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The concept of 'professional boundaries' -- widely used in sectors where professional relationships between adults are regulated -- has not commonly been drawn on in higher education (HE) to understand and denote appropriate relationships between faculty or staff and students. Nevertheless, in recent years the question of how to regulate sexual and romantic relationships between faculty/staff and students has been a developing policy concern within HE institutions internationally. In order to contribute to empirically-informed policy development in this area, this article explores students' levels of comfort with different sexualised and non-sexualised behaviours from staff/faculty, drawing on data from 1492 students from a national survey carried out in the United Kingdom, initially published in the National Union of Students' report "Power in the Academy" (2018). New analysis on this data is introduced, outlining scales of 'personal' and 'sexualised' interactions, which reveal the patterns of comfort and discomfort across different demographic groups of students, most notably women, LGBTQ+ students, and Black and Asian students. The analysis identifies areas of interaction with staff/faculty that are of concern to different groups of students, calling into question existing policy frameworks such as conflict of interest policies and varying levels of regulation for undergraduate and postgraduate students. In the light of these findings, the article makes two recommendations: first, that training on professional boundaries should be included in higher education teaching qualifications, and second, for the development of shared norms around professional boundaries within academic departments and professional societies.

This article discusses the history and evolution of the American Clinical & Climatological Association, highlighting its founding in 1884 and changes in its mission and structure over time. It emphasizes the association's commitment to diversity and its focus on climate, environment, and human health. The text also addresses the issue of maternal health disparities in the United States, particularly among Black and Native American women, and the need for culturally appropriate and respectful care. It discusses the lack of diversity in the medical student body and highlights efforts to increase diversity in the healthcare workforce. Ongoing initiatives, such as a $168 million study by the NIH, are mentioned to address the maternal health crisis and improve outcomes for marginalized communities. [Extracted from the article]

Put in place to protect the rights of the child, the Convention on the Rights of the Child is a set of non-negotiable standards. A core principle underpinning the Convention is the child's right to participate fully in social arenas and to access sources of social support without excessive interference. Juxtaposing this is the right of the child to be shielded from harm, abuse and exploitation. Over the past several decades the Internet has emerged as a fast and easily accessible medium for people to connect and communicate. While the Internet provides children with a source of support through chat rooms, online communities and social networking sites, just as equally it can expose vulnerable children to predatory and deviant individuals exacerbating the potential for harm. Upholding the Convention in cyberspace is a challenge. The Internet is not owned or regulated by any governing body and accountability is difficult to enforce. This article discusses some of the difficulties of upholding the Convention online and provides recommendations for policy-makers to protect children as they participate in cyberspace.

A unique talent development project took place in Belfast, Northern Ireland over the autumn (fall) term of 2007 that developed 60 young people from ten diverse schools (Special, Secondary, Grammar, Controlled (state schools) and Catholic Maintained). The project culminated in Manchester on 3 December 2007 when the Young People undertook a journey from Belfast to Manchester following in the footsteps of George Best--the famous Manchester United and Northern Ireland professional footballer. The event attracted a huge media interest--being covered by Northern Ireland's Ulster Television News programme, the leading Northern Ireland NI newspaper--The Belfast Telegraph, The Manchester Evening News, Manchester United Television-Sky channel, Manchester Evening News and BBC Manchester. A research study was undertaken in parallel with the project to quantify the young people's self-image, abilities and belief in achievement before, during and after the project. (Contains 8 tables.)

Argued to "raise boys' grades" and "boost boys' academic achievement", single-sex classes in coeducation schools is one strategy among a plethora aimed at raising standards. This paper explores the experiences of teachers in one coeducation post-primary school that sought to raise academic performance, particularly among boys, and to improve classroom behaviour by introducing single-sex classes. Funded by a local Education and Library Board the evaluation took place almost four years after the strategy was introduced and in a climate of increasing teacher concern with the effectiveness of the strategy. The methods involved a questionnaire survey to all teachers in the school and one-to-one and small group interviews with teachers responsible for teaching single-sex classes. Contrary to its stated aims, the majority of teachers believe that, since the introduction of single-sex classes, academic performance and classroom behaviour have deteriorated. Findings are discussed in terms of teachers' perceptions of the strategy and the importance organizational and contextual factors have on shaping teachers' attitudes to new initiatives. (Contains 4 tables.)

