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A new thiosemicarbazide-modified, sulfonamide-based poly (styrene) adsorbent (T-CSPS) was prepared starting from the reaction of chlorosulfonated polystyrene and thiosemicarbazide. It was characterized by SEM–EDX, FT-IR, and zeta potential. The T-CSPS was used as an adsorbent for the first time for the dispersive solid-phase microextraction (d-SPµE) and preconcentration of Pb(II) ions from waters and dill and lettuce extracts in the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) saliva. Lead was then determined using the FAAS. In the first step of optimization, the solution pH was changed from 2 to 8, and pH 4 with a recovery value of 103% ± 5 was selected. Two milliliters of 2 mol L−1 HCl was chosen as eluent. Contact times were found to be only 2 min. Effects of coexisting ions and sample volume were tested. Under optimal conditions, the preconcentration factor (PF) and the adsorption capacity were 15 and 40 mg g−1. The RSD% was 2.2% and 3.1% for intra-day and inter-day precision, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 5.1 µg L−1 and 16.9 µg L−1, respectively. The accuracy of the d-SPµE was checked by TMDA-70.2 Lake water and BCR-482 Lichen-certified reference materials and also applying d-SPµE to spiked waters and lettuce and dill extracts in UBM saliva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wettability of black silicon (BSi) layers fabricated by reactive ion etching (RIE), metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE), and laser‐induced etching (LIE) techniques is studied. The contact angles of wetting on the samples with deionized water and methylammonium iodide‐based perovskite solutions are determined. It is found that the element composition and the enlargement area factor of BSi layers have a significant effect on their wettability. When tested with water, the RIE and MACE BSi layers exhibit hydrophobic properties, while the LIE BSi layer demonstrates hydrophilic properties due to the SiOx‐rich surface structures. It is also shown that aging leads to a decrease in the water contact angle. Upon exposure to perovskite solution droplets, BSi layers become highly lyophilic. Based on the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter models, the mechanisms responsible for the wetting states of the fabricated samples are identified. In the results obtained, valuable insights are provided into the potential of using these layers in tandem perovskite/silicon solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of sovereignty, ie of supreme authority within a territory, is a pivotal principle of modern international law. Although the role of modern international law in establishing the sovereignty of states has changed many times, it must still be affirmed that international law sources are an important international legal basis for states to determine their sovereignty, including national sovereignty over the seas. The South China Sea (‘SCS') (Bien Dong or, East Sea in Vietnamese) has long been regarded as a major source of tension and instability in Pacific Asia. The purpose of this article is to discuss the views and positions of Vietnam on sovereignty over the two islands of Paracels (Hoang Sa in Vietnamese/Xisha in Chinese), Spratlys (Truong Sa in Vietnamese/Nansha in Chinese) and maritime zones in the South China Sea on the basis of international law and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cameroon Academy of Sciences Journal is the property of Cameroon Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, microbiological studies of waters from Municipalities in the Burgas region are considered. Microbiological analyses were made on 112 borehole water samples. In 56% of the analyses carried out, it can be seen that there is no bacterial contamination in the examined drilling waters, in 44% of the examined samples bacterial growth is observed, of which 21% have the presence of E. coli and coliforms, and 23% with the presence of intestinal enterococci. The present study examines the importance and impact of water safety on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are considered 'contaminants of emerging concern' due to their environmental persistence, bio-accumulative potential, and adverse effects on human health. They are widely employed in producing various goods used in daily life, such as non-stick cookware, cleaning agents, and many industrial applications in aerospace, automotive, construction, electronics, and military, all of which ultimately end up in different environmental matrices. India's rapid economic growth necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its PFAS contamination levels and potential human and ecological exposure. Results: The present study reports the quantification of one long-chain and two short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and three long-chain and two short-chain perfluorosulfonic acids and qualitative analysis using suspect screening in the waters of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Samples were collected from surface and groundwater sources, including the Adyar river, Buckingham canal, Chembarambakkam lake, and the water treatment plant. The concentrations analyzed in all the samples ranged from 0.10 ng/L to 136.27 ng/L. Groundwater had some of the highest concentrations of PFAS. L-PFBS (up to 136.27 ng/L) and PFOA (up to 77.61 ng/L) are present in all the samples. The concentrations of all the target PFAS increased in the 5 to 103% range in the final treated water compared to the raw water of the water treatment plant. This treated water is distributed as a source of drinking water for the residents of Chennai. Additionally, the dominance of short-chain compounds (4–7 carbons) over long-chain compounds (> 7 carbons) was observed. Suspect screening revealed numerous precursors and other fluorinated compounds abundantly present in the samples. Conclusions: Our study revealed PFAS levels up to 136.27 ng/L in both surface and groundwater samples from Chennai. These findings raise concerns about potential risks to ecosystems and human well-being. The dominance of short-chain PFAS coupled with abundant precursors and unidentified