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Objective: Cancer, the second leading cause of death globally, disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nigeria. World Cancer Day (WCD) is one of several interventions to increase awareness of the disease. Bayelsa State is desirous of reducing its cancer burden and is making efforts in that regard. The objective of this paper is to describe the activities conducted in the oil-rich and cancer-prone Bayelsa State of Nigeria to commemorate WCD 2022. Materials and Methods: A coalition of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) spearheaded the marking of WCD 2022 in the state. Several activities, including advocacy visits, awareness campaigns on air and in the streets and screening for preventable cancers, were organized. Results: Seventeen NGOs participated in the WCD 2022 activities that involved the eight local government areas (districts) in the state. More than a hundred persons participated in the walk that traversed a major road in the capital. Many people were screened for cancer and a large audience was reached with key messages of the day through the different media deployed for the campaign. Conclusions: The WCD 2022 built on the previous edition that was held in 2021. With the injection of adequate resources and support from government and non-governmental bodies, cancer care can be improved, and the burden of the disease can be significantly reduced in Bayelsa State and Nigeria at large.

Objective: World Cancer Day (WCD) observed annually every 4th February has become a rallying point to create awareness and galvanise action globally to fight cancer. This paper describes the activities carried out in the oil-rich Bayelsa State of Nigeria to commemorate WCD 2021. Materials and Methods: Two non-governmental bodies collaborated to organise a series of campaign activities. These included health talks in clinics and on air, and a road walk that enjoyed the participation of other stakeholders in cancer control in the state. Results: Health talks and screening for the leading cancers were carried out in clinics and religious houses in all the eight districts of the state. Radio and television stations hosted talks on cancer prevention and control and over a hundred persons participated in the road walk. A large audience was reached with key messages of the day through the different media deployed for the campaign. Conclusions: WCD 2021 was able to sensitise residents of Bayelsa State to the growing burden of cancer and stimulated them to action. With sustained effort and commitment of all stakeholders, the state may soon have a well-established Cancer Control Programme and set the pace for other states in Nigeria.

The article offers cancer news briefs, as of January 2021. The World Cancer Day was celebrated on February 4, 2021 by the l'Union internationale contre le cancer (UICC) to increase the awareness on cancer by education and governmental actions. The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) has published recommendations on chemotherapy-induced alopecia and hormone therapy. Breastfeeding is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer.