Addressing community needs or aspirations is critical for the success of marine protected areas (MPAs). However MPA design based on the results of systematic conservation planning tools alone does not fully represent important information on socioeconomic factors. This is because of the reliance of conservation planning tools on spatial data which is better suited to ecological rather than socioeconomic factors which are predominantly non-spatial. We present a case study from Raja Ampat in Indonesia, to demonstrate how we developed MPA zoning plans for six multiple use MPAs that encompass more than 1 million ha of the world's most diverse coral reef ecosystems. These were developed by combining analysis of ecological and spatial socioeconomic data using decision support tools (Marzone), and incorporation of non-spatial socioeconomic data from experts, stakeholders, and local communities. By explicitly including socioeconomic criteria and data into MPA zoning, the final zoning plans recognize community use and governance of resources, maximize equity and access to traditional fishing grounds, and better support long-term food security and livelihoods of local communities. These plans also met recommended guidelines for resilient MPA design and were supported by the community and MPA managers (i.e. Raja Ampat Regency and Indonesian National Government). This case study can act as a guide to other MPA managers and conservation practitioners to better incorporate socioeconomic considerations into MPA zoning plans and systematic marine conservation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coral reefs in Indonesia are threatened by destructive fishing including the use of bombs and cyanide. Reefs in eastern Indonesia are particularly affected including reefs within 17 Islands Marine Recreation Park (MRP), Riung, Flores. Coral reef ecosystems that have been damaged can recover when the threat is stopped but the ability to recover will depend on several factors including status of herbivorous fish stocks, availability of suitable substrate for coral larval settlement, larval source, water quality and local oceanography. This research focuses on assessing the recovery potential of coral reefs 17 Islands MRP by assessing these factors at 12 sites including [i.e coral emergence, herbivore fish biomass and abundance, oceanographic factors]. This research showed that South Tiga Island has the highest recovery potential, due to the high population of herbivorous fish that will assist in opening a new substrate for the settlement coral larvae and limit the growth of algae. This site also has good conditions for coral growth indicated by the highest cover of live hard coral, high available substrate and sheltered position. Furthermore this research really important to know site potential for reef recover. Also improve management prioritization of reef sites based on reef resilience factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Seagrass beds are of exceptional economic, ecological and social value in the Coral Triangle. The large number of people who live close to the coast and rely directly on marine resources for food and income paradoxically increases the value of, but also the threats to, these ecosystems. A key strategy of the Coral Triangle Initiative is to protect shallow coastal ecosystems through the design and implementation of resilient networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). This strategy requires accurate spatial data on the distribution and extent of coastal habitats (coral reef, seagrass and mangrove) at scales which match conservation planning decisions. In the Coral Triangle, seagrass distribution maps are not readily available at ecoregional scales. The Lesser Sunda ecoregion, extending from Bali, Indonesia to Timor-Leste, is one of 11 ecoregions of the Coral Triangle and a high priority for conservation and sustainable management of marine resources. To support the design of a resilient MPA network for the Lesser Sunda ecoregion, a seagrass distribution map was generated based on Landsat imagery, literature review and groundtruth data. Seagrass beds were estimated to cover an area of 273 km2 at an overall accuracy of 78%. Use of the seagrass distribution map in the MPA design improved the habitat representation and connectivity – key criteria for resilient MPA design. The final MPA design included 80 km2 of seagrass beds, with more than half the beds adjacent to coral reefs and mangroves. This study demonstrates the effective use of Landsat imagery and remote sensing techniques to derive ecoregional scale seagrass maps supporting MPA network design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are often managed using several management zones, each of which allows different human-uses. Decision support tools can be applied to provide advice on potential zoning configurations. However, few studies used decision support tools to systematically determine good locations for different types of zones that accommodate multiple and often conflicting objectives. Previous studies have mostly used scores to integrate multiple objectives and identify different zoning configurations or explored priority areas for each zone separately. Neither of these approaches ensure that solutions meet both biodiversity and human-use objectives. Nor do they deal with the fact that in zoning plans the whole is not the same as the sum of the parts, the importance of a site depends on how the rest of the sites are managed. The aim of this study was to identify different zoning configurations for the Raja Ampat MPA network in Eastern Indonesia that address biodiversity, sustainable fisheries and community resource access objectives. Identifying zoning configurations is particularly difficult here given the importance of protecting high biodiversity reefs and other conservation values, and the high reliance of local communities on their marine resources. Potential areas for no-take zones were identified that have a small and equitable impact across the fishing grounds of different fishing communities whilst ensuring each community has access to a ‘sustainable fishing zone’. Access to fishing grounds for each community is complicated due to marine tenure restricting where individuals can fish and reliance on traditional types of fishing vessels that restrict long distance travel. This approach for zoning was compared to three others. The first focused on identifying areas only for the no-take zone, a traditional systematic planning approach, and the second on both zones without explicitly accounting for the issue of resource access for each community. The solutions unfairly impacted particular communities. Finally, it is demonstrated how a pre-existing zoning proposal, driven by negotiation can be integrated into systematic planning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Bird’s Head Seascape located in eastern Indonesia is the global epicenter of tropical shallow water marine biodiversity with over 600 species of corals and 1,638 species of coral reef fishes. The Seascape also includes critical habitats for globally threatened marine species, including sea turtles and cetaceans. Since 2001, the region has undergone rapid development in fisheries, oil and gas extraction, mining and logging. The expansion of these sectors, combined with illegal activities and poorly planned coastal development, is accelerating deterioration of coastal and marine environments. At the same time, regency governments have expanded their marine protected area networks to cover 3,594,702ha of islands and coastal waters. Low population numbers, relatively healthy natural resources and a strong tenure system in eastern Indonesia provide an opportunity for government and local communities to collaboratively manage their resources sustainably to ensure long-term food security, while meeting their development aspirations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this article the author pays tribute to doctor Kenneth Jernigan, who changed her life by teaching her how to make her day activities count and also be a part of a bigger cause. She states that all of Jernigan's actions and all his works were directed toward large accomplishments. She states that she learned a philosophy about blindness and also learned how to get political influence and build an organization like National Federation of the Blind (NFB) in Louisiana.

