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Heavy Work Investment (HWI) is a construct that comprises both workaholism and work engagement. We tested a path analysis model on 364 Italian workers, with servant leadership as a predictor of HWI and HWI as a predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWB). We also performed ANOVAs and MANOVAs. Among the main findings, servant leadership is a positive predictor of both workaholism and work engagement. Work engagement is a positive predictor of OCB and a negative predictor of CWB. Conversely, workaholism, is a positive predictor of CWB, but it does not predict OCB. Hence, we encourage implementing soft-skills interventions aimed at making leaders aware of the different worker types in their organization to develop tailored measures to foster work engagement rather than workaholism. Also, we recommend controlling for work engagement when analyzing workaholism, given the different findings that arose when controlling or not controlling for work engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research highlights the positive effects of organizational CSR engagement on employee outcomes, such as job and life satisfaction, performance, and trust. We argue that the current debate fails to recognize the potential risks associated with CSR. In this study, we focus on the risk of work addiction. We hypothesize that CSR has per se a positive effect on employees and can be classified as a resource. However, we also suggest the existence of an array of unintended negative effects of CSR. Since CSR positively influences an employee's organizational identification, as well as his or her perception of engaging in meaningful work, which in turn motivates them to work harder while neglecting other spheres of their lives such as private relationships or health, CSR indirectly increases work addiction. Accordingly, organizational identification and work meaningfulness both act as buffering variables in the relationship, thus suppressing the negative effect of CSR on work addiction, which weakens the positive role of CSR in the workplace. Drawing on a sample of 565 Swiss employees taken from the 2017 Swiss Public Value Atlas dataset, our results provide support for our rationale. Our results also provide evidence that the positive indirect effects of organizational CSR engagement on work addiction, via organizational identification and work meaningfulness, become even stronger when employees care for the welfare of the wider public (i.e., the community, nation, or world). Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyse the occupational well‐being of academics by using a person‐centred approach. Data was collected by an online self‐report questionnaire involving the academic population of a large Italian university. Cluster analysis showed the presence of four significantly different clusters, that were labelled engaged‐satisfied, engaged‐workaholic, exhausted‐workaholic and detached. Multivariate analysis of variances showed significant differences between clusters regarding well‐being dimensions, and the perception of work demand on academics as sources of hindrance or challenge. The findings of this study suggested, for the first time, the existence of a well‐being typology within the academic context, considering aspects, such as workaholism, that have been rarely taken into account. Moreover, it has been shown that the well‐being profile can influence the way in which academics perceived academic work demands, highlighting the potentialities of analysing well‐being profile in order to identify employees who are more or less at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past couple of decades the retirement counseling tasks of financial professionals have become increasingly challenging. Retirement options, choices, and practices have expanded to include early retirement, delayed retirement, phased retirement, and for some of us workaholics—never retirement. No doubt about it; working in retirement is here to stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loscalzo and Giannini (2017) recently proposed the construct of studyholism (or obsession toward study) and a theoretical model highlighting its potential antecedents and outcomes. This study aims to analyze some of these antecedents and outcomes by means of a path analysis including both studyholism and study engagement. The participants are 1,958 Italian college students aged between 18 and 60 years (M age = 23.53 ± 4.43) and heterogeneous as far as their year and major of study are concerned, as well as concerning the city in which they attended their courses. They filled some instruments that allow evaluating studyholism and study engagement, along with individual and situational antecedents (e.g., worry and overstudy climate) and outcomes (e.g., sleep quality, study–relationships conflict, dropout intention). In addition to the path model we performed aiming to test the direct effects we hypothesized, we performed two MANOVAs for analyzing if there were differences on the antecedents and outcomes among the four kinds of student suggested by Loscalzo and Giannini (2017; i.e., engaged studyholics, disengaged studyholics, engaged students, and detached students). The results of this study support Loscalzo and Giannini's (2017) conceptualization of studyholism as an internalizing disorder, since worry is the strongest predictor of studyholism (ခβ =.67, p <.001). In addition, in line with Loscalzo and Giannini's (2017) theorization, we found some differences among the four kinds of student on both the antecedents and outcomes we analyzed. This study has critical theoretical, preventive, and clinical implications. It supports the definition of studyholism as an OCD-related disorder. Also, about preventive implications, it shows that interventions aiming to favor students' wellbeing should target also engaged students, since study engagement predicts social impairment as well as studyholism. Finally, it suggests that in a clinical setting, it is important to distinguish between disengaged studyholics and engaged studyholics as they have different relationships with some antecedents and outcomes; also, they both have functional impairment, even if in different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from role identity theory and social exchange theory, the current study presents a moderated mediation model which I use to examine how supervisor workaholism and the perception of