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2014, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2015, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2018, 1,735,350 new cancer cases and 609,640 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2005-2014) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the cancer death rate (2006-2015) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. The combined cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2015 by a total of 26%, translating to approximately 2,378,600 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Of the 10 leading causes of death, only cancer declined from 2014 to 2015. In 2015, the cancer death rate was 14% higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) overall (death rate ratio [DRR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.13-1.15), but the racial disparity was much larger for individuals aged <65 years (DRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.29-1.32) compared with those aged ≥65 years (DRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09) and varied substantially by state. For example, the cancer death rate was lower in NHBs than NHWs in Massachusetts for all ages and in New York for individuals aged ≥65 years, whereas for those aged <65 years, it was 3 times higher in NHBs in the District of Columbia (DRR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.16-3.91) and about 50% higher in Wisconsin (DRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.56-2.02), Kansas (DRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81), Louisiana (DRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.38-1.60), Illinois (DRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.39-1.57), and California (DRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.38-1.54). Larger racial inequalities in young and middle-aged adults probably partly reflect less access to high-quality health care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:7-30. © 2018 American Cancer Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background AS1411 is a 26-mer G-rich DNA oligonucleotide that forms a variety of G-quadruplex structures. It was identified based on its cancer-selective antiproliferative activity and subsequently determined to be an aptamer to nucleolin, a multifunctional protein that preferentially binds quadruplex nucleic acids and which is present at high levels on the surface of cancer cells. AS1411 has exceptionally efficient cellular internalization compared to non-quadruplex DNA sequences. Scope of review Recent developments related to AS1411 will be examined, with a focus on its use for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents. Major conclusions Numerous research groups have used AS1411 as a targeting agent to deliver nanoparticles, oligonucleotides, and small molecules into cancer cells. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that AS1411-linked materials can accumulate selectively in tumors following systemic administration. The mechanism underlying the cancer-targeting ability of AS1411 is not completely understood, but recent studies suggest a model that involves: (1) initial uptake by macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis prevalent in cancer cells; (2) stimulation of macropinocytosis by a nucleolin-dependent mechanism resulting in further uptake; and (3) disruption of nucleolin-mediated trafficking and efflux leading to cargoes becoming trapped inside cancer cells. Significance Human trials have indicated that AS1411 is safe and can induce durable remissions in a few patients, but new strategies are needed to maximize its clinical impact. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which AS1411 targets and kills cancer cells may hasten the development of promising technologies using AS1411-linked nanoparticles or conjugates for cancer-targeted therapy and imaging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background It is unknown whether performing a core needle biopsy (CNB) to diagnose breast cancer increases the incidence of isolated tumor cells (ITC) in the axillary sentinel lymph nodes. Methods Patients diagnosed with unilateral invasive pT1 breast cancer (≤2 cm in diameter, n = 1525) at a single center between February 2001 and August 2005 were included in this prospective observational cohort study. The patients were categorized into two groups according to the type of the preoperative breast needle biopsy performed, the CNB and the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) groups, and followed up for a median of 9.5 years after breast surgery. Results 868 (56.9%) patients had FNAC and 657 (43.2%) CNB. In the subset of patients with no axillary metastases (pN0, n = 1005) 70 patients had ITC, 37 (4.3%) out of the 546 patients in FNAC group and 33 (5.0%) out of the 459 patients in the CNB group ( p = 0.798). The type of tumor biopsy did not influence breast cancer-specific survival ( p = 0.461) or local recurrence-free survival ( p = 0.814) in univariable survival analyses. Overall, survival favored the CNB group in a univariable analysis, but no difference in survival emerged in a multivariable analysis ( p = 0.718). Conclusions CNB was not associated with a greater incidence of ITC in axillary lymph nodes as compared with FNAC, and did not have an adverse effect on survival outcomes in a patient population treated with modern adjuvant therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Gastric cancer (GC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Successful early cancer detection is hampered by lack of highly sensitive and specific biomarkers. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to an aggressive carcinogenic phenotype of many cancers. We hypothesized that changes in the mitochondrial proteome are required to support development of GC. Methods: TMT method followed by mass spectrometry analysis was utilized to quantify alterations in protein abundance in mitochondria enriched between noncancer and gastric cancer tissues. Results: Of a total data set that included 738 identified proteins, about 40.1% were found to be mitochondrial and associated proteins. Among them, 234 proteins were at least 1.5-fold up- or down-regulated in the gastric cancer compared with the adherent normal tissues. A number of markers (e.g. HSP70, HSP60, HSP90, leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing (LRPPRC), SOD2 and cathepsin B) were previously reported as biomarkers of GC. Additionally, several potential biomarkers participated in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and active fatty acid oxidation were firstly identified differentially expressed in GC samples. Our findings also suggest that VDAC1 may be a novel biomarker for GC. Conclusion: The results show that subcellular proteomics of tumor tissue is feasible and a promising avenue for exploring oncogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On February, 2014 World Cancer Day (WCD) was established to raise alertness of cancer and to encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment. In fact, WCD is celebrated every year on the 4th of February all over the world to commemorate all the accomplishments of the WHO. In this paper, we aimed to present the scientific evidence for the role of antioxidants in cancer. Damage to cells by reactive oxygen species, especially the damage to DNA, has been found to play a crucial role in the development of cancer. Exogenous antioxidants can prevent free radical damage associated with cancer development. However, whether or not taking dietary antioxidants can prevent or reduce the risk of developing cancer in humans is not clear. Some researchers have suggested that antioxidants counteract with drugs or toxins, which induce oxidative stress and hence prevent damage to cells or body organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrational spectroscopy analyses vibrations within a molecule and can be used to characterise a molecular structure. Raman spectroscopy is one of the vibrational spectroscopic techniques, in which incident radiation is used to induce vibrations in the molecules of a sample, and the scattered radiation may be used to characterise the sample in a rapid and non-destructive manner. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a complementary vibrational spectroscopic technique based on the absorption of IR radiation by the sample. Molecules absorb specific frequencies of the incident light which are characteristic of their structure. IR and Raman spectroscopy are sensitive to subtle biochemical changes occurring at the molecular level allowing spectral variations corresponding to disease onset to be detected. Over the past 15 years, there have been numerous reports demonstrating the potential of IR and Raman spectroscopy together with multivariate statistical analysis techniques for the detection of a variety of cancers including, breast, lung, brain, colon, oral, oesophageal, prostate and cervical cancer. This paper discusses the recent advances and the future perspectives in relation to cancer screening applications, focussing on cervical and oral cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of this study was to test for moderating effects of patient characteristics on self-management interventions developed to address symptoms during cancer treatment. Patient's age, education, and depressive symptomatology were considered as potential moderators. Methods A secondary analysis of data of 782 patients from two randomized clinical trials was performed. Both trials enrolled patients with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy. After completing baseline interviews, patients were randomized to a nurse-delivered intervention versus intervention delivered by a 'coach' in trial I and to a nurse-delivered intervention versus an intervention delivered by an automated voice response system in trial II. In each of the two trials, following a six-contact 8-week intervention, patients were interviewed at week 10 to assess the primary outcome of symptom severity. Results Although nurse-delivered intervention proved no better than the coach or automated system in lowering symptom severity, important differences in the intervention by age were found in both trials. Patients aged ≤45 years responded better to the coach or automated system, whereas those aged ≥75 years favored the nurse. Education and depressive symptomatology did not modify the intervention effects in either of the two trials. Depressive symptomatology had a significant main effect on symptom severity at week 10 in both trials ( p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively). Education was not associated with symptom severity over and above age and depressive symptomatology. Conclusions Clinicians need to carefully consider the age of the population when using or testing interventions to manage symptoms among cancer patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Previous studies investigating the association between EPHX1 polymorphisms (Tyr113His and His139Arg) and cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation of relationship between two EPHX1 polymorphisms and risk of different types of cancer. Methods Data were extracted from relevant studies detected by a systematic literature search. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association between EPHX1 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Results This meta-analysis carefully collected 99 studies on these two polymorphisms and cancer risk published up to March 2014, consisting of 45 studies (20,091 cases and 27,396 controls) for Tyr113His and 54 studies (19,437 cases and 27,289 controls) for His139Arg. The results in overall population did not show any significant association between these two polymorphisms and cancer risk for all genetic models. However, EPHX1 Tyr113His homozygote individuals have a significantly increased risk of cancer among Asians (homozygote model: OR =1.46, 95% CI=1.05-2.03; recessive model: OR =1.39, 95% CI =1.10-1.76) and mixed population (homozygote model: OR =1.17, 95% CI =1.02-1.34; recessive model: OR =1.17, 95% CI =1.02-1.33), but not Caucasians. Conclusion His/His genotype of EPHX1 Tyr113His polymorphism are a risk factor for developing caner for Asian and mixed population, while no evidence was found for the association between the EPHX1 His139Arg polymorphism and increased cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Recent evidence suggests that aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by Gli transcription factors is characteristic of a variety of aggressive human carcinomas including gastric cancer. Speckle-type POZ protein, SPOP, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor, and it is found to inhibit oncogenic signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods In this study, we characterized the