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Continual re-evaluation of standards for forensic anthropological analyses are necessary, particularly as new methods are explored or as populations change. Indian South Africans are not a new addition to the South African population; however, a paucity of skeletal material is available for analysis from medical school collections, which has resulted in a lack of information on the sexual dimorphism in the crania. For comparable data, computed tomography scans of modern Black, Coloured and White South Africans were included in addition to Indian South Africans. Four cranial morphoscopic traits, were assessed on 408 modern South Africans (equal sex and population distribution). Frequencies, Chi-squared tests, binary logistic regression and random forest modelling were used to assess the data. Males were more robust than females for all populations, while White South African males were the most robust, and Black South African females were the most gracile. Population differences were noted among most groups for at least two variables, necessitating the creation of populations-specific binary logistic regression equations. Only White and Coloured South Africans were not significantly different. Indian South Africans obtained the highest correct classifications for binary logistic regression (94.1%) and random forest modelling (95.7%) and Coloured South Africans had the lowest correct classifications (88.8% and 88.0%, respectively). This study provides a description of the patterns of sexual dimorphism in four cranial morphoscopic traits in the current South African population, as well as binary logistic regression functions for sex estimation of Black, Coloured, Indian and White South Africans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies and explores an inciting incident in two pre-apartheid South African novels: the trope of an 'arrival from abroad'. This trope centres on a character arriving by train from a place figured as foreign, whether that is Cape Town or London, to the rural South African setting of the story, bringing ideas of interracial togetherness with them that challenge local racial hierarchizations. Two novels are used as case studies, one from the beginning of the 20th century – Perceval Gibbon's Margaret Harding (1911) – and one written on the eve of apartheid – Peter Abrahams's The Path of Thunder (1948). The traveller from abroad is either a black South African who has been educated in Europe or Cape Town and arrives home to effect change, or the traveller is a white character from Europe whose values are pitted against those of white South Africans. In both cases, the 'arrival from abroad' is a destabilizing force to the local community, bringing often unwelcome ideas from outside. Together, Gibbon's and Abrahams's novels allow me to explore the interrelations between the mobility of ideas from one place to another, ideologies of race, the figure of the outsider, and train travel in South African literature from the first half of the 20th century. Comparing Gibbon and Abrahams enables me to trace differences and continuities over time and in diverse uses of the trope. This article argues that the 'arrival from abroad' trope is used to embody a notion of mobile ideas at a time when trains served to shift both goods and people to radical effect on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date South African forensic anthropologists are only able to successfully apply a metric approach to estimate population affinity when constructing a biological profile from skeletal remains. While a non-metric, or macromorphoscopic approach exists, limited research has been conducted to explore its use in a South African population. This study aimed to explore 17 cranial macromorphoscopic traits to develop improved methodology for the estimation of population affinity among black, white and coloured South Africans and for the method to be compliant with standards of best practice. The trait frequency distributions revealed substantial group variation and overlap, and not a single trait can be considered characteristic of any one population group. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests demonstrated significant population differences for 13 of the 17 traits. Random forest modelling was used to develop classification models to assess the reliability and accuracy of the traits in identifying population affinity. Overall, the model including all traits obtained a classification accuracy of 79% when assessing population affinity, which is comparable to current craniometric methods. The variable importance indicates that all the traits contributed some information to the model, with the inferior nasal margin, nasal bone contour, and nasal aperture shape ranked the most useful for classification. Thus, this study validates the use of macromorphoscopic traits in a South African sample, and the population-specific data from this study can potentially be incorporated into forensic casework and skeletal analyses in South Africa to improve population affinity estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2008, Dayal and colleagues generated regression equations to estimate the total skeletal height (TSH) of White South Africans. However, the validity of these equations has been questioned. The magnetic resonance imaging scanograms of 74 White South African adults were used to assess the reliability of these equations. The physiological lengths of the femur (FEPL) and tibia (TPL) were measured from these scans and input into the appropriate equations by Dayal and colleagues to calculate TSHD. Paired t-tests, mean differences (MD), and mean absolute differences (MAD) were used to compare TSHD with the measured TSH (TSHMeas) taken directly from the scanograms and ELS were compared with the measured stature (LSM) taken of participants prior to their scans. Although there were no significant differences between TSHMeas and TSHD for males and TSHMeas and TSHD(TPL) for females, all ELSL were significantly different to LSM, and the ELSC using the FEPL were significantly different to LSM. These significant differences and associated large MD and MAD conclude that the equations by Dayal and colleagues are no longer valid. New stature estimation equations were derived for the estimation of stature of White South Africans, characterized by strong correlations and low SEEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a collection of three letters written by M. Masud R. Khan to Svetlana Beriosova. In the first letter, Khan discusses his admiration for Beriosova's dancing and references a passage from Sir Anthony Blunt's book on artistic theory. He also comments on the concept of grace in art and its absence in certain performances. In the second letter, Khan shares a folk story from a book about the experiences of African Americans during slavery. He contrasts the simplicity and directness of these narratives with the convoluted and pseudo-psychological style of Beatnik writers. In the third letter, Khan discusses T.S. Eliot as a nonsense poet and explores the concept of Nonsense literature in various art forms. He also mentions his reading of a biography of James Joyce and reflects on the parallels between Joyce's life and his daughter's mental illness. [Extracted from the article]

