denniston, J., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dryer, B., Endicott, J., Dubois, J. -P., Farina, M., Galli, E., Genolet, L., Gow, J. P. D., Guttridge, P., Hailey, M., Hall, D., Harper, C., Holland, A. D., Horeau, B., Hu, D., King, R., James, R. E., Larcheveque, C., Khalil, A., Lawrenson, A., Liebing, P., Martignac, J., McCracken, H. J., Murray, N., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Pendem, A., Paltani, S., Philippon, A., Pool, P., Plana, C., Pottinger, S., Racca, G. D., Rousseau, A., Ruane, K., Salatti, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sciortino, A., Short, Alexander, Liu, S. J., Skottfelt, J., Swindells, I., Smit, S. J. A., Szafraniec, M., Thomas, P. D., Thomas, W., Tommasi, E., Winter, B., Tosti, S., Visticot, F., Walton, D. M., Willis, G., Mora, A., Kohley, R., Massey, R., Nightingale, J. W., Kitching, T., Hoekstra, H., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cuby, J. -G., Cuillandre, J. -C., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Dinis, J., Dolding, C., Douspis, M., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Fabricius, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Frugier, P. -A., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Herent, O., Hoar, J., Holliman, M. S., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Miller, L., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nichol, R. C., Nutma, T., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wachter, S., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Bernardeau, F., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Colodro-Conde, C., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Israel, H., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Chary, R., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cordes, O., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Gutierrez, C. M., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., and Martín-Fleitas, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Visible Camera (VIS) on the ESA Euclid mission. VIS is a large optical-band imager with a field of view of 0.54 deg^2 sampled at 0.1" with an array of 609 Megapixels and spatial resolution of 0.18". It will be used to survey approximately 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky to measure the distortion of galaxies in the redshift range z=0.1-1.5 resulting from weak gravitational lensing, one of the two principal cosmology probes of Euclid. With photometric redshifts, the distribution of dark matter can be mapped in three dimensions, and, from how this has changed with look-back time, the nature of dark energy and theories of gravity can be constrained. The entire VIS focal plane will be transmitted to provide the largest images of the Universe from space to date, reaching m_AB>24.5 with S/N >10 in a single broad I_E~(r+i+z) band over a six year survey. The particularly challenging aspects of the instrument are the control and calibration of observational biases, which lead to stringent performance requirements and calibration regimes. With its combination of spatial resolution, calibration knowledge, depth, and area covering most of the extra-Galactic sky, VIS will also provide a legacy data set for many other fields. This paper discusses the rationale behind the VIS concept and describes the instrument design and development before reporting the pre-launch performance derived from ground calibrations and brief results from the in-orbit commissioning. VIS should reach fainter than m_AB=25 with S/N>10 for galaxies of full-width half-maximum of 0.3" in a 1.3" diameter aperture over the Wide Survey, and m_AB>26.4 for a Deep Survey that will cover more than 50 deg^2. The paper also describes how VIS works with the other Euclid components of survey, telescope, and science data processing to extract the cosmological information., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

20. Serializing Java Objects in Plain Code

Author

Wachter, Julian, Tiwari, Deepika, Monperrus, Martin, and Baudry, Benoit

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

In managed languages, serialization of objects is typically done in bespoke binary formats such as Protobuf, or markup languages such as XML or JSON. The major limitation of these formats is readability. Human developers cannot read binary code, and in most cases, suffer from the syntax of XML or JSON. This is a major issue when objects are meant to be embedded and read in source code, such as in test cases. To address this problem, we propose plain-code serialization. Our core idea is to serialize objects observed at runtime in the native syntax of a programming language. We realize this vision in the context of Java, and demonstrate a prototype which serializes Java objects to Java source code. The resulting source faithfully reconstructs the objects seen at runtime. Our prototype is called ProDJ and is publicly available. We experiment with ProDJ to successfully plain-code serialize 174,699 objects observed during the execution of 4 open-source Java applications. Our performance measurement shows that the performance impact is not noticeable., Comment: Under peer-review