subordinate’s family-work conflict affect family supportive behavior. This supervisor behavior further influences subordinate’s organizational citizenship behavior toward the supervisor and withdrawal behavior at work. Using a sample of supervisor-subordinate dyads in hotels, I found that (1) supervisor’s perception of subordinate’s family-work conflict enhanced the positive relationship between supervisor workaholism and family supportive supervisor behavior, (2) family supportive supervisor behavior was positively related to subordinate’s organizational citizenship behavior toward the supervisor and negatively related to subordinate’s withdrawal behavior at work, and (3) only when supervisor’s perception of subordinate’s family-work conflict was high did I find a significant indirect effect of supervisor workaholism on subordinate’s organizational citizenship behavior toward the supervisor and withdrawal behavior at work via family supportive supervisor behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether two sides of working to excess, namely working long hours and a compulsive work mentality (workaholism), are detrimental for employee health by using biomarkers of metabolic syndrome, a direct precursor of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we examined if working to excess has the same health outcomes for employees who enjoy their work versus employees who do not. Despite the common sense belief that working long hours is bad for health, we did not find a relationship between work hours and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (RMS; e.g. high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels) in a study among 763 employees. Instead, we found that workaholism was positively related to RMS, but only when work engagement was low. Surprisingly, we found that workaholism was negatively related to RMS in the highly engaged group. When further exploring mediation mechanisms, we found that workaholism, but not work hours, was related to reduced subjective well-being (e.g. depressive feelings, sleep problems), which in turn elicited a physical health impairment process. We also found that, compared with nonengaged workaholics, engaged workaholics had more resources, which they may use to halt the health impairment process. Our findings underscore that not long hours per se, but rather a compulsive work mentality is associated with severe health risks, and only for employees who are not engaged at work.Work engagementmay actually protect workaholics from severe health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As many as one in eight librarians report feeling like frauds in their careers. Shrinking library budgets reduce the training that new librarians receive while high performance expectations remain unchanged. This combination can perpetuate those fraudulent feelings unless librarians are willing to employ strategies to overcome their Imposter state of mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workaholics may experience a range of personal and professional consequences; they endanger their physical and psychological health, their relationships with others, and may adversely affect the lives of their family and friends. Workaholism is framed in a number of ways, as having both positive and negative connotations. While in competitive organisational settings it is often implicitly condoned, in other settings, although considered an addiction with potentially wide-ranging adverse consequences that may extend far beyond the individual, it is an addiction that is nonetheless largely socially-accepted. An increasing participation of females in the workforce has created a need to understand workaholism more specifically in terms of gender-related factors. Although research findings about the relationship between workaholism and gender have been equivocal, questions persist about whether workaholism and its impacts are the same for men and women. This study examines workaholism and gender in an academic setting, employing a cross-sectional quantitative survey of 331 academics in New Zealand universities. Statistically significant findings suggest that dimensions of workaholism, such as the extent of involvement in work and drive at work, differ by gender. However, whilst such findings may suggest, a priori, the need for the development of alternative gender-specific methods of dealing with workaholism, they do not rule out the value of gender-specific intervention to achieve other behavioural objectives even where statistical significance is not evident. As such, this study contributes to understanding workaholism - in particular, workaholism in academia - it outlines implications for managers, and provides suggestions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to present and test a model assuming that career-related variables might function as antecedents of workaholism—the tendency to work compulsively and excessively. More specifically, based on conservation of resource theory and social identity theory, the study tested whether personal (i.e., career insecurity, extrinsic career goals, and career commitment) and contextual variables (i.e., career barriers and perceived organizational support) are related to workaholism. We tested our assumptions by means of stepwise hierarchical regression analyses within a large sample of N = 685 scientists working in different occupational fields (e.g., social science, arts and humanities, economics, and science, technology, engineering, mathematics) in German research institutes and universities. The results showed that career insecurity, career barriers, career commitment, and extrinsic career goals were positively associated, and perceived organizational support was negatively associated, with workaholism. Furthermore, the set of analyzed career variables showed incremental validity and explained a significant portion of variance in workaholism beyond control variables (i.e., gender, age, work hours, and occupational field) and personality (i.e., extroversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Workaholism is recognized as a health risk for academics given the open-ended nature of academic work; however, current prevalence rates of workaholism in the academic setting are unknown. Aims To assess the prevalence of workaholism within academics and determine the impact of workaholism on psychological well-being, work-life conflict, work-life fit, job satisfaction and perceived work effort. Methods Academics in three