Search

This paper explores experiences of surrender to an aspect of mind that is unconfined, empty of dualistic concepts, and lucidly aware. Ghent's concept of surrender, Farber's unconscious will, and Buddhist philosophers' essence of mind all link to creative processes described by Poincaré and Mozart. This impressionistic collage points to the spaciousness to know beyond our usual stories. From this essential mind more wholesome actions proceed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fully autonomous vehicles, once legally and technically feasible and widely available, have numerous advantages compared to human-driven vehicles, from greater availability and shorter travel times to lower negative environmental emissions and fewer accidents. This, combined with a usage-based form of payment, can massively increase the usage rate of vehicles without the need for high initial investments. This study explores the determinants affecting the willingness to adopt Autonomous Mobility as a Service (AMaaS) in Germany. Utilizing a mobile cross-sectional survey via Pollfish, 400 complete responses of German speakers aged 18 years or older in Germany were collected to assess influential factors. The survey data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. Age, possession of a driving license, and the quality of public transport were identified as significant predictors. Younger people and driving license holders showed a higher willingness to use AMaaS, while low-quality public transport reduced their willingness to use it. This study concludes that targeted strategies for AMaaS implementation should consider these key demographic and infrastructural factors to maximize market penetration and acceptance in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mevzu is the property of Ali Sever and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The principle of freedom of will has been and remains to this day one of the fundamental principles of the current national inheritance law. Special significance in civil legal capacity is the right of subjects of inheritance relations to freely exercise their property rights and to dispose of things. The testamentary refusal (legacy) imposes a duty on the heir to fulfil certain property obligations. Nevertheless, in modern realities of testamentary refusal enforcement, problems are not excluded at all, and therefore require their resolution. Purpose: to identify legal characteristics of testamentary refusal and actual problems arising in inheritance relations, as well as to determine the best ways to solve these problems and the main directions for further improvement of national legislation in this area. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Specific scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpreting legal norms. Results: the study of the current legislation regulating the institute of testamentary refusal in the Russian Federation allows to consider its historical development, to determine the legal characteristics of its emergence and content, as well as current problems arising in law enforcement practice. It is established that the problem of fulfilling the obligation to grant the legatee the right to use residential premises is of particular importance. The authors propose the general directions of improving the national legislation in order to overcome the problems associated with the application of testamentary refusal.

Introduction. The article presents the axiological aspect of will as a phenomenon of a person's regulation of his behavior and scientific activity, in particular. The study of the mechanisms of volitional decisions in scientific knowledge is necessary, first of all, because the will is responsible for the formation of goals and the implementation of eff orts to realize them. The purpose of philosophical research is to identify the ontological sources of the phenomenon of will and their axiological analysis in scientific activity leading to creative judgments. Theoretical analysis. The axiological approach allows us to explore the possibilities of the mind, as opposed to impulsive desires, in conditions of making volitional decisions both in science and other forms of knowledge. The ontological basis of will is the presence of an obstacle, overcoming which becomes the fulfillment of a goal. In scientific activity, the will prevents the manifestation of emotional excitement, acting as a determinant of scientific research activity. An axiological analysis of will as a value and a source of positive emotions demonstrates the achievement of a goal by satisfying the need to overcome an obstacle that has a correlation with the category of singularity. Conclusion. A value analysis of the phenomenon of will shows the possibilities of human thinking for the most productive scientific activity, expressed in a combination of the optimal level of emotional stress and strong will.

Religious texts make up a part of the Turkic texts in Arabic letters. Some of these works, which deal with various subjects and were prepared to teach the Turks the sharia regarding the Islamic religion, have been translated from Arabic or Persian. In the past months, we have received a manuscript whose name, author, copyist and date of copying are unknown. The manuscript is in the private collection of Tunjay SAKALLIOGLU, a researcher from Kastamonu-Turkiye, and consists of several texts related to each other in terms of their subjects. It has come to our attention that the last part of the manuscript was written earlier. As a result of our research, it was estimated that this part had been written in Khwarezmian Turkic. This part consists of the hadiths conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad to Caliph Ali. This manuscript contains 98 hadiths starting with the phrase 'Yā Ali', which is in the form of advice the Prophet gave to Muslims through Ali. Almost all of the hadiths mentioned in the text were found in Arabic in the electronic book titled “Wasiyyetu'n-Nebî li-cAlî bin Ebî Ṭâlib”, which is available on the internet address "https://ar.lib.eshia.ir/". It can be said that this book is the Turkic translation of Wasiyyetu'n-Nebî li-Ali bin Ebî Ṭâlib. This study aims to introduce the work to the Turkologist and add a new work to the list of books in Khwarezmian Turkic. The study consists of three main parts: features of the book, text and index, except for the introduction and conclusion. In the features section of the book, the main language features identified are examined after the description of writing. In the text section, the work was transcribed and then an indexed dictionary of the work is provided. A facsimile of the manuscript is added at the end of the study.

