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This paper investigates how welp , a phonetic variant of the discourse particle well that has achieved recognition through its proliferation online, functions within talk-in-interaction. Its usage is identified in two positions: 1) prefacing a sequence-closing assessment produced in reaction to a publicly available gap between expectations and the result of some interactional enterprise, and 2) produced solitarily in the same context in order to close a sequence and move on to the next. Solitary welp is then compared with oh well in order to distinguish between their orientations, and evidence supports the conclusion that whereas oh well surrenders an ongoing project, welp orients to an already concluded matter. • "Welp" differs from "oh well" in that it orients to a concluded result. • "Welp" appears at the beginning of sequence-closing assessments. • "Welp" can stand alone in a turn of talk and ends the sequence. • Phonetic variation of discourse particles can have an impact on pragmatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effect of the double potentials (barrier, well) on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts in phosphorene. We determine the solutions of the energy spectrum associated with the five regions that make up our system. By studying the phase shifts, we find that the GH shifts are highly sensitive to the incident energy, the y directional wave vector, the potential heights and widths. To validate our findings, we perform a numerical analysis of the GH shifts as a function of the transmission probability under various conditions. In particular, we observe a consistent pattern in which a positive peak in the GH shift is always followed by a negative valley, a behavior evident at all potential height values. Notably, the energies at which the GH shift changes sign coincide exactly with the points at which transmission drops to zero. In particular, the transmission resonances that occur just before and just after the transmission gap region are strongly correlated with the points at which the GH shift changes sign. This study advances our understanding of how the double potential influences the GH shift behaviors in phosphorene. The ability to fine-tune the GH shifts by changing system parameters suggests potential applications in optical and electronic devices using this two-dimensional material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the interaction of dual-frequency and modulated electromagnetic waves with anisotropic media above hydrocarbon deposits and computer modeling. The frequency range of changes in the electrodynamic parameters of the environment above the deposit with the manifestation of anomalies in the electric field strength has been established. Recommendations are given for the use of modulated signals to improve the accuracy of determining the boundaries of hydrocarbons based on measuring the phase characteristics of the surface impedance of the medium above the hydrocarbons. A hardware and software complex has been developed for recording the electric field strength in the modes of receiving probing signals and the natu ral radiation of hydrocarbon deposits. Experimental studies were carried out in gas fields of Syria. Methods are shown to increase the information content of the developed method and equipment when carrying out prospecting work at hydrocarbon sites. The research results can be used in devices for identifying oil and gas deposits in geophysics.

Hydrogeochemical and microbiological parameters of groundwater samples in the Paipayales agricultural community in western Ecuador were studied to evaluate groundwater origin, contamination, and suitability for domestic use and irrigation. The water wells studied are typically shared by multiple families which account for 37% of the total community population. A total of 31 parameters of water samples from the wells used by the community were analysed by four laboratories at the ESPOL University. The parameters analysed included microbiological and chemical compounds, along with physical characteristics typically influencing water quality. As regards the World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Ecuadorian standards, all samples failed to meet the required concentrations for at least one compound. The chemical analysis showed eight elements (cadmium, aluminium, ammonia, iron, manganese, chloride, and bromide) exceeded the maximum limits for drinking water in at least one well. Seventy percent of sampled wells failed to meet the maximum permissible limits for at least one chemical parameter. Water in all wells showed the presence of microbiological contaminants. The high natural groundwater salinity limits the ability to use this groundwater for irrigation purposes. Water in open and closed wells shows different hydrochemical and microbiological patterns. The presence of domestic animals and the lack of protection for wells may influence the quality of water. It is highly recommended that the authorities increase water supply and storage capacity to improve the availability of drinkable water in rural communities in the area.

The paper presents an overview of teaching English vocabulary in the context of 21st century advancements and challenges, within the field of English language teaching and outside. It takes review of 21st century learning components comprised of learning competencies, learning modalities, ICT, and infrastructure in relevance to English language teaching in general and English vocabulary teaching in particular. It discusses different approaches and techniques of vocabulary teaching. It argues that vocabulary is foundational blocks of language. Mastering vocabulary is indispensable in (second) language learning. Besides methods of vocabulary teaching, learners’ personal trait such as motivation and self-efficacy are also crucial in mastering English vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important signs that can be seen in the fundamental traditions of the world in the transition stage of a person to individuality is [passing through] a horizontal or vertical winding corridor (well/cave); a dark place full of fear and terror due to not being seen and unknown. Monsters, snakes and creatures of the underworld live in this place and can only be saved by fighting. Sometimes, in the depth of this scary place, there are obstacles that appear to be rewards or anything else pleasant, but the same object or situation, by creating suspense, is itself considered a test stage and sometimes an obstacle to victory. He will be a hero. In this article, the examples of suspension with the repeating pattern of "Hanging Man" in public and official literature of Iran and the world will be investigated. The result of the work shows that this image is rooted in the common essence of human attitude in facing life difficulties and according to the time and place of life and the type of human being, it is powerful in literature, culture and religion, art, politics and economy. It has continued its life. This image, influenced by the experience of disaster, which is the function of the human mind, and despite the cultural evolution of the human species, has not been removed from his mind, and was first reflected in the form of materialistic myths and rituals, and in modern times, by entering formal or general literary types, it has found a different function and created special literary types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of oil field development systems is largely determined by all possible methods of developing industrial oil reserves and the nature of production. The growth of production rates, high demand for petroleum products, require the complete extraction of oil from the subsoil. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the state of oil reserves production at the Severnaya Truva field by identifying problems that arise during the extraction of oil reserves in productive formations, increasing the intensity of oil production, analyzing the results of theoretical and experimental studies. In the exploration and exploration of oil and gas reserves, the productivity of the layer is important, since the physical environment of the layer changes with each molecule obtained during the extraction process, the longer the layer works, the more accurate the forecast of the remaining reserves. In the course of the study, the features of the geological structure of oil fields are studied, the influence on hydrodynamic processes in them is studied, work is being carried out to substantiate geological and professional criteria that determine effective development. The article examines the method of improving the methods of evaluating operational parameters and substantiating the design features of completion during the opening of capital-built deposits. It is envisaged to increase the production of oil reserves of capital-built fields by substantiating the technological parameters of well operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerning the dependence of land taxation on the cadastral or market value of lands in developed and developing countries, the role of land resources in the system of socio-economic development is quite