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In this work, fungal mushroom-derived carboxymethyl chitosan-polydopamine hydrogels (FCMCS-PDA) with multifunctionality (tissue adhesive, hemostasis, self-healing, and antibacterial properties) were developed for wound dressing applications. The hydrogel is obtained through dynamic Schiff base cross-linking and hydrogen bonds between FCMCS-PDA and covalently cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) networks. The FCMCS-PDA-PAM hydrogels have a good swelling ratio, biodegradable properties, excellent mechanical properties, and a highly interconnected porous structure with PDA microfibrils. Interestingly, the PDA microfibrils were formed along with FCMCS fibers in the hydrogel networks, which has a high impact on the biological performance of hydrogels. The maximum adhesion strength of the hydrogel to porcine skin was achieved at about 29.6 ± 2.9 kPa. The hydrogel had good self-healing and recoverable properties. The PDA-containing hydrogels show good antibacterial properties on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. Moreover, the adhesive hydrogels depicted good viability and attachment of skin fibroblasts and keratinocyte cells. Importantly, FCMCS and PDA combined resulted in fast blood coagulation within 60 s. Hence, the adhesive hydrogel with multifunctionality has excellent potential as a wound dressing material for infected wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Bacterial infections are a serious issue in wound healing. Extensive use of biocides in wound dressings have raised concerns of biocide resistance and unnecessary harm to normal skin cells. In this paper, we report a new approach to realize bacteria-triggered release of a biocide to the sites of bacterial infections from core-shell polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based nanofibers prepared by coaxial electrospinning. The hydrophobic PHA-based shell can prevent the biocide from undesirable payload release in physiological environments without pathogens. However, in the presence of pathogens, the PHA-based shell is degraded by the pathogens, and the encapsulated biocide is released. The released biocide subsequently can exert targeted antimicrobial effects on the bacteria. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model bacterium and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride as a model biocide, we demonstrated that the core-shell PHA-based nanofibers effectively released encapsulated dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resulting in targeted inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. Unique core-shell nanofibers were successfully fabricated from PHAs generated by bacteria. An on-demand release of biocide was achieved from a PHA-based core-shell nanofibours membrane. The membrane's mechanical properties closely match those of the human skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Novel nanocomposite membrane based on polyurethane incorporated with garlic was fabricated using electrospinning technique for wound healing applications. Morphological analysis indicated that the incorporation of garlic into the polyurethane (PU) matrix resulted in reduction of fiber diameter and pore size compared to the pristine PU. Infrared analysis revealed the possible interaction of garlic with the PU through hydrogen bond formation. The contact angle studies and roughness measurements revealed the improved wettability and increased surface roughness of the fabricated composite compared to the pristine PU. The blood compatibility assay revealed the faster blood clotting time for the fabricated nanocomposites than the pristine PU. Furthermore, the fabricated nanocomposites showed less hemolytic index compared to the pristine PU suggesting their safety to red blood cells. Hence, with those advanced qualities PU blended with grapes may serve as a valuable candidate for wound dressing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this report, a novel wound dressing material has been woven by electrospinning technique and tested for its various properties. For the nanofibre mat, a mixture of polyurethane (PU) and soy protein isolate (SPI) was electrospun in conjugation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CipHCl) to produce fibrous mats viz. PU/SPI/ZnO and PU/SPI/CipHCl. An optimum ratio (1 : 1) of PU/SPI was used as suitable polymeric ratio in order to produce homogenous nanofibres without beads having an average diameter in the range of 300–350 nm. The electrospun nanofibre‐based mats were characterised using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the nanofibrous mats were tested using universal testing machine. The wettability analysis was done using the contact angle measurement based on the sessile drop test. This study revealed that the electrospun PU/SPI‐based nanofibres are non‐sensitizing, non‐allergic and non‐toxic and that it can be used as a peculiar wound healing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...