Search

Media articles about women in STEM often emphasize gender in ways that may reinforce stereotypes. In an archival study examining 172 articles from four major US and UK newspapers on women, Nobel laureates from 1903 to 2020, we find that over time, reporters are more likely to describe the scientist as a woman and less likely to mention her husband’s job. A follow-up experiment (N = 452) revealed no significant effects of an article that emphasizes the gender of a woman scientist on gender biases. These findings suggest that articles about women in STEM may emphasize gender rather than scientific accomplishments, but the ways in which they do so have changed over time and this emphasis may not affect readers’ gender bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prof. Dr. Jeanette Erdmann, a renowned cardiovascular geneticist, has passed away at the age of 57. She had a successful career as a professor at the University of Lübeck and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research, where she made significant contributions to the field. Her research focused on identifying genetic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and conducting population studies. In addition to her scientific achievements, Jeanette was a dedicated mentor, supervising numerous Ph.D. and MD students and advocating for women's empowerment in science. This text consists of personal reflections and tributes from individuals who had a close relationship with Jeanette. They express their admiration for her contributions to science and her impact on their personal and professional lives. The authors highlight her dedication, support, and mentorship, as well as her commitment to diversity and societal responsibility in scientific research. The text also briefly mentions Jeanette's personal life, including her pet cat and her use of a new wheelchair. Overall, this text serves as a tribute to Jeanette's legacy and the lasting impact she had on those who knew her. [Extracted from the article]

The report is a summary of the History of Science Society Annual Meeting in 2023, which focused on the theme of "Shifting Standards, Creating Change." The meeting explored social justice work in response to global humanitarian crises and the Black Lives Matter movement. It featured panels and papers on topics such as the history of science, restorative projects, and diversity in the field. The report also highlights the winners of the HSS Prizes for 2023, which recognized outstanding contributions to the history of science. The award-winning books and essays cover a range of topics, including early modern European thought on extinction, the use of fish to combat malaria in colonial India, nonbinary gender, the relationship between humans and the sky, and the history of quantification. These works provide valuable insights into the intersections of science, culture, and society throughout history. [Extracted from the article]

The gender imbalance in computer science (CS) is one of the most challenging issues in American education. CS is the only science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field in which women's representation has steadily declined in recent decades. In this study, we explored one potential approach that could be effective in increasing college women's participation in CS: participation in Women‐in‐Computing (WiC) groups. Through participant observation and individual interviews in a WiC group at a major research university, we investigated how students engage in WiC, the impacts of the WiC on identity and belonging, and the challenge of sustainability. The results were coded using a hybrid of grounded and deductive coding and indicate that WiC groups offer various programs and events that enable women in CS to fully participate, learn, and grow. WiC represents an identity, a community, a safe space, and a journey. The results also suggest that the WiC has had positive impacts on students' identity and belonging, as evidenced by increased self‐efficacy, reduced imposter syndrome, and enhanced sense of belonging and community. Furthermore, we outline three strategies employed by the WiC to ensure the group's sustainability. Our study sheds light on how WiC can encourage women to enter and persist in CS, and on some of the characteristics of a successful WiC. We demonstrate that WiC may be potentially effective in diversifying CS through identity‐based participation. Moreover, student leaders design both the structure of the group and the leadership continuity process to ensure sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a social identity framework of mathematical development, the authors present a model, Improving Girls' Math Identity (IGMI), designed to address two key "leaks" in the female STEM pipeline: undergraduate and middle school. IGMI involves a supportive professional development network for undergraduate women preparing to transition into mathematics-related careers, and a mentorship program connecting middle school girls with these undergraduates to develop metacognition, problem-solving, and spatial skills. Preliminary evidence demonstrates that the model successfully strengthens undergraduates' problem-solving abilities, improves resilience and persistence in pursuing STEM fields, and increases investment in supporting future cohorts of women in mathematics and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a list of individuals who have received awards in the field of crop science, highlighting their contributions to research, teaching, mentoring, and service. It also profiles various individuals involved in agricultural research, including undergraduate and graduate students, who are pursuing degrees or working in fields related to agronomy, plant science, soil science, and related disciplines. These individuals come from diverse backgrounds and are passionate about improving agricultural practices, sustainability, and crop productivity. Their research focuses on topics such as plant breeding, soil health, water resources, and crop management. [Extracted from the article]

