Search

Applying C.S. Lewis' metaphor of authors being cathedral-builders to understand intertextual writing (combining influences with innovation) provides a fascinating lens to understand T.H. White's Arthurian work. Exploring how White's The Once and Future King influenced J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series (particularly her characters Vernon and Dudley Dursley) provides a particularly interesting example of how fantasy authors use intertextuality to create original works. Additional Keywords t.h. white; j.k. rowling; the once and future king; book of merlyn; mistress masham's repose; the sword in the stone; harry potter; intertextuality; brenton dickieson; c.s. lewis; arthuriana; lord of the rings; the wart; roald dahl; the once and future king, HOW ARE AUThORS Like CATHeORAL-BUiLoeRS? C.S. Lewis uses the cathedral 'metaphor in his posthumously published essay 'The Genesis of a Medieval Book' to describe how a medieval text may contain [...]

Background: Cutaneous warts are epidermal proliferations caused by human papillomavirus. There are a variety of treatment options for warts with different success rates. Intralesional vitamin D3 injection is an innovative treatment option for warts, and several studies have examined its efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the two modalities of vitamin D3 in wart treatment. Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of topical vitamin D3 derivative (calcipotriol) and intralesional vitamin D3 in the treatment of warts. Patients and Methods: This is an open‐label, therapeutic, comparative, clinical study involving 56 patients with warts. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 28). Group A was treated with topical calcipotriol ointment (0.005%) twice daily for a period of 8 weeks, while Group B was treated with intralesional injection of 0.2–0.3 mL of vitamin D3 (300,000 I.U. per ampule) for 4 sessions (2 weeks apart). The patients were followed every 2 weeks during treatment and then 3 months after the last visit. Results: The percentage of patients who showed a complete response in Group A was higher than that of Group B (95% vs. 59%). Furthermore, 9 patients out of 13 (69.2%) who showed a complete response in Group B required a period of 8 weeks, while only 2 patients out of 21 (9.5%) in Group A required the same period. In addition, side effects were more in Group B. Moreover, no recurrence was observed in Group A, while in Group B, it was seen in 2 (11%) patients. Conclusions: Both topical and intralesional vitamin D3 are effective in the treatment of warts, with topical vitamin D3 having better efficacy, faster, less side effects, and less risk of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted during the period from July, 2023 to January, 2024. Two clinical cases of cattle were reported with cutaneous papillomas, one near right umbilical region and another over the right hind teat of cattle. Both the animals were treated with a protocol designed such that it can regulate the secondary bacterial infection, speedy recovery of integument system and enhance the immune response for complete regression of the warts. The innate immune responses of infected animals were augmented with inactivated pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as autogenous vaccine candidate. The warts were surgically excised, triturated in sterile PBS, inactivated with 0.5% formaline and prepared the autogenous vaccine. The sterility test of vaccine revealed that the vaccine was free from bacterial and fungal contaminants. The chemotherapy includes the use of drugs Thuja ointment, Inj. Enrofloxacin, Inj. Avil and Inj. Anthiomaline. The dose of the vaccine was 1 ml 20 kg-1 b.wt. subcutaneously and given at weekly intervals for a period of 4 weeks. It was observed that the treatment protocol was successfully effective and regression of warts was noticed from 2nd week onwards. By end of 4th week a complete recovery of the wart infected area was noticed with a black scar left behind. The formalin inactivated autogenous vaccine was effective, and applied for control of bovine papillomavirus infection in cattle with combination of chemotherapeutic drugs resulted in early regression of warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Plane warts, when multiple and recurrent, present a therapeutic challenge acting as a source of reinfection, causing frustration and affecting a patient's quality of life. For large numbers of lesions in cosmetically significant sites, topical treatment is preferred to avoid potential sequelae. Objectives To evaluate and compare the efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene 0.1% gel vs. imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of plane warts. Methods In a parallel three-arm randomized controlled trial, 60 patients were randomized to imiquimod, tazarotene or placebo groups. Patients applied the corresponding treatment once daily at night for a maximum of 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were the percentage of respondents with complete clearance in the three studied groups, and the type and frequency of side-effects in each group. Results Both active treatments resulted in significant improvement compared with baseline and the placebo group (P = 0.001). The imiquimod 5% treated group showed complete clearance in 50% (10/20) of patients, partial response in 15% (3/20), and no response in 35% (7/20). Tazarotene 0.1% gel showed complete clearance in 40% (8/20) of patients, partial response in 40% (8/20), and no response in 20% (4/20). No significant difference was detected between the imiquimod and tazarotene groups (P = 0.19). Conclusions Compared with imiquimod, tazarotene 0.1% gel for the treatment of plane warts seems to offer an equivalent treatment response, it maintained efficacy without recurrence and had a safer profile regarding dyspigmentation with an advantageous cheaper cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is an aggressive benign disease characterised by the repeated growth of multiple warts involving the larynx as well as other parts of the respiratory tract. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is most commonly caused by human papillomaviruses 6 and 11. It requires multiple surgical procedures for tumour debulking.Our study aims to evaluate the impact and potential of adjuvant intralesional bevacizumab in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis while providing valuable insights based on a case series analysis.A prospective study of a total of 13 patients with Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis attending a tertiary care hospital with ages ranging from 3 to 30 years was conducted from February 2018 to February 2023 by intralesional bevacizumab 1 ml with a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml per dose, 3 injections, each once every 4 weeks by calculating the number of operative procedures per year, duration of time between procedures, calculating the Derkay score before 1 year of the first injection and after 1 year of the last dose injection of bevacizumab treatment. Inclusion criteria are ages between 3 and 30 years with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis who underwent at least 4 or more surgical procedures with no adjuvant therapies. In all our cases, the affected area was the larynx.Adjuvant therapy with intralesional bevacizumab increases the duration of time between surgical procedures and reduces the number of operative procedures each year with an overall improvement in the Derkay score. No adverse drug effects have been reported in our study.Intralesional Bevacizumab is an effective and safe adjuvant treatment option for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. It increases the duration of time between surgical procedures and decreases the number of procedures per year with an overall improvement in the Derkay score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Viral infections cause oxygen deprivation, leading to hypoxia or anoxia in certain tissues. The limitation of mitochondrial respiration is one of the major events during hypoxia that induces alternative metabolic activities and increased levels of certain biomolecules such as nitric oxide (NO) metabolites. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of NO metabolites and hypoxia in HPV infection. Materials and Methods: We included 36 patients with palmoplantar warts and 36 healthy subjects and performed serum determinations of NO metabolites (direct nitrite, total nitrite, nitrate, and 3-nitrotyrosine) and HIF1α, a marker of hypoxia. Results: We found elevated serum levels in NO metabolites and HIF1α, and decreased direct nitrite/nitrate ratios in patients with warts versus controls. Additionally, we identified statistically significant positive correlations between NO metabolites and HIF1α levels, except for 3-nitrotyrosine. Conclusions: Our findings show that HPV infection causes hypoxia and alterations in NO metabolism and suggest a link between wart development and cellular stress. Our research could provide new insights for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of cutaneous HPV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis caused by β-human papillomaviruses (HPV) in immunodeficient patients. EV is characterized by flat warts and pityriasis-like lesions and might be isolated or syndromic, associated with some other infectious manifestations. We report here three patients from two independent families, with syndromic EV for both of them. By whole exome sequencing, we found that the patients carry new homozygous variants in STK4, both leading to a premature stop codon. STK4 deficiency causes a combined immunodeficiency characterized by a broad infectious susceptibility to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Auto-immune manifestations were also reported. Deep immunophenotyping revealed multiple cytopenia in the three affected patients, in particular deep CD4+ T cells deficiency. We report here the fourth and the fifth cases of the syndromic EV due to STK4 deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the incidence of bovine teat papillomatosis and the activity of haematophagous flies was investigated in Japan. A total of 15,737 flies consisting of 33 species were collected by dry ice‐baited mosquito net (DMN) trap and a sweep net from udders of cattle. Simulium aokii (Takahasi) of Simuliidae (black flies) was the predominant species, followed by S. tobetsuense Ono and S. iwatense (Shiraki). Simulium aokii had the highest peak in October, followed by September. Numbers of blood spots from the bites per teat in nulliparous cattle were significantly correlated with numbers of S. aokii collected by DMN trap. Numbers of teats with warts and spots of blood from the bites per teat were significantly more abundant in anterior teats than posterior teats. The average incidence of teat papillomatosis in nulliparous cattle was significantly higher than that in parous cattle, and the highest incidence by month was in May, followed by April. Although bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA was not detected in flies examined, the presence of black flies and blood spots from their bites were associated with subsequent high incidence of growing warts. In particular, it would pay to give attention to species such as S. aokii that severely attack udders in the present locality. Further investigations for the detection of BPV DNA from flies parasitizing on teats are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucocutaneous manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV) are common and vary in presentation, depending on HPV type and anatomical site. It is important for nurses to understand common presentations of HPV on the skin and identify these in practice. This article reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of common mucocutaneous manifestations of HPV as well as current treatment recommendations, risk factors, and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GCA, also known as Buschke-Lowenstein tumor, is a rare sexually transmitted disease associated with HPV types 6 and 111. These warts are considered histologically benign, but there is a risk of localized invasion and development of malignancy. This malignant transformation occurs most often in the perianal and vulvar areas, and involvement of other sites is relatively rare2. In this case, we report a rare case of a giant wart originating from breast skin infected with HPV and progressing to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A right-hand-dominant female presented 5 weeks following a right middle finger intralesional cantharidin injection for a common wart by a dermatologist. The patient experienced progressive stiffness, blistering, swelling, pain, and ultimately, full-thickness skin necrosis surrounding the injection site. Careful debridement followed by a full-thickness skin graft was performed with no evidence of involvement of the germinal matrix or terminal extensor tendon. At the 7-month postoperative mark, the patient's graft exhibited favorable healing and improved functionality that did not require further follow-up. Intralesional injection of cantharidin solutions for digital warts leads to progressive skin necrosis. Our case required prompt debridement and defect coverage. Involvement of the underlying anatomical structures was also a concern. Dermatologists and hand surgeons should be familiar with this complication as intralesional cantharidin injections are contraindicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A plantar wart is a benign hyperplasia that appears on the feet due to the human papillomavirus (HPV). One method used for the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts, those lasting over 2 years or persisting after at least two treatment attempts, is the cantharidin (1%), podophyllin (5%), and salicylic acid (30%) formulation, also known as the CPS formulation. Although this method is in use, there are few studies on it. This study's objective was to ascertain its cure rate. For this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the medical records of patients treated with the CPS formulation at a podiatric clinic specializing in plantar wart treatment. Our sample size was 48 subjects. The CPS formulation had a cure rate of 62.5%. Out of the cured patients, 86.67% (26/30) required one or two applications. There was no observable correlation (p > 0.05) between wart resolution and virus biotype, evolution time, patient's morphological and clinical attributes, location, number of warts, or preceding treatments. The CPS formulation presents a relatively high efficacy rate for treating recalcitrant HPV plantar warts. Still, additional studies are necessary to evaluate its safety and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Human papillomavirus is an infection involving a virus that is omnipresent and can range from benign wart lesions to malignant skin growths. This review includes an analysis of the skin manifestations caused by HPV, and the need for continued successful diagnostic techniques and treatment methods, given the increasing rates of infection among people worldwide. We reviewed all 135 studies related to pathophysiology involving skin, risk factors, and early detection methods like biopsy and molecular testing, from 2000 to 2023. The current treatments, including cryotherapy and laser therapy, are discussed, while the review emphasizes the role of HPV vaccination in preventing infection. Recommendations for the future would involve the improvement of public education and increased vaccine coverage, together with innovative therapies toward better management or control of skin diseases associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). By advancing these recommendations, we will be in a better position to prevent and treat HPV skin conditions, thus improving the health condition of the general public across the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condyloma acuminatum (CA), commonly known as anogenital warts, is a prevalent sexually transmitted disease primarily caused by low risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. This case report outlines the successful use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat extensive condyloma acuminatum in a young female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. The patient also had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I. Carbon dioxide laser treatment were initially used to remove some surface warts, followed by PDT, resulting in satisfactory outcomes. After seven sessions, the warty growths were