high. World studies show the presence of methodological problems related, among other things, to the composition of price-forming factors of mass assessment. In relation to garden and vegetable garden lands, the issue of taking into account factors related to the immediate environment and soil quality is especially relevant, which is associated with the social justice of land taxation. The current paper aims to determine the influence of factors of the immediate environment and soil fertility on the cadastral value of the lands under consideration by determining which methodological apparatus has been built. Modeling of the specific indicator of cadastral value (SICV) of land plots is performed on the example of five gardening and vegetable gardening partnerships of the Belgorod district, where 79% of the territory is occupied by agricultural lands, which are quite diverse in soil composition, relief, and other studied factors. A linear model of dependence between local factors and the UPCS is proved. The reliability of the model is confirmed by testing for homoscedasticity, autocorrelation, and statistical significance of factors. The results of determining the cadastral value demonstrated an average change of 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Development of effective composite plugging systems for reliable fastening of oil and gas wells in difficult mining-geological conditions of deposits of Ukraine. Methods. The proposed research is based on an analytical and industrial study of the problems of the well construction and fastening in the conditions of chemogenic deposit occurrence when applying the analysis of geophysical research materials. The research of tamponage solutions and buffer liquids was carried out using standard devices and methods that meet the set of requirements for testing cements and technological systems for well construction. Processing of research results was carried out in MATHSAD and EXCEL. Composite cement CEM V according to the European standard EN 197-1, tamponage cement 1-G, krents - high-basic C2F CaSO4 and low-basic 3(CF) CaSO4 calcium sulfoferites were used for the research. Findings. It was established that the basic plugging material, as well as technological solutions for fastening wells in difficult mining-geological conditions, do not ensure compliance of the well as an engineering structure with operational reliability indicators. As a result, violations in the fastening system are quite often recorded, which require significant time and financial costs for their elimination, and sometimes lead to well liquidation. In order to increase the reliability of fastening wells, it is necessary to use multi-component tamponade systems modified by krents. Calcium sulfoferrite admixtures have been proved to accelerate the kinetics of early strength and contribute to the formation of cement stone with improved characteristics. The need to use effective buffer systems to improve the quality of fastening is substantiated. Originality. On the basis of assessment, systematization and detailed study of geophysical material and features of well fastening under the conditions of exposure to chemogenic sediments, the necessity of using composite plugging material was established. The conducted studies have proved that to ensure reliable fastening of wells in difficult mining-geological conditions, it is necessary to use multicomponent composite plugging material modified by calcium sulfoferites with accelerated kinetics of early strength, which form cement stone with a densely packed structure. Practical implications. Based on the industrial material evaluation and detailed laboratory studies, technological solutions have been developed to increase the reliability of well fastening due to the introduction of multi-component composite plugging material modified by krents and buffer liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose. Increasing oil recovery from deposits and reducing the water content of producing wells by providing conditions for uniform displacement of oil from the reservoir under the influence of high reservoir pressure. Methodology. The purpose of the work is achieved by conducting theoretical and experimental studies of the process of creating high elastic energy in the formation by pumping water with injection well pumps to overcome the resistance of oil and water filtration through the pores of the rock and oil rise at the mouth of producing wells. The absence of pumps from producing wells and the acceptance of equal amounts of injection and production wells over the reservoir area significantly increases the reservoir pressure above the pressure of oil saturation with gas. Due to the significant elasticity of the rock and fluids under high reservoir pressure, the oil coverage with water increases and there is no premature breakthrough of water into producing wells. The possibility of creating high elastic energy in an oil reservoir by pumping water into injection wells has been experimentally studied. Findings. It has been established that high reservoir energy in the field of elastic deformation of rock and fluids can be created mainly by pumps from injection wells, due to which oil is uniformly displaced from the reservoir along the entire front without breaking through the injected water into producing wells along the path of least resistance. The adoption of equal amounts of producing and injection wells and their sequential arrangement in rows contributes to the development of high potential energy in the reservoir and increase the pick-up rate of injection and production wells. As a result, the skeleton of the rock forming the pores expands, and the water injected into the reservoir and the displaced oil accumulate and increase reservoir energy. Originality. The effectiveness of the proposed method for maintaining high reservoir pressure is achieved as a result of creating high energy of rock and fluids in the area of their elastic deflation and increasing the coverage coefficients of oil displaced by water over the area and profile of the productive formation without the use of additional capacities and pumping units from producing wells. Practical value. The developed new technique for maintaining high elastic reservoir pressure not lower than the pressure of oil saturation with gas by pumping water into the reservoir can be carried out in oil fields using standard technological equipment and increase oil recovery to 60–70 % at its existing values of 40–45 % and reduce the water content of produced oil to 0–10 % at its existing values of 20–80 % and above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogeochemical and microbiological parameters of groundwater samples in the Paipayales agricultural community in western Ecuador were studied to evaluate groundwater origin, contamination, and suitability for domestic use and irrigation. The water wells studied are typically shared by multiple families which account for 37% of the total community population. A total of 31 parameters of water samples from the wells used by the community were analysed by four laboratories at the ESPOL University. The parameters analysed included microbiological and chemical compounds, along with physical characteristics typically influencing water quality. As regards the World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Ecuadorian standards, all samples failed to meet the required concentrations for at least one compound. The chemical analysis showed eight elements (cadmium, aluminium, ammonia, iron, manganese, chloride, and bromide) exceeded the maximum limits for drinking water in at least one well. Seventy percent of sampled wells failed to meet the maximum permissible limits for at least one chemical parameter. Water in all wells showed the presence of microbiological contaminants. The high natural groundwater salinity limits the ability to use this groundwater for irrigation purposes. Water in open and closed wells shows different hydrochemical and microbiological patterns. The presence of domestic animals and the lack of protection for wells may influence the quality of water. It is highly recommended that the authorities increase water supply and storage capacity to improve the availability of drinkable water in rural communities in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, research was carried out which, despite its small scope, yielded a number of interesting discoveries related to Dąbrówka stronghold settlement. The most significant was the discovery of a well with preserved oak casing, built no earlier than in 870 and no later than in the mid-870s. This sequence of dates, however, covers a long period from 855 (-0/+8) to 878 (-7/+8) and indicates the use of raw material for developments of much greater scope. The only project that involved the use of such masses of wood at the time was the construction of a stronghold. From within the casing comes a wooden bucket with hoops, the ends of which are decorated with representations of animal heads. The research has also revealed a piece of an axe, related to a bradatica-type double-edged weapon, and an appliqué in the form of a rosette with numerous parallels among products of the Avar culture and assemblages of mixed Avaro-Slavic nature.