Even if the present work has a purely critical-reconstructive approach to Hegelian thought in the various phases of his philosophical activity, it intends to show in detail the very close and intrinsic connection between the system and the concept of right both from a phenomenological and epistemic point of view. Since the beginning of Hegel's reflection, a close and repeatedly in-depth dealing with the juridical theme and in particular that of Person has been documented precisely because it represents the foundation of a 'substantialization' of the subject in its objectivity which finds in the will the constitutive moment of its same freedom. Alternatively, the subject would be inexorably relegated to the more or less natural indeterminacy of its own formal subjectivity without true content. At the level of secondary literature, based on what it has been possible to consult, it appears that the analysis has bene focused rather on the separate content of Recht's Hegelian concept and its articulations while the connection with the system has not been made at least sufficiently explicit and seems mantained rather in the background. As just hinted at, Hegel’s philosophy of right is a pivotal element inside his system and his theoretical evolution since his early thinking activity. Its concept is essentially what can be called ‘substance’, namely objectivity concerning the subjective finite subject and determining its real infinity, wherein its will by aspiring to it its will finds its authentic (initial) freedom. The concept of right is necessarily treated both phenomenologically so that the finite spirit experiences this juridical will in the Wirklichkeit of its apparent form, and epistemologically so as to present its true philosophical concept or idea inside the science of the objective spirit.

Introduction. In the modern system of military education in the Russian Federation, the issues of education of military professional qualities in future officers have become especially relevant. One of these qualities is the commander’s will. Theoretical analysis. A comparative analysis of the periods of formation and development of the system of education of the commander’s will in future officers allows us to conclude that at each historical stage of military education development, various approaches and methods were applied to the education of military personnel, and especially future officers. It is advisable to attribute the genesis of the problem under study to 1699 (the creation of a regular army). This study identifies five historical stages of the formation and development of the problem. The historiography of the problem of educating the commander’s will in future officers contains many examples of great Russian commanders, who, undoubtedly, personally were models of commanders with high volitional qualities and were really able to perform any assigned service and combat task, even in difficult conditions. Conclusion. Thus, five historical periods of formation and development of the system of education of the commander’s will in future officers have been identified and a brief description of each of them is given.

Background: Active engagement with feedback is crucial for feedback to be effective and improve students' learning and achievement. Medical students are provided feedback on their development in the progress test (PT), which has been implemented in various medical curricula, although its format, integration and feedback differ across institutions. Existing research on engagement with feedback in the context of PT is not sufficient to make a definitive judgement on what works and which barriers exist. Therefore, we conducted an interview study to explore students' feedback use in medical progress testing. Methods: All Dutch medical students participate in a national, curriculum‐independent PT four times a year. This mandatory test, composed of multiple‐choice questions, provides students with written feedback on their scores. Furthermore, an answer key is available to review their answers. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 preclinical and clinical medical students who participated in the PT. Template analysis was performed on the qualitative data using a priori themes based on previous research on feedback use. Results: Template analysis revealed that students faced challenges in crucial internal psychological processes that impact feedback use, including 'awareness', 'cognizance', 'agency' and 'volition'. Factors such as stakes, available time, feedback timing and feedback presentation contributed to these difficulties, ultimately hindering feedback use. Notably, feedback engagement was higher during clinical rotations, and students were interested in the feedback when seeking insights into their performance level and career perspectives. Conclusion: Our study enhanced the understanding of students' feedback utilisation in medical progress testing by identifying key processes and factors that impact feedback use. By recognising and addressing barriers in feedback use, we can improve both student and teacher feedback literacy, thereby transforming the PT into a more valuable learning tool. van Wijk et al. offer a clear and detailed overview of the barriers students experience using feedback following progress tests, thereby outlining essential steps toward improving their educational value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Post-stroke depression is a frequent but under-diagnosed condition. Nevertheless, it impacts participation in activities of daily living (ADLs) and the rehabilitation process. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of post-stroke depression on participation in ADLs and on occupational therapy (OT) intervention in adults. Methods: An observational study was conducted through a survey. The questionnaire covered OTs view about the influence of post-stroke depression on ADLs and occupational therapy treatment. Data collected by online questionnaire were analyzed through STATA®, using a mixed method. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: Sixty-three surveys were valid. Stroke adults manifest hopelessness toward the future, crying and nervousness ("often" / "always" >50%). They have often worse occupational performance than patients with stable mood (55.56%), especially in self-care activities (35.92%). The performance limiting factors are low volition (41%), reduced motor skills (30%), and reduced cognitive skills (19%). OT intervention with these patients aims to increase volition (21.30%), recover roles (16.61%), and improve self-care activities (14.08%). Conclusion: Mood disorders negatively affect participation in ADLs and OT intervention. This study highlights the importance of volitional factors in promoting occupational engagement and provides guidance for OT treatment. Further investigation through specific studies appears necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wills within the legislative+ system for donation contracts are considered highly beneficial and have a great impact on both testators and legatees. They hold financial and value dimensions aimed at linking today's generation with future generations, perpetuating humanitarian work, and extending it beyond death. Consequently, wills, along with other charitable resources such as endowments, constitute significant channels that can contribute to achieving sustainable development in societies. This study aims to illustrate the impact of the relationship between wills and sustainable development. It highlights the importance of wills for societal advancement, noting that they are no less important than endowment systems. This study concludes that the legislation of wills is among systems that encompass intergenerational ties; strengthen social cohesion; elevate societies by maintaining ties of kinship; improve the conditions of financially and socially disadvantaged people; provide education and healthcare for the underprivileged; and foster intergenerational bonds in the forms of compassion, empathy, and integration. Moreover, wills grant individuals participation in shaping a better future for forthcoming generations, in addition to alleviating the suffering caused by poverty and striving for self-sufficiency, social care, and education, thereby embodying the economic and social dimensions of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how language‐internal constraints regulate the future temporal reference (FTR) alternation across nine varieties of English around the world. We specifically marshal Variation‐Based Distance & Similarity Modeling (VADIS) to calculate distances between the varieties under study as a function of the non‐correspondence of the ways in which language users choose between FTR variants. Our linguistic data come from the spoken component of the International Corpus of English: the dataset covers 500 future marker observations per variety of English (Ntotal = 4500), richly annotated for seven language‐internal constraints (such as polarity and sentence type). VADIS uncovers a number of probabilistic grammar differences between the varieties of English under study, which are subsequently correlated with four language‐external distance measures: geographical distance, travel time distance, population size and GDP per capita. Mantel correlation analysis shows that language‐internal distances do not correlate with language‐external distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In seventh-century Byzantium, a prolonged and ardent debate arose concerning the sphere of operation and will in Christ, which became a major theological issue of the period. The problem and the theological debate evolved. The present article attempts to present the specificity of Monotheletism in terms of content and terminology, as well as examine its key thesis. The article discusses the relationship between the view on the unity of Christ's person and the belief in the unity of His will. The article also presents the reasons for maintaining a specific terminology by the Monotheletes and explains the essence of Monotheletism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agora (0211-6642) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Islamic theology, it is accepted as an ethical principle that holds the person responsible for the consequences of their behavior. However, there are different opinions among the schools of theology regarding whether it is an attribute of the act and the factor that makes the act preferable. While Mu’tazilite scholars argued that human beings have created, active, and free will, Ash’arites centered on the absolute will of God and said that humans will be passive. Although the Māturīdīs, like the Ashʿarīs, accept that God’s will is involved in everything, they also state that humans will be active in the act. Scholars who argued that the will is an accident adopted the view that it is a faculty independent of the biological structure of the human being. However, modern science has revealed that the will is not independent of the biological structure of the human being, contrary to what theologians claim. Neurobiologists have stated that human behavior is largely caused by brain activity and that biological factors directly affect behavior. Hormones and genetic factors have been found to significantly affect human behavior. Empirical research has also revealed that human beings do not have a will independent of their physiological structure. In this context, examples of the neurobiological basis of human behavior are presented in our study, and a theological analysis is made of the deep debates on the nature of human