expression of SPOP in 88 pairs of gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The relationship between SPOP expression and clinical pathologic factors was analyzed. Transfected gastric cancer cell lines were used in cell viability, wound healing and colony formation assays. The interaction of SPOP with Gli2 and other related apoptotic proteins was assessed by immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, real-time PCR and dual luciferase reporter assays. Intracellular interaction of SPOP and Gli2 was visualized by immunofluorescent staining in gastric cancer cells. Results Immunohistochemical staining of SPOP can be detected in gastric cancer tissues but much less than adjacent gastric tissues (P < 0.01). High SPOP expression is negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, poor histological differentiation, and tumor malignancy according to TNM staging. In vitro experiments revealed that over-expression of SPOP prevented tumor cells from proliferation, migration and colony formation in gastric cancer cell lines. Likewise, repression of SPOP promoted cell viability, migration, proliferation, and attenuated apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that increasing SPOP accelerated Gli2 degradation but regardless of Gli2 synthesis. Furthermore, cytoplasmic Gli2 decreased markedly along with the abundant expression of SPOP in MKN45 cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that SPOP plays critical roles in suppressing gastric tumorigenesis through inhibiting Hh/Gli2 signaling pathway. It may provide an alternative strategy for developing therapeutic agents of gastric cancer in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose ▶ This study sought to identify the needs and unmet needs of the growing number of adult cancer survivors. Methods ▶ Vermont survivor advocates partnered with academic researchers to create a survivor registry and conduct a cross-sectional survey of cancer-related needs and unmet needs of adult survivors. The mailed survey addressed 53 specific needs in 5 domains based on prior research, contributions from the research partners, and pilot testing. Results were summarized by computing proportions who reported having needs met or unmet. Results c Survey participants included 1668 of 2005 individuals invited from the survivor registry (83%); 65.7% were ages 60 or older and 61.9% were women. These participants had received their diagnosis 2 to 16 years earlier; 77.5% had been diagnosed =5 years previously; 30.2% had at least one unmet need in the emotional, social, and spiritual (E) domain; just 14.4% had at least one unmet need in the economic and legal domain. The most commonly identified individual unmet needs were in the E and the information (I) domains and included "help reducing stress" (14.8% of all respondents) and "information about possible after effects of treatment" (14.4%). Conclusions ▶ Most needs of these longer-term survivors were met, but substantial proportions of survivors identified unmet needs. Unmet needs such as information about late and long-term adverse effects of treatment could be met within clinical care with a cancer survivor care plan, but some survivors may require referral to services focused on stress and coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Human breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease classified by molecular subtyping into luminal A, luminal B, HER2-overexpressing, basal-like, claudin-low and normal-breast like. The routinely applied and standardized immunohistochemical-based surrogates of this classification group together the last three entities as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs) that show the most diverse and complex heterogeneity and represent a therapeutic challenge. In the present work 156 feline mammary lesions consisting of feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs), benign neoplasms, and hyperplastic/dysplastic tissues were evaluated histologically and by immunohistochemistry for expression of basal and luminal cytokeratins (CK), vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, calponin, estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (a), and progesterone receptor (PR). Thirty-seven FMCs with 27 matched non-neoplastic controls were also investigated for gene expression of ERa, ER beta, PR, and HER2. Results A large group of hormone receptors (HRs)-negative aggressive carcinomas - that did not overexpress HER2 - could be distinguished from the less aggressive (10.8%) and benign (8%) HRs + tumors, that showed bilineage (luminal and myoepithelial) differentiation. Immunohistochemical evaluations of cytoplasmic filaments indicated that HRs- FMCs are vimentin+, CK14+, and CK5_6+ carcinomas that may resemble the TNBCs (basal like/claudin low) described in women. The identification of luminal and myoepithelial progenitors within the mammary ductal system suggested potential cells/sites of origin of these tumors. A diffuse and never previously described CKs/vimentin luminal cell coexpression was detected in the non-neoplastic ducts, indicating a potential bilineage progenitor. Conclusions These results indicate and potentially explain the high incidence of triple-negative, vimentin + aggressive tumors in cats that may used to elucidate some of the challenging features of TNBCs in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The PIK3CA gene mutation was found to associate with prognosis and might affect molecular targeted therapy in esophageal carcinoma (EC). The aim of this study is to compare different methods for analyzing the PIK3CA gene mutation in EC. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from 106 surgically resected EC patient tissues. The PIK3CA mutation status (exons 9 and 20) were screened by mutant-enrich liquid chip (MELiquidchip), Sanger sequencing, and pyrosequencing. And all samples with mutations were independently reassessed using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) methods again. Results PIK3CA mutation rates were identified as 11.3% (12/106) by ME-Liquidchip. 