fluorinated compounds indicates an ongoing shift toward alternatives. Conventional water treatment is ineffective in eliminating these chemicals from the water system; rather, increasing the PFAS concentrations from raw water to treated water necessitates advanced polishing steps. Industrial emissions, untreated domestic wastewater discharge, and open dump sites have been suspected as the significant sources of contamination, highlighting the need for further investigation to fully assess the extent of PFAS contamination in Chennai. Highlights: Groundwater and surface waters showed predominant presence of PFOA and L-PFBS. Concentrations of target PFAS increased from raw water to treated water in a conventional WTP. Numerous precursors and other fluorinated compounds are abundantly present in the collected samples. Open dump sites, untreated domestic wastewater discharge, and industrial emissions have been suspected as the contributing sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the source, spatial distribution characteristics and ecological risks of diuron in the coastal waters of the Yangtze River Estuary and Shanghai, water samples from 24 stations in the coastal waters of the Yangtze River Estuary, Hengsha Island （inland） waters and the waters near the Yangtze River Estuary Chinese sturgeon reserve were collected from October to November 2021, and the content of diuron in the surface water samples of each station was analyzed by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. According to the test results, the mass concentration of diuron was detected in the water samples of 24 stations in three different regions. Among them, the detection range of diuron mass concentration at 10 stations along the Yangtze River Estuary in Shanghai was 182.43-439.38 ng/L, and the detection rate was 100%. The detection range of diuron mass concentration at 9 stations in Hengsha Island （inland） water area is 83.48-369.25 ng/L, and the detection rate is 100%. The detection range of diuron mass concentration at 5 stations near the Chinese sturgeon reserve is 1.97-2.85 ng/L, and the detection rate is 100%. The spatial distribution of diuron is mainly affected by factors like water transport, ship maintenance, agricultural activities, tides and seawater dynamics. Besides, the ecological risk assessment shows that the coastal waters along the Yangtze River Estuary in Shanghai are potentially at medium risk. Farming areas in Hengsha inland waters are at medium risk, and the nearby waters of the Nature Reserve are at low risk. The results show that the environment in the coastal waters of the Yangtze River Estuary in Shanghai is being threatened by the diuron, especially in the major ports and docks along the Yangtze River Estuary in Shanghai as well as the agricultural areas and river intersections in the Hengsha Island area. Although it will not threaten the Chinese sturgeon reserve in the short run, it still deserves attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out to perform a simple and selective spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) in waters and soils using as reagent. The method is based on two successive chemical reactions: an oxidation of iodide ions to iodine from Cu(II) and an interaction of the liberated iodine with the organic dye fuchsine in acid media. The liberated iodine, equivalent to the analyte, forms a complex with fuchsine having an absorption maximum at λmax 560 nm. The Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.5-6.0 mg l-1 with a linear regression 0.9995. The method's detection limit, limit of quantification and molar absorptivity are reported as follows: 0.0277 mg l-1, 0.0839 mg l-1, 5.8 × 104 l mol-1 cm-1, respectively. The proposed method is free from common interferences and has been applied for the determination of copper(II) in waters and soils samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work proposes the synthesis of a new polymer with imprinted ions (IIP) for the pre-concentration of uranium in natural waters using digital imaging as a detection technique. The polymer was synthesized using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP) for complex formation, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinking reagent, methacrylic acid (AMA) as functional monomer, and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator. The IIP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (FTIR). Uranium determination was performed using digital imaging (ID), and some experimental conditions (sample pH, eluent concentration, and sampling flow rate) were optimized using a two-level full factorial design and Doelhert response surface methodology. Thus, using the optimized conditions, the system allowed the determination of uranium with detection and quantification limits of 2.55 and 8.51 µg L−1, respectively, and a pre-concentration factor of 8.2. All parameters were determined using a 25 mL sample volume. The precision expressed as relative deviation (RSD%) was 3.5% for a solution with a concentration of 50 µg L−1. Given this, the proposed method was used for the determination of uranium in four samples of natural waters collected in the city of Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. The concentrations obtained ranged from 35 to 75.4 μg L−1. The accuracy was evaluated by the addition/recovery test, and the values found ranged between 91 and 109%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the well-known cutaneous beneficial effect of thermal water on the skin, no data exist regarding the potential biological effect of orally consumed water on healthy skin. Thus, in this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on age and menstrual cycle timing-matched healthy female volunteers (24 + 24) consuming water A (oligo-mineral) or water B (medium-mineral) for 1 month (T1), the cutaneous lipidomics were compared. Interestingly, only water A consumers had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) change in cutaneous lipidomics, with 66 lipids different (8 decreased and 58 increased). The cutaneous lipidomics of consumers of water A vs. water B were statistically different (p < 0.05). Twenty cutaneous lipids were necessary to