The document provides information about the recipients of the 2023 awards from the Soil Science Society of America (SSSA). The recipients come from diverse backgrounds and are pursuing degrees and conducting research in various areas of soil science and agronomy. Their research focuses on topics such as crop science, soil health, plant pathogen interactions, and water resources. These individuals have demonstrated leadership, academic excellence, and a commitment to advancing sustainable agriculture practices. The document also includes profiles of individuals involved in the field of agronomy and plant science, as well as highlighting the recipients of the SSSA Presidential Award, specifically recognizing the SSSA Diversity Trailblazers who have made important contributions as women, people of color, indigenous individuals, and LGBTQ+ scientists in leadership roles within the society. [Extracted from the article]

Dr. Sophie Molholm, a professor at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine, is featured in the European Journal of Neuroscience's series on Women in Neuroscience. Dr. Molholm's research focuses on understanding how the brain processes sensory inputs and influences perception and behavior. She is particularly interested in attention, speech processing, and higher-order cognition. Dr. Molholm has made significant contributions to the field, including a study on cued motor processing in autism and typical development. She also discusses her background and offers advice for young women in science. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the gender disparities that exist for women in academic neurology. While the number of women faculty in the field has increased, they still face challenges such as lower average compensation compared to their male counterparts. The pay gap in medicine is not unique to neurology and persists across medical disciplines. Factors such as age, academic rank, specialization, and productivity do not fully explain the salary discrepancy. Women are also underrepresented in leadership positions within academic neurology departments. The article suggests that department leaders should take positive steps to support female faculty, including providing flexibility for caregiving responsibilities, ensuring equitable resources and opportunities, promoting a supportive culture, and actively addressing biases and barriers. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a collection of biographical profiles of contributors to the Advances in (Bio-)Analytical Chemistry: Reviews and Trends Collection 2024. The collection features review-type articles by the journal's Editorial Board, showcasing their expertise in various areas of analytical chemistry. The contributors include researchers from institutions around the world, such as the University of Regensburg, Peking University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the University of Oviedo. Their research interests range from biosensors and nanotechnology to mass spectrometry and electrochemical analysis. These profiles provide valuable insights into the diverse perspectives and accomplishments of these researchers in the field of analytical chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

The document titled "Berichte, Chemiegeschichte" provides a comprehensive overview of various topics related to chemistry and science. It emphasizes the significance of open dialogue and international collaboration within the scientific community. The document expresses concern about antidemocratic and nationalist tendencies in Germany that pose a threat to individuals and groups, which in turn harms the scientific community. It also highlights initiatives such as the #empowerGirl campaign, which aims to offer 1,000 internships for girls in STEM fields, and the release of a white paper on enhancing chemistry education in German schools. Additionally, the document mentions the publication of a specialized manual on green and sustainable chemistry education by the United Nations Environment Programme. The document also includes information on awards and honors in the field of chemistry, as well as resources and programs for students and educators. It provides links to websites where library patrons can access materials and engage in activities related to science education, career exploration, and teacher training. The resources cover a wide range of topics, including finding water in the universe, highlighting women in science, improving the quality of teacher education, challenging gender stereotypes in career choices, and providing hands-on learning opportunities in school settings. The text emphasizes the importance of diverse perspectives and aims to support individuals in their educational and professional journeys. [Extracted from the article]

The document is an invitation to the 40th Training and Lecture Conference of the Chemistry Teaching Group, which will be held at the University of Regensburg from September 18th to 20th, 2024. The conference aims to provide opportunities for educators, researchers, and experts in the field of chemistry education to exchange ideas and stay updated on the latest developments in chemistry teaching. The conference will feature workshops, lectures, posters, and exhibitors. The document also provides information on deadlines for scholarships and contact details for further inquiries. [Extracted from the article]