The article offers information about the 2009 convention of the National Federation of the Blind (NFB) to be held in Detroit, Michigan from July 3-8.

Despite multiple invasive diagnostic procedures including exploratory laparotomy and surgical resection, our patient's diagnosis remained an enigma. However, given the clinical scenario and the documented PG, a trial of steroids was warranted. The patient has fared well since her treatment, with resolution of all her symptoms. We feel confident that her disease process is most consistent with, and is most likely. Crohn's disease. There are several lessons to be learned from this case: 1) Inflammatory bowel disease can present at any age and belongs in a clinician's differential diagnosis of fever and diarrhea. 2) Failure to consider IBD in an elderly patient may lead to significant delay in diagnosis, and may expose the patient to unnecessary and sometimes dangerous intervention. 3) IBD in the elderly generally follows the same clinical patterns seen in younger patients. 4) Appropriate therapy can lead to prompt control or even resolution of the signs and symptoms of IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serial histological specimens from 14 patients with the endoscopic diagnosis of erosive gastritis and/or duodenitis were examined for correlation between endoscopic and histological findings. All patients were symptomatic outpatients without history of alcoholism or usage of aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. After the initial diagnosis, the patients underwent follow-up endoscopy until healing of erosions at 1, 4, and 8 wk. Pairs of biopsies from the gastric fundus, body, and antrum, and the duodenum were obtained at each endoscopy. Agreement between histological and endoscopic findings occurred in only 56% of the 161 sites studied. The best correlation occurred in the duodenum when there was endoscopic disease (89%) and was worst in the stomach at all sites regardless of endoscopic findings (46%). A normal histology in the face of abnormal endoscopic changes was seen in only 16% of all biopsies. Histological inflammation occurred in 27% of all biopsies with a normal endoscopic appearance and in 55% of the normal endoscopic areas in the stomach. Histological appearances at each biopsy site remained constant in individual patients throughout the study. The specific histological findings, such as activity and severity, did not correlate with the endoscopic severity of inflammation or with any specific endoscopic appearances, such as erosions, petechiae, or nodules. In conclusion, the histological and endoscopic findings in the stomach from patients with symptomatic erosive gastroduodenitis correlate poorly while good correlation occurs in the duodenum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ninety-three patients with liver metastases underwent selective hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic agents through a surgically implanted hepatic artery catheter and pump. Fourteen patients who developed upper gastrointestinal symptoms at some time during the course of treatment were found to have gastroduodenal disease endoscopically. The severity of symptoms did not necessarily correlate with severity of endoscopic findings. There was no temporal relation between 5-fluoro-2′-deoxuridine infusion and symptoms; however, with mitomycin C, symptoms worsened in five of eight patients within 2 wk of the initial injection. Patients who received mitomycin C had more severe endoscopic findings and two of the 14 patients required partial or total gastrectomy. When biodegradable starch microspheres were coadministered with mitomycin C this was not associated with a higher incidence of gastroduodenal disease. The early experience with therapy using this system has been associated with a significant incidence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in such patients should alert one to potentially serious disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]