The present study underscores the significance of regular well test analysis to ensure the accuracy and consistency of data pertaining to the permeability and skin of exploratory wells. This study advances the development of a novel computer model, ASPIRE, which predicts formation damage in oil wells by analysing well-test data. In this context, identifying blocked pore throats in the formation close to the wellbore by paraffinic deposits (scales) and its influence on permeability necessitates routine well-test analysis. The software employs a modified linear regression model developed in this study to perfectly fit the well-test data's infinitely acting linear flow (IARF) region to a straight line. The cases "CASE 1" and "CASE 2" were considered for constant rate transient drawdown well test analyses. The findings indicate that Case 1, with a high skin factor, requires remedial action, such as stimulation, to increase the formation's permeability close to the wellbore for enhanced productivity. In contrast, Case 2 has higher permeability and lower skin factor than Case 1, so stimulation is not required. In addition, R-squared analyses were conducted to validate the results obtained from the developed tool. The analyses reveal an R-square value of 1 for all cases, indicating a 100% accuracy. Therefore, the study concludes that the developed tool is instrumental in accurately predicting formation damage in oil wells.

The functional dependence of thermograms in producing wells has been studied in order to determine the initial temperature distribution along the wellbore. Information about the initial thermal field makes it possible to ensure the reliability of solving the problem of determining the operating intervals in production wells. In this paper, we propose a method for isolating the linear dependence on the thermogram profile in the intervals of the absence of fluid movement (in the sump of a working and along the trunk of an idle well) by constructing a special function – the vronskian. In this paper, it is established that the use of the vronskian can be used to restore the geothermal distribution, as well as to obtain the value of the geothermal gradient and temperature in the analysis of the thermogram. To discuss the possibilities of the proposed method, three cases were used: a model and two thermograms in a real field study. The first option considered is a synthetic thermogram with a quasi-stationary mode of operation of the well. In the second and third cases, the results of thermometric studies in the well with a short-term inflow from the reservoir with the same and different lithological structure of the intervals in the sump are presented. The obtained algorithm can be used to isolate the intervals of linear dependence during express processing of registered thermograms in order to obtain quantitative parameters of the operation of the borehole-formation system.

The results of laboratory studies of nearly 1,300 samples from 50 wells of reservoirs of three productive terrigenous horizons represented by sandstones and siltstones are considered. Intergranular and fractured components mainly make up the porosity structure of reservoirs and their values influence the main parameters of rocks, including filtration-capacitive properties of reservoirs, and determine the processes of hydrocarbon field development. The spatial distribution of the intergranular and fractured components of reservoir porosity affects the development and exploitation of oil and gas reservoirs and determines the relevance of this study. The values of the fracture and intergranular component of porosity were determined by the author’s method using data on open porosity and the rate of elastic wave propagation in rock samples and the mineral skeleton of these samples during the simulation of reservoir conditions. A mosaic area distribution of fractured porosity values, caused by a long geological and tectonic history of the area development, was revealed. We identified zones of increased fractured porosity up to 0.7–0.8 % (percent absolute porosity) in the north and center of the western part of the field, and zones with minimum fractured porosity values of less than 0.2–0.3 % in the eastern part of the field. Results of laboratory core studies showed the presence of fractured porosity in reservoirs up to 1.26 %. The data on the size and distribution of fractured reservoirs across the Chayanda field area may be used to refine the field development project.

The regimes of fluid displacement from a formation developed by a system of vertical wells are studied within the framework of the cross-sectional problem of flow through a porous medium. The case of an anisotropic formation in which the effect of buoyancy of the displacing fluid is significant is considered. It is shown that in the generic case the displacement process is characterized by five similarity criteria, one of them determines the intervals of fluid flow from the well to the formation. The limiting cases of the displacement regimes in which the number of constitutive similarity parameters can be reduced are described. The influence of these parameters on the recovery factor and the sweep efficiency is studied. A diagram of displacement regimes that constrains the areas of influence of the similarity criteria and the revealed limiting cases is constructed. The results of the present study may be useful in the oil and gas industry in estimating the efficiency of various field development methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite evidence suggesting the importance of psychological resilience for successful aging, little is known about the relationship between diet quality and resilience at different ages. Our study aims to examine the association between diet quality and resilience across the stages of adulthood. Using Stanfords' WELL for Life (WELL) survey data, we conducted a cross-sectional study of diet quality, resilience, sociodemographic, perceived stress, lifestyle, and mental health factors among 6171 Bay Area adults. Diet quality was measured by the WELL Diet Score, which ranges from 0–120. A higher score indicates a better diet quality. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the WELL Diet Score and overall resilience and within the following age groups: early young (18–24), late young (25–34), middle (35–49), and late adulthood (≥50). To test whether these associations varied by age groups, an age group by resilience interaction term was also examined. In the fully adjusted model, the WELL Diet Score was positively and significantly associated with overall resilience (all ages (β = 1.2 ± sd: 0.2, p < 0.001)) and within each age group (early young (β = 1.1 ± sd: 0.3, p < 0.001); late young (β = 1.2 ± sd: 0.3, p < 0.001); middle (β = 0.9 ± sd: 0.3, p < 0.001); and late adulthood (β = 1.0 ± sd: 0.3, p < 0.001)). Young adults demonstrated the strongest associations between diet quality and resilience. However, there were no significant age-by-resilience interactions. Diet quality may be positively associated with resilience at all stages of adulthood. Further research is needed to determine whether assessing and addressing resilience could inform the development of more effective dietary interventions, particularly in young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive formation of organic deposits in the tubing of an oil production well is one of the most serious complications in oil production. An important task is to correctly assess the effectiveness of the methods used to combat the deposits in question. Field diagnostics of the condition of the inner surface of the production tubing is carried out by evaluating indirect parameters that do not allow evaluating the distribution of deposits along the production tubing. With the aim of solving these problems the authors of this work have developed a method for monitoring the formation of deposits on the inner surface of the tubing on the basis of the 'thermal analogy' mechanism. The applicability of the technology was evaluated at the Wax Flow Loop laboratory stand. The developed mathematical model for calculating the dynamics of sediment formation based on the temperature parameters of the flow significantly correlates with the data obtained using the basic barometric method. The use of this technology will make it possible to increase the efficiency of oilfield equipment, reduce the accident rate of production, more correctly select methods for combating wax deposition and evaluate their effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground water quality can be affected by natural or human-made influences. This study investigates how the management and characteristics of hand-dug wells impact water quality in 3 suburbs of Kumasi, Ghana, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Descriptive analysis, including frequency and percentages, depicted the demographic profiles of respondents. Box plot diagrams illustrated the distribution of physicochemical parameters (Total Dissolved Solid [TDS], Electrical Conductivity [EC], Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen [DO], and Temperature). Factor analysis evaluated dominant factors among these parameters. Cluster analysis (hierarchical clustering) utilized sampling points