Published
2024

21. Gravitational waves from cosmic strings in LISA: reconstruction pipeline and physics interpretation

Author

Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Cui, Yanou, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Lewicki, Marek, Nardini, Germano, Pieroni, Mauro, Rybak, Ivan Yu., Sousa, Lara, and Wachter, Jeremy M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We initiate the LISA template databank for stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds sourced by cosmic strings. We include two templates, an analytical template, which enables more flexible searches, and a numerical template derived directly from large Nambu-Goto simulations of string networks. Using searches based on these templates, we forecast the parameter space within the reach of the experiment and the precision with which their parameters will be reconstructed, provided a signal is observed. The reconstruction permits probing the Hubble expansion and new relativistic DoF in the early universe. We quantify the impact that astrophysical foregrounds can have on these searches. Finally, we discuss the impact that these observations would have on our understanding of the fundamental models behind the string networks. Overall, we prove that LISA has great potential for probing cosmic string models and may reach tensions as low as $G\mu =10^{-16} - 10^{-17} $, which translates into energy scales of the order $10^{11}~\text{GeV}$., Comment: 59 pages, 15 figures

Published
2024

22. The SDSS-V Local Volume Mapper (LVM): Scientific Motivation and Project Overview

Author

Drory, Niv, Blanc, Guillermo A., Kreckel, Kathryn, Sanchez, Sebastian F., Mejia-Narvaez, Alfredo, Johnston, Evelyn J., Jones, Amy M., Pellegrini, Eric W., Konidaris, Nicholas P., Herbst, Tom, Sanchez-Gallego, Jose, Kollmeier, Juna A., de Almeida, Florence, Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K., Bizyaev, Dmitry, Brownstein, Joel R., Saguer, Mar Canal i, Cherinka, Brian, Cioni, Maria-Rosa L., Congiu, Enrico, Cosens, Maren, Dias, Bruno, Donor, John, Egorov, Oleg, Egorova, Evgeniia, Froning, Cynthia S., Garcia, Pablo, Glover, Simon C. O., Greve, Hannah, Haeberle, Maximilian, Hoy, Kevin, Ibarra, Hector, Li, Jing, Klessen, Ralf S., Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Kumari, Nimisha, Long, Knox S., Mendez-Delgado, Jose Eduardo, Popa, Silvia Anastasia, Ramirez, Solange, Rix, Hans-Walter, Sanchez, Aurora Mata, Sankrit, Ravi, Sattler, Natascha, Sayres, Conor, Singh, Amrita, Stringfellow, Guy, Wachter, Stefanie, Watkins, Elizabeth Jayne, Wong, Tony, and Wofford, Aida

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present the Sloan Digital Sky Survey V (SDSS-V) Local Volume Mapper (LVM). The LVM is an integral-field spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way, Magellanic Clouds, and of a sample of local volume galaxies, connecting resolved pc-scale individual sources of feedback to kpc-scale ionized interstellar medium (ISM) properties. The 4-year survey covers the southern Milky Way disk at spatial resolutions of 0.05 to 1 pc, the Magellanic Clouds at 10 pc resolution, and nearby large galaxies at larger scales totaling $>4300$ square degrees of sky, and more than 55M spectra. It utilizes a new facility of alt-alt mounted siderostats feeding 16 cm refractive telescopes, lenslet-coupled fiber-optics, and spectrographs covering 3600-9800A at R ~ 4000. The ultra-wide field IFU has a diameter of 0.5 degrees with 1801 hexagonally packed fibers of 35.3 arcsec apertures. The siderostats allow for a completely stationary fiber system, avoiding instability of the line spread function seen in traditional fiber feeds. Scientifically, LVM resolves the regions where energy, momentum, and chemical elements are injected into the ISM at the scale of gas clouds, while simultaneously charting where energy is being dissipated (via cooling, shocks, turbulence, bulk flows, etc.) to global scales. This combined local and global view enables us to constrain physical processes regulating how stellar feedback operates and couples to galactic kinematics and disk-scale structures, such as the bar and spiral arms, as well as gas in- and out-flows., Comment: 29 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal

Published
2024

23. Optomagnetic forces on YIG/YFeO3 microspheres levitated in chiral hollow-core photonic crystal fibre

Author

Chakraborty, Soumya, Wong, Gordon K. L., Oda, Ferdi, Wachter, Vanessa, Kusminskiy, Silvia Viola, Yokosawa, Tadahiro, Hübner, Sabine, Zubiri, Benjamin Apeleo, Spiecker, Erdmann, Distaso, Monica, Russell, Philip St. J., and Joly, Nicolas Y.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

We explore a magnetooptomechanical system consisting of a single magnetic microparticle optically levitated within the core of a helically twisted single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibre. We use newly-developed magnetic particles that have a core of antiferromagnetic yttrium-ortho-ferrite (YFeO3) and a shell of ferrimagnetic YIG (Y3Fe5O12) approximately 50 nm thick. Using a 632.8 nm probe beam, we observe optical-torque-induced rotation of the particle and rotation of the magnetization vector in presence of an external static magnetic field. This one-of-a-kind platform opens a path to novel investigations of optomagnetic physics with levitated magnetic particles.