Among the first English speakers in Namibia, South African Coloureds came to form an essential part of an ethnically fluid intermediate social class in colonial Namibia. This study seeks to pinpoint to what extent Coloured English varieties have been contributing to Namibian English and how much prestige is attached to them. To this end, this study simultaneously uses linguistic and perceptual data. One dataset consists of English phonetic data elicited from a representative urban sample of young Namibians. That dataset is analysed to establish what phonetic features mark out Coloured Namibian English varieties and to what extent they are found in other ethnolinguistic varieties and across social classes. The study then reports on a verbal guise experiment whose aim is to establish how young Namibians rate Coloured Namibian English varieties. Finally, the study analyses folk comments on Namibian English accents elicited from young Namibian focus groups. The study finds that, in terms of vowel realization patterns, Coloured Namibian English varieties sit in between White and Black Namibian English varieties, forming part of a continuum of which one extremity displays a White South African English imprint. The less ‘Afrikaans‐accented’ Coloured English varieties—associated with women—are developing middle‐class indexicalities. The fact that these varieties are targeted by young Black women and are perceived as ‘General Namibian English’, the study concludes, confirms that Namibian English is norm‐developing, as befits any Outer Circle variety. It is loosely tied to (South African) Inner Circle norms and has entered Phase 4 (‘endonormative stabilization’) of E. Schneider's Dynamic Model. The normative influence of Namibian Coloured English, the study argues, shows that the Dynamic Model needs fundamental adjustment to properly account for the role of non‐Europeans in Outer Circle dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the complexities and challenges of land reform in South Africa, highlighting the enduring issue of White land ownership nearly twenty years after the end of Apartheid. It delves into the historical injustices and current tensions surrounding land distribution, particularly the substantial percentage of private farmland still controlled by White South Africans.

This paper concentrates on the self-reflexive and multi-voiced narration in Damon Galgut's The Promise. Adopting Elleke Boehmer's analysis of postcolonial poetics and Derek Attridge's notion of resistance, the discussion shows how Galgut's novel both invites and resists modes of reading associated with the third-person narrative, specifically the principles of detachment and narratorial omniscience. The first part of this article investigates the narrator's complex interaction with the protagonists and the narratees. One feature of narration in The Promise is that it shows the narrator as belonging to the same racial group as the protagonists, at the same time seeking to transcend the limitations of their viewpoint. The fact that the protagonists' racially inflected perception of the world is projected onto the narratees impacts the readers' reception of the narrative text, denying them a stable subject position from which to judge the thoughts and actions of the protagonists. The second part of the article is devoted to the treatment of narratorial omniscience, which is consciously and self-reflexively limited by Galgut's decision to focus on the perspective of white South Africans. It is shown that the narrator's limitations direct our attention to the boundary between the said and the unsaid, thus resisting modes of reading connected with the realist novel. The conclusion of the article considers The Promise in the wider context of the liberal humanist tradition, arguing that the novel can be situated in the broad tradition of reconstructed liberalism, though it should be kept in mind that Galgut's treatment of this stance is characterized chiefly by cautiousness and political realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two recent books, "Conscientious Objector to the Apartheid Army" by Peter Graham Moll and "Whites and Democracy in South Africa" by Roger Southall, shed light on the role of white South Africans in the struggle against apartheid and their ongoing involvement in the country's political life. Moll's memoir details his arrest and imprisonment in the 1970s and 1980s, highlighting the brutality of his treatment and his personal transformation. Southall's book provides a comprehensive analysis of white South Africans' political role from 1910 to the present, emphasizing their continued economic dominance and political power. Both books offer valuable insights into the complex dynamics of race and democracy in South Africa. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the book "Envisioning African Intersex: Challenging Colonial and Racist Legacies in South African Medicine" and highlights two major contributions of the book. The first contribution is the examination of citational chains that reinforce problematic and unethical medical scholarship in intersex diagnosis and treatment. The author focuses on the influential but flawed work of HJ Grace, which perpetuated the myth of higher intersex conditions among Black South Africans. The second contribution is the connection between trans diagnostic protocol and racialized gender, exploring how scientific-sounding theories are used to discredit trans existence. The article also discusses the concept of social death and its relevance to intersex and minoritized trans experiences. [Extracted from the article]