as variables to establish spatial variations in water physicochemical parameters. Cramer's V correlation test explored relationships between demographic variables and individual perceptions of water management. One-way ANOVA verified significant mean differences among the physicochemical parameters. Logistic regression models assessed the influence of selected well features (e.g., cover and apron) on TDS, pH, Temperature, Turbidity, and DO. The findings revealed that proximity to human settlements affects water quality, and increasing turbidity is associated with unmaintained covers, significantly impacting water quality (P <.05). Over 80% of wells were located within 10 to 30 m of pollution sources, with 65.63% situated in lower ground and 87.5% being unmaintained. Other significant contamination sources included plastic bucket/rope usage (87.50%), defective linings (75%), and apron fissures (59.37%). Presence of E. coli, Total coliform, and Faecal coliform rendered the wells unpotable. Factor analysis attributed 90.85% of time-based and spatial differences to organic particle decomposition factors. However, Cramer's V correlation analysis found establishing association between demographic factor associations with individual perceptions of hand-dug well management difficult. It is encouraged to promote hand-dug well construction and maintenance standards to ensure that wells are properly built and protected from contamination sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study conducted at well TT-01/H (fictitious name for confidentiality purposes) in Vojvodina evaluates the efficiency and selection of pressure control safety equipment at the wellhead. Expected pressures at various depths and geological formations were analyzed, enabling precise equipment selection. Utilized equipment, including dual ram blowout preventers, exhibited high leak resistance and effectiveness in managing adverse scenarios such as fluid influx and gas channeling. Equipment testing procedures, conducted according to API standards, encompassed low-pressure and high-pressure tests, confirming operational readiness and equipment reliability. Simulations indicated that higher mud density reduces maximum expected pressures at the wellhead, contributing to system stability. Identified coupling issues were addressed with additional sealing measures, enhancing system integrity. Research findings affirm that suitable and regularly tested safety equipment is crucial for drilling safety and efficiency, with recommendations for maintenance improvement and further research aimed at optimizing safety strategies and monitoring technologies for well conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a hydrodynamic model of two-phase, three-component fluid flow in a heterogeneous layered reservoir, taking into account cross-flow between layers, and to predict the process of oil displacement by water under conditions of water shut-off in the vicinity of injection or production wells. Numerical calculations at different water cuts (38%, 50%, 96%) showed that in the presence of cross-flow between layers, the current oil recovery coefficient of the reservoir at water shut-off in the vicinity of the producing well increases by 0.3254, 0.3067, and 0.0429 respectively, compared to water shut-off in the vicinity of the injection well. In the absence of cross-flow between layers, there is a decrease in oil recovery coefficient by 0.0082 and 0.0072 at 38 and 50% water cut, respectively. Additionally, there is an increase in recovery coefficient by 0.007 at 96% water cut. It was also obtained that in the presence of cross-flow between layers the gel washout period at water shut-off in the vicinity of the injection well is less at different water cut in 1.24–1.81 times than in the vicinity of the production well. In the absence of cross-flow between layers, the washout time at 38 and 50% water cut is almost the same, but increases by 1.084 times at 96% water cut. Comparison of results of water shut-off prediction using proposed hydrodynamic model and real data showed that calculations describe real data with an average error of about 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional technologies of oil production on the land and the sea shelf have low coefficient of oil recovery, thus cause a huge loss to environment to what become frequent oil spills testify worldwide. In article the innovative way of development of oil fields allowing to increase significantly oil recovery by means of artificially created gravitational mode is described and also completely to exclude environmental pollution when developing offshore fields thanks to oil production by a dense grid of wells which are drilled from horizontal wells. In comparison with usual ways of oil production on the shelf, such as development, from bulk islands, oil platforms and platforms, this way has a number of technological and economic advantages. Experience of application of similar technologies around the world is considered. For comparison outputs of wells and capital expenditure on the example of oil fields Kyrykmyltyk and Kashagan in Kazakhstan are counted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the application of hydraulic fracturing of a coal seam to increase its gas recovery. At the same time, mine water was pumped through wells with a diameter of 93 mm and a length of 40-80 meters at a pressure of no more than 300 atm through packers. Measurements at the wellhead before and after hydraulic fracturing showed an increase in coal seam gas recovery by an average of 1.8 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses some aspects of the methodology for preparing sludge and core samples for lithological and petrophysical studies. Methods for obtaining rockmaterial(sludge, core) are described interms of determiningthemoment of openingthe reservoir layer,tyingthe core in depth, and sampling the sludge. A sludge collector has been proposed that makes it possible to obtain sludge of overall fractions washed from the drilling fluid. The effectiveness of the harmonic analysis method, which takes into account the lithology of the studied section and changes in drilling parameters to optimize the frequency of sludge sampling during drilling, is shown. A system for placing sludge sampling points has been justified to increase the information content of the study of well sections. An analysis of the actual material on the connection of sludge to formations using natural gamma activity in wells drilled in the conditions of the Saratov Volga region was carried out. The distribution of the residual values of the burial depths according to the sludge and well logging allowed us to conclude that in the vast majority(> 75%) of cases, the binding of sludge during geological testing is carried out with satisfactory accuracy. The implementation of some elements of the above described interpretation techniques is shown using the example of one of the wells located in the northwestern part of the near-shore zone of the Caspian basin.

Waterflooding of hydrocarbon deposits is an urgent problem for the oil and gas industry of Ukraine. In the process of active inflow of both edge-water and bottom water into productive reservoirs, significant hydrocarbon reserves are trapped. This results in low final hydrocarbon recovery factors. The process of watering production wells is natural, but this process must be controlled. To improve the efficiency of development of natural gas fields with bottom water, additional research was conducted using digital modeling. Based on a 3D model, the influence of penetration ratio in gas and water bearing formations on ultimate gas recovery is investigated. For the calculations, the penetration ratio was taken as 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. According to the modeling results, a significant impact of the penetration ratio on the efficiency of hydrocarbon production was found. According to the studies, it was found that with an increase the penetration ratio, the duration of the period of waterless operation of wells decreases. It should be noted that the greater the penetration ratio, the lower the gas recovery factor at the time of the breakthrough of the bottom water to the perforation interval. In addition, according to the studies, it was found that the smaller the penetration ratio, the greater the height of the cone of bottom water, as well as the larger the base of the cone. At full reservoir penetration, there is practically no cone formation process. In this case, the bottom water immediately enters the lower perforations of the production well and thus complicates its operation. In the short term, the flowing process is stopped and the well is shut down due to the failure to ensure the conditions for the removal of the gas-liquid mixture from the bottom hole. Based on the results of the calculations, the optimal penetration ratio in gas condensate deposits with bottom water was determined. According to the statistical processing of the calculated data, the optimal penetration ratio is 60.6%. The results of the research are aimed at improving the theoretical understanding of cone formation processes and for practical application in the mining industry in the development of natural gas fields with bottom water.