Sandra Schmid is the Chief Scientific Officer of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub in San Francisco, USA. She was previously Professor and Chair of the Cell Biology Department at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Chair of the Department of Cell Biology at Scripps Research Institute, CA, USA. Sandra's research over the years has focused on the biochemical dissection of the endocytic pathway, in particular the role of dynamin and the mechanisms of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We chatted to Sandy to find out more about her career, her role as an advocate for women in science, and her recent transition to the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemist Ethaline Cortelyou, a significant figure in the emerging profession of technical communication in the 1950s, became a national mentor to women in the sciences, first leading them into the practice of technical editing and then away from it. This article presents a case study of her awakening to the true nature and cost of the patriarchal workplace and her own complicity in actively supporting sexist assumptions and the status quo. During the Sputnik crisis, Cortelyou recognized and overcame her internalized sexism, revised her advice to young women in the sciences, and became a public advocate of workplace reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian science academia has a dearth of women researchers at all levels. Not only are they under-represented, but they are also under-highlighted, under-mentored and overlooked for awards, grants and other career-advancing steps. To effectively address this problem and devise a solution for the inequity, we need data on the proportion of women faculty across multiple STEM institutions. Such a database, currently, does not exist. To fill this gap, we formed BiasWatchIndia to (1) document the inequities, and (2) provide real-time actionable data as a basis for future remedial steps. Along with collecting data on women representation at the faculty level in Indian STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) academia, BiasWatchIndia also helps highlight the lack of women representation and gender imbalance in Indian STEM talks, conferences, workshops and panels. Based on our findings, we recommend several measures that need to be implemented by universities and institutes to challenge the status quo changes for women in Indian academia. Documentation of women's inclusion in Indian academia and conferences by BiasWatchIndia reveals the scale of underrepresentation of women across science, technology, engineering and mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Materials Science is a reputable journal that publishes articles on various topics in materials science. It receives numerous submissions each year, which are reviewed by editors who are active researchers themselves. The journal has a strong emphasis on bio and medical materials science, as well as chemical routes to materials. The document provides summaries of the research interests and achievements of several scientists in the field, including Catalin Croitoru, Yi (David) Ju, Steven E. Naleway, Ghanshyam Pilania, Subha Narayan Rath, and Annela M. Seddon. The summaries highlight their contributions to the field, including their research focus, affiliations, publications, and awards. This resource is designed to assist library patrons in determining whether they would like to explore these scientists' work further. [Extracted from the article]

When people enter new work settings, we theorized that they are vulnerable to questioning whether they will be received in ways that allow them to contribute to shared goals. If so, treatment that clarifies the stance that others take toward the self, which we call microinclusions, that convey a receptivity and supportiveness to one's contributions may bolster a sense of fit. Further, in examining this question in technology contexts, we theorized that such microinclusions may be particularly impactful for women for whom underrepresentation and negative stereotypes make opportunities to contribute especially fraught. Four primary experiments (N = 1,861, Nwomen in STEM = 1,430) tested this theorizing. In Experiment 1, both men and women at a large technology company anticipated greater fit in a work group described with microinclusions, yet this effect was greatest for women. Experiments 2–4 replicated this effect among women science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals and college students considering a career in technology and showed that women's anticipated fit arose over and beyond socially warm treatment (Experiment 2); arose more when the microinclusion came from a man (vs. another woman; Experiment 3); and arose even when observing another woman receive a microinclusion (Experiment 4). Microinclusions also increased women's commitment to the company (Experiments 2 and 4) and reduced their anticipated experience of stereotype threat (Experiment 3). This research highlights the ambiguity women face in technology settings about whether they will be received in ways that allow them to contribute to shared work goals and the importance of treatment from coworkers that affirms this opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the importance of understanding one another and fostering empathy through literature, particularly for youth. Topics include the significance of names and cultural identity, the contributions of historical figures like Edith Clarke, and the exploration of complex societal issues through storytelling, as seen in various children's and young adult books.