behavior. Based on personality changes after frontal lobe damage, the relationship between neurobiology and willpower was established, and this relationship was elaborated with different examples. Brain tumors, nervous system disorders, and medications can lead to behavioral changes, and the biological basis of pedophilia, excessive sexual behavior, and aggressive attitudes has been discussed. Thus, it has been determined that the human will is a structure related to the brain and biological processes. Based on the information obtained, the theological perspective and neurobiology were compared, and it was determined that there was a difference between the theological view that human beings are always responsible for having a will and neurobiology. Despite the view that people’s actions are generally conscious choices and that they are responsible for their consequences, biological factors that determine human behavior should not be ignored. It has been suggested that neuroscience can better explain human behavior, and that responsibility for action should be reconsidered theologically along with biological reasons. Finally, the distinction between theology and law was emphasized, and it was stated that each individual should be subject to a unique theological evaluation and that the social order should be implemented in a balanced manner of theology and law. It is concluded that discussions on the relationship between theology and neurobiology will help us understand the complexity of human behavior in more depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avolition in schizophrenia has been attributed to an underlying decoupling between affect and volitional action. It may be demonstrated behaviourally in the Anticipatory Consummatory Pleasure (ACP) task, whereby subjects may adjust the viewing (in time or future probability) of images with positive or negative affective content. Correspondence between response vigour and perceived affective intensity of the images was typically poorer in people with schizophrenia than healthy controls. Here, we investigated if ACP performance would be similarly modulated by schizotypal traits in the non-clinical population. Schizotypal traits were assessed in healthy adult volunteers using Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief before evaluation of ACP performance. Association between the three schizotypal traits and affect-volition coupling was examined by correlative analysis followed by comparison between dichotomized clusters. Affect-volition coupling appeared to correlate positively with increasing schizotypal traits, especially in the interpersonal and disorganization dimensions. Direct comparison between the two clusters of subjects demarcated with respect to all three schizotypy dimensions showed that actions motivated by future affective outcomes was selectively potentiated, as opposed to in-the-moment outcomes, in the higher schizotypy cluster. The positive modulation of affect-volition coupling by schizotypal traits seen here was unexpected given the robust decoupling reported in people with schizophrenia. Our data also contradicted with previous ACP studies reporting either an opposite or null relationship between schizotypy and affect-volition coupling. We speculate that the relationship across a more extended continuum of schizotypal traits may follow an inverted U-shape, thus either ends of the continuum is associated with suboptimal ACP performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article charts the different modalities of political transgression that marked an act of religious conversion and inter-faith marriage performed by a Muslim female subject in contemporary India, and the subsequent misreading of this transgression; a misreading made possible by liberal political thought's delineations of the conceptual category of "interest". Existing legal, political, academic, and popular discourses have read the prominent 2016 event of the conversion of a Hindu woman named Akhila into Islam, as either the "false consciousness" of a "vulnerable" individual whose self-interests were unintelligible to herself, or, as an unambiguous case of a "mature" woman in a "modernising" Kerala "choosing" to opt for an inter-faith marriage and to convert; a liberal idiom of choice that thereby needs to be safeguarded via Constitutional provisions. The article, even while acknowledging the political need to adhere to the latter reading/constitution of the female (Islamic) subject's sovereign desire to convert, shows some of the limitations of both these ideologically antithetical positions. It argues that the desire of Hadiya (Akhila's new name after converting to Islam) to convert remains unreadable by both the right-wing Indian judiciary, backed up by Hindutva forces, as well as the "left-liberal" feminist intelligentsia that sought to support her autonomy. In fact, both these ideologically opposed stances often legitimised each other. By examining the legal debates that took place in the Indian courts, the article shows how construing Hadiya's act of conversion solely through the legal-juridical prisms of "religious freedom" and "choice", pegged to the concept of self-interest, is vigorously insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The terms "yuḥibbu" (he loves) and "mā ʾuḥibbu" (I do not love), and similar expressions are frequently used in Āyahs and narrations cited by jurisconsults. These terms are related to the voluntary action of a Mukallaf (fason responsible for his religious duties), which is the subject of the field of jurisprudence. Therefore, a question is raised of whether their meanings and applications in Qurʾan, Sunnah, and the jurisconsults' expressions can be derived independent of clues and based on the context and their literal meanings. The present research considers the literal meanings of these terms and systematically analyzes the instances of using their derivatives in Qurʾan and Sunnah. The study also explores and reflects on the writings of Imāmī jurisconsults and provides a descriptive and analytical overview of the functions of these terms. It seems that When the optional action is loved with the Divine sources, it is the reason for the famission and preferring of the action. On the other hand, the lack of divine love (approval) indicates the imfamissibility of the action from the Mukallaf (fason responsible for his religious duties). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Con-textos Kantianos: International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Con-Textos Kantianos (CTK) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to give one of the possible answers to the interpretative question posed in interpretative case No. 2/2023 of the General Assembly of the Civil College (OSGK) of the Supreme Court of Cassation (SCC), namely „is it nullity on the grounds Art. 42, b. „c“ of the Inheritance Act (IA) a will which is made both for the care already taken of the testator and with a view to future care to be taken of him for the rest of his life; can in such a case, when interpreting the will of the testator, it be assumed that the only motive for making the will is contrary to the law, since it violates the principle of gratuity of the testamentary disposition?‘ In order to justify the answer proposed in this article, both the current judicial practice related to the posed question and the achievements of the Bulgarian civilist doctrine were used. Undoubtedly, the answer to this question will have a significant practical significance, as it will predetermine the direction of development of future judicial practice in this matter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manuel Piñon restores the Thomistic understanding of the concept of freedom, which was blurred by the interpretations of some of the Angelic Doctor's commentators--injecting into it ideas such as 'intrinsic active indifference' and 'capability for self-determination-by putting stress on the reflexive quality of the faculty of the will over its acts. Such is progressively developed in this article in three sections. In the first section, the clarification of the nature of the will as taught by Thomas Aquinas, which, according to the analysis of Piñon, acts self-reflexively, is discussed. In the second, the reasons offered by Piñon for expostulating that the will is a self-reflexive faculty, just like the intellect, are systematically presented. In the third, it is demonstrated how the self-reflexive modality of the volitive faculty over its specific acts. Finally, it is concluded with some personal observations and comments on the relevance of Piñon's elaboration on the Thomistic teaching of freedom to the practice of freedom by many today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of voluntary visual spatial attention have used attention-directing cues, such as arrows, to induce or instruct observers to focus selective attention on relevant locations in visual space to detect or discriminate subsequent target stimuli. In everyday vision, however, voluntary attention is influenced by a host of factors, most of which are quite different from the laboratory paradigms that use attention-directing cues. These factors include priming, experience, reward, meaning, motivations, and high-level behavioral goals. Attention that is endogenously directed in the absence of external attention-directing cues has been referred to as "self-initiated attention" or, as in our prior work, as "willed attention" where volunteers decide where to attend in response to a prompt to do so. Here, we used a novel paradigm that eliminated external influences (i.e., attention-directing cues and prompts) about where and/or when spatial attention should be directed. Using machine learning decoding methods, we showed that the well known lateralization of EEG alpha power during spatial attention was also present during purely self-generated attention. By eliminating explicit cues or prompts that affect the allocation of voluntary attention, this work advances our understanding of the neural correlates of attentional control and provides steps toward the development of EEG-based brain-computer interfaces that tap into human intentions.

Il vocabolario delle nature semplici trovato nelle Regulae scompare dalle opere e dalla corrispondenza successive di Cartesio, che conosce solo il vocabolario dell'idea. Ciò significa che le due nozioni sono equivalenti? Mostriamo che non è così. La natura semplice trae la sua semplicità e la sua certezza dall'unità dell'intuitus che la delimita: ciò che è conosciuto dall'intuitus è certo solo dalla luce naturale in cui l'intuitus lo dispiega e lo abbraccia. Questa capacità propria della mente di certificare da sé che qualcosa è conosciuto con certezza, testimonia il fatto che l'intuitus è certo in quanto fornisce un'evidenza, che la libera dalla possibilità dell'errore. Questo non è il caso dell'idea come percezione dell'intelletto, che come tale non può essa stessa garantire la propria certezza, poiché ciò spetta alla volontà nell'ambito della teoria del giudizio. L'idea, come percezione dell'intelletto, può contenere, in linea di principio, falsità e proprio da questa possibilità la facoltà di conoscere deve guardarsi nell'uso del giudizio. L'abbandono del vocabolario delle nature semplici in favore di quello dell'idea testimonia questa nuova posizione che si impone a Cartesio a causa della teoria della creazione delle verità eterne formulata nelle lettere a Mersenne del 1630 e correlativamente, dell'insieme delle condizioni in gioco per determinare l'essenza della verità come certezza non ancora compresa nel testo delle Regulae.

