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Objective Lower limb discrepancy (LLD) was frequently observed in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS), potentially associated with etiopathogenesis. Although sole lifts had been proposed as a conservative treatment for IS, evidence supporting their efficacy was limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of sole lift intervention on pediatric patients with mild IS, specifically focusing on thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curvature. Methods Twenty patients, with an average age of 12.3 ± 3.1 years and presenting mild TL/L curve (15.6° ± 6.2°), were selected from a pool of 267 pediatric IS patients in the outpatient of our spine center from February 2023 to August 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised a main TL/L curve ranging between 10° and 40°, the lower limb positioned at the convexity of the main curve, and LLD of less than 2 cm; individuals requiring bracing or surgical intervention were excluded. Custom sole lifts were used to address the shorter lower limb with the objective of leveling the pelvis. Radiographic evaluations were conducted both before and after intervention using standing full spine posteroanterior radiographs and full leg length radiographs. Statistical analysis was undertaken to evaluate curve correction and its associations with other influencing factors. Results The mean structural and functional LLD were 7.1 ± 4.5 mm and 7.1 ± 4.1 mm, respectively. Among the 20 patients, four exhibited structural LLD greater than 10 mm. The average follow‐up duration was 6.4 ± 1.9 months (range: 3–8 months). Following sole lift intervention (7.0 ± 3.0 mm), a significant reduction was observed in the TL/L curve compared to the pre‐sole lifting measurements (15.6° ± 6.2° vs. 12.1° ± 7.2°, p 0.05). Additionally, even after adjusting for other influencing factors, the TL/L Cobb angle remained significantly different between pre‐ and post‐sole lifting (p = 0.037). Conclusion This study confirmed the effectiveness of sole lift intervention in correcting TL/L and thoracic curves among the mild IS children with a main TL/L curve, providing a supplementary conservative treatment option for patients with the lower limb at the convexity of the main curve. Moreover, our findings underscored the active compensation of the lower limbs and the pelvis in the etiopathogenesis of IS, highlighting the importance of considering their influence in treatment strategies.

In July 2024, the National Healthcare Security Administration issued "Notice on Printing and Distributing the 2.0 Edition Grouping Scheme for Diagnosis Related Group(DRG) and Disease-based Payment and Further Advancing Related Work, " marking the official entry of China's DRG payment reform into the 2.0 era. In the 2.0 edition of the DRG grouping scheme, the number of DRGs has increased by six groups, and that of the adjacent DRGs has increased by 33 groups, featuring more scientific and reasonable grouping that aligns better with clinical practice. The National Healthcare Security Administration has also clarified five supporting management mechanisms, including the special case negotiation mechanism, the fund prepayment mechanism, the negotiation and consultation mechanism, the feedback mechanism for opinion collection, and the data disclosure mechanism. These are aimed at optimizing the management of DRG payment reform to ensure a win-win situation for medical institutions, healthcare security departments, and patients. The release of the DRG 2.0 edition provides medical institutions with more refined management tools and a more reasonable paymentmechanism. Medical institutions need to actively embrace this reform, optimize internal management, and improve service quality to achieve cost control and efficiency enhancement, ultimately leading to a win-win situation for patients, healthcare security funds, and medical institutions.

Fused silica with surface structures has potential applications in microfluidic, aerospace and other fields. To fabricate structures with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality is of paramount importance. However, it is indeed a challenge to strike a balance between accuracy and efficiency at the same time. Here, a temporally shaped femtosecond laser Bessel-beam-assisted etching method with dual-control of incubation effect is proposed to achieve this balance. Instead of layer-by-layer ablation continuously with Gaussian pulses, silica is modified discretely by double pulse Bessel beam with one single layer. During the modification process, incubation effect is dual-controlled in single shot process and spatial scanning process to generate even modified region efficiently. Then, the modified region is etched to form designed structures such as microholes, grooves, etc. The proposed method exhibits high efficiency for fabrication of surface structures in fused silica.

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to explore the physiological mechanism of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide (2,4-EBR) in alleviating the damage caused by salt-alkali stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings, to provide a basis for the application of 2,4-EBR to alleviate salt-alkali stress in leguminous plants. [Methods] Using Shanxi red common bean ‘Yunxuan 2’ as the test material, the authors studied the effects of exogenous spraying of 0.1 mg/L 2,4-EBR and 4.0 mg/L brassinozole (BRZ) on the growth, photosynthetic gas parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and osmotic adjustment substance of common bean seedlings under saline-alkali stress at 100 mmol/L. [Results] Under saline-alkali stress, common bean leaves were curled and withered, and plant height, leaf area, main root length, synthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) were all decreased significantly (P

With the development of urbanization, there is an increasing demand for higher land utilization rates, leading to the emergence of high-rise residential and commercial complexes. Additionally, in coastal areas, the presence of soft soil and low bearing capacity of the foundation necessitate higher foundation bearing capacity. Large-diameter, super-long piles have been widely employed in engineering projects to address these challenges effectively. This study analyzes their vertical bearing characteristics through field load tests and determines vertical load distribution and transfer mechanisms by using Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry. A numerical computation and analysis method based on PLAXIS 3D was established, examining the effects of parameters such as pile diameter, length, and soil modulus on the vertical bearing characteristics. Results indicate that large-diameter, super-long piles mainly bear loads through side friction, with the tip bearing less load. As load levels increase, axial force increases linearly above 40 m depth and becomes nonlinear below. Frictional resistance is significant below 40 m at 3,700 kN load. Parameter analysis shows that increasing pile length and diameter enhances bearing capacity, suggesting this method to improve pile foundation capacity in engineering.