The article discusses the Roger Revelle Commemorative Lecture, which honors oceanographer Roger Revelle and his contributions to the study of the ocean and climate change. The lecture format was changed to a "fireside chat" featuring Margaret Leinen, director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Kathryn Sullivan, a NASA astronaut and former NOAA administrator. The chat focused on their experiences as women in the field of science and the challenges they faced. The article also highlights the need for greater diversity in the ocean science workforce and the importance of resilience in overcoming obstacles. [Extracted from the article]

This research article describes the results of studies of the processes occurring under the electron beam irradiation of elemental phosphorus in an aqueous medium. Comparisons of the results of white phosphorus samples irradiation using electron accelerators with different technical parameters are presented. The structure of the obtained phosphorus-containing polymers was determined using MALDI mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analysis. A scheme of the formation of macroparticles in the process of irradiation of elemental phosphorus by a beam of accelerated electrons in an aqueous medium is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Comparative Physiology A is the premier peer-reviewed scientific journal in comparative physiology, in particular sensory physiology, neurophysiology, and neuroethology. Founded in 1924 by Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn, it celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2024. During these 100 years, many of the landmark achievements in these disciplines were published in this journal. To commemorate these accomplishments, we have compiled a list of the Top 100 Authors over these 100 years, representing approximately 1% of all its authors. To select these individuals, three performance criteria were applied: number of publications, total number of citations attracted by these articles, and mean citation rate of the papers published by each author. The resulting list of the Top 100 Authors provides a fascinating insight into the history of the disciplines covered by the Journal of Comparative Physiology A and into the academic careers of many of their leading representatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Comparative Physiology A was founded in 1924 as the Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie by Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn. Given the marginalization of women in science at that time, it is remarkable that the first article in the Journal was authored by a female scientist, Ruth Beutler. Throughout her scientific career, she was affiliated with the Zoological Institute of the University of Munich, which, under the leadership of von Frisch, evolved into a world-class academic institution. Despite chronic health problems, Beutler was one of the first women who succeeded in obtaining the Habilitation as qualification for appointment to a professorial position. She was also one of the first scientists who applied methods from physiological chemistry to the study of zoological phenomena. Yet, for many years she was employed as a technician only, and she was never appointed to an Ordinarius (tenured full professorship) position. Her most important contributions to comparative physiology outside her own area of research were her support for, and protection of, Karl von Frisch, particularly during the Nazi era when he, as a 'quarter-Jew,' faced imminent threat of forced retirement; and after World War II, when her efforts as interim Ordinarius were instrumental in re-building the bombed-out Zoological Institute to persuade Karl von Frisch to return to Munich. It was also one of her observations that prompted him to revisit, and revise, his earlier (incorrect) model of how honeybees communicate, through their dances, the direction and distances of food sources from the hive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jenny Davis was among the first small, but significant tranche of women field biologists in the Pacific Region. She was born in Tasmania and developed a fascination with freshwater systems at an early age. Despite the paucity of female role models, freshwater ecology evolved into her research career track at the University of Tasmania where she completed her Honours degree (Zoology; 1976) and PhD (Freshwater Ecology; 1981). Jenny started her first academic position as a Tutor at Murdoch University in 1985. She successfully moved through the academic hierarchy where women continue to be under-represented in the senior ranks. She recently (2021) retired from her administrative and teaching responsibilities at Charles Darwin University (CDU) and approaching 70, is currently a Professor of Freshwater Ecology at CDU. An over-arching theme of her research is to understand the factors influencing the persistence of groundwater and surface water ecosystems. She has worked on the impacts of multiple stressors on springs, wetlands and arid zone waterbodies. She serves as a compelling role model for young scientists struggling to have a satisfying work-life balance. Jenny single-parented a son while conducting field work, teaching, publishing, serving as an academic administrator and being a prolific and successful grant writer. Jenny was also an exceptional mentor to a diverse group of students and post-docs, many of whom have thriving careers in academia, government and industry across Australia. This paper is a biography of a woman who with talent and persistence successfully broke gender barriers in Australian freshwater ecology and academia. Jenny Davis was among the first small, but significant tranche of female field biologists in the Pacific Region. Jenny is one of the few women to be promoted to the academic rank of Professor in Australian sciences. Her current research involves answering two questions: (1) how much water does the environment need; and (2) how important are isolated aquatic waterbodies for the conservation of Australia's freshwater biota? This paper is a brief biography of Jenny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine the 60-year history of diversity efforts within the Section of Plastic Surgery at the University of Michigan (UofM) in the context of national trends. We describe the experiences of pioneering Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM) and female graduates of the program. James Norris, MD, and Christine Sullivan, MD, were the first URiM and female graduates from UofM in 1974 and 1989, respectively. Currently, women constitute over one-half the plastic surgery trainees at UofM, but URiM trainee representation remains limited. Dr. Adeyiza Momoh and Dr. Amy Alderman were the first URiM and female faculty members hired in 2011 and 2004, respectively. At present, there are four URiM and seven female faculty members in the Section. With a shared vision, supportive leadership, and motivation to change, faculty diversity has increased substantially. Additional strategies, including ongoing pipeline programs in medicine and science for URiM and women, are needed to further increase workforce diversity in plastic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various topics related to Australian history and historical scholarship. It mentions the demand for "truth-telling" despite the defeat of the Voice referendum, and how historical scholarship can contribute to this. The article highlights different perspectives, including Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, and emphasizes the importance of questioning and problematizing traumatic pasts. It also touches on topics such as art history, the history of emotions, the natural health movement, national security, collecting practices, and the treatment of women in colonial prisons. The article concludes with a survey of digital tools in historical research and reviews of exhibitions and books. [Extracted from the article]