The anatomical method is considered the most accurate stature estimation method, however, research has concluded that the soft-tissue correction factors associated with this method may be sex- and population-specific. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the applicability of these soft-tissue correction factors for the estimation of stature in White South African males. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 30 White South African male volunteers, between 21 and 59 years of age, were used to collect skeletal measurements of bones that contribute to total skeletal height. The soft-tissue correction factors within the literature were subsequently applied to estimate the living stature of each individual. Paired t-tests were used to compare the accuracies of these estimates of living stature to the measured heights of the participants. Living stature was significantly underestimated using the soft-tissue correction factors of Fully (1956; 6.14 cm), Raxter and colleagues (2006; 4.80 cm), and Brits and colleagues (2017; 0.96 cm), and significantly overestimated by Bidmos and Manger (2012; 9.65 cm). Cloete's (2017) equation overestimated stature by 0.65 cm, however, this was not significant. These results suggest population-specific soft-tissue correction factors associated with stature estimation and, therefore, the newly derived stature estimation equations should be used to estimate stature of White South African males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is centered around three Africans who wrote on the themes of home and exile: Chinua Achebe, a celebrated Nigerian writer; Lewis Nkosi, an accomplished Black South African writer and journalist; and me, Robin Cohen, a White South African social scientist. Their views on home and exile are discussed in the form of a comparison and implicit conversation (a trialogue). The lives of these three protagonists barely touched, but there are some odd intersections that will serve to sharpen the differences between them. By shedding light on the ambiguities of what home and exile mean to different social actors, the virtuous and somewhat uniform assumptions that are frequently used to describe the exilic condition are questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text examines the role of moral emotions, specifically disgust and loyalty, in the global anti-apartheid movement. Activists used these emotions to create a powerful case against apartheid, framing it as a disease that needed to be isolated. The movement employed strategies such as boycotts, travel restrictions, and targeting individuals and organizations with ties to South Africa. The African National Congress (ANC) played a central role in shaping the movement, with its call for boycott, divestment, and sanctions being followed with religious fervor by its supporters. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding moral emotions in the study of international and global history. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of South African Journal of Cultural History is the property of South African Society for Cultural History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Three-dimensional (3D) anatomical extraction techniques could help the forensic anthropologist in a precise and inclusive assessment of biological phenotypes for the development of facial reconstruction methods. In this research, the nose morphology and the underlying hard tissue of two South African populations were studied. To this end, a 3D computer-assisted approach based on an automated landmarking workflow was used to generate relevant 3D anatomical components, and shape discrepancies were investigated using a data set of 200 cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans. The anatomical landmarks were placed on the external nose and the mid-facial skeleton (the nasal bones, the anterior nasal aperture, the zygoma, and the maxilla). Shape differences related to population affinity, sex, age, and size were statistically evaluated and visualised using geometric morphometric methods. Population affinity, sexual dimorphism, age, and size affect the nasal complex morphology. Shape variation in the mid-facial region was significantly influenced by population affinity, emphasising that shape variability was specific to the two population groups, along with the expression of sexual dimorphism and the effect of ageing. In addition, nasal complex shape and correlations vary greatly between white and black South Africans, highlighting a need for reliable population-specific 3D statistical nose prediction algorithms. Significance: • 3D anatomical structures were acquired and extracted from 200 CBCT scans of modern South Africans. • Geometric morphometric methods were applied. • Soft- and hard-tissue nasal complex morphology vary across South African groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The anterior nasal spine is a pointed, midline projection of the maxilla. This bony structure dictates the overlying soft tissues providing the phenotypic features of the nose and upper lip and determines the differences in the mid-face morphology. Little data is available on the metric features of the Anterior nasal spine (ANS). This study aimed to perform metric evaluations of the ANS of white and black South African males and females to ascertain if morphological variations exist and if the differences are viable for the use in sex and population identification. Materials and methods: The sample included 100 CBCT images for each population and sex group. Linear and angular measurements of the ANS were recorded in both the sagittal and axial planes. Results: Classification decision trees (pruned) were fitted to ascertain the relationship between population group, sex and the ANS measurements including and excluding age. For population group, all the ANS measurements were statistically significant for females but in males, all the ANS measurements were significant when performed individually. However, when fitted to the classification tree, Sagittal 2 did not show any statistical significance. When considering sex, only 2 of the ANS measurements (Sagittal 2 and Axial 1) were found to be significant. The results did not differ significantly when comparing the decision trees including and excluding age. Conclusions: White South African individuals presented with a longer ANS that produced a more acute angle whereas black South African individuals presented with a shorter ANS and a more obtuse angle. Additionally, males presented with a longer ANS compared to females. ANS measurements were found to be more relevant for population discernment than for sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of African soldiers in the apartheid security apparatus in South Africa during the Cold War and post-Cold War era. It acknowledges that these soldiers played a significant role in supporting the racial regime and combating communism, but their experiences and contributions are often overlooked. The article suggests that further research is needed to understand the experiences and trajectories of African forces during this time period. It also discusses the challenges of researching African soldiers due to limited access to archival records and proposes alternative methods such as veteran-authored memoirs and oral history interviews. The authors argue for a diverse research agenda to study the role and experiences of African soldiers in this context. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the connections between the end of apartheid in South Africa and the end of the Cold War. It discusses the African National Congress (ANC)'s victory in the 1994 elections and Nelson Mandela becoming the first black president of South Africa as significant moments in Africa's decolonization. The article examines different interpretations of the relationship between the Cold War and the struggle against apartheid, including the ANC's historical ties to China and Russia. It also mentions various scholars and their research on the complexities of the Cold War's impact on southern Africa. The article concludes by discussing different perspectives on when and how the Cold War ended in the region and highlights the enduring legacies of the anti-imperialist struggle in the region's politics and foreign policy alignments. [Extracted from the article]

