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Africa is unlikely to register significant developmental advances. Recognizing this reality, African governments adopted in 2002 a comprehensive Africa agriculture development program under the auspices of New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD). This program states that larger investments in agricultural research, extension, and education systems are required to achieve the targeted increase in agricultural output of 6 percent a year over the next 20 years. The World Bank initiated a series of studies on agricultural education and training (AET) in 2005. These comprised six thematic studies that in turn drew on analyses of 15 country cases, a survey of donor financing trends, an operational review of Bank investments, a survey of the literature, an annotated bibliography, and consultations with stakeholders and donors. The purpose of this report is to synthesize the findings of this research and gives a set of strategic measures for strengthening the contribution of AET to agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. The target audiences are African practitioners and policymakers concerned with boosting food supply and agricultural output, donor representatives, and World Bank staff. This report presents a case for increased investment in AET, analyzes issues in the subsector, and outlines possible options for policies and interventions to build skills and capacities appropriate for the changing circumstances of African agriculture in the 21st century. The report is organized as follows: chapter one gives the context for agricultural education and training in Africa; chapter two presents agricultural education is vital for African development; chapter three presents African agricultural education and training in perspective; chapter four gives constraints on building AET capacity; chapter five focuses on what guidance can global experience provide; chapter six provides priorities for modernizing agricultural education and training; chapter seven gives approaches vary by AET level; and chapter eight focuses on the time to act is now.