Published
2024

24. Coding for Composite DNA to Correct Substitutions, Strand Losses, and Deletions

Author

Walter, Frederik, Sabary, Omer, Wachter-Zeh, Antonia, and Yaakobi, Eitan

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

Composite DNA is a recent method to increase the base alphabet size in DNA-based data storage.This paper models synthesizing and sequencing of composite DNA and introduces coding techniques to correct substitutions, losses of entire strands, and symbol deletion errors. Non-asymptotic upper bounds on the size of codes with $t$ occurrences of these error types are derived. Explicit constructions are presented which can achieve the bounds.

Published
2024

25. Microelectronic readout of a diamond quantum sensor

Author

Wirtitsch, Daniel, Wachter, Georg, Reisenbauer, Sarah, Schalko, Johannes, Schmid, Ulrich, Fant, Andrea, Sant, Luca, and Trupke, Michael

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum sensors based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond are rapidly advancing from scientific exploration towards the first generation of commercial applications. While significant progress has been made in developing suitable methods for the manipulation of the NV centre spin state, the detection of the defect luminescence has so far limited the performance of miniaturized sensor architectures. The recent development of photoelectric detection of the NV centre's spin state offers a path to circumvent these limitations, but has to-date required research-grade low current amplifiers to detect the picoampere-scale currents obtained from these systems. Here we report on the photoelectric detection of magnetic resonance (PDMR) with NV ensembles using a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device. The integrated circuit delivers a digitized output of the diamond sensor with low noise and 50 femtoampere resolution. This integration provides the last missing component on the path to a compact, diamond-based quantum sensor. The device is suited for continuous wave (CW) as well as pulsed operation. We demonstrate its functionality with DC and AC magnetometry up to several megahertz, coherent spin rotation and multi-axial decoupling sequences for quantum sensing., Comment: 4 figures, 10 pages including bibliography, 8 pages not including bibliography

Published
2024

26. Tutorial on one-dimensional $q$-Fourier transforms

Author

Wachter, Hartmut

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 81R50
Abstract

This paper is an introductory text to the theory of $q$-deformed Fourier transforms, as first discussed by Rogov and Olshanetsky. We derive the well-known results in detail, present them in a format that suits our needs, and include some new findings on specific aspects of the theory., Comment: 44 pages

Published
2024

31. Atypical cellular responses mediated by intracellular constitutive active TrkB (NTRK2) kinase domains and a solely intracellular NTRK2-fusion oncogene

Author

Gupta, Rohini, Dittmeier, Melanie, Wohlleben, Gisela, Nickl, Vera, Bischler, Thorsten, Luzak, Vanessa, Wegat, Vanessa, Doll, Dennis, Sodmann, Annemarie, Bady, Elena, Langlhofer, Georg, Wachter, Britta, Havlicek, Steven, Gupta, Jahnve, Horn, Evi, Lüningschrör, Patrick, Villmann, Carmen, Polat, Bülent, Wischhusen, Jörg, Monoranu, Camelia M., Kuper, Jochen, and Blum, Robert

Published
2024
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34. MATLAB Simulation Environment for Estimating the Minimal Number and Positions of Cameras for 3D Surface Reconstruction in a Fully-Digital Surgical Microscope

Author

Wachter Andreas, Kost Jan, and Nahm Werner

Subjects
surgical mircoscopy, 3d reconstruction, camera array, minimal number, simulation, matlab, fully digital, framework, Medicine
Abstract