In the aftermath of the 'Rhodes Must Fall' Movement and the 'Black Lives Matter' protests, the politics of heritage has been at the centre of new intellectual debates and political demands, especially in relation to the status of problematic historical monuments. This article examines a form of colonial heritage that has remained politically uncontested as well as unexplored in the specialised literature, i.e. monuments memorialising early modern European sea voyages, in particular those pertaining to Bartolomeu Dias, credited as the first European navigator to successfully complete the maritime route to India, through the Western Cape. The article suggests that Dias can be productively seen not only as a symbol of pre-apartheid European colonisation, but more importantly as part of apartheid's broader settler colonial narrative of Southern African history. Drawing on the example of monuments exchanged between Lisbon and Pretoria in the early 1960s, the article argues that settler heritage making played into white South African narratives of European settler 'pioneerism', but also served to cement politico-diplomatic solidarity and friendship between white-ruled states in Southern Africa. By unveiling the politics and history of settler heritage in South Africa, the article hopes to convince its readers that Dias, too, must fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Making sense of people and place in linguistic landscapes" explores the concept of Linguistic Landscapes (LLs) and emphasizes the importance of people in understanding LLs. The book is organized into three sections: Living the past in the present, Alternative places, alternative people, and Imagining futures, imagining selves. The chapters in each section examine different aspects of LLs, such as the temporal dimensions, sense of belonging and orientation, and the development of relationships and (re)imagining the world. The book focuses on the global South and aims to give voice to underrepresented histories, knowledges, and aspirations. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the work of South African artist Mikhael Subotzky, specifically his series of photographs called "Die Vier Hoeke" which examines life in Pollsmoor Prison. The author commends Subotzky for his ability to capture the everyday aspects of prison life without sensationalism or moralizing. The article also discusses Subotzky's other projects that explore themes of freedom, subjection, and racial ordering in post-apartheid South Africa. The author visits Subotzky's studio and encounters his tape-transfer compositions, which they find visually intriguing and frustrating due to their evanescent nature. The text also delves into Subotzky's exploration of the ontology and epistemology of photography, as well as his critical reflection on whiteness and settler colonialism in post-apartheid South Africa. The author concludes by praising Subotzky's latest film, "Epilogue: Disordered and Flatulent," as a culmination of his complex artistic journey as a white South African. [Extracted from the article]