The representation and success of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM) have sparked discussions, given their underrepresentation in these traditionally male-dominated fields. While women comprise 40% of STEMM undergraduates, senior-level positions see this figure drop below 20%. Research suggests that gender disparities in STEMM participation result from motivational differences, rather than competence. Exploring the reasons for these disparities are important as they can have significant consequences for the acknowledgement of women in STEMM, the maintenance of their STEMM discipline, and future careers. As such, this study explored how the experiences of 13 female undergraduates in Australian STEMM programs impacted their motivation and persistence in their degree. Through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, analysed via reflexive thematic analysis, five themes were constructed, encapsulating diverse experiences shaping female undergraduates in STEMM, influencing self-efficacy, determination, and well-being. Early exposure and environment were pivotal, acting as motivators or deterrents. Additionally, peer support was suggested as being crucial, fostering belongingness in the male-dominated space. Participants also grappled with recognition challenges, influenced by gender imbalances and a lack of role models. Intimidation was evident, leading to thoughts of dropping out, but passion drove persistence amid these challenges. The research increases awareness and understanding of the challenges faced by female undergraduates in STEMM, offering valuable insights for developing strategies to enhance their university experiences and promote success in future STEMM careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of anemia and its risk factor among female students. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: PUMHSW, Nawabshah. Period: September 2019 to February 2020. Material & Methods: Three hundred and fifty female students were included from various departments and academic years. Data was collected on prescribed performed with their consent, than statistically analyzed with SPSS. Results: Sample size of the study was 350. The age group 18 to 21 years 194 (55.4%) was dominating in the study, Further, hostlers were 207(59.1%, p=.004), married 5 (1.4%), belonged to middle socioeconomic status 327 (93.4%), literacy level of the parents, and dietary habits were major risk factors among study subjects. Furthermore, Anemic were 139 (39.7%), in which mild anemia found in 79 (22.6%), moderate anemia in 53(15.1%) and severe anemia in 7(2.0%). Conclusion: Current study identified the high prevalence of anemia among students. This study concluded the frequency of anemia in health sciences student of PUMHSW Nawabshah was 39.7%. Further; this study also determined risk factors associated with anemic status, and explored the dietary risk factors of anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christa Critchley is a distinguished researcher in basic and applied photosynthesis research. Her research has centered on the structure and function of chloroplasts and the application of chlorophyll a fluorescence to understanding the way PSII works. In her research, she used two biophysical tools, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence, as well as several other biochemical and plant physiological methods. Later in her career, she pioneered research in artificial photosynthesis (AP) focusing on the process of light-mediated water splitting and oxygen evolution. Here, only a glimpse of her life and some selected research is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This paper studies the first Chilean school newspapers led by women and the role of high school students as mediators of scientific knowledge at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. The analysis is part of the expansion and modernization of the press and publishing industry, as well as the in$uence of positivism and the educational reforms that were implemented in Chile during that period, a context in which the ruling class considered scientific knowledge, both its development and access to it by the population, as a priority. Methodology: The article is based on the studies of historians of science who have understood audiences as active agents in generating new knowledge, problematizing categories such as expert, amateur and layman, and examining the types of relationships they sustained. This theoretical perspective is applied to analyzing the magazines of four women's high schools that took advantage of the valid study plans to access the university in the period and is complemented with other sources, such as prospectuses and relevant administrative documents. Originality: The study makes visible the role of women in science and, specifically, Chilean schoolgirls in this context, which have not been studied from the perspective presented here. Conclusions: Despite the lack of attention given to this population group in terms of scientific contribution, it is shown that high school students were active readers, disseminators and producers of knowledge, managing magazines, generating networks and circulating the knowledge beyond the walls of their educational establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptides have beneficial properties for therapeutic applications due to their excellent target specificity, high affinity and activity, low toxicity and predictable metabolism. Thus, they became an important tool for research and medical purpose. However, peptides are fragile molecules, therefore, in order to be used as therapeutic agents they need to be stabilised by non-peptidic modifications. Required improvements of these peptide properties include longer half-life, higher bioavailability, increased potency and efficiency. Strategies to achieve these goals have been identified in the last years, with synthetic strategies to obtain sufficient amounts becoming increasingly important. In this review, peptides are discussed with respect to their therapeutic applications. Examples from glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists are shown. Peptides are compared to small molecules and antibodies with respect to advantages and disadvantages in therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this personal perspective, we reflect on our personal journey, highlighting the significance that role models and mentoring played in them, and explore how they benefit early-career researchers, promote academic success, and contribute to the overall growth of the academic community. We – the co-authors of this article (Prof. Tatjana Parac-Vogt and Dr. Ann van der Jeugd) – share some special connections: we were both presidents of Belgium Women in Science (BeWiSe), a non-profit association that promotes the role and position of women in science in Belgium (Tatjana from 2012 to 2016; Ann from 2020 to 2024), and we have a thriving mentor/mentee relationship, which started in 2015 through the BeWiSe mentoring programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the 2023 IUPAC Distinguished Women in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Awards, which recognize women leaders in the field. The awardees are selected based on their research, teaching, leadership, and community service. The program began in 2011 and has recognized 94 women from over 30 countries. The article highlights the achievements and research interests of some of the 2023 awardees, including their contributions to topics such as self-assembled materials, coordination chemistry, and therapeutic peptides. The collection of articles aims to inspire women scientists and advance the future of chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