Contemporary surgical microscope systems have excellent optical properties but some desirable features remain unavailable. The number of co-observers is currently restricted, by spatial and optical limitations, to only two. Moreover, ergonomics poses are a problem: Current microscope systems impede free movement and sometimes demand that surgeons take uncomfortable postures over long periods of time. To rectify these issues, some companies developed surgical microscope systems based on a streaming approach. These systems remove some of the limitations. Multi-observer positions, for example, are not independent from each other, for example. In order to overcome the aforementioned limitations, we are currently developing an approach for the next generation of surgical microscope: Namely the fully digital surgical microscope, where the current observation system is replaced with a camera array, allowing real-time 3D reconstruction of surgical scenes and, consequently, the rendering of almost unlimited views for multiple observers. These digital microscopes could make the perspective through the microscope unnecessary allowing the surgeon to move freely and work in more comfortable postures. The requirements on the camera array in such a system have to be determined. For this purpose, we propose of estimation the minimal number of cameras and their positions needed for the 3D reconstruction of microsurgical scenes. The method of estimation is based on the requirements for the 3D reconstruction. Within the MATLAB simulation environment, we have developed a 3D model of a microsurgical scene, used for the determination of the number of required cameras. In a next step a small, compact and costefficient system with few opto-mechanical components could be manufactured.

Published
2018
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35. Labor-based grading practices in the physics classroom

Author

Wachter, Jeremy M.

Subjects
Physics - Physics Education
Abstract

I describe the assessment framework of labor-based contract grading (LBCG). In a labor-based grading scheme, the time and effort ("labor") a student spends on an assignment determines the credit they receive; the contract component requires students to design projects with clearly-defined goals and deliverables which must be satisfied to earn credit. LBCG is intended to promote student agency and engagement, and to provide a more equitable assessment framework given that students come with a wide range of prior experiences and preparation. I illustrate the LBCG framework within the context of an upper level physics course, using a particular assignment as an example; I also provide information on student experiences and engagement., Comment: 21 pages / 1 figure. Accepted for publication in AJP

Published
2024

36. Correcting a Single Deletion in Reads from a Nanopore Sequencer

Author

Banerjee, Anisha, Yehezkeally, Yonatan, Wachter-Zeh, Antonia, and Yaakobi, Eitan

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

Owing to its several merits over other DNA sequencing technologies, nanopore sequencers hold an immense potential to revolutionize the efficiency of DNA storage systems. However, their higher error rates necessitate further research to devise practical and efficient coding schemes that would allow accurate retrieval of the data stored. Our work takes a step in this direction by adopting a simplified model of the nanopore sequencer inspired by Mao \emph{et al.}, which incorporates some of its physical aspects. This channel model can be viewed as a sliding window of length $\ell$ that passes over the incoming input sequence and produces the Hamming weight of the enclosed $\ell$ bits, while shifting by one position at each time step. The resulting $(\ell+1)$-ary vector, referred to as the $\ell$-\emph{read vector}, is susceptible to deletion errors due to imperfections inherent in the sequencing process. We establish that at least $\log n - \ell$ bits of redundancy are needed to correct a single deletion. An error-correcting code that is optimal up to an additive constant, is also proposed. Furthermore, we find that for $\ell \geq 2$, reconstruction from two distinct noisy $\ell$-read vectors can be accomplished without any redundancy, and provide a suitable reconstruction algorithm to this effect., Comment: Accepted at IEEE ISIT'24

Published
2024

38. Design of an experimental four-camera setup for enhanced 3D surface reconstruction in microsurgery

Author

Marzi Christian, Wachter Andreas, and Nahm Werner

Subjects
four camera system, surface reconstruction, surgical microscope, microsurgery, fully digital microscope, virtual reality, optical design, Medicine
Abstract

Future fully digital surgical visualization systems enable a wide range of new options. Caused by optomechanical limitations a main disadvantage of today’s surgical microscopes is their incapability of providing arbitrary perspectives to more than two observers. In a fully digital microscopic system, multiple arbitrary views can be generated from a 3D reconstruction. Modern surgical microscopes allow replacing the eyepieces by cameras in order to record stereoscopic videos. A reconstruction from these videos can only contain the amount of detail the recording camera system gathers from the scene. Therefore, covered surfaces can result in a faulty reconstruction for deviating stereoscopic perspectives. By adding cameras recording the object from different angles, additional information of the scene is acquired, allowing to improve the reconstruction. Our approach is to use a fixed four-camera setup as a front-end system to capture enhanced 3D topography of a pseudo-surgical scene. This experimental setup would provide images for the reconstruction algorithms and generation of multiple observing stereo perspectives. The concept of the designed setup is based on the common main objective (CMO) principle of current surgical microscopes. These systems are well established and optically mature. Furthermore, the CMO principle allows a more compact design and a lowered effort in calibration than cameras with separate optics. Behind the CMO four pupils separate the four channels which are recorded by one camera each. The designed system captures an area of approximately 28mm × 28mm with four cameras. Thus, allowing to process images of 6 different stereo perspectives. In order to verify the setup, it is modelled in silico. It can be used in further studies to test algorithms for 3D reconstruction from up to four perspectives and provide information about the impact of additionally recorded perspectives on the enhancement of a reconstruction.