Irish universities completed a survey including measures of workaholism, psychological well-being, work-life conflict and job satisfaction. Analysis of variance tests were used to compare workaholism types on the outcome measures. Results A total of 410 academics completed the survey and were categorized by workaholism type: workaholics (27%), enthusiastic workaholics (23%), relaxed workers (27%) and uninvolved workers (23%). Workaholics reported poorer functioning across all the outcome measures in comparison to the other three groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates the high levels of workaholism within academia and highlights the negative impact of workaholism on work-related outcomes and psychological well-being. These findings are significant given the highly intensive nature of academic work today and reducing resources within this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnographic research probes both contextually situated and personally resonate values in ways that may provoke ethical tensions for researchers. Reflecting on my fieldwork, I demonstrate how my engagement with recovering workaholics disturbed the ontological security underlying my long-held understandings of “work ethic” and success. Subsequently, I encourage applied communication scholars to embrace the uncertainties they discover through their work—not as sites for resolution, but rather as sources for ongoing, heuristic inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popüler basında işkoliklik kavramına önemli ilgi gösterilmesine rağmen, işkolikliğin anlaşılması için çok az sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak işkoliklik ve işkoliklik ile ilgili araştırmalar incelenmektedir. Daha sonra, işadamları üzerinde yapılan bir anket araştırması ile fazla/aşırı çalışmanın nedenleri ve sonuçları belirlenmekte ve işkolikliğe ilişkin demografik özellikler, davranış biçimleri ve iş alışkanlıkları analiz edilmektedir. Son olarak, işkolikliğin getireceği risk faktörlerini azaltmaları yönünde yöneticilere öneriler sunulmaktır.

Although provision of environmental enrichment is an effective tool to refine laboratory animal experiments, it is currently unknown which enrichments ferrets prefer. This study aimed to assess the suitability of a closed economy, two-chamber consumer demand set-up to determine ferrets’ preferences for selected enrichments. Twelve female ferrets were housed in a set-up consisting of a home and enrichment chamber (EC) connected by a weighted door. The maximum weights the ferrets pushed for food (MPP food ) and an empty chamber (MPP empty ) were determined to evaluate the maximum push capacity of the animals and as a control. Although the ferrets pushed significantly more for food (1325 ± 213 g) than for the empty chamber (1169 ± 193 g), the weight difference was minor (MPP empty was 89 ± 13% of MPP food ). To evaluate the ferrets’ underlying motivation to push for the empty chamber, a second study was performed in which MPP empty was tested in seven alternative set-ups. The first three set-ups included adapted versions of the standard design (set-up A 1 , A 2 and A 3 ), intended to determine the functional value of the empty chamber. The four other set-ups (set-up B 0 , B 1 , B 3 , B 4 ) aimed to evaluate the attractiveness of the door elements by allowing the ferrets to choose whether or not to use the weighted door to enter EC. Results demonstrated no significant differences in MPP empty between the A-set-ups, indicating that the value of the empty chamber could not be reduced by adapting the set-up. MPP empty reduced when allowing the ferrets free access to EC, demonstrating that the empty chamber had reinforcing properties. Nevertheless, the ferrets were still motivated to use the weighted door despite being granted free access to EC, indicating that the door also has reinforcing properties. The ferrets decreased the use of the weighted door most when, in a set-up with free access to EC, the nest box in the home cage (53 ± 22% of MPP food ) was replaced by a manipulable plastic bucket (26 ± 13% of MPP food ). These results indicate that availability of items in the home chamber may influence the results, which should be taken into account when designing motivation studies similar to the one performed in this study. The lack of differences between MPP food and MPP empty furthermore demonstrates that the two-chamber set-up is not suitable for evaluating the ferrets’ motivation for enrichments, thus necessitating other alternatives, such as a three- or multi-chamber consumer demand study, to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For advanced academic trainees (i.e. doctoral students and postdoctoral trainees), success in the academy often involves stepping away from an ordinary ‘9 to 5’ working environment and into a space where workaholic tendencies are largely encouraged. While the daily care and nurturing of a family can be demanding (and itself represents a form of unpaid, often gendered, labour), evidence suggests that children can offer positive emotional benefits for parents, help curb workaholic tendencies, and offer a reason to step away from work and have fun with the family through leisure. This conceptual paper examines the realities of managing family and work lives for academic trainees, a group that has been largely under-recognized in published literature. Issues such as the current work-related expectations for academics (and the ways these expectations can influence leisure), the gendered experience of the academy and family life among academic trainees and the potential benefits of family to academic pursuits will be discussed. Specific strategies that could be implemented to assist academic trainee families, including enrolment and work schedule flexibility, increased institutional support policies and more family-friendly trainee leisure opportunities will also be explored. This conceptual work suggests that academic trainees may face unique challenges with regard to work/family management and, thus, require specific consideration by the research community and academic administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Recent research has suggested that for some individuals, educational studying may become compulsive and excessive and lead to 'study addiction'. The present study conceptualized and assessed study addiction within the framework of workaholism, defining it as compulsive over-involvement in studying that interferes with functioning