The object of research in the work is the FracCADE software, with which it is possible to simulate the process of hydraulic fracturing and well field, on which the intensification method is designed. This hydraulic fracturing simulator was developed by Schlumberger Ltd. based on proven physical principles of hydraulic fracturing to optimize the treatment process and proven in practice. The system includes a range of hydraulic fracturing models, from 2D models to extensive 3D simulations with lateral communication. It includes a number of complementary modules for fracturing fluid and proppant optimization, injection scheduling, real-time monitoring, pressure equalization, production forecasting and economic evaluation. Some models allow simulating the geometry of the fracture, solving proppant concentration problems, and simulating possible shielding due to proppant covering the fracture or the dehydration process. Hydraulic fracturing remains one of the main engineering tools for increasing the productivity of wells. The effect is achieved due to: – creation of a conductive channel (fracture) through the damaged (contaminated) zone around the well, in order to penetrate beyond its boundaries; – spreading of the channel (fracture) in the formation to a considerable depth in order to further increase the productivity of the well; – creation of a channel (fracture), which would allow changing, influencing the fluid flow in the formation. In the latter case, fracturing really becomes an effective tool that allows to manage the operation of the reservoir (in particular, change its filtering characteristics) and implement long-term strategic development programs. The concept of hydraulic fracturing is quite simple. In general, for relatively simple geology, the physical foundations of fracturing theory are fairly well developed and tested. For the most part, the difficulties boil down to two problems: the real geological conditions and the complex multidisciplinary nature of the fracturing process itself. The process of designing fracturing in order to achieve a certain result is closely related to rock mechanics (which affects the geometric parameters of the fracture), fluid hydromechanics (in which the tasks of controlling the flow of the working fluid and placing the proppant in the fracture are solved) and chemistry, which determines the behavior of materials, which are used during hydraulic fracturing. Moreover, the hydraulic fracturing project must take into account the physical limitations imposed by the specifics of the real deposit and well. In addition, to achieve the desired results, the fracturing operation must be carried out in strict accordance with the calculations (that is, a complete cycle in which each operation plays its role). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterflooding of hydrocarbon deposits is an urgent problem for the oil and gas industry of Ukraine. In the process of active inflow of both edge-water and bottom water into productive reservoirs, significant hydrocarbon reserves are trapped. This results in low final hydrocarbon recovery factors. The process of watering production wells is natural, but this process must be controlled. To improve the efficiency of development of natural gas fields with bottom water, additional research was conducted using digital modeling. Based on a 3D model, the influence of penetration ratio in gas and water bearing formations on ultimate gas recovery is investigated. For the calculations, the penetration ratio was taken as 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. According to the modeling results, a significant impact of the penetration ratio on the efficiency of hydrocarbon production was found. According to the studies, it was found that with an increase the penetration ratio, the duration of the period of waterless operation of wells decreases. It should be noted that the greater the penetration ratio, the lower the gas recovery factor at the time of the breakthrough of the bottom water to the perforation interval. In addition, according to the studies, it was found that the smaller the penetration ratio, the greater the height of the cone of bottom water, as well as the larger the base of the cone. At full reservoir penetration, there is practically no cone formation process. In this case, the bottom water immediately enters the lower perforations of the production well and thus complicates its operation. In the short term, the flowing process is stopped and the well is shut down due to the failure to ensure the conditions for the removal of the gas-liquid mixture from the bottom hole. Based on the results of the calculations, the optimal penetration ratio in gas condensate deposits with bottom water was determined. According to the statistical processing of the calculated data, the optimal penetration ratio is 60.6%. The results of the research are aimed at improving the theoretical understanding of cone formation processes and for practical application in the mining industry in the development of natural gas fields with bottom water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the effect of nanosized agents on the chemical and radionuclide content of the produced water. It has been demonstrated that there is a correlation between the radionuclide content of oil and water produced from the oil and gas fields of the country and the total salinity of the produced water. To this end, the contents of the nanocomposites proposed are shared in this issue along with the established effect on the radionuclide content of the produced water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does the welfare state affect human well-being outside the developed OECD world? For decades scholars have assessed the impact of the welfare state on a variety of outcomes, largely economic and social (for reviews see Kenworthy, Social Forces. 77:1119–1039, 1999; Kenworthy & Pontusson, Perspectives in Politics. 3:449–471, 2005; O'Connor, Review of Behavioral Economics. 4:397–420, 2017). While more recent focus has shifted to the impact of welfare programs on human well-being, this literature has suffered from several shortcomings. First, there has been an overriding focus on developed core OECD countries. Second, the primary outcome of interest has been on subjective well-being (life satisfaction, happiness). In this paper, we try to address these shortcomings to some extent. First, we extend the analysis to a wider and more diverse sample of countries. Second, we focus on a range of aspects of human well-being beyond life satisfaction. Third, we rely on a new measure of welfare impact that goes beyond mere overall spending—expert survey based coding of social security protections from the global Quality of Government 2021 data set. We find that in our sample of countries, this welfare measure exerts a positive and significant effect on a range of well-being outcomes. Implications for the study of the welfare state and well-being are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sucker-rod deep-well pumping units widely used in oil production are described. It is shown that oil production depends on the operating conditions of these units, which are selected based on the results of analyzing closed dynamometer charts. The latter describe the load on the suspension depending on the stroke of the polished rod of the unit. The quality of preparing the charts determines the ability to diagnose the technical condition of the unit. The trends in the development of existing dynamometer systems and methods for diagnosing the condition of a sucker-rod deep-well pumping unit have been analyzed. One of the ways to create an intelligent intertraverse dynamograph is considered based on a messdose of a pocket dynamograph with the use of modern pressure, acceleration, and temperature sensors; STM32 controllers; a graphic liquid crystal display with an I2C interface; radio communication protocols and digital technologies for processing periodic sensor signals. The existing dynamometer systems along with force and stroke sensors installed in various unit locations were analyzed, and the possibility of developing an intelligent stationary dynamograph by utilizing the latest advances in the field of technology and equipment for analyzing noises of the measured signals has been demonstrated. The proposed dynamograph should ensure early diagnostics of the technical condition of the unit, while satisfying the following criteria: low cost; ease of assembly; high sensitivity, reliability, flexibility, and accuracy. A block diagram of an intelligent intertraverse dynamograph for a sucker-rod deep-well pumping unit is presented, which is based on a pocket dynamograph messdose. The proposed intelligent intertraverse dynamograph will be useful for early diagnostics of the technical condition of deep-well pumps and tubing strings connecting them with the ground equipment, which will ultimately contribute to improving reliability of oil production equipment. The proposed intelligent intertraverse dynamograph can also be used in other engineering fields, where there is a need to measure force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Develop an efficient assessment model for amber placers within the analyzed block involving its content in the samples taken inside the block as well as out of it. Methods. To