Published
2017
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39. Estimation of the interpolation error of a three-step rotation algorithm using recorded images with rotated test pattern as ground truth

Author

Dicke Elisa, Wachter Andreas, and Nahm Werner

Subjects
high quality image rotation, three-step rotation method, fourier interpolation, surgical microscope, digital image processing, Medicine
Abstract

Nowadays, the surgical microscope is the goldstandard for microsurgical procedures. Additional functionalities such as surgical navigation, data injection or imageoverlay are providing additional valuable information to the surgeon. For substituting the conventional optical system by a fully-digital multi-camera setup the three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the scenery in the field of view is required. However, for in camera-based systems, an exact alignment of the cameras is a challenging task. Therefore, a final adjustment through a digital image rotation becomes necessary. Even though the digital rotation is a commonly used procedure, it leads to unavoidable errors because of the discretized grid of the image. Previous research reported in literature has demonstrated that the method of digitally rotating the images combined with the Fourier interpolation delivers the results of best quality. Nevertheless, the performance evaluation of this algorithm was carried out rotating an image in multiple threestep rotations to a total of 90 or 180 degrees and comparing it to the original image rotated in one step. This is a valid approach because a rotation of 90 or 180 degrees does not produce rotation artifacts. In this research project, we verify the performance of the three-step rotation algorithm using recorded images for which the test pattern was rotated as ground truth. A series of photographs with a rotation angle of 3 to 45 degrees was created. The advantage of this setup is that the result of the digital rotation can be directly compared to the recorded image. In addition, with the knowledge obtained about the interpolation error, we can improve pixel matching in the further triangulation used for 3D reconstruction. By doing so, the estimation of the interpolation error helps to reduce the triangulation error.

Published
2017
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41. The Effect of Gameplay on the Creative Self-Efficacy of Educators in Hypothetical Classroom Management Situations

Author

WeiHsuan Lo, Erin C. Wachter, and Chelsea R. Miller

Abstract

In an ever-changing emotional, psychological, and physically developing world of education, it is important for educators to adapt creative skills to meet learners' needs. It is paramount for educators to develop creative skills to meet the needs of their learners and demonstrate effective classroom management. There is a gap between preservice teacher preparation and the reality of the day-to-day demands of educators. Game-based learning can provide a measure to fill that gap by providing a simulated experience for preservice teachers to encounter possible challenging scenarios. This concept of educational gameplay uses interactive learning that can improve the classroom response to behavioral issues (Bada & Olusegun, 2015). Learning during play is a far superior form of training in that it stimulates multiple learning resources and can create connections that will last longer for most (Resnick, 2017). Educational games can spark creativity (Dyson et al., 2016) and enhance the preservice teacher learning experience (Johnson & Kim, 2021). This research asked how gameplay may affect the creative self-efficacy of educators in hypothetical classroom management situations. In this experimental design, a randomized cluster block was used to explore the impact on a self-report measure of creative self-efficacy before and after participants played a card game simulating challenging student behavior.

Published
2023

44. Graph models for Cybersecurity -- A Survey

Author

Wachter, Jasmin

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Graph models are helpful means of analyzing computer networks as well as complex system architectures for security. In this paper we evaluate the current state of research for representing and analysing cyber-attack using graph models, i.e. attack graph (AG) formalisms. We propose a taxonomy on attack graph formalisms, based on 70 models, which we analysed with respect to their \textit{graph semantic}, involved agents and analysis features. Additionally, we adress which formalisms allow for automatic attack graph generation from raw or processes data inputs. Our taxonomy is especially designed to help users and applied researchers identify a suitable AG model for their needs. A summary of the individual AG formalisms is provided as supplementary material.