Feminist scholars such as Ann Laura Stoler and María Lugones have shown how colonial patriarchy, or patriarchal coloniality, constructs and relies on a vulnerable, sexually pure, and passive white femininity in oppositional relation to a rapacious Black masculinity. This logic serves four political agendas: it racializes the colonized, secures and justifies (paternalistic) patriarchal control over white women and their reproductive sexuality, legitimizes racial segregation and dispossession and the control and surveillance of Black men, and renders Black women disposable, beyond the reach or concern of the law. In the South African (post)colony, as in colonial situations everywhere, the imposed vulnerability of the white woman (constructed as a foil for a heroic and protective white nationalist masculinity) has historically served as a justification for both patriarchal and white racial control, installing the white man at the top of the naturalized racial-sexual order. This positionality renders the cooperation of the white South African feminine subject key to the maintenance of the colonial structures of white power. In contrast to the work of scholars like Samantha Vice and Robin DiAngelo, who hold silence and guilt to be the only valid contribution that white people can offer to antiracist struggles, we recast the white woman's positionality as one that contains specific power and potential for resistance against systems of colonial racialization. We argue that white women are uniquely able to speak and act productively against systems of racism because of their racial/gendered subject positioning in relation to white male power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1970s, a network of politicians, media, businesspeople, clergy, expatriates, and activists coalesced on Canada's political right wing to provide tangible support to white minority regimes in southern Africa. But what did white minority rule represent to these individuals and groups, and why were they willing to endure reputational costs and other penalties on behalf of Pretoria and Salisbury? Drawing on newly declassified material from Canadian, British, and South African archives, this article argues that white South Africans and Rhodesians were designated as part of the Canadian political right's in-group, or "moral circle of concern," seen to be combating the same existential threat posed by the advance of "liberalism" in other political theaters. Mapping this network of support for white minority rule not only offers insight into the history of conservatism in Canada but reveals much about the spread of norms of racial equality in the late 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the enduring popularity and impact of radio in Africa, particularly in southern Africa. Despite being overshadowed by newer technologies in the Global North, radio remains the most popular mass medium in Africa. The article highlights the lack of scholarly attention given to African radio in the past, but notes a recent increase in historical and ethnographic studies. The article also explores three themes in African radio: its transnational nature, the significance of voice, and the meaning of radio for listeners. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of studying radio and its historical and cultural context. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the relationship between race and transitional justice, focusing on the challenges of addressing historical injustices such as slavery and apartheid. It discusses three recent works that explore this topic through the lenses of reparations and apology. The article emphasizes the need to understand the ongoing effects of past harms and the responsibility to address racial subordination. It also highlights the limitations of international legal tools and the importance of involving victim communities in the process of seeking redress. The text concludes by discussing different approaches to reparations and the potential for transformative responses. [Extracted from the article]

In 2016, Polcerová and Králik created an open-access software program, Stature, designed to automate the estimation of living stature in forensic and archaeological cases. This program includes 22 equations from 13 publications, based on both anatomical and mathematical methods to automate stature estimations. This program does not currently include any population data relating to South Africa, and therefore, this study aimed to assess the accuracy of the program Stature to estimate living stature from the skeletal remains of White South African adults. The living stature of 40 male and 20 female White South African adults from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Modern Human Skeletons was automatically estimated by the program (ELSP). These estimates were then compared to stature estimates generated by the multivariate equation using the physiological length of the femur and tibial length formulated specifically for the estimation of stature of White South Africans (ELSD). The vast majority of the ELSP significantly under- or overestimated the living stature of this sample, however various ELSP did estimate stature with a sufficient degree of accuracy. It was found that the estimates which were significantly different were associated with the largest inaccuracies, biases, and SEE values and are not applicable to this population group. The equations, using standardised measurements, which were not significantly different could accurately estimate the living stature of White South Africans, however, it is recommended that the data of White South African populations be incorporated into the program Stature for increased accuracy and diversity.