successfully removed. Interdisciplinary collaboration, involving rheumatology, gynecology, and dermatology, facilitated comprehensive management. This case highlights the efficacy and safety of PDT in treating condyloma acuminatum and suggests its potential as an alternative treatment for young SLE patients with similar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are multiple conservative treatment options for plantar warts, but none have proven to be universally effective. Nitric acid is often used empirically by podiatrists in the treatment of plantar warts. A novel medical device or topical solution of nitric–zinc complex solution (NZCS) could potentially offer an effective and safe alternative for the targeted treatment of plantar warts. Objective: To observe the rate of complete healing of NZCS in a series of plantar wart cases and to establish the minimum number of product applications and time needed for healing. This will help standardize and protocolize its use. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted involving 72 patients who exhibited symptoms of plantar warts. These patients underwent chemical treatment using a nitric–zinc complex. Results: The cure rate with NZCS was 59.2%. The average number of NZCS applications was 5.9 ± 3.0 and the mean duration of treatment was 9.4 ± 7.1 weeks. A recurrence rate of 6.7% was observed. Conclusions: The topical solution of the nitric–zinc complex is an effective treatment for plantar warts, which can be considered a first-line treatment option in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treating plantar warts is still a challenging problem with a long list of diverse treatment options that none of them seems to be definitive. To evaluate the effectiveness of intralesional acyclovir versus intralesional Hepatitis-B vaccine (HBV) in treatment of multiple resistant plantar warts. Forty-eight patients with resistant plantar warts completed the study with no dropouts. They were randomized into 3 groups; group(A) receiving intralesional HBV, group (B) receiving intralesional acyclovir and group (C) receiving intralesional saline as a control group over 5 biweekly sessions or until wart clearance. Clinical outcome was assessed through sequential digital lesion photographing upon each visit. Treatment related adverse reactions were recorded. 43.8%, 37.5% & 18.7% of Groups A, B &C respectively showed a complete response. pain was obvious in 100% and 56.3% of cases receiving intralesional acyclovir and HBV respectively. Up to the 6 month follow up period, none of the complete responders in all groups returned with a recurrence. Both acyclovir and HBV showed comparable efficacy and seem to be promising options for treating plantar warts being safe, affordable, and theoretically safe in immunocompromised cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plantar warts are common skin lesions that continue to represent a therapeutic challenge. They are still resistant to therapy and are highly recurrent, despite the diverse number of treatments available. Therapies targeting vasculature, such as pulsed dye laser, have been used successfully in the treatment of plantar warts. Polidocanol, a detergent sclerosant approved for the sclerotherapy of incompetent and dilated saphenous veins, has also been used as an off-label therapy for a wide range of skin conditions with vascular components such as hemangiomas and pyogenic granuloma. The current, open-label, prospective, pilot study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the intralesional polidocanol 3% in the treatment of plantar warts. Twenty patients (11 females and 9 males), with plantar warts, aged 12–50 years received biweekly sessions of intralesional polidocanol 3% until complete clearance or for a maximum of 6 sessions. Response to treatment was graded as complete (100% clearance), partial (50–99%), and no response (< 50%). At the end of the study, 12 (60%) patients achieved complete clearance of their warts after 1–5 sessions, 5 (25%) patients had only partial response, and 3 (15%) patients did not achieve any clearance of their warts. The procedure was largely tolerable by patients. Pain at the injection site and bruises were reported by 9 (45%) and 2 (10%) patients, respectively. Both side effects resolved spontaneously and completely within a few days. The findings of the current study suggest that intralesional injection of 3% polidocanol in biweekly sessions may be a safe, effective, and tolerable method for the treatment of plantar warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of dupilumab, a biologic medication, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in pediatric and young adult patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). The medication has been approved for use in children with moderate to severe AD who have inadequate control with topical therapies. The article presents case studies of patients with IEIs and AD who were treated with dupilumab, showing significant clinical improvement as early as week 4 of treatment. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in this patient population. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The clinical strategy of oral supplementation of Vitamin D (VD) as a preventive and therapeutic measure for warts needs further exploration. Methods: The clinical data of patients with skin diseases who visited the Children's Hospital affiliated with Chongqing Medical University from February 2018 to June 2024 were collected. The serum VD levels in patients with warts (common warts, flat warts, and plantar warts) and patients with other common skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, vitiligo, and chronic urticaria) were compared. Two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to investigate potential causal associations between VD and warts. Results: The average serum VD level of children with warts was 23.27 ± 7.07 ng/mL, which showed no statistically significant difference compared to children with other common skin diseases. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method analysis indicated a positive causal relationship between VD and warts (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.86, [95% CI: 1.19−2.92], p = 0.007). Sensitivity analysis did not show any indication of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. The MR‐PRESSO method did not identify any outliers. Conclusion: The levels of serum VD in children with warts do not significantly decrease compared to children with other common skin conditions. The evidence from the MR analysis indicates a positive causal relationship between VD and warts, suggesting caution in supplementing VD for children with warts who have normal or elevated serum VD levels. Further clinical studies are needed for validation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin disease is a significant contributor to the global disease burden, with dermatologic health disparities adding to this burden. Internists, general practitioners, and other medical professionals often manage skin disease with limited exposure to dermatologic education in medical school. Objective: This study evaluated a brief educational intervention for medical students to improve dermatologic knowledge, diagnostic and communication skills, and comfort in performing dermatology-focused physical exams. A secondary focus of the intervention was to promote awareness of skin disease, detection, and prevention for patients with a variety of skin tones. Methods: Sixty-five first through fourth-year students at Rutgers RWJMS participated in a pre-test–post-test within-subject study. Students described images using open-ended responses followed by multiple-choice identification questions. Students watched a one-hour self-paced module created by a licensed dermatologist and completed a follow-up assessment. Results: At pre-test, descriptions were brief and often inaccurate but significantly improved post-intervention to include descriptors such as primary morphology and demarcation. Accuracy on diagnostic and management questions significantly improved and comfort in advising patients and performing dermatologic exams significantly increased. Conclusions: A low-cost, brief, self-paced module can augment dermatologic education for medical students while increasing exposure to multiple skin tone presentations of lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses intertriginous skin disorders, which are common in general practice and can range from benign conditions to chronic diseases. These disorders occur in areas where opposing skin surfaces come into contact, such as the groin folds, axillae, and natal cleft. The article emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and physical examination in diagnosing these disorders and provides a list of common intertriginous skin disorders and their first-line management options. It suggests that referral to a dermatologist may be necessary in certain cases. Overall, the article concludes that most intertriginous skin disorders can be successfully managed in primary care. [Extracted from the article]

Cutaneous warts also known as verruca vulgaris are common benign epithelial proliferation caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). For the eradication of warts, several therapeutic techniques have been suggested. However, complete eradication of cutaneous wart is not always achieved with standard therapy. Although there is still a scarcity of data, the use of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) may be a useful treatment option to manage cutaneous warts. We present a case of a 19-year-old male teenager with asymptomatic brownish to greyish verrucous papules and plaques over the upper and lower extremities for almost 2 years. Diagnosis of cutaneous warts was established with clinical findings and dermoscopy of the lesions which revealed pinpoint dots of papillary capillaries. The patient was treated with combination of Er:YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) and Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) LASER under local anesthesia. All cutaneous warts were completely removed with no noted serious adverse events. The Er:YAG laser is perfectly suited for rapid and precise warts removal without thermal harm to surrounding tissue. Combining with the Nd:YAG laser, which affects the nearby blood vessels and removes the remaining wart tissue, has produced favorable outcome. Combining Er:YAG with Nd:YAG in a LASER is a promising and effective way to eliminate cutaneous warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russula rubrosquamosa (Russulaceae, Russlales) is described as a novel species from Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It is morphologically recognised by a small basidiocarp with orange-yellow to orange-red scales on the pileus and stipe, white lamellae, orange-red to bright red basal mycelia, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with dense warts and short or long ridges. Phylogenetically analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene combined with