predict the water type previously consumed (AUC ~70). Our study suggests that drinking oligo-mineral water may change skin biology and may influence the cutaneous barrier, so future dermatological clinical trials should also account for the water type consumed to avoid potential confounders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide improved selectivity and sensitivity with a short analysis time of about 10 min and low residues for quantitation of nitrite and nitrate in waters by liquid chromatography. Ion-pair formation and ion exchange retention mechanisms were considered. The optimized option was in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) by means of a silica capillary of 14 cm length and 0.32 mm id, coupled online with a capillary anion exchange analytical column (Inertsil AX 150 × 0.5 mm id, 5 µm) and the use of their native absorbance. Precision of the retention times expressed as % relative standard deviation (RSD) were <1% for both, nitrite (tR = 5.8 min) and nitrate (tR = 10.5 min). Well, river, channel, lake, sea, tap and bottled waters and several matrices of a drinking water treatment plant were analysed, and no matrix effect was observed for all of them. Inorganic anions and several organic acids were tested as possible interferences and suitable selectivity was obtained. Precision expressed as % relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.9 and 3%. Low detection limits of 0.9 and 9 μg/L for nitrite and nitrate were obtained, respectively, and low residue generation near 100 µL per run was also achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Link for citation: Kharanzhevskaya Yu.A., Sinyutkina A.A. Wildfire-related changes of mire water chemistry in forest-tundra and taiga zones of Western Siberia. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 6, рр.193-203. In Rus. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to assess changes in waters chemical composition of mires under the influence of the pyrogenic factor. The aim: to study mire water chemistry of post-fire areas in the forest-tundra and taiga zones of Western Siberia, to analyze the conditions for its formation and patterns of spatial variation depending on the degree of surface burnout. Objects: Great Vasyugan Mire, Ust-Bakchar bog, palsa mire near Pangody village. Methods. Laboratory analysis of the water chemical composition was carried out by titrimetry, spectrophotometry, and flame photometry at the Laboratory and Analytical Center of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat. Analysis of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, P, Mn content in water samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the Plasma Chemical Analytical Center. Statistical data processing was carried out using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Results. Studies have shown that an indicator of the influence of the pyrogenic factor on the water chemistry is an increase in pH, total dissolved solids and concentrations of K+, SO42–, as well as Са2+, Mg2+, HCO3–, NO3–, Fetotal, P, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb. During the self-restоratiоn of mires after the fire, a gradual increase in the concentrations of NH+4, DOC and COD is noted in the waters. Analysis of the data showed 4–16 times higher concentrations of Са2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NH+4, NO3–, Fetotal, HCO3–, DOC and COD, P, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb in the waters of palsa mire in the forest-tundra zone in comparison with water samples taken in the burnt areas in the taiga zone of Western Siberia. Factor analysis showed that the leading factor in the formation of water chemistry is the degree of surface burnout, water temperature, and water table levels. Thus, studies have shown that the water chemistry of post-fire mires largely depends on the degree of surface burnout, the initial genetic characteristics of the mire, and the time elapsed after the fire.

Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman terkait pentingnya menjaga lingkungan guna kelestarian alam agar kedepannya masih bisa di nikmati bersama, memanfaatkan sampah untuk diolah kembali menjadi suatu produk dan bisa menjadi suatu usaha rumah tangga sehingga dapat membantu perekonomian keluarga. Metode atau pendekatan yang digunakan dilakukan secara tidak langsung, seperti kordinasi dengan pihak desa dilakukan secara daring yaitu chatting melalui whatsapp grup, vidiocall via whatsapp bersama anggota kelompok dan perangkat desa guna menyampaikan materi penyelesaian masalah serta program yang akan dijalankan, pengerjaan program kerja dilakukan dengan cara menitipkan kepada masyarakat secara langsung atau turun ke lapangan. Dengan terlaksananya program ini bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan ataupun pengetahuan serta kesadaran pada warga bahwa pentingnya eksistensi lingkungan tidak hanya menciptakan keindah dilingkungan sendiri saja, tetapi harus bersifat menyeluruh dimanapun manusia itu berada masyarakat khususnya desa Selerong kecamatan Sebulu dalam upaya edukasi tentang gaya hidup 5 R (recycle, reduce, repair, replace dan reuse). The purpose of this devotion is to provide an understanding of the importance of maintaining the environment for the preservation of nature so that in the future it can still be enjoyed together, utilizing waste to be reprocessed into a product and can become a household business so that it can help the family economy. Method or approach used is done indirectly, such as coordination with the village is done online, namely chatting through WhatsApp group, videocall via WhatsApp with group members and village devices to convey problem solving materials and programs that will be run, work program work is done by leaving to the community directly or going down to the field. With the implementation of this program aims to increase insight or knowledge and awareness in residents that the importance of environmental existence not only creates beauty in their own environment but must be thorough wherever humans are in the community, especially Selerong village Sebulu subdistrict to educate about lifestyle 5 R (recycle, reduce, repair, replace and reuse).