In the 1922 referendum White Southern Rhodesian voters rejected the Union of South Africa in favour of becoming a self-governing part of the British empire. This article will examine White Southern Rhodesian perceptions of South Africa during the referendum, considering historiographic ideas, particularly the 'British world', using contemporary newspapers and letters. The argument of this article is that White Southern Rhodesians saw themselves as distinct from White South Africans and that this is emblematic of the complicated nature of the 'British world' idea. The 'British world' is a useful idea, but it is hindered by the ambiguity of its parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restitution has predominantly been described as a legal rather than a social action in international law, as well as in South Africa's history of truth, reconciliation and redress policies after the end of apartheid. Introducing the concept of 'social restitution' this paper argues for a reimagined and wider understanding of restitution to address the need for social justice in the spaces between the law court and individual acts of charity, and between policies for redress and personal antipathy against these. Social restitution can be defined as intentional voluntary actions and attitudes developed through dialogue based on a sense of moral obligation aimed at addressing the damage done to individuals and communities by unjust actions and legacies of the past. Drawing on international debates about and understandings of the meaning of restitution, social restitution is shown to be both continuous with legal restitution and distinguished from it through its voluntary nature, its potential to be forwardlooking rather than punitive, generative rather than accusatory, and offering everyday opportunities to bridge the gap between 'knowing' about injustice and 'acting' to repair it. Following this discussion, the latter part of the paper outlines the need for new categories of actors in contexts of injustice beyond those of victim, perpetrator and bystander (the Hilberg triangle of actors), introducing the ideas of beneficiaries and resisters; argues for the potential social restitution has as a mechanism for rehumanising all actors; and offers recommendations for how engaged action-oriented dialogues might contribute to achieving this aim, while noting the limits and dangers of dialogue. It draws on an empirical study on the meaning and actions of restitution conducted with black and white adult South Africans in making some of its arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Philologist / Filolog: Journal of Language, Literary & Cultural Studies is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology / Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Filoloski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Botha, Smuts and the Great War" is a book that explores the involvement of South Africa in World War I, focusing on the roles of political and military leaders Louis Botha and Jan Smuts. The authors highlight the connection between military decision-making and the country's politics, as well as the influence of the press on the leaders' campaigns. The book also discusses the conquest of German South West Africa and German East Africa, and the ambitions of the South African leaders for wider African conquest. Overall, the book provides insights into the complex dynamics of the war in Africa and the colonial aspirations of South African leaders. [Extracted from the article]

The article investigates the phenomenon of unilateral termination (UT) in psychological treatment, where clients decide to end therapy without completing the initially intended goals. The study, conducted in an Irish outpatient adult mental health psychology service, employs a multi-perspective approach, gathering data from clients who unilaterally terminated, clients who engaged with planned endings, and practicing adult mental health psychologists.

The article addresses the historical inequities in South Africa's property sector, tracing them back to colonial times and examining key legislative acts that perpetuated disparities. It emphasizes constitutional provisions on equality and access to land, and advocates for utilizing procurement policies, specifically Section 2(1)(f) of the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act, to set criteria promoting majority ownership by black individuals.

White spot syndrome virus is a highly contagious pathogen affecting shrimp farming worldwide. The host range of this virus is primarily limited to crustaceans, such as shrimps, crabs, prawns, crayfish, and lobsters; however, several species of non-crustaceans, including aquatic insects, piscivorous birds, and molluscs may serve as the vectors for ecological dissemination. The present study was aimed at studying the faecal virome of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The cloacal swab specimens (n = 35) were collected from domestic chickens in December 2022. The cloacal swab specimens were pooled—each pool containing five cloacal swabs—for metagenomic analysis using a sequence-independent single-primer amplification protocol, followed by Nanopore MinION sequencing. While the metagenomic sequencing generated several contigs aligning with reference genomes of animal viruses, one striking observation was the presence of a White spot syndrome virus genome in one pool of cloacal swab specimens. The generated White spot syndrome virus genome was 273,795 bp in size with 88.5% genome coverage and shared 99.94% nucleotide sequence identity with a reference genome reported in China during 2018 (GenBank accession: NC_003225.3). The Neighbour-Joining tree grouped South African White spot syndrome virus genome with other White spot syndrome virus genomes reported from South East Asia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a White spot syndrome virus genome generated from domestic chickens. The significance of White spot syndrome virus infection in domestic chickens is yet to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instead, the sceptics, and Falkof, places the plasma gang within the larger problem of crime in South Africa instead of a specialised, mythical entity. The myths of white genocide propagated by white Afrikaaner groups pitching themselves as a minority rights group in South Africa frames white Afrikaaner farmers as victims, a victimhood that deliberately ignores or obscures black death. In other words, white groups like AfriForum's use of the narrative of white genocide is about 'entrenching white property rights and securing white economic power rather than about countering genocide' (p. 63). As Falkof points out, of course, there is no white genocide in South Africa, in fact, most white South Africans live more privileged and more secured lives than the black majority that lives in poverty and is at much higher risk of experiencing crime. [Extracted from the article]