10 mutations occurred in exon 9 and 2 in exon 20, including G1624A:E542K (n = 4), G1633A:E545K (n = 6) and A3140G:H1047R (n = 2). The results were further verified by ARMS methods. Among these 12 cases characterized for PIK3CA mutation, however, only 7 and 6 cases were identified by Sanger sequencing (6.6%,7/106) and pyrosequencing (5.7%,6/106), respectively. Conclusion Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing are less sensitive and are not efficiently applicable to the detection of PIK3CA mutation in EC samples. Choosing between ME-Liquidchip and ARMS will depend on laboratory facilities and expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:To compare different ultrasound-based international ovarian tumour analysis (IOTA) strategies and risk of malignancy index (RMI) for ovarian cancer diagnosis using a meta-analysis approach of centre-specific data from IOTA3.Methods:This prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study included 2403 patients with 1423 benign and 980 malignant adnexal masses from 2009 until 2012. All patients underwent standardised transvaginal ultrasonography. Test performance of RMI, subjective assessment (SA) of ultrasound findings, two IOTA risk models (LR1 and LR2), and strategies involving combinations of IOTA simple rules (SRs), simple descriptors (SDs) and LR2 with and without SA was estimated using a meta-analysis approach. Reference standard was histology after surgery.Results:The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves of LR1, LR2, SA and RMI were 0.930 (0.917-0.942), 0.918 (0.905-0.930), 0.914 (0.886-0.936) and 0.875 (0.853-0.894). Diagnostic one-step and two-step strategies using LR1, LR2, SR and SD achieved summary estimates for sensitivity 90-96%, specificity 74-79% and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 32.8-50.5. Adding SA when IOTA methods yielded equivocal results improved performance (DOR 57.6-75.7). Risk of Malignancy Index had sensitivity 67%, specificity 91% and DOR 17.5.Conclusions:This study shows all IOTA strategies had excellent diagnostic performance in comparison with RMI. The IOTA strategy chosen may be determined by clinical preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, major efforts have been devoted to the application of microscopy with mid-infrared light to the study of living cells and tissue. Despite this interest, infrared (IR) microscopy has not realized its full potential in the molecular characterization of living systems. This is partly due to the fact that current approaches for data mining and analysis of IR absorption spectra have not evolved comparably to measurement technology and are not up to the interpretation of the complex spectra of living systems such as cells and tissue. In this work we show that the use of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy coupled to IR absorption spectro-microscopy allows us to extract the spectral components of individual metabolites from time-resolved IR spectra of living cells. We call this method correlated cellular spectro-microscopy, and we implement it in the study of the glycolytic metabolism of cancer cells. We show that the method can detect intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, quantify their rate of formation, and correlate this with variations in pH, all in a single measurement. We propose the method as a useful tool for the quantitative description of metabolic processes in living cells and for the validation of drug candidates aimed at suppressing glycolysis in cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An observational study is a type of epidemiological study when the researcher observes the situation but is not able to change the conditions of the experiment. The statistical analysis of the observational study of the population of Lermontov city (North Caucasus) was conducted. In the initial group, there were 121 people with lung cancer diagnosis and 196 people of the control group. Statistical analysis was performed only for men (95 cases and 76 controls). The use of logistic regression with correction on age gives the value of odds ratio 1.95 (0.87 ÷ 4.37; 90 % CI) per 100 working levels per month of combined (occupational and domestic) radon exposure. It was demonstrated that chronic lung diseases are an additional risk factor for uranium miners but it is not a significant risk factor for general population. Thus, the possibility of obtaining statistically reliable results in the observational studies when using the correct methods of analysis is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results from epidemiological studies on lung cancer and radon exposure in dwellings and mines led to a significant revision of recommendations and regulations of international organisations, such as WHO, IAEA, Nordic Countries, European Commission. Within the European project RADPAR, scientists from 18 institutions of 14 European countries worked together for 3 y (2009–12). Among other reports, a comprehensive booklet of recommendations was produced with the aim that they should be useful both for countries with a well-developed radon programme and for countries with little experience on radon issues. In this paper, the main RADPAR recommendations on radon programmes and policies are described and discussed. These recommendations should be very useful in preparing a national action plan, required by the recent Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southern Africa has the largest burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the world. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is increasingly being made available in the region. The disease has shifted from being a death sentence to that of a chronic disorder with the availability of HAART. The morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the developed world seems to be shifting from that of opportunistic infection to malignancy, particularly non-AIDS-defining cancer. A similar trend may be imminent in the developing world owing to the availability of HAART. Squamous cell cancer of the anus is a cancer with a seemingly increasing incidence in PLWHA. This review explores the possible impact that a rise in the incidence of squamous cell cancer of the anus would have on the region, and strategies that may be employed to identify and counteract this escalation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on oral cancer and World Cancer Day. Topics discussed includes objective of World Cancer Day to reduce the illness and deaths caused by cancer, uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells in cancer patients, development of cancer in the oral cavity or oropharynx, early symptoms of oral cancer including throat soreness, bump in the neck and pain in one ear and diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.