The different agricultural, industrial, and economic activities generate pesticide residues that are reaching the different bodies of water, contaminating lakes, rivers, soils, biota, among others. In order to monitor these types of substances in the environment, it is necessary to adjust the analysis procedure in the best possible way. This work allowed to establish the best extraction and determination conditions of the pesticides simazina, atrazina, diuron, carbaril, propanil and metomil in river waters and sediments. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and ultrasound methods were used for the extraction of pesticides present in water and sediments respectively. The determination of the compounds was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). The method was tested on water and sediment samples from the Cauca River as it passed through the Department of Valle del Cauca-Colombia-South America. Recovery percentages above 87% were obtained for five of the six pesticides extracted by SPE and above 80% for all pesticides extracted by ultrasound. The pesticides with the highest frequency found in the waters and sediments of the Cauca River were simazine, atrazine and diuron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen dynamics at ecosystem levels profoundly impact the Earth's surface system due to their environmental and ecological significance. Exploring the sources and transformation of nitrogen in various Critical Zones is vital to understanding biogeochemical cycles and sustainable development. This study summarized nitrogen characteristics in soil profiles and nitrogen dynamics in diverse terrestrial ecosystems based on data from typical Critical Zones of China. The results indicated that nitrogen accumulates in the deep soils of cropland ecosystems due to intensive fertilizer applications, which potentially harms soil functions and water quality. Therefore, it is necessary and meaningful to take adequate measures to alleviate nitrogen accumulation in deep soils. Additionally, surplus nitrogen transported into groundwater and riverine systems from soil has emerged as an important issue for environmental management. There are serious nitrogen pollution issues in many river water and groundwater areas, which could be addressed by reducing the fast leaching and considerable nitrogen accumulation in the vadose zone. Systematic and long-term observational studies are needed to achieve the ultimate goal of ecological conservation and high-quality development. Therefore, future research should consider monitoring and evaluating ecosystems based on the long-term Critical Zone Observatories networks to advance appropriate environmental management strategies that adapt to nature's rules and strengthen the ecosystem service function for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Potable and urban waters, which is a vital resource, constitute the most basic research area of today. In the current study, a newly optimized co-precipitation method using bismuth(III) hydroxide has been examined for quantitative separation and preconcentration of iron(III), chromium(III), copper(II), cobalt(II), manganese(II), nickel(II), and cadmium(II) ions from water samples. Analytes were co-precipitated and after dissolving analyzed by micro-sample injection system flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The influence of variables such as sample volume, sodium hydroxide concentration, bismuth(III) concentration, matrix effects, etc. were investigated. The theoretical enrichment factor of the optimized method is 50. The precisions of within-day and intra-day for the analyte elements working real water samples were found in the range of 4.1–4.5. The limit of detections for the analyte elements were in the range of 0.8–9.5 μg/L. The limit of quantification of iron(III), chromium(III), copper(II), cobalt(II), manganese(II), nickel(II), and cadmium(II) ions were calculated to be 18.0, 21.0, 7.6, 6.8, 13.0, 27.0, and 1.1 μg/L, respectively. The analysis of the BCR-715 standard reference water sample demonstrated the procedure’s accuracy, and the method was successfully applied to two different water samples and nine different plants as a real sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics find widespread use in various aspects of our daily lives but often end up in the environment as (micro)plastic waste. In this study, the adsorption efficiency of PET microplastics for U-232 has been investigated prior and after surface alteration (e.g. oxidation (PET-ox), MnO 2 -coating (PET/MnO 2) and biofilm-formation (PET/Biofilm)) in the laboratory (at pH 4, 7 and 9) and seawater samples under ambient conditions and as a function of temperature. The results revealed a significant increase in the adsorption efficiency upon surface alteration, particularly after biofilm development on the MP's surface. Specifically, the K d values evaluated for the adsorption of U-232 by PET, PET-ox, PET/MnO 2 and PET/Biofilm are 12, 27, 73 and 363, respectively, at pH 7 and under ambient conditions. The significantly higher adsorption efficiency of the altered and particularly biofilm-coated PET, emphasizes the significance of surface alteration, which may occur under environmental conditions. In addition, according to the thermodynamic investigations the adsorption of U-232 by PET-MPs (both non-treated and modified), the adsorption is an endothermic and entropy-driven reaction. A similar behavior has been also observed using seawater solutions and assumes that surface alteration is expected to enhance the