Published
2023

45. Waveform Modelling for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author

LISA Consortium Waveform Working Group, Afshordi, Niayesh, Akçay, Sarp, Seoane, Pau Amaro, Antonelli, Andrea, Aurrekoetxea, Josu C., Barack, Leor, Barausse, Enrico, Benkel, Robert, Bernard, Laura, Bernuzzi, Sebastiano, Berti, Emanuele, Bonetti, Matteo, Bonga, Béatrice, Bozzola, Gabriele, Brito, Richard, Buonanno, Alessandra, Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro, Casals, Marc, Chernoff, David F., Chua, Alvin J. K., Clough, Katy, Colleoni, Marta, Dhesi, Mekhi, Druart, Adrien, Durkan, Leanne, Faye, Guillaume, Ferguson, Deborah, Field, Scott E., Gabella, William E., García-Bellido, Juan, Gracia-Linares, Miguel, Gerosa, Davide, Green, Stephen R., Haney, Maria, Hannam, Mark, Heffernan, Anna, Hinderer, Tanja, Helfer, Thomas, Hughes, Scott A., Husa, Sascha, Isoyama, Soichiro, Katz, Michael L., Kavanagh, Chris, Khanna, Gaurav, Kidder, Larry E., Korol, Valeriya, Küchler, Lorenzo, Laguna, Pablo, Larrouturou, François, Tiec, Alexandre Le, Leather, Benjamin, Lim, Eugene A., Lim, Hyun, Littenberg, Tyson B., Long, Oliver, Lousto, Carlos O., Lovelace, Geoffrey, Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios, Lynch, Philip, Macedo, Rodrigo P., Markakis, Charalampos, Maggio, Elisa, Mandel, Ilya, Maselli, Andrea, Mathews, Josh, Mourier, Pierre, Neilsen, David, Nagar, Alessandro, Nichols, David A., Novák, Jan, Okounkova, Maria, O'Shaughnessy, Richard, Oshita, Naritaka, O'Toole, Conor, Pan, Zhen, Pani, Paolo, Pappas, George, Paschalidis, Vasileios, Pfeiffer, Harald P., Pompili, Lorenzo, Pound, Adam, Pratten, Geraint, Rüter, Hannes R., Ruiz, Milton, Sam, Zeyd, Sberna, Laura, Shapiro, Stuart L., Shoemaker, Deirdre M., Sopuerta, Carlos F., Spiers, Andrew, Sundar, Hari, Tamanini, Nicola, Thompson, Jonathan E., Toubiana, Alexandre, Tsokaros, Antonios, Upton, Samuel D., van de Meent, Maarten, Vernieri, Daniele, Wachter, Jeremy M., Warburton, Niels, Wardell, Barry, Witek, Helvi, Witzany, Vojtěch, Yang, Huan, Zilhão, Miguel, Albertini, Angelica, Arun, K. G., Bezares, Miguel, Bonilla, Alexander, Chapman-Bird, Christian, Cownden, Bradley, Cunningham, Kevin, Devitt, Chris, Dolan, Sam, Duque, Francisco, Dyson, Conor, Fryer, Chris L., Gair, Jonathan R., Giacomazzo, Bruno, Gupta, Priti, Han, Wen-Biao, Haas, Roland, Hirschmann, Eric W., Huerta, E. A., Jetzer, Philippe, Kelly, Bernard, Khalil, Mohammed, Lewis, Jack, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Marsat, Sylvain, Nardini, Germano, Neef, Jakob, Ottewill, Adrian, Pantelidou, Christiana, Piovano, Gabriel Andres, Redondo-Yuste, Jaime, Sagunski, Laura, Stein, Leo C., Skoupý, Viktor, Sperhake, Ulrich, Speri, Lorenzo, Spieksma, Thomas F. M., Stevens, Chris, Trestini, David, and Vañó-Viñuales, Alex

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

LISA, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, will usher in a new era in gravitational-wave astronomy. As the first anticipated space-based gravitational-wave detector, it will expand our view to the millihertz gravitational-wave sky, where a spectacular variety of interesting new sources abound: from millions of ultra-compact binaries in our Galaxy, to mergers of massive black holes at cosmological distances; from the beginnings of inspirals that will venture into the ground-based detectors' view to the death spiral of compact objects into massive black holes, and many sources in between. Central to realising LISA's discovery potential are waveform models, the theoretical and phenomenological predictions of the pattern of gravitational waves that these sources emit. This white paper is presented on behalf of the Waveform Working Group for the LISA Consortium. It provides a review of the current state of waveform models for LISA sources, and describes the significant challenges that must yet be overcome., Comment: 239 pages, 11 figures, white paper from the LISA Consortium Waveform Working Group, invited for submission to Living Reviews in Relativity, updated with comments from community