This article explores the intersection of 19th-century philosophy with historical events, spotlighting Nietzsche, Bentham, Kierkegaard, and Schopenhauer and their distinct perspectives on suffering as a positive element, reflective of the era's cultural and historical nuances. The first part of the paper is a summary of the 19th century and its noteworthy events. The second part argues that suffering is a constant element of human existence by highlighting conceptual similarities between all four philosophers when they describe the challenges that humans must face. The third part of the paper analyzes the relationship between suffering and self-knowledge. The fourth and last part of the paper explores the mechanism of suffering as an epiphenomenon.

In the endeavor to advance our understanding of interindividual differences in dealing with chronic pain, numerous motivational theories have been invoked in the past decade. As they focus on relevant, yet different aspects of the dynamic, multilevel processes involved in human voluntary action control, research findings seem fragmented and inconsistent. Here we present Personality Systems Interactions theory as an integrative meta-framework elucidating how different motivational and volitional processes work in concert under varying contextual conditions. PSI theory explains experience and behavior by the relative activation of four cognitive systems that take over different psychological functions during goal pursuit. In this way, it may complement existing content-related explanations of clinical phenomena by introducing a functional, third-person perspective on flexible goal management, pain acceptance and goal maintenance despite pain. In line with emerging evidence on the central role of emotion regulation in chronic pain, PSI theory delineates how the self-regulation of positive and negative affect impacts whether behavior is determined by rigid stimulus-response associations (i.e., habits) or by more abstract motives and values which afford more behavioral flexibility. Along with testable hypotheses, multimodal interventions expected to address intuitive emotion regulation as a central process mediating successful adaptation to chronic pain are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States (US) is amidst an opioid epidemic. In New York City (NYC), there are disparate rates of opioid overdose deaths among communities of color. Many harm reduction methods are being implemented to curb the opioid crisis. Little is known about which strategies people of color use to reduce their risk of a subsequent overdose. This qualitative phenomenological study highlights the lived experiences of 11 NYC Black and Latinx opioid overdose survivors and their strategies to reduce the likelihood of another overdose. ts. A thematic analysis was utilized to identify three significant themes: volition and control; risk factors for overdose; and risk reduction, services, and interventions. The sample's mean (±SD) age was 40.54 (±13.84); 54.55% identified as Latinx and 45.45% identified as Black. Social workers and other health professionals need continued education and training about harm reduction methods and overdose prevention strategies. Implications for social work practice, education, policy, and research are delineated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By accepting the role of human will in accepting and forming, maintaining, and using beliefforming procedures, John Heil emphasizes the responsibility of man towards beliefs. Despite Heil’s defense of indirect doxastic voluntarism, he follows a graded process from the directness of the will’s role in the procedure of forming and maintaining belief to the indirect influence of accepting and forming belief. In the formation of beliefs, Heil does not accept the direct will to believe, which is based on the famous idea of Cartesian. However, by distinguishing between direct doxastic voluntarism and indirect doxastic voluntarism, explaining the concept of basic and non-basic acts, and expressing procedures and techniques such as behavioral change, he tries to interpret the acceptance and formation of beliefs under the voluntary but indirect control of people. In this research, by using the analytical-critical method, we aim to show that by modifying Heil’s view, accepting epistemic responsibility based on the view of indirect doxastic voluntarism is meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical focus article is to highlight the significance of the therapeutic alliance (TA) and how it relates to speech and language therapy practice. We define the components of the TA through the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) framework in an effort to increase clinician understanding and implementation of the components of TA. Method: With the introduction of the RTSS, there have been ongoing efforts to increase specificity in describing and outlining rehabilitation treatments to better understand, research, and translate knowledge across the field. However, the inclusion of representations and volitional ingredients is often missing from current literature or limited to certain patient populations. We map the ingredients of the TA as intentional clinician actions to provide increased specification of volition components, with the goal of shaping and enhancing the patients' mental representations and offer insights for direct application in clinical practice. Conclusions: Ongoing efforts to educate and train speech-language pathologists on the invaluable contribution of mental representations and TA are imperative. Embedding this education within the RTSS framework may serve to underscore its equal contribution to the patient experience and associated outcomes. Ongoing research and efforts to further delineate volitional ingredients into therapeutic practice is essential to maximize patient engagement and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Philosophy / Felsefi Düşün is the property of Pinhan Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Testing an adapted psychology of working theory (PWT) model (PWT; Duffy et al., 2016), this study examined how and when contextual constraints affect the ability of Chinese rural migrant workers (农民工) to attain decent work. Surveying a sample of 510 employed Chinese rural migrants at two time points, this study revealed that economic constraints and daily discrimination were indirectly related to attaining decent work through the mediating factors of work volition and psychological ownership over work. In addition, proactive personality moderated the relationships between daily discrimination and economic