radionuclide, stability, mobility and bioavailability in environmental water systems. [Display omitted] • Radionuclide (U-232) adsorption by surface-altered PET. • Surface-modification included: oxidation, MnO2-coating and Biofilm formation. • Enhanced adsorption efficiency by the surface-altered PET. • Supreme adsorption efficiency by the biofilm-coated PET. • Radionuclide adsorption by PET is an endothermic and entropy-driven process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squid is one of four important fishery commodities from East Lombok Regency, but its production has tended to decline due to the degradation of squid habitat. The act of installing a squid attractor was believed to help solve this problem. This study aimed to analyze the technical preparation and operational effectiveness of the attractor, and to formulate the strategy for sustainable squid stock enrichment. The method used was descriptive method, effectiveness analysis, and analytical hierarchy process. When installing the attractor, it was necessary to select a water area with the status of free/not being used, of medium depth (dim), and the oceanographic conditions suitable for squid. The used drum attractor installed in Tanjung Luar waters had an effectiveness of 63.33 %. The partnership of industry and fishermen in stock enrichment was leading strategy (priority I) for sustainable squid stock enrichment in Tanjung Luar, East Lombok Regency (L = 0.221, inconsistency 0.03). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Olaparib is an orally active poly (ADP-ribose) PARP (polymerases) inhibitor known to destroy cancer cells with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency. An authentic, fast, distinct, and reliable reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and promptly validated in tablet formulations for olaparib estimation. Materials and Methods: The proposed method focuses on the separation of olaparib in reverse phase mode using a Waters symmetry C18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) analytical column with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the injection volume was kept at 20 µL. The optimized mobile phase consists of ammonium acetate buffer (pH adjusted to 3.5 by glacial acetic acid): methanol in the ratio of 50:50 v/v. Results: The eluents were measured at 254 nm and the retention time for the drug encircled was about 4.32 min. The stress degradation studies of olaparib were conducted under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions to demonstrate the stability of the drug. The regression value of 0.998 showed that the developed method was linear over the range of 80 µg/mL to 120 µg/mL. The developed RP-HPLC method is accurate and precise. The method was statistically validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Conclusion: The proposed method is suitable and can be applied for the quantitative estimation of olaparib without any interference of the excipients used in the drug formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Motif Academy Journal of Folklore is the property of Motif Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accurate measurements of pesticide levels in the environment are necessary to set policies, yet actual analytical methods are limited by the use of toxic solvents and tedious procedures. Here, we used a thermo-switchable deep eutectic solvent, a mixture of oleic acid and lidocaine in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction to improve the extraction of four organophosphorus pesticides and five pyrethroids in simulated water samples. Concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results show that the deep eutectic solvent can be dispersed by shaking and aggregated by heating in the water during the extraction process, which shortened the extraction time to 5 min. Concentrations were measured with good precision, 0.8–9.7% standard deviation, and low detection limit of 0.16–0.81 µg L−1. Analysis of natural river waters spiked with pesticides showed 81–113% recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes the synthesis of a new polymer with imprinted ions (IIP) for the pre-concentration of uranium in natural waters using digital imaging as a detection technique. The polymer was synthesized using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP) for complex formation, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinking reagent, methacrylic acid (AMA) as functional monomer, and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator. The IIP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (FTIR). Uranium determination was performed using digital imaging (ID), and some experimental conditions (sample pH, eluent concentration, and sampling flow rate) were optimized using a two-level full factorial design and Doelhert response surface methodology. Thus, using the optimized conditions, the system allowed the determination of uranium with detection and quantification limits of 2.55 and 8.51 µg L−1, respectively, and a pre-concentration factor of 8.2. All parameters were determined using a 25 mL sample volume. The precision expressed as relative deviation (RSD%) was 3.5% for a solution with a concentration of 50 µg L−1. Given this, the proposed method was used for the determination of uranium in four samples of natural waters collected in the city of Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. The concentrations obtained ranged from 35 to 75.4 μg L−1. The accuracy was evaluated by the addition/recovery test, and the values found ranged between 91 and 109%.