obtain results, a complex of scientific procedures has been applied consisting of system analysis; generalization; mathematical statistics; mathematical, perfect, and psychical modelling; field experiment; and forecasting. Findings. Methods to assess amber placer reserves have been substantiated. The potential of discrete kriging has been involved inclusive of the search for the best evaluation of amber content within the analyzed block taking into consideration the mineral percentage in the samples taken inside the block as well as out of it. Originality. The research has helped understood that the discrete kriging results help assess average amber content within the square and curvilinear zones tending to the central well (in terms of amber percentage) both in the central well and in wells of the first and second contact zones. Practical implications. Identification of the most efficient technique, assessing amber reserves, improves forecasting reliability of the resources with minimal cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance. The need to determine a reliable pressure distribution field and fluid filtration velocity vectors inside the perforation hole and the reservoir rock surrounding it. Aim. On the basis of numerical finite element modeling of the fluid flow inside the perforation holes and its filtration in the surrounding reservoir rock, to reveal the patterns of pressure distribution and fluid filtration vectors in the perforation hole, on its walls and in the near-wellbore zone. Objects. Near-wellbore zone of a limestone reservoir of one of the oil fields in the south of the Perm Region, including perforations. Methods. Numerical finite element method for calculating the flow and filtration of liquid in the near-wellbore zone, taking into account the geometry of perforation holes. Results. The paper considers the main relationships used in numerical simulation of fluid flow and filtration in the ANSYS finite element modeling software package. The authors have developed the finite element scheme of the near-wellbore zone, including cumulative perforation holes and taking into account their geometric parameters, as well as the fact that inside the holes the fluid flow is modeled in open space using the Navier–Stokes equations, and in the surrounding reservoir rock based on the filtration equations and Darcy's law. Numerical calculations were carried out, on the basis of which the distribution of pressure, flow velocities and fluid filtration inside the holes and in the near-wellbore zone as a whole was obtained. Calculations were made with varying pressure in the well (or pressure drawdown), as well as for different values of reservoir permeability. The calculation results showed that for the actual drawdown values of 10 MPa and the reservoir permeability of 50 mD, the value of pressure change inside the perforation holes will not exceed 0.01 MPa, i.e. it can be assumed that it practically does not change inside the hole. It is noted that the maximum value of the filtration rate corresponds to the top of the perforation holes and then its value decreases as it approaches the borehole wall. It is concluded that in further modeling of the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone, taking into account the holes of cumulative perforation on the surface of the holes, it is permissible to set a constant pressure value equal to the pressure in the well, and not logarithmic or any other distribution of it.

Relevance. The need to study the formation of asphaltene deposits in oil production wells. Among the known methods of combating these complications, the greatest interest is in optimizing oil production technology to prevent or reduce the intensity of the formation of these deposits. Aim. To study the possibility of constructing a curve for the formation of asphaltene deposits on the laboratory installation “Wax Flow Loop” and to determine the possibility of optimizing oil production technology to prevent the formation of these deposits. Methods. Laboratory studies on the “Wax Flow Loop“ installation, modeling based on the component composition of oil in the “PVTSim“ software product, calculations in the “Engineering Simulator of Technological Processes“ software product. Results. Based on the results of laboratory studies and numerical calculations, it was possible to construct a curve for the formation of asphaltene deposits. The correctness of the curve was validated against actual data on plugging a production well. The calculation of the influence of installing an electric centrifugal pump and choke-fitting a well showed that the first technology for changing oil production can significantly reduce the intensity of the formation of asphaltene deposits by introducing additional energy. The second technology only slightly shifts the thermobaric conditions of liquid extraction, which does not significantly affect the intensity of the formation of asphaltene deposits. Conclusions. The laboratory installation "Wax Flow Loop" allows correctly forming the curve of asphaltene deposits formation in the production tubing of oil producing wells. Methods for optimizing oil production technology make it possible to prevent the formation of asphaltene deposits with correct modeling and numerical calculations and selection of downhole pumping equipment.

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the groundwater quality in the rapidly urbanizing peri-urban region of the Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area in Lagos State, Nigeria, during the rainy season. This study employed a two-stage sampling technique to select representative sampling locations, including boreholes and hand-dug wells. Seven towns in Ibeju-Lekki were sampled for this study. A total of 14 sampling points were chosen for the analysis of 15 water parameters, which included five physical parameters (NTU, TCU, E.C. TDS and TSS), eight (8) chemical parameters (pH, T.H. Ca, Mg, Cl-, NO3-, SO42- and Fe), and two (2) microbial parameters (E.Coli count and BOD) after standard procedures. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Python to assess correlations between the physicochemical parameters. The results were compared with water quality standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). In addition, a water quality index (WQI) was calculated to provide a single numerical expression of the overall water quality. The findings revealed variations in the quality of borehole and well water, with some parameters exceeding the recommended standards, such as magnesium and iron concentrations. The presence of elevated turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (E.C.) in well water indicated potential contamination sources. The study also demonstrated the significance of understanding physicochemical parameter correlations in groundwater quality assessment. The WQI results emphasized that groundwater is suitable for various purposes, including animals and other domestic and agricultural purposes. However, the paper recommended routine monitoring and thorough treatment to address the high magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) levels in both borehole and well water sources.

Using the main digital modeling tools Eclipse and Petrel (SLB) based on a 3D sector model, a study was conducted to optimize the processes of liquid hydrocarbon condensation in the bottomhole formation zone. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that the porosity and permeability properties of reservoir rocks and the technological parameters of the operation of producing wells have a significant impact on the radius of the zone of active condensation of liquid hydrocarbons and the saturation of the pore space. Based on the modeling results, it was found that for the permeability of reservoir rocks at the level of 3 mD, the radius of the bottomhole zone saturated with liquid hydrocarbons is 16.5 m, for the permeability of 10 mD – 11 m, and for the permeability of 50 mD – 6.5 m. The saturation with condensed hydrocarbons around the wellbore is equal to 34.1; 30.6 and 24.8%, respectively. The results of the conducted studies indicate that the lower the permeability of reservoir rocks, the greater the loss of liquid hydrocarbons. In order to increase the condensate recovery of fields, it is necessary to take measures to prevent condensate loss in reservoir conditions by optimizing field development, ensuring uniform drainage of reservoirs, active influence on the development process, namely, reservoir pressure, temperature, composition of the reservoir mixture and porous medium. In Ukraine, there are a significant number of gas condensate fields with a high content of condensate in formation gas. An increase in the hydrocarbon recovery of this fields in conditions complicated by retrograde losses of hydrocarbons during depletion is possible through the introduction of secondary development technologies, which include the cycling process and other technologies for maintaining reservoir pressure. Investing in the introduction of modern technologies for the development of gas condensate fields in Ukraine with a high content of condensate in the reservoir gas will increase their production capabilities and, accordingly, increase the final hydrocarbon recovery factors in conditions of sharp deficit of hydrocarbon raw material.