Published
2023

46. Impact of Data Synthesis Strategies for the Classification of Craniosynostosis

Author

Schaufelberger, Matthias, Kühle, Reinald Peter, Wachter, Andreas, Weichel, Frederic, Hagen, Niclas, Ringwald, Friedemann, Eisenmann, Urs, Hoffmann, Jürgen, Engel, Michael, Freudlsperger, Christian, and Nahm, Werner

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Introduction: Photogrammetric surface scans provide a radiation-free option to assess and classify craniosynostosis. Due to the low prevalence of craniosynostosis and high patient restrictions, clinical data is rare. Synthetic data could support or even replace clinical data for the classification of craniosynostosis, but this has never been studied systematically. Methods: We test the combinations of three different synthetic data sources: a statistical shape model (SSM), a generative adversarial network (GAN), and image-based principal component analysis for a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based classification of craniosynostosis. The CNN is trained only on synthetic data, but validated and tested on clinical data. Results: The combination of a SSM and a GAN achieved an accuracy of more than 0.96 and a F1-score of more than 0.95 on the unseen test set. The difference to training on clinical data was smaller than 0.01. Including a second image modality improved classification performance for all data sources. Conclusion: Without a single clinical training sample, a CNN was able to classify head deformities as accurate as if it was trained on clinical data. Using multiple data sources was key for a good classification based on synthetic data alone. Synthetic data might play an important future role in the assessment of craniosynostosis.

Published
2023

47. Revitalizing grand rounds in the time of COVID

Author

Lekshmi Santhosh, Lee Anne Rosenstein, and Robert M. Wachter

Subjects
Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract COVID presented an opportunity to revolutionize the traditional format of Medical Grand Rounds (MGR). In this Commentary, we explore the educational ramifications of shifting MGR virtually with a focus on COVID-related content and its long-term sustainability. This transformation offers an inclusive interdisciplinary approach to sustain learner interest and improve education.

Published
2024
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48. Effects of baroreflex activation therapy on cardiac function and morphology

Author

Ann‐Kathrin C. Schäfer, Manuel Wallbach, Charlotte Schroer, Luca‐Yves Lehnig, Stephan Lüders, Gerhard Hasenfuß, Rolf Wachter, and Michael J. Koziolek

Subjects
Baroreflex activation therapy, Echocardiography, Electrocardiogram, Resistant hypertension, HFpEF, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Abstract Aims Arterial hypertension (aHTN) plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The risk of heart failure increases with therapy‐resistant arterial hypertension (trHTN), defined as inadequate blood pressure (BP) control ≥140/90 mmHg despite taking ≥3 antihypertensive medications including a diuretic. This study investigates the effects of the BP lowering baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) on cardiac function and morphology in patients with trHTN with and without HFpEF. Methods Sixty‐four consecutive patients who had been diagnosed with trHTN and received BAT implantation between 2012 and 2016 were prospectively observed. Office BP, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data were collected before and after BAT implantation. Results Mean patients' age was 59.1 years, 46.9% were male, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.2 kg/m2. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 38.8%, atrial fibrillation was 12.2%, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage ≥3 was 40.8%. Twenty‐eight patients had trHTN with HFpEF, and 21 patients had trHTN without HFpEF. Patients with HFpEF were significantly older (64.7 vs. 51.6 years, P

Published
2024
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49. The Integral Theory, Pelvic Floor Biomechanics, and Binary Innervation

Author

Jörgen Quaghebeur, Peter Petros, Jean-Jacques Wyndaele, and Stefan De Wachter

Subjects
anatomy, biomechanics, continence, dysfunction, pelvic floor, sphincter, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

The pelvic floor biomechanics and sphincter functioning are essential for understanding pelvic floor dysfunction and the pathophysiology of the pelvic organs. The pelvic floor consists of muscles, fascial connections and ligaments. The Integral Theory Paradigm (ITP) explains the musculoskeletal entity of the sphincter mechanism and the pathophysiology of pelvic organ function. The ITP explains the pelvic floor function determined by 3 directional muscle forces: forward, backwards and downward-acting muscle vector forces that form an anterior and posterior resultant. The resultant equilibrium is essential for urinary continence, voiding and defecation. Loose ligaments disturb the equilibrium of the pelvic floor’s muscular function with consequences for the organ function’s continence, evacuation, and sensory perception.