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 1930s, the construction of marine ranching has successively experienced the version 1.0 (traditional marine ranching) of farming-ranching and engineering, and the version 2.0 (marine ecological ranching) of ecologization and informatization, and now it is about to enter the version 3.0 (global aquatic ecological ranching) of digitalization and systematization, which covers seawater and fresh water. Marine ranching version 3.0 must adhere to the modern aquatic ecological ranching development concept of "ecology, precision, intelligence, integration", characterized by synchronous protection and utilization, expansion of scene and space, breakthrough in core technology, and innovation in development patterns. After establishing the whole industrial technology chain of scientific site selection, layout planning, habitat restoration, bio-resource conservation, safety protection and integrative development, a "modern upgraded version" of marine ranching will be established in the northern waters, a "strategic new space" of marine ranching will be expanded in the southern waters, and a new trial of freshwater ranching will be started, so as to support the construction of national marine ranching demonstration zone and lead the construction and development of aquatic ecological ranching around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations and distribution spectra of 14 stable rare earth elements (REE) were studied for surface waters (n = 30) and sediments (n = 30) of the tropical zone Mgoua watershed in southwest of Cameroon. Samples were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) method. The ∑REE concentrations of the surface waters vary from 0.11 to 6.60 µg/L with an average value of 1.18 µg/L. This average is 150 times lower than the average values of the Post-Archean Australian Average Shale (PAAS). In the sediments, the concentrations range from 282.12 to 727.67 ppm with an average value of 550.05 ppm, making it 2.5 times higher than the PAAS. Rare earth spectra normalized to PAAS are spread out and show heavy rare earth enrichment; positive Eu anomalies; negative, low, or no Ce anomalies; and a gradual decrease in heavy earths in river and well waters and sediments, but are sawtooth with strong negative Ce anomalies in effluent waters and sediments. A low rare earth fractionation is noted in river and well waters [(La/Yb)N ~ 0.35–1.19], while it is high in effluent waters [(La/Yb)N ~ 0.42–56.99]; a slight depletion of rare earths in all environments [(La/Sm)N ~ 0.69–2.35], as well as a depletion of heavy rare earths [(Gd/Yb)N ~ 0.58–1.94]. In the sediments, the same characteristics are found with elemental ratio values differing slightly [(La/Yb)N ~ 1.15–1.99]; [(La/Sm)N ~ 0.75–1.36]; and [(Gd/Yb)N ~ 1.15–2.01]. This study shows that the Mgoua watershed does not have a high concentration of REE, although in the sediments they are well above the average PASS value while they are insignificant in the waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The impact of gold mining activities on the Lom River in Wakaso (Adamawa Cameroon) and the potential of Moringa Oleifera seeds for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is evaluated on this paper. Water samples were collected for physicochemical (hydrogen potential, electrical conductivity, turbidity and suspended solids) and chemical (major ions and heavy metals) analyses. To evaluate the effect of mining activities on waters and sediments, a combination of multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) and methods to assess the sediment quality was used. The restorative effect of Moringa oleifera seeds was studied with the determination of the maximum removal efficiencies and the maximum adsorption capacities. The results of the physicochemical characterization of waters showed that these waters were slightly acidic to slightly basic (6.12–8.12), weakly conductive (185.8–584.1 μS cm−1), turbid (345–801NTU) and had high content of suspended solids (167–700 mg L−1). The average concentrations of studied heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Fe, Mn, As and Hg) in waters exceeded the limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Physicochemical characterization of sediments revealed that they were acidic to neutral (5.95–6.80) and organic matter (OM) content ranged from 11.11 to 15.78%. The concentrations of studied trace metals (Ni, Cd, Fe, Hg, Mn and As) in sediments were below the limits recommended by the WHO except for Cd and Hg. The study of the capacity of Moringa oleifera seeds to remove pollutants in waters showed that 54% of the electrical conductivity, 80% of turbidity and 94% of suspended solids were reduced. The maximum removal efficiency of 91.66, 92.30 and 24.48 and the maximum adsorption capacity of 2.4, 2.6 and 16.6 mg g−1were observed for Cd (II), Hg (II) and Fe (II), respectively. Thus, the Moringa oleifera seeds which are locally available natural bio-adsorbent exhibit attractive property to treat wastewater.

The surrounding marine ecological environment and the economic and social development will be seriously harmed if any oil spill of large oil tankers occurs at sea. Therefore, it is important to enhance the accuracy of risk assessment for oil spill of large oil tankers. Take the waters of the Cape Good Hope in Africa as an example. A risk evaluation index system for oil spill of large oil tankers in the waters of Cape of Good Hope was established with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method from the four aspects, i.e. human factors, ship factors, environment factors and management factors, and the risk level of oil spill was evaluated according to the collected data of the large oil tankers through the waters. It is concluded that the oil tankers are at moderate risk of oil spill there. Definitely, the crew's sense of responsibility and wave height are the main factors affecting the oil spill risk of large oil tankers. In general, the new evaluation method provides a theoretical basis for the avoidance of risk of large oil tankers, which is benefit to guarantee the safety of life and property of the crew and the balance of the marine ecosystem.