The manual radiofluorination and purification of [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn)] (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) using 18F− in aqueous EtOH has been translated to a GE FASTLab™ automatic synthesis platform and optimised by conducting a series of low-activity radiolabelling experiments to explore the effects of varying the precursor concentration, temperature, heating time, addition of NaOAc buffer and EtOH:H2O ratio. The optimal conditions were determined to be 1 mg/mL of the precursor being heated at 120 °C for 10 min in 75 %:25 % EtOH:H2O containing 18F−, with elution using 10 mM NaOAc, giving 61 % radiochemical yield (RCY). These conditions were then employed with high-activity 18F− giving a 97 % radiochemical purity (RCP) at t = 0, which decreases by 22 % over 5 h. Sodium ascorbate, nicotinamide and p-benzoic acid (pABA) were then tested as potential radiostabilisers for this system, initially using low-activity 18F−. These experiments revealed very rapid defluorination of the radioproduct in the presence of sodium ascorbate. In contrast, both nicotinamide and pABA appear to be effective radiostabilisers, resulting in RCP values of 91 % and 89 %, respectively, after 2 h, which compare with an RCP of 81 % under analogous conditions at t = 2 h in their absence. High-activity experiments were then undertaken with addition of 5 mg/mL of nicotinamide, with a radio-active concentration (RAC) of 220 MBq/mL, giving RCY of 26 % and following purification, RCP values for the [Fe18FF2(BnMe2-tacn)] product of 97 % at t = 0 and 86 % after 3 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemistry enterprise continues to evolve, becoming increasingly more diverse and inclusive. Likewise, opportunities and roles for women in the chemistry enterprise have evolved. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, women faced tremendous obstacles pursuing a career in chemistry. Through determination, hard work – and with some good fortune – a few pioneering role models were able to overcome challenges. Countless women have followed in their footsteps. For example, the percentage of PhDs in science awarded to women in the United States has quadrupled over the past 50 years to over 30 %. In addition, the frequency of women elected to professional chemical society leadership or awarded a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry has increased significantly over the past 25 years, even accelerating in the last 5–10 years. Yet, the progress is uneven and much remains to be done to reach gender parity. There are major differences across countries in representation by women researchers in science and technology. In addition, there are significant gender gaps in faculty at top global universities in chemistry departments, as well as in governance at the largest publicly traded U.S. chemical companies. Moreover, progress is needed to reach gender equity in U.S. chemist compensation. However, I am optimistic that women will continue to progress and move towards parity. Like previous women leaders of the global chemistry enterprise, tomorrow's successful women will have the passion, courage, and determination to overcome challenges and achieve the equity and opportunities they deserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent paper by Hanci et al examines the gender distribution on editorial boards for toxicology journals and its impact on journal growth. The study finds that the United States is close to achieving gender balance on editorial boards, with 49.7% of editors being female. In contrast, European toxicology journals have significantly lower representation, with only 15.5%–15.6% female editors. The authors also note that the percentage of female representatives in editorial positions seems to have stagnated. The study suggests that gender representation should be a defined priority for toxicology journals and highlights the positive correlation between the number of female editorial board members and journal impact factor. The authors of the paper, as female senior editors of a pharmacology and toxicology-related European journal, comment on the need for change and urge for increased awareness and efforts to achieve a more balanced gender composition in scientific journals. They also provide recommendations for improving journal quality and reputation, such as increasing the visibility of female members on editorial boards and including both men and women in nominations for journal-based prizes. The authors emphasize the importance of gender balance in the editorial room to reflect a balanced scientific community and to provide role models for female scientists. [Extracted from the article]