Published
2024
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50. Mammals show faster recovery from capture and tagging in human-disturbed landscapes

Author

Jonas Stiegler, Cara A. Gallagher, Robert Hering, Thomas Müller, Marlee Tucker, Marco Apollonio, Janosch Arnold, Nancy A. Barker, Leon Barthel, Bruno Bassano, Floris M. van Beest, Jerrold L. Belant, Anne Berger, Dean E. Beyer Jr, Laura R. Bidner, Stephen Blake, Konstantin Börner, Francesca Brivio, Rudy Brogi, Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar, Francesca Cagnacci, Jasja Dekker, Jane Dentinger, Martin Duľa, Jarred F. Duquette, Jana A. Eccard, Meaghan N. Evans, Adam W. Ferguson, Claudia Fichtel, Adam T. Ford, Nicholas L. Fowler, Benedikt Gehr, Wayne M. Getz, Jacob R. Goheen, Benoit Goossens, Stefano Grignolio, Lars Haugaard, Morgan Hauptfleisch, Morten Heim, Marco Heurich, Mark A. J. Hewison, Lynne A. Isbell, René Janssen, Anders Jarnemo, Florian Jeltsch, Jezek Miloš, Petra Kaczensky, Tomasz Kamiński, Peter Kappeler, Katharina Kasper, Todd M. Kautz, Sophia Kimmig, Petter Kjellander, Rafał Kowalczyk, Stephanie Kramer-Schadt, Max Kröschel, Anette Krop-Benesch, Peter Linderoth, Christoph Lobas, Peter Lokeny, Mia-Lana Lührs, Stephanie S. Matsushima, Molly M. McDonough, Jörg Melzheimer, Nicolas Morellet, Dedan K. Ngatia, Leopold Obermair, Kirk A. Olson, Kidan C. Patanant, John C. Payne, Tyler R. Petroelje, Manuel Pina, Josep Piqué, Joseph Premier, Jan Pufelski, Lennart Pyritz, Maurizio Ramanzin, Manuel Roeleke, Christer M. Rolandsen, Sonia Saïd, Robin Sandfort, Krzysztof Schmidt, Niels M. Schmidt, Carolin Scholz, Nadine Schubert, Nuria Selva, Agnieszka Sergiel, Laurel E. K. Serieys, Václav Silovský, Rob Slotow, Leif Sönnichsen, Erling J. Solberg, Mikkel Stelvig, Garrett M. Street, Peter Sunde, Nathan J. Svoboda, Maria Thaker, Maxi Tomowski, Wiebke Ullmann, Abi T. Vanak, Bettina Wachter, Stephen L. Webb, Christopher C. Wilmers, Filip Zieba, Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica, and Niels Blaum

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Wildlife tagging provides critical insights into animal movement ecology, physiology, and behavior amid global ecosystem changes. However, the stress induced by capture, handling, and tagging can impact post-release locomotion and activity and, consequently, the interpretation of study results. Here, we analyze post-tagging effects on 1585 individuals of 42 terrestrial mammal species using collar-collected GPS and accelerometer data. Species-specific displacements and overall dynamic body acceleration, as a proxy for activity, were assessed over 20 days post-release to quantify disturbance intensity, recovery duration, and speed. Differences were evaluated, considering species-specific traits and the human footprint of the study region. Over 70% of the analyzed species exhibited significant behavioral changes following collaring events. Herbivores traveled farther with variable activity reactions, while omnivores and carnivores were initially less active and mobile. Recovery duration proved brief, with alterations diminishing within 4–7 tracking days for most species. Herbivores, particularly males, showed quicker displacement recovery (4 days) but slower activity recovery (7 days). Individuals in high human footprint areas displayed faster recovery, indicating adaptation to human disturbance. Our findings emphasize the necessity of extending tracking periods beyond 1 week and particular caution in remote study areas or herbivore-focused research, specifically in smaller mammals.

Published
2024
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