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In this paper, a comparison is made between the four different power performance analysis methods as specified in the recently issued IEC 61400-12-1 edition 2, 2017 standard on “Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines”. These methods include various combinations of meteorological mast and/or remote sensing device (RSD) measurements with the aim to explicitly incorporate the wind shear and wind veer across a wind turbine’s rotor plane. Also, this standard introduces for the first time the use of RSDs for power curve testing. The differences between these four methods are analyzed in terms of the power curve, the Annual Energy Production (AEP) and their uncertainty contributions. A test was performed at the ECN Wind turbine Test site Wieringermeer on a 2.5MW research machine, including a meteorological mast reaching close to tip height and a Leosphere WindCube V2 ground-based LiDAR. It was found that the case that combines the hub-height wind speed measurement of the anemometers assisted by the LiDAR at several heights shows the highest power curve and AEP values and the lowest uncertainty estimate. The case of the tall met-mast which uses only measurements from the anemometers at several heights shows the lowest AEP values and the highest uncertainty estimate. Furthermore, it was found that using the Rotor Equivalent Wind Speed (REWS) leads to a reduction in the standard deviation of the power output and therefore, in the uncertainties of the power curve as compared to the hub-height wind speed measurements

32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2217-2220, Outdoor or just on site analyzes of photovoltaic modules can offer some advantages in comparison to indoor Lab studies. In this way the electrical performance is monitored and logged under natural operating conditions in full range of irradiation and temperature. The entirety of monitored IV data allows deriving low-light characteristics of electric parameters, temperature coefficients and root cause analysis for possible degradation. We apply so-called self-reference algorithm in order to increase the accuracy of analysis. The improved precision is due to application of effective acting irradiation and effective temperature instead of externally measured data. Effective irradiation is determined in self-referencing scheme: the short circuit current of the module is assigned to the irradiation. This assignment has to be calibrated, preferably at standard test conditions for irradiation. In this contribution we demonstrate a process of precise measurement of Isc under clear-sky outdoor conditions and the determination of the short circuit current for STC. The measurement method avoids errors by spectral deviations with respect to AM 1.5G spectrum, by optical reflection losses for high angles of incidence and errors by high albedo impact. In particular we investigate comparatively a CdTe module under outdoor conditions and by means a calibrated indoor Lab flasher.

BACKGROUND The scheduled update to the German S3 guidelines on fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies ("Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften", AWMF; registration number 041/004) was planned starting in March 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS The development of the guidelines was coordinated by the German Interdisciplinary Association for Pain Therapy ("Deutsche Interdisziplinaren Vereinigung fur Schmerztherapie", DIVS), 9 scientific medical societies and 2 patient self-help organizations. Eight working groups with a total of 50 members were evenly balanced in terms of gender, medical field, potential conflicts of interest and hierarchical position in the medical and scientific fields. Literature searches were performed using the Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases (until December 2010). The grading of the strength of the evidence followed the scheme of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The formulation and grading of recommendations was accomplished using a multi-step, formal consensus process. The guidelines were reviewed by the boards of the participating scientific medical societies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A diagnosis of FMS should be explicitly communicated with the afflicted individual. A step-wise treatment, depending on the severity of FMS and the responses to therapeutic measures, is recommended. Therapy should only be continued if the positive effects outweigh the side effects. The English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink (under "Supplemental").

31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1964-1966, An experimental set up is presented for fast and precise outdoor characterization of PV modules. Low light curves of electrical parameters of IV curves are determined by day to day natural variations of irradiation and temperatures under field conditions. The temperature variation is additionally regulated by a test bench using a silicone rubber heater which is in good thermal contact to the module. The precise IV characterization is achieved by using so called self-reference algorithm. This approach reduces significantly the uncertainties for irradiation and temperature which are operating at the cell’s pn-junction. Very low changes of module parameters are detectable. The active heating element can also be used to achieve temperatures of hot climate zones and allows electrical tests of PV modules for nearly each temperate zone of the world.

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA fingerprinting was investigated as a tool for fast and accurate identification of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to the species level. One hundred and thirty five reference strains and 15 additional strains, representing the 50 recognized species of the family Acetobacteraceae, were subjected to AFLP analysis using the restriction enzyme combination ApaI/TaqI and the primer combination A03/T03. The reference strains were previously subjected to either DNA-DNA hybridizations or 16S-23S rDNA spacer region sequence analysis and were regarded as being accurately classified to the species level. The present study revealed that six of these strains have to be reclassified, namely Gluconacetobacter europaeus LMG 1518 and Gluconacetobacter xylinus LMG 1510 as Gluconacetobacter xylinus and Gluconacetobacter europaeus, respectively; Gluconacetobacter kombuchae LMG 23726T as Gluconacetobacter hansenii; and Acetobacter orleanensis LMG 1545, LMG 1592 and LMG 1608 as Acetobacter cerevisiae. Cluster analysis of the AFLP DNA fingerprints of the reference strains revealed one cluster for each species, showing a linkage level below 50 % with other clusters, except for Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter indonesiensis, and Acetobacter cerevisiae. The latter species were separated into two, two, and three clusters, respectively. The AFLP data further supported to classify Gluconacetobacter oboediens and Gluconacetobacter intermedius, for which at present confusion exists concerning their taxonomic status, as different taxa. The 15 additional strains could all be identified to the species level. AFLP analysis further revealed that some species harbour genetically diverse strains, whereas other species consist of strains showing similar banding patterns, indicating a more limited genetic diversity. It can be concluded that AFLP DNA fingerprinting is suitable for accurate identification and classification of a broad range of AAB, as well as for determination of intraspecific genetic diversity.

Differentiation of species