This article highlights the significant contributions that women scientists have made to the field of animal behavior and welfare. It acknowledges the historical barriers and glass ceilings that women in science have faced, but emphasizes their unwavering dedication and resilience. The article profiles several notable women scientists, including Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, Birute Galdikas, Temple Grandin, and Jane Hurst, who have made groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in understanding animal behavior and improving animal welfare. It also discusses the contributions of other women researchers, biologists, veterinarians, and animal advocates in various areas of animal care and welfare. The article concludes by celebrating the achievements of these women and calling for continued support and recognition of women in science. [Extracted from the article]

This study examines Catholic Benedictine sisters who majored in sciences and taught science for over 100 years at the College of Saint Benedict in Saint Joseph, Minnesota, USA. In 1913, the College of Saint Benedict began as a women's college, expanding Saint Benedict's Academy, a boarding high school for women. This historical organizational case study analyzed archived data to understand the benefits and challenges of women who lived religious lives and studied science. Although women, in general, are still underrepresented in the sciences, the data collected provides information on how the sisters obtained advanced degrees as early as 1923, well before women were widely accepted in the sciences in colleges. Over time, the need for training scientists declined. The academic cooperation with the male college, Saint John's University, allowed coeducational courses, merging departments, and decreasing the need for faculty. The demand for teachers in K-12 schools also fell as choices increased for public education and some Catholic high schools closed. The sisters, however, contributed to scientific research and collaborated with scientists worldwide while living religious lives, despite the long duration of academic studies. In addition, they were role models that taught and developed science curricula at all levels and served in many leadership roles at the college and in the monastery. The legacy of the sisters in science continues, as 1800 lay women have graduated with degrees in the sciences since the start of college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fewer women than men are involved in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields and one of the reasons might be a lack of exposure to familiar linguistic structures in reading materials designed to spark interest and to recruit new scientists. Popular science, as a multifaceted genre, creates an accessible kind of exposure to the scientific world that can potentially lead to a career in that field. Considering this potential of the genre and keeping in mind that most popular science is written by men, the present study examined fifteen articles (five written by men, five by women, and five co-written by authors of both genders) for the presence of female language. Female language was differentiated from gendered language (which is tied to female stereotypes) and identified based on the frequency of certain linguistic markers found in texts produced by women. The results demonstrate that women and teams of authors that include women write differently than men do, thus confirming previous investigations into differences in linguistic production between men and women. The study suggests that exposing young women considering a career in science to popular science written by females might be beneficial in cementing their aspirations, as language has a strong connection to self-perceived gender identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the main actions of the Executive Committee during the 2015–2018 period, including improving the efficiency and transparency of the IAU Administration, promoting junior astronomers and enhancing gender balance among individual members, and maintaining a strong connection between the Executive Committee and the IAU Divisions.