in other domains and that is detrimental for individuals and/or their environment. Methods: The Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS) was tested - reflecting seven core addiction symptoms (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, relapse, and problems) - related to studying. The scale was administered via a cross-sectional survey distributed to Norwegian (n = 218) and Polish (n = 993) students with additional questions concerning demographic variables, study-related variables, health, and personality. Results: A one-factor solution had acceptable fit with the data in both samples and the scale demonstrated good reliability. Scores on BStAS converged with scores on learning engagement. Study addiction (BStAS) was significantly related to specific aspects of studying (longer learning time, lower academic performance), personality traits (higher neuroticism and conscientiousness, lower extroversion), and negative health-related factors (impaired general health, decreased quality of life and sleep quality, higher perceived stress). Conclusions: It is concluded that BStAS has good psychometric properties, making it a promising tool in the assessment of study addiction. Study addiction is related in predictable ways to personality and health variables, as predicted from contemporary workaholism theory and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the study on the 10-item version of the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS) with regards to its factor structure. It offers information on DUWAS which measures workaholism based on two factors which are working compulsively (WC) and working excessively (WE). The results reportedly revealed that all 10 items tapped both WC and WE, which suggests that both factors are correlated, however each divides into two subdimensions.

Objective: According to the theory of work craving, a workaholic has a craving for self-worth compensatory incentives and an expectation of relief from negative affect experienced through neurotic perfectionism and an obsessive-compulsive style of working. Research has shown that workaholism and work engagement should be considered as two distinct work styles with different health consequences. However, the mechanisms underlying the adoption of these work styles have been neglected. The present study proposes that work craving and work engagement are differentially associated with self-regulatory competencies and health. In particular, we expected that the working styles mediate the relationships between emotional self-regulation and health. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 469 teachers from German schools completed online administered questionnaires. By means of structural equation modeling, we tested two indirect paths: a) from self-relaxation deficits via work craving to poor health and b) from self-motivation competencies via work engagement to good health. Results: As expected, we found evidence that a) the negative relationship of self-relaxation deficits on health was partially mediated by work craving and b) the positive relationship of self-motivation competencies on health was partially mediated by work engagement. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of self-regulation competencies for healthy or unhealthy work styles. Whereas work craving was associated with a low ability to down-regulate negative emotions and poor health, work engagement was associated with a high ability to up-regulate positive emotions and good health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of the study presented was to verify empirically a conception of workaholism as a multidimensional syndrome. The study also investigated the notion of 'functional' and 'dysfunctional' types of workaholic, on the basis of the participants' cognitive evaluations of their quality of life. The research group comprised Polish managers who had graduated with, or were studying to attain, a Master's degree in Business Administration. The 137 participants completed a set of questionnaires that were based on five different research tools. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the theory that workaholism has a three-dimensional structure that includes behavioural, cognitive, and affective dimensions. Using cluster analysis, three types of worker were identified, two of which represented types of workaholic with different scores for the dimensions of workaholism and for aspects of quality of life. The research demonstrated that workaholism is a three-dimensional construct. It enabled the integration of different perspectives and also confirmed that dysfunctional and functional types of workaholic exist. Furthermore, this paper provides practical insights about workaholism for practitioners of human resources that can be used in the selection and evaluation of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work offers a positive side but also it can be a framework where some risks may appear that evolve in negative outcomes. This research focus on the possible relation between two aspects of the work context: irritation at work with its two dimensions, cognitive and emotional irritation, and workaholism. So far the two concepts have been studied in their relation to other variables, but there is a lack of studies on the relation between them. To carry out this investigation 285 subjects from different occupations answered the instruments used and we found results in the expected way. Irritation, both cognitive and emotional irritation, showed significant correlations with both factors of the DUWAS However, in the case of the WBAT the correlations were significant only for factor 1, working excessively. Regression analysis yielded interesting results in order to explain the relation between both concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the role of alcohol in agency problems in order to provide an economic rationale for alcoholics and workaholics. In our model, alcohol reduces productivity, but also can make imbibers blurt private information. We show that in the optimal contract, low-productivity workers are compelled to over-indulge in alcohol, while high-productivity workers overproduce output. Thus, workers are made into 'alcoholics' and 'workaholics' depending on their productivity. We conclude that excessive drinking (working) may be the result, not the cause, of low (high) productivity of workers. ( JEL D82, VSOP) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]