Relevance. The fact that hydrogenic deposits are developed using combined technologies, and the criteria for combining technologies have not been sufficiently developed. Aim. To select the optimal method of deposit development, taking into account the characteristics of the uranium ores composing it. Objects. The Semizbai sandstone deposit, which lies in loose sedimentary rocks, is localized within a 36 km long section with a width of 10 km. Methods. Analysis of the theory and practice of field development, finding dependencies between operational indicators, modeling, methods of mathematical statistics, technical and economic calculations and approbation of some provisions. Results. The authors have given characteristic of systems for developing hydrogenic deposits and substantiated the necessity of combining metal extraction technologies by leaching with traditional technologies in the conditions of the deposit. Alternative technologies for metal leaching using interacting wells and with metal leaching in a pile are detailed. The mechanism and differences in the conditions of uranium leaching in a quicksand array and in a heap was clarified. The authors have carried out comparative characteristic of alternative options for field development, indicating, among other things, their advantages and disadvantages. It was determined that leaching parameters depend on speed and efficiency of opening new reaction areas with a different mechanism for removing uranium from mineral particles. It is proved that the efficiency of the development of hydrogenic deposits is increased by combining the processes of borehole hydro extraction of ores and heap leaching of metals. The authors proposed the model of decision-making sequence with an arbitrary source of information based on the criterion of discounted profit from mining. Conclusions. The results of the study may be in demand when revaluing reserves, modernizing systems for the development and optimization of methods for managing the quality of mining products. The recommended methods of monitoring the combined development of hydrogenic deposits contribute to increasing the completeness of subsurface use.

AbstractThe formation of wax deposits in oil wells is one of the most costly problems for oil production companies. The most common method of removing deposits is mechanical removal with a scraper. However, there is still no understanding of the critical conditions for wax removal. As part of this work, the authors consider the process of mechanical removal of wax from a high water cut oil well. The work carried out studies to assess the influence of the aqueous phase on the intensity of wax formation and simulated the thickness of wax deposits during the period of their removal under field conditions. It was found that the aqueous phase is actively included in the volume of deposits, increasing the rate of wax formation and their density. Based on the modeling, it was concluded that in wells with a low inclination, the critical thickness of wax deposits is 0.18 mm. The effect of water cut in production on the critical wax thickness has not been found, while with increasing well flow rate the critical thickness decreases. The work performed is extremely useful for understanding the process of mechanical removal of wax deposits from oil production wells producing water-cut oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to assess the threat of contaminating groundwater originating from the first exploitative aquifer level in the municipality of Bodzentyn within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship. The analysis included 23 representative groundwater intakes from MHP 816 Bodzentyn sheet. The various potential sources of groundwater contamination were identified. The intrinsic vulnerability of the first aquifer to contamination and the water recharge area were determined. In the results intakes potentially threatened by anthropogenic pollution were indicated. Providing information on the potential risks of groundwater contamination will help better plan environmental and decision-making activities in this area. The results can serve as a basis for policy development, land use and sustainable resource management in the municipality of Bodzentyn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil-product pollution of the outlet section of the Kamchatka R. rapidly increased in 2001–2002. Within nine years out of ten in the period from 1992 to 2001, oil products were not found there; however, since 2003, their annual mass transported every year rose above 2.5 thousand t. Therefore, the authors analyzed the available integral data on this river pollution and launched a screening study of the pollution of its tributaries. The obtained results confirmed the assumption regarding an abrupt growth: the pollution in 1992–2001 was many times less than that in 2002–2021. The transport through the outlet section increased from <1500 to 6400 t/year (the mean value). This pollution is supported by the major portion of tributaries in a considerable segment of the river. Field studies suggest a conclusion that the total input of oil products into the Kamchatka R. can reach 30–40 thousand t per year. A study of the effect of a plugged exploration well shows that it is a source of oil pollution. The number of permits issued over 28 years for exploratory drilling in one of the areas, a significant part of which is located in the Kamchatka River basin, reliably correlates with the mass of oil products transported through the outlet section. Therefore, the inflow of oil into water from exploration wells may be among the main causes or the main cause of the jump-like growth of pollution. Such results were obtained using several integral approaches, including an effective one—establishing a relationship between the natural and administrative characteristics. In order to reduce the pollution of one of the largest spawning rivers in Russia, it is necessary to continue studying, to carry out mapping its main sources, and subsequently eliminate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of the corrosion wear rate was carried out using the Norsok Standart M-506 method for oilfield production tubing in Belarus. The method is based on a model that takes into account the speed of the gas-liquid flow, its pH, the volumetric flow rate of water, oil, gas, pressure, temperature, immersion depth, pH, density and viscosity of these media, and diameter and wall thickness of tubing. A feature of the model is the consideration of the friction of the gas-liquid flow on the walls of the tubing and the resulting shear stresses near them, which allows taking into account the corrosion-mechanical component of the metal degradation process of the tubing. The characteristics of well media and operating conditions of equipment in fields are given. Empirical coefficients of the considered model for typical conditions of Belarusian oil fields have been determined and a predictive calculation of the corrosion rate of 32Mn1A tube steel strength group N80 (Q) of the API Specification 5CT has been carried out. Data on actual values of corrosion wear of tubing from more than 100 production wells have been collected. The results indicate a high convergence of calculated and actual data. The adapted Norsok Standart M-506 method of predicting corrosion wear is recommended for use at oil fields in Belarus. It is shown how the proposed approach can be extended to other oil-bearing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of natural oscillations of a column of liquid in a vertical well, which arose as a result of a sharp closure of the well, was studied. A mathematical model of the process of natural oscillations of a column of liquid in a well connected to the formation through the permeable walls of an open area and a hydraulic fracture is constructed. The dynamics of filtration pressure fields in a formation and in a hydraulic fracture near the wellbore zone is considered. The influence of formation permeability, hydraulic fracture conductivity and of the well length on the nature and depth of penetration of filtration pressure disturbances during natural oscillations of the liquid column in the well was analyzed. It has been established that this method of well diagnostics is quite informative and allows one to obtain information about the formation characteristics of a hydraulic fracture and the formation zone adjacent to the well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of testing mobile direct-prospecting technology for frequency resonance processing of satellite and photo images at the geological objects of various types in the region of Australia and New Zealand are presented. Investigations of a reconnaissance nature were carried out in the areas of ring structures (craters) Gosses Bluff, Wolfe Creek, Ilkurlka and Yarrabubba, in the local areas of drilling exploratory wells for hydrocarbons within offshore and onshore, on area of active volcano and several lakes location and within some blocks for natural hydrogen searching. The mobile and low-cost