Background: The use of Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) had been recently increased in patients with locally advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the effect of the interval between the last chemotherapy cycle and start of surgery had not been studied well. Patients and methods: Thirty patients with advanced EOC were treated with NAC followed by cytoreductive surgery. These patients were divided into two groups, 15 patients each, Group A: Underwent IDS within 42 days from last cycle of chemotherapy. Group B: Underwent IDS after 42 days from last cycle of chemotherapy. Results: all patients in this study received NAC and underwent IDS, 27 patients (90% of cases) of both groups received postoperative chemotherapy. TAH & BSO was performed for all patients, 27 patients (90%) in both groups had infra-colic omentectomy (14 Group I & 13 in Group II), 6 patients (20%) (3 Group I & 3 in Group II) had small bowel resection and anastomosis. Lymphadenectomy (pelvic) was performed for 3 patients (16%) (2 Group I & 1 in Group II) and they were involved pathologically. Optimum cytoreduction was achieved in 15 patients in Group I (100% of cases of Group I) compared to 3 patients in Group II (20% of cases of Group II). Conclusion: The optimal timing for standard cytoreduction was within 42 days from last NAC cycle, longer interval between NAC and IDS has an adverse effect on the patient outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that the World Health Organization has announced February 4 as the World Cancer Day.

The article presents the author's view on the status of the global community initiatives for addressing cancer. Topics discussed include the author's assessment of the World Cancer Day commemoration on February 4, 2016, the initiatives adopted by the global community for cancer, and a brief description of the initiatives proposed by the World Bank and Uruguayan President Tabare Vazquez for cancer intervention.