English Studies in Africa 66 (2), 2023: 5 - 10. 2 Galgut, Damon. Thank you for these pieces, which I have read with a mixture of interest, appreciation and (sometimes) bemusement. ' Their Galgut, Our Galgut: A Complimentary Rant on the Booker Prize '. 'White Moral Projects and the Impossibility of Racial Repair: A Reflection on White Shame and Black (Dis)Inheritance in Damon Galgut's The Promise '. [Extracted from the article]

Conclusion The awarding of the 2021 Booker Prize to Damon Galgut's novel I The Promise i must be seen in the context of the long and controversial history of the Prize's engagement with postcolonial literature. He had been nominated for what is undoubtedly one of the world's most prestigious literary prizes three times previously, yet Damon Galgut still reported feeling a touch of imposter syndrome when his most recent novel, I The Promise i , was awarded the Booker Prize in 2021 and he joined the prestigious ranks of South African laureates Nadine Gordimer and J.M. Coetzee (Eloff [1]). I would argue that Galgut does much the same in I The Promise i , simultaneously wishing to conform to the criteria of what is considered "acceptable" South African literature in the hope of commercial success, whilst metatextually holding up a proverbial mirror to his metropolitan readership to critique their enjoyment of the "commercialized" version of South Africa and its people that the novel serves up for them. [Extracted from the article]

From the novel's opening, the Swart family presents a diorama of white South Africa, the tin-roofed suburban bungalow made of reddish face brick, surrounded by a moat of bleached garden. Described as 'a book about inheritance and legacy ... a book that invites reflection over the decades,'[1] the 2021 winner of the coveted Booker Prize, Damon Galgut's I The Promise i , walks boldly in the steps of previous South African recipients.[2] Confronting the stubborn topic of race, the novel, as with its literary predecessors, traverses darkly intimate domestic terrain that illuminates and provides further, parallel meditation on bleak existential, civic terrain: the sombre reality of contemporary South Africa and the implications of its enduring racist legacy. I The Promise i would appear, then, to extend Vice's question of how the white South African is 'to be a good person and live well under these morally dubious conditions' (326), to include deliberations on the conditioning of a morally dubious white self. [Extracted from the article]

Reading Damon Galgut's The Promise as a Foil for Metonymic Dispossession and Restitution in the Contemporary South African (Im)moral Economy Whilst being careful to note that there are multiple ways to read Galgut's novel, it is seductive to interpret both Anton's unfinished novel, along with the Booker Prize-winning product, as unfolding temporal representations of South Africa through the period of its sociohistorical and political transition. "Is it a family saga or a farm novel?" (24) It is interesting, then, that this critique of the Swart family's indifference to Salome is carried over to the reader much later in the novel, when Salome is thinking, in her old age, of returning to her hometown: [It] might not be so very bad to go back to where she came from and live out her last years in her tiny village. [Extracted from the article]

When in July 2021 Damon Galgut's novel I The Promise i was shortlisted for the Booker Prize, there was at least for me an inevitability or predictability to his then going on to win. A knowing pointer lies within the text itself like a suppressed snicker, a marginal note in the Galgut surrogate Anton's unfinished novel: 'Is this a family saga or a farm novel? In short, with I The Promise i Galgut is interested in trawling through a "how to" of the brand South African Novel with his companion, the reader, by his side, enlisted to provide an audience for this elaborate naming of parts. [Extracted from the article]

In November 2021, Damon Galgut became the third South African - after Nadine Gordimer and J.M. Coetzee - to be awarded the prestigious Booker Prize for his ninth novel, I The Promise i . Galgut's Janus-faced accomplishment in I The Promise i , van Urk argues, is to both exploit and critique the expectations of the metropolitan reader by self-consciously satirizing the very tropes that the novel relies on to achieve its archetypal South African "effect". [Extracted from the article]