technology includes modified methods of frequency-resonance processing and decoding of satellite images and photo images, vertical electric-resonance sounding (scanning) of a cross-section, as well as a method of integrated assessment of the prospects of oil and gas potential of large prospecting blocks and license areas. Separate methods of this direct-prospecting technology are based on the principles of the "substance" paradigm of geophysical research, the essence of which is to search for a specific substance - oil, gas, gas condensate, gold, zinc, etc. The results of experimental research studies of a reconnaissance character allow us to conclude that mobile direct-prospecting technology of satellite images and photo images frequency-resonance processing can be used to study the deep structure and determine (establish) the genesis of ring structures, study volcanoes of various types, as well as search for combustible and ore useful minerals in various regions of the globe. The proven technology allows filling the studied crosssection with specific rocks (sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic), as well as identifying areas on the surface and intervals in the cross-section that are promising for ore and combustible minerals prospecting. The super-mobile methods can be used to assess the prospects for oil and gas (ore) potential of large exploration blocks and local areas (including those put up for auction), to select the optimal locations (sites) for laying exploration and production wells, assessment of the prospects for discovering oil and gas deposits in the deep and super-deep horizons of cross-section, prospecting and localization of zones with deep channels location, through which the chemical elements, fluids and mineral matter migrate into the upper horizons of cross-section. The use of mobile and low-cost technology will significantly speed up the exploration process for oil, condensate, gas, natural hydrogen, ore mineral. waters as well as reduce the financial costs for its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the study is a laboratory unit for inducing flow to the well using vibration wave draining in carbonate low-permeability reservoirs. Vibratory wave draining is a method used to stimulate flow draining to the well. The method is based on the fact that mechanical waves generated in the soil can cause the opening of microcracks and pores, which leads to an increase in the fluid flow. Vibratory wave scouring can be effectively used to increase fluid flow in low-permeability carbonate reservoirs. Carbonate reservoirs are a common type of reservoir in the oil and gas industry. They often have low permeability, which makes it difficult to extract fluid. With the help of the plunger device developed in the work, a fluid disturbance was created, thereby creating elastic waves in the conventional well (plastic pipe), which were measured using a manual contact vibrometer. This demonstrated the effectiveness of the vibratory method to increase the well productivity and helped to improve the permeability of the rocks, providing better access to challenge the influx of hydrocarbon products. It is shown that with a significant decrease in the permeability of the formation well zone (FWZ), the flow induction should be started only after the restoration works. Otherwise, the well will be significantly hydrodynamically imperfect due to the quality of the reservoir opening, and the flow of production into the well will occur only through a few separate areas of the reservoir with relatively high permeability, which will lead to uneven production of the reservoir and low return of hydrocarbons. Therefore, it is advisable to use the developed method of influencing the productive layer in low-permeability rocks, such as carbonates with layers of clay, siltstones, argillites, and others, with low formation pressures. The obtained results are based on the generation of vibrations that are transmitted to the wellbore. These vibrations can help break up contaminants and fines in carbonate rocks, facilitating the release of hydrocarbon products and improving permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Development of a methodology for determining the thermal state of block inverse gravel filters manufactured using low-temperature technology during their transportation in a well based on computer and mathematical modeling. Methods. The study of hydrodynamic processes occurring during the transportation of the filter in the borehole, as well as the calculation of thermal fields in the filter body, was performed using the Ansys Fluent software package. To determine the effective thermophysical characteristics of the filter, the approaches of the heat transfer theory in porous media were applied. To investigate the thermal conditions of the filter at heat exchange with well fluid, the use of analytical solution of the heat conduction problem in a cylindrical shell, taking into account the properties of porous dispersed water-saturated medium, is proposed. Findings. The methodology for calculating the thermal state of a gravel filter during its operation in a well has been developed. For estimation of the filter surface temperature, the expression obtained on the basis of the analytical solution of the heat conduction equation, taking into account the characteristics of the porous filter medium, is proposed. Hydrodynamic and thermal fields in the borehole and the filter body during the filter transportation process in the borehole have been obtained. Originality. For the first time, the problem of heat exchange of a gravel inversion filter, manufactured by low-temperature technology in a well is considered. The influence of hydrothermal conditions in the well on the process of filter heating during its transportation in the well is shown. The hydrodynamic fields during the flow of the drilling mud around the inverse gravel filter are determined. Practical implications. The proposed approaches and results of the study allow to determine and can be used in the development of technological regulations for the use of block gravel filters produced by low-temperature technology for the equipment of hydrogeological wells. The methodology for modelling the process of two-phase inversion transition of aggregate state of the binding agent during transportation of inverted block-type gravel filter during well construction has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present stage, most oil and gas condensate fields in the southern part of the East Siberian oil and gas province are characterized by an increasing proportion of difficult oil reserves in tight reservoirs. Multistage hydraulic fracturing (MHF) is proposed for the offshore Challenger Sea field (Southeast Dome). The implementation of this technique at a shelf will be a source of additional risks. For example, the properties of the RR-2 overlying seal have not been unambiguously assessed, and there are a number of geological uncertainties, such as the tectonic regime. However, there are a number of arguments in favor of MHF: heterogeneity of the reservoir; low permeability; low water cut of the field; sufficient thickness of the pay zone; and the overlying seal. One more positive factor is that sand ingress is not observed in the process of oil production. The selection of a principal well completion scheme on the eastern side of the RR-7 formation is aimed at effectively recovering the remaining reserves. The objectives of the study performed are: to create a geological and hydrodynamic model of the Challenger Sea (Southeast Dome); develop 1D and 3D geomechanical models; evaluate oil production forecasts based on fundamentally different well completion schemes; and determine the optimum parameters for multistage hydraulic fracturing. The research methods included: petrophysical methods; logging methods; core studies; drilling reports and formation testing data; and 3D, 4D geomechanical simulation. Other geophysical methods included acoustic logging, density logging, and gamma-ray logging. After building a geomechanical model of the reservoir at the beginning of drilling, a hydrodynamic calculation was performed. This established the reservoir pressures and saturations at certain points in time. The results made it possible for the principal stress directions, the values of effective and principal stresses, and the values of elastic strains to be determined. In order to assess MGF process efficiency, production forecasts were made using a hydrodynamic model for an exploration well with conventional completion (perforated liner) and with five-stage MGF. In the first case, the accumulated production was 144 kt over 15 years, and in the second case, 125 kt over 17 years. The difference in cumulative production is due to different initial well flow rates, as well as the rate of oil withdrawal during the first few years of development. Thereafter, the production and daily flow rate curves showed similar behavior. In order to select the most effective option, an economic analysis of the efficiency was performed.