the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region also confirm that R. rubrosquamosa forms an independent lineage within Russula subgenus Heterophyllidia section Ingratae. A comprehensive description, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, line-drawings of microstructures and comparisons with morphologically similar species are provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination represents a milestone in primary prevention of sexually transmitted infections. However, little is known about its possible effects on already established HPV infections. We report the case of a 9-year-old immunosuppressed girl with refractory warts, successfully treated with the nonavalent-HPV vaccine and review the literature about the therapeutic effects of HPV vaccination on benign HPV-induced epithelial proliferations in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. In the literature, promising results were shown on cutaneous warts after HPV vaccination, especially in children and young adults, also in immunosuppressed patients, whereas controverse results were found on anogenital warts. These findings suggest a critical need for randomized clinical trials to assess the efficacy of HPV vaccination in the treatment of benign HPV-induced epithelial proliferations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There are several treatment options for genital warts, but many can cause skin sensitivities or lead to a recurrence of lesions. This study seeks to compare the effectiveness of 20% zinc oxide ointment with 80% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution for treating genital warts. Materials and Methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, 88 women with genital warts were divided into two groups of 44. Group A received treatment with zinc oxide, while group B was treated with TCA. Patients were followed up three times, at the end of the fourth, eighth, and twelfth weeks after the start of treatment, to assess the effectiveness of the treatments for genital warts. Results: The number, thickness, and diameter of genital warts decreased significantly in both groups during 12-week period (P=0.0001). However, the reduction in the number, thickness, and diameter of warts was significantly greater in the TCA group compared to the zinc oxide group (P=0.001). After 12 weeks, the TCA group achieved complete clearance of lesions in 84.1% of patients, while the zinc oxide group had a 31.7% clearance rate (P=0.001). Conclusions: Given the significantly higher rate of complete clearance of lesions achieved with TCA compared to zinc oxide, it may be a more effective treatment option and preferable in the management of genital warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The oral cavity, the beginning of the digestive system, has diverse lesions affecting it other than Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Soft-tissue Tumours (STT) are uncommon lesions. Overlapping of the signs and symptoms in diverse conditions creates significant problems for reaching their definitive diagnosis. Histopathological Examination (HPE) plays a central role in giving their final diagnosis. Assessment of the clinical features, histopathology, along with Immunohistochemistry (IHC), helps in reaching an accurate diagnosis in these cases, which further aids in the proper management of the patient. Aim: To study the spectrum of oral cavity lesions and tumours with emphasis on STT. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Otolaryngology, Dr. Ulhas Patil Medical College, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India included the oral cavity lesion samples received over two years (from January 2021 to December 2022) in the histopathology section of a Medical College in Maharashtra, India. A total of 170 cases were included in the study. Complete clinical information including age, sex, anatomical location, clinical diagnosis, and histological subtypes were compiled. The HPE diagnosis were classified into four categories-Non neoplastic, Benign, Epithelial Proliferative lesions {including viral/Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related}/Intraepithelial neoplastic lesions/Precursor or Pre-malignant, and malignant with special emphasis on STTs found. The data was statistically analysed and the results were presented as percentages. Full details of the soft-tissue lesions were recorded, entered into an Excel sheet, and studied for the percentage-wise distribution of various recorded parameters. Results: A total of 170 cases were found. Male:female distribution was 2.78:1, and most patients were in the seventh decade, n=38 (22.35%). The most common lesions other than SCC, n=110 (64.71%) found were mucocele, chronic inflammatory lesion and wart. The Buccal Mucosa/Gingivo-buccal Sulcus (GBS) were the most commonly involved site, n=82 (48.24%). Malignant lesions were more common in the sixth and seventh decades, with a male preponderance of 2.71:1. The uncommon STTs found were-Benign: Haemangioma/pyogenic granuloma (n=2), a Schwanomma, and a Proliferative Fasciitis (PF); Malignant: two fibrosarcomas and a high-grade sarcoma. All three malignant STTs were found in males of the sixth decade involving the buccal mucosa. Conclusion: Among the variety of lesions found in the oral cavity, HPE facilitates the recognition of the STT, especially the malignant ones, aiding in proper management. Being an extremely uncommon entity at this site, the documentation of these findings is of utmost importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]