Ventilation Corridor is an important technique to mitigate local climate problems. Evaluating the benefits of ventilation corridors has gradually become the standard of its construction in cities. Previous studies have often analyzed the volume of ventilation from the perspective of geometric morphology, while there is a lack of discussion on its performance. Therefore, this study innovatively combined the roughness length (Z0), 3-dimensional aerodynamics parameter, with NDVI and M-NDWI, 2-dimensional indices of land cover through the combination of remote sensing inversion and urban morphology analysis. Compared with the traditional ventilation method, the composite indicator could not only guarantee ventilation volume, but also consider the cooling benefits brought by waters and vegetated areas. In detail, this study was contextualized in four districts in the city core of Hefei, Anhui Province, China. Based on the method of least cost path, we set up four different schemes for comparison, including roughness, roughness ​+ ​vegetated areas, roughness ​+ ​waters, and roughness ​+ ​vegetated areas ​+ ​waters. Comparative results were effectively verified through land surface temperature retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper. Results were as follows: (1) Different scenarios exerted different impacts on urban ventilation. Of the four regions, the ventilation corridor that only considers Z0 presented the highest average land surface temperature. (2) The general temperature of ventilation corridors along the path of Z0 ​+ ​NDVI ​+ ​M-NDWI was respectively 34.11 ​°C, 31.73 ​°C, 34.80 ​°C, and 34.93 ​°C, presenting a lowest temperature compared with other scenarios of the same region. (3) Among the four regions, ventilation corridors constructed based on the path of Z0 ​+ ​M-NDWI presented a slightly lower temperature that those based on Z0+NDVI, with respective data of 34.22 ​°C ​

Plastic products have gained global popularity due to their lightweight, excellent ductility, high durability, and portability. However, out of the 8.3 billion tons of plastic waste generated by human activities, 80% of plastic waste is discarded due to improper disposal, and then transformed into microplastic pollution under the combined influence of environmental factors and microorganisms. In this comprehensive study, we present a thorough review of recent advancements in research on the source, distribution, and effect of microplastics. More importantly, we conducted deep research on the catalytic degradation technologies of microplastics in water, including advanced oxidation and photocatalytic technologies, and elaborated on the mechanisms of microplastics degradation in water. Besides, various strategies for mitigating microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems are discussed, ranging from policy interventions, the initiative for plastic recycling, the development of efficient catalytic materials, and the integration of multiple technological approaches. This review serves as a valuable resource for addressing the challenge of removing microplastic contaminants from water bodies, offering insights into effective and sustainable solutions. Environmental problems caused by plastic pollution in water bodies are among the most pressing issues of our time. This review introduces and discusses the source, distribution, and ecological impact of microplastics. Finally, the study on degradation of microplastic by advanced oxidation processes are discussed. [Display omitted] • The source, distribution, and impact of MPs has been discussed. • Research on MPs removal based on AOPs has been summarized and discussed. • Multiple treatment processes should be combined to removal MPs in water. • Perspectives in the MPs pollution control in water were pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide improved selectivity and sensitivity with a short analysis time of about 10 min and low residues for quantitation of nitrite and nitrate in waters by liquid chromatography. Ion-pair formation and ion exchange retention mechanisms were considered. The optimized option was in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) by means of a silica capillary of 14 cm length and 0.32 mm id, coupled online with a capillary anion exchange analytical column (Inertsil AX 150 × 0.5 mm id, 5 µm) and the use of their native absorbance. Precision of the retention times expressed as % relative standard deviation (RSD) were R = 5.8 min) and nitrate (tR = 10.5 min). Well, river, channel, lake, sea, tap and bottled waters and several matrices of a drinking water treatment plant were analysed, and no matrix effect was observed for all of them. Inorganic anions and several organic acids were tested as possible interferences and suitable selectivity was obtained. Precision expressed as % relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.9 and 3%. Low detection limits of 0.9 and 9 μg/L for nitrite and nitrate were obtained, respectively, and low residue generation near 100 µL per run was also achieved.

Despite the well-known cutaneous beneficial effect of thermal water on the skin, no data exist regarding the potential biological effect of orally consumed water on healthy skin. Thus, in this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on age and menstrual cycle timing-matched healthy female volunteers (24 + 24) consuming water A (oligo-mineral) or water B (medium-mineral) for 1 month (T1), the cutaneous lipidomics were compared. Interestingly, only water A consumers had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) change in cutaneous lipidomics, with 66 lipids different (8 decreased and 58 increased). The cutaneous lipidomics of consumers of water A vs. water B were statistically different (p < 0.05). Twenty cutaneous lipids were necessary to predict the water type previously consumed (AUC ~70). Our study suggests that drinking oligo-mineral water may change skin biology and may influence the cutaneous barrier, so future dermatological clinical trials should also account for the water type consumed to avoid potential confounders.