constraints and the two mediators. The results contribute to better understanding Chinese rural migrant workers' work experience, refining the PWT and enriching the literature on the underlying mechanisms and moderating factors associated with decent work attainment. The research results call for policy and social change to lessen economic constraints and discrimination at the macro level and organizational commitment to employee-oriented human resource management and counseling interventions to improve the quality of the work lives of rural migrant workers. Public Significance Statement: The research results call for policy and social change to lessen economic constraints and discrimination at the macro level and organizational commitment to employee-oriented human resource management and counseling interventions to improve the quality of the work lives of rural migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Rehabilitation intervention descriptions often do not explicitly identify active ingredients or how those ingredients lead to changes in patient functioning. The Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) provides guidance to identify the critical aspects of any rehabilitation therapy and supported the development of standardly named ingredients and targets in voice therapy (Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System for Voice Therapy [RTSS-Voice]). This study sought to test the content validity of the RTSS-Voice and determine if the RTSS-Voice can be used to identify commonalities and differences in treatment (criterion validity) across clinicians in everyday clinical practice. Method: Five speech-language pathologists from different institutions videotaped one therapy session for 59 patients diagnosed with a voice or upper airway disorder. Specifications were created for each video, and iterative rounds of revisions were completed with the treating clinician and two RTSS experts until consensus was reached on each specification. Results: All 59 sessions were specified without the addition of any targets or ingredients. There were two frequent targets: (a) increased volition and (b) decreased strained voice quality. There were three frequent ingredients: (a) information regarding the patient's capability and motivation to perform a therapeutic behavior, (b) knowledge of results feedback, and (c) opportunities to practice voicing with improved resonance and mean airflow. Across sessions treating vocal hyperfunction, there was large variability across clinicians regarding the types and number of treatment components introduced, types of feedback provided, and vocal practice within spontaneous speech and negative practice. Conclusions: The RTSS and the RTSS-Voice demonstrated strong content validity, as they comprehensively characterized 59 therapy sessions. They also demonstrated strong criterion validity, as commonalities and differences were identified in everyday voice therapy for vocal hyperfunction across multiple clinicians. Future work to translate RTSS principles and RTSS-Voice terms into clinical documentation can help to understand how clinician and patient variability impacts outcomes and bridge the research--practice gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Short child occupational profile (SCOPE) screening tool is used to assess different factors of functional abilities and record the progress levels of individuals in occupational therapy interventions. This study aimed to validate a Persian version of the SCOPE test. Methods: This methodological research was conducted in two stages, including translation... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the technology advancement and emergence of new trading methods for the greater welfare of humankind, the acceptance and non-acceptance (rejection) of the theory of union and spiritual distinction in meeting-place option (khiyār-i majlis) are among the issues that play a significant role in preserving the acquired rights of individuals in social life. In the past, arguments were placed in the meeting-place option regarding the relevance of union and physical distinction according to the form of the old trading methods, and gradually, with the emergence of transactions such as telephone contracts, internet contracts, etc. the topic of having an intellectual relationship was also raised by some experts. Now, the author uses a descriptive-analytical method regarding the loss of this intellectual relationship to prove a new claim under the title of the spiritual distinction theory in the meeting-place option based on intellectual connection, according to all the verses that indicate the importance of the intention and will of the parties and emphasis on the integrity and necessity of contracts, by reconciliation between conflicting traditions and justified justification of the conflicting narrative to the spiritual distinction in companionship of intellectuals procedure as well as resorting to the analogy of priority and the ruling of wisdom. According to the proof and acceptance of this theory in the event of disruption of the intellectual connection of the parties despite their physical union, the distinction, which is the end of the destruction of the meeting option, is realized due to the lack of objectivity of the physical distinction and union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kant’s solution for the problem of freedom of the will rests on his transcendental idealism and its differentiation of appearances and things in themselves. Human beings, with their bodies and observable inner and outer activities, are objects of perception (empirical intuition) and therefore appearances. These are only the appearances of their noumenal selves. Human beings are determined by laws of nature in all their perceivable alterations which include all their actions, but their noumenal selves, not being in time, are not determined by the necessity of causal laws of nature, but can be determined by the moral law of their pure practical reason which they give to themselves. The actions of the will, observable volitions and external actions, can therefore, at the same time, be under the necessitating law of nature, i.e. be unfree, and, as appearances of the self-determination of their noumenal will (by fulfilling the demands of the moral law), be free. Two professors of Jena University, Ulrich and Schmid, accept part of Kant’s transcendental idealism but contend that the many transgressions of the moral law in human acting must have their noumenal reason in the agent’s intelligible character or in the intelligible substrate of nature. This theory is called “intelligible fatalism”.