The article presents a case study that reviews the prospectively accrued multidisciplinary team (MDT) in response to the demand of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland to require surgeon-specific data on surgical outcomes for elective colorectal cancer resections. It offers brief details of the study which looks at the 90-day mortality in 266 unselected consecutive patients. It notes the result of the study which indicates the importance of MDT data.

The article discusses prevalence and prevention of oral cancer in India on topics including World Cancer Day observed on February 4 with the tagline "We can. I can;" an Oral Cancer Foundation formed by the Indian Dental Association; and aim of the periodical to educate people about dental ailments.

The article reports on various activities on the World Cancer Day, declared by Union for International Cancer Control on February 4, 2017, held at the K.D. Dental College in Mathura, India including an Oral Cancer Awareness march, street play on tobacco's side effects, and dental screening camps.

The author reflects upon the importance of the World Cancer Day, founded by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and observed on February 4, to raise awareness on cancer's prevention, diagnosis and treatment and stresses on dentists' role in detection and prevention of oral cancer.

World Cancer Day (WCD) is celebrated on February 4th each year around the world to remind the efforts done by united nations, World Health Organization (WHO), and other governmental and non-governmental health organizations with the aim of delivering the real message about cancer and its treatments to fight against this fatal disease through uniting all the people on global basis (1-4). In brief, cancer is a large group of different disorders involving unregulated cell growth. In malignancy, cells divide and grow uncontrollably to form malignant tumors and to invade neighboring parts of the body. The cancer tumor may spread to more distant parts of the body through blood or lymphatic systems (5-8). It has been observed that most of the cancer cases and related deaths happen in less developed countries that this situation is expected to get worse by 2030. Therefore, it is very crucial to get control over such condition throughout the world. Furthermore, WCD aims to save millions of preventable deaths every year by raising alertness and by educating people about malignancy, while forcing the governments throughout the world to take action against this disease (2-8). The day is also a key chance for cancer patients to ensure that world leaders stick to the promises they made at the United Nations Summit for reducing the cancer and its impacts. During this particular occasion, participants try to promote healthy lifestyles, balanced diet, regular physical activity, weight management, as well as using antioxidants in order to diminish the risk of malignancies (1-8). Furthermore, this day is celebrated to plan certain new strategies and to imply various new programs in order to make people aware of this disorder. WCD is also celebrated to make non-patient people aware about the preventive methods and the risk factors of cancer (2-8). The theme of WCD of 2014 is "Debunk the Myths" because some people believe that if they contact or live with a patient who has cancer, they would get cancer as well. The day is, therefore, distinguished to eradicate such types of the social myths (5-13) and to make certain concepts about different aspects of the malignancy, such as its symptoms, causing factors and treatment (1, 3, 9). Furthermore, on this day, some of activities are organized to indicate that cancer patients should not be treated distinctly, while they are entitled to the same rights as normal people in the society (14-19). Although they have less chances of existence, they should be fulfilled their wishes by their relatives. It should not make them sense that the treatment remedies are given them for existence as they are dying. In this regards, it is very important to make them feel better like a normal person. They should be also prepared a normal environment in their home and society. It is essential that normal people avoid being overly sympathetic to them (20-27). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the prevention of lung cancer, wherein it states that prevention is better than advances in the cancer's detection and treatment. Topics mentioned include the lung-cancer-related mortality, utilization of video-assisted techniques, and molecular targeted therapies. It also state the World Lung Cancer Day on August 1, 2016.

The article offers information regarding the professional organization of dentists in India Indian Dental Association (IDA). Topics discussed includes information regarding IDA branches spread throughout the country, aim of the association to assure oral health for every Indian, ignorance among people regarding importance of oral health and aim and objectives of World Cancer Day.

The article focuses on the World Cancer Day observed on February 4 each year. Topics discussed includes opportunity provided by the World Cancer Day to unite against cancer epidemic, creating awareness among people regarding fatal effects of cancer, reducing cancer epidemic by introducing effective preventive policies by the policy makers, risk of cancer due to malnutrition and poor dental health and habits causing oral cancer including tobacco use, areca nut consumption and alcohol abuse.

Introduction: Mammography screening results in a significant number of false-positives. The use of pretest breast cancer risk factors to guide follow-up of abnormal mammograms could improve the positive predictive value of screening. We evaluated the use of the Gail model, body mass index (BMI), and genetic markers to predict cancer diagnosis among women with abnormal mammograms. We also examined the extent to which pretest risk factors could reclassify women without cancer below the biopsy threshold.Methods: We recruited a prospective cohort of women referred for biopsy with abnormal (BI-RADS 4) mammograms according to the American College of Radiology's Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Breast cancer risk factors were assessed prior to biopsy. A validated panel of 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer were measured. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of Gail risk factors, BMI and SNPs with cancer diagnosis (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ). Model discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. The distribution of predicted probabilities of a cancer diagnosis were compared for women with or without breast cancer.Results: In the multivariate model, age (odds ratio (OR)=1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 1.08; P<0.001), SNP panel relative risk (OR=2.30; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.99, P=0.035) and BMI (≥30 kg/m2 versus <25 kg/m(2); OR=2.20; 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.58; P=0.036) were significantly associated with breast cancer diagnosis. Older women were more likely than younger women to be diagnosed with breast cancer. The SNP panel relative risk remained strongly associated with breast cancer diagnosis after multivariable adjustment. Higher BMI was also strongly associated with increased odds of a breast cancer diagnosis. Obese women (OR=2.20; 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.58; P=0.036) had more than twice the odds of cancer diagnosis compared to women with a BMI<25 kg/m2. The SNP panel appeared to have predictive ability among both white and black women.Conclusions: Breast cancer risk factors, including BMI and genetic markers, are predictive of cancer diagnosis among women with BI-RADS 4 mammograms. Using pretest risk factors to guide follow-up of abnormal mammograms could reduce the burden of false-positive mammograms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about a cancer surgical conference organized on the World Cancer Day in cooperation with the Society of Oncology and College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) at CPSP Regional Center in Lahore.

The author reflects on World Cancer Day which is celebrated on February 4 every year and prevention of cancer. The World Cancer Report compiled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reveals that cancer is the biggest reason for mortality and is expected to increase. She discusses measures to prevent cancer including creation of National Cancer Control Plans and controlling tobacco and hepatitis B virus (HBV).