Royal Decree 47/2022, on the protection of waters against diffuse pollution produced by nitrates from agricultural sources, aims to provide a more forceful response to this type of diffuse pollution, given the demonstrated insufficiency of those adopted up to now to achieve the objectives set by Directive 91/676/CEE (which has led the Commission to denounce Spain before the Court of Justice). The new criterion applied by this standard to identify water contaminated by nitrates is going to lead to a very significant increase - around 50% - of the surface area of protected areas identified as vulnerable to this contamination. Another relevant novelty lies in the possibility that the Administrations adopt additional and reinforced protection measures that are considered necessary when the measures adopted within the framework of the action programs are insufficient to achieve the preventive purpose of the fight against pollution by nitrates. of agrarian origin. Among them, the Royal Decree provides for the adoption of limitations on new concessions and other activities subject to its authorization when the applicants cannot demonstrate the innocuousness of the activity on the hydraulic or maritime-terrestrial public domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in the aquatic environment based on the water origin, seasonality and physico‐chemical properties. Methods and Results: The occurrence of C. jejuni and C. coli was determined in waste (29) or surface (56) waters in four different seasons. The air and water temperatures were measured during sampling and chemical analyses of water samples for ammonium, chloride, chlorine, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and iron were performed. The thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. were more frequently detected in wastewater (59%; 17 positive samples) compared to surface water (38%; 21 positive samples), with the highest rate in autumn (67% of samples positive) and with a higher C. coli occurrence than C. jejuni (31% vs. 26%). Ammonium (above 0.2 mg/L) and chloride ion concentrations (above 60 mg/L) favour C. jejuni. Similarly, C. coli occurrence in water was supported by ammonium (above 0.2 mg/L), chloride (above 60 mg/L) and in addition by phosphate ion concentrations (below 0.7 mg/L). Conclusions: Campylobacter presence in water is influenced by physico‐chemical parameters such as concentrations of ammonium and chloride ions. Significance and Impact of the Study: Water environment is an alternative source of Campylobacter. The concentration of ammonium and chloride ions can be used as a basis for successful prediction of the potential occurrence of C. jejuni and C. coli in wastewater and surface water in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. When developing and validating methods of impurity determination, it is important to test the spectral peak purity (SPP) of the main substances using diode array detectors (DAD).Text. It is emphasized that the task of testing SPP is to detect invisible coeluting impurities under the peak of the main substance, and not the control the absolute purity of the peak. SPP testing reduces the risk of getting non enough specific methods. In this regard, we considered the main criteria and key points for assessing the spectral purity of peaks when using computer programs of Agilent's, Shimadzu's, and Waters's chromatographs. Conclusion. Recommendations are given, which should be taken into account for the correct assessment of spectral purity of peaks during development of chromatographic methods and validation of their specificity.

This article seeks to investigate and discuss the results produced by the Lower Paraíba do Sul and Itabapoana River Basin Committee (CBH BPSI) in respect to the institutional environment: the effectiveness of the law and the importance of the theme for the public agenda. The methodological procedure involved documentary research, technical notes, resolutions, management reports, among other documents produced by CBH and / or its basin agency. The primary data were collected from non-participant observation as preponderant technique and unstructured interview in a complementary manner to demonstrate the assimilated governance aspect and the results presented by CBH BPSI in the three biennia studied - corresponding to the period from 2011 to 2017. Data indicate that CBH BPSI has been shown to be an institution that tends to be effective in water governance, even though it has limitations associated with the system design and the context in which these institutions operate.

The occurrence of Helicobacter spp. and fecal bacterial contamination was investigated in high-altitude environments from the Northeastern Andes of Venezuela. Helicobacter DNA was detected by PCR in streams, drinking and irrigation waters, and one culture from drinking water by the HP enrichment medium for selection of Helicobacter pylori, which displayed 98.98% homology to this pathogen based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. FISH demonstrated predominant coccoid cells of the target bacteria indicative of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in all water samples and HP cultures. Our work reveals for the first time Helicobacter spp. in waters from one of the highest places in the world. These results, together with the presence of fecal coliforms (2–160 MPN/100 mL) from the headwaters of rivers to drinking and irrigation waters, alert fecal contamination and epidemiological implications in this area of ecological and economic importance for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses aspects related to the identification of environmental hazards that affect the Ondjiva commune and their direct interrelation with water pollution, typical of anthropic action. From the study of the water resources of the study area, an evaluation of the risks due to anthropic contamination on the waters was carried out. The research was structured in four stages, the main results of which were: a typological model of environmental hazards and a geostatistical model of the quality of surface and groundwater in the study area. Through the characterization and zoning of natural and anthropic factors in the study region, solid waste pollution is identified as the main pollutant focus of the waters of the Ondjiva Commune. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium is one of the leading pollutants due to its persistence and high mobility in the environment. In this work, the sorption behavior of cadmium ions were investigated using a newly synthesized adsorbent, multidentate amine ligand decorated hairy brushes on PS-DVB microbeads. The adsorption parameters were examined to evaluate the optimum values for pH, contact time, temperature and adsorbent amount (pH of 7.0, 5.0 mg adsorbent amount, 60.0 min. contact time, 25°C). The adsorption process well fitted with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order model. The promising results indicated that the sorbent is a good alternative in cadmium removal studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]