Background. The paper presents the results of research into the features of volitional regulation among Tuvans living in rural areas and cities. Objectives. The study had its purpose to test the hypothesis about the relationship of volitional regulation with the characteristics of the lifestyle and semantic sphere of the respondents. Methods: “Action Control Scale”, “Questionnaire for identifying the severity of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity, and behavior”, PIL test, and the author's ad hoc questionnaire for studying the lifestyle characteristics. Sample. Tuvans living in Erzin (185 people), in Mugur-Aksy (265 people), in Kyzyl (172 people), and in Moscow (105 people) were compared. In total, the study involved 727 people aged 18 to 79 years, 466 women and 261 men. Results. It is shown that Tuvans living in rural vs urban areas assess their lifestyle differently. Rural residents are significantly more likely (p = 0.01) to assess their way of life as traditional whereas urban residents consider their lifestyle as modern (p = 0.01). MANOVA revealed the significant differences between the compared groups in all indicators of volitional regulation. Сovariance analysis showed that these differences are due to the lifestyle characteristics as well as the features of the respondents’ semantic sphere. The data processing obtained significant effects of the PIL test indicators and lifestyle characteristics for the Action Control Scale (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively), for emotional self-control (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01), behavioral self-control (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01), and social self-control (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01). Conclusion. The obtained results allow to assume that in the process of modernization/urbanization of Tuvan society, the role of traditions and group experience in the regulation of activity decreases whereas the role of volitional regulation increases.

Among the many debates concerning God’s relation to the world, the teaching of the existence of the idea of created beings in the eternal Word is noteworthy. This brings the question of exemplarity, which denotes not only the similarity of the effect to the cause, but also the asymmetrical relationship that exists between the Creator and creation, which is one of transcendence. This opens up the question of how creatures exist in their own nature and what epistemological significance it has to know things in the light of the Word. God is not the first but the last object of human knowledge. For Thomas Aquinas, this opens up a number of interesting questions about the cognition of things in God, and thus guides soteriological and eschatological reflection. For Aquinas, being in God would mean that there is dependence in existence because God conserves theesseof all things, but also that the creature is related to the divine essence when it is in God as in the power of the agent or as in the knower. At the same time, although the existence in God, first as an idea, is more perfect, because of God’s perfection, nevertheless, to exist in own nature is more perfect from another perspective. This seems to be a very important claim against the occasionalist approach, according to which a being does not have its own nature because God acts in its place. For Aquinas, God’s respect for the nature of created beings marked the proper understanding of divine action in the world.

The present study sought to achieve the two goals of developing a conceptual model of will based on Islamic sources and examining its validity using the method of linguistic semantics, qualitative content analysis and descriptive contextualization methodsBy forming the semantic field of will, 36 basic concepts of will are identified in Islamic sources.The results of the "content validity check" at this stage led to the elimination of 20 concepts and the remaining 16 concepts.The results of the search for explanatory descriptive sentences related to the sixteen concepts amounted to 52146 data based on the principle of saturation. They were screened in two stages, the weakness of the book and the lack of conceptual connection.The result of the screening was the removal of 51081 data and the remaining 1074 data, which were analyzed by coding them in three stages: primary open coding, central open coding, and selective open coding.The result of this process was 265 open codes,19 core codes and 4 selective codes.This process showed that, according to Islamic sources, the will consists of 19 components in the form of 4 dimensions.These components are: intellect and air of the soul (as a super-organizer),belief patterns, desires and needs, mood, environment. Socio-cultural (antecedent dimension), environmental events, attention, personal reflections, arousal, evaluation, intention, active effort, action (process dimension), psychological-spiritual collapse, worldly-hereafter confusion, psychological-spiritual growth, action organization and resilience (consequence dimension).These components were evaluated by 9 humanities and psychology experts and were evaluated as favorable using"Content Validity Index (CVI).This modelwillhavetheability tobe convertedinto psychologicalmeasures andeducational-psychological protocols.