Ecological flow (Hereinafter referred to as EF) is vital for sustaining the health of aquatic ecosystems, whereas fluctuations in rainfall and temperature markedly influence the water needs of riverine aquatic organisms. However, traditional hydrological methods for calculating EF provide a single, fixed EF value throughout the year or for specific periods (such as the flood season or non-flood season), neglecting the dynamic effects of these environmental variables on flow requirements. Building on regression analyses of rainfall and temperature, this study proposes an improved hydraulic method (Hereinafter referred to as IHM) that integrates both rainfall and temperature effects. Utilizing the three cascade hydropower plants on the mainstream of the Liuxi River in Guangdong Province, China, as case studies, the proposed method expands upon traditional hydraulic methods by establishing a relationship between river hydraulic parameters and flow, and employing the ecological suitability thresholds of indicator species as constraints to calculate the EF solution sets for the three hydropower plants. By fitting functions to the basin’s rainfall and temperature data, linear interpolation was applied to distribute the EF solution sets across 12 months within a year. The IHM is subsequently compared and validated with the evaluation standards of the traditional method. The results demonstrate that the monthly EFs by the IHM for the three cascaded hydropower plants address the constraints of fixed EFs by traditional hydraulic methods, offering more accurate and context-specific EFs for each month. The monthly EFs by the IHM also typically conform to the Tennant method’s 10 % standard (fair status) and, during certain months, reach the 40 % standard (good status), thereby effectively preserving the stability of the river’s aquatic environment. The IHM provides a robust technical foundation and theoretical framework for the accurate determination of EFs in riverine hydropower plants.

We propose and demonstrate the simulation and fabrication of an all-fiber orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode converter capable of generating first- to fourth-order modes simultaneously, which is realized by inscribing a cascaded preset-twist long-period fiber grating (CPT-LPFG) in a six-mode fiber utilizing a CO2 laser. A new segmented Runge–Kutta method is proposed to simulate the preset-twist long-period fiber gratings. By calculating the twist angle and relative coupling coefficient for each pitch and then solving the coupled mode equations utilizing the Runge–Kutta algorithm. The simulation illustrates that the preset-twist method significantly improves the coupling coefficient of higher-order modes, thereby reducing coupling difficulty. In the experiment, by twisting the fiber at an angle of 1080° and fabricating cascaded gratings with periods of 745 μm, 310 μm, 204 μm, and 146 μm, it is feasible to generate first- to fourth-order OAM modes simultaneously, at wavelengths of 1635 nm, 1548 nm, 1460 nm, and 1334 nm, respectively. The insertion loss is less than 1 dB, and the mode purity is over 90 %. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that first- to fourth-order OAM modes are simultaneously generated utilizing a single long-period fiber grating.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women, with hormone receptor-positive cases constituting 70%. Fulvestrant, an antagonist for these receptors, is utilized for advanced metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Yet, its inhibitory effect on tumor cells is not strong, and it lacks direct cytotoxicity. Consequently, there's a significant challenge in preventing recurrence and metastasis once cancer cells develop resistance to fulvestrant. Method To address these challenges, we engineered tumor-targeting nanoparticles termed 131I-fulvestrant-ALA-PFP-FA-NPs. This involved labeling fulvestrant with 131I to create 131I-fulvestrant. Subsequently, we incorporated the 131I-fulvestrant and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) into fluorocarbon nanoparticles with folate as the targeting agent. This design facilitates a tri-modal therapeutic approach—endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and PDT for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Results Our in vivo and in vitro tests showed that the drug-laden nanoparticles effectively zeroed in on tumors. This targeting efficiency was corroborated using SPECT-CT imaging, confocal microscopy, and small animal fluorescence imaging. The 131I-fulvestrant-ALA-PFP-FA-NPs maintained stability and showcased potent antitumor capabilities due to the synergism of endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and CR-PDT. Throughout the treatment duration, we detected no notable irregularities in hematological, biochemical, or histological evaluations. Conclusion We've pioneered a nanoparticle system loaded with radioactive isotope 131I, endocrine therapeutic agents, and a photosensitizer precursor. This system offers a combined modality of radiotherapy, endocrine treatment, and PDT for breast cancer. Graphical Abstract

[Objective] The Ten Tributaries Area in Inner Mongolia belongs to the sandy and coarse sediment area and the ecologically fragile area in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. A field investigation was conducted on soil erosion at Xiliugou watershed (a typical watershed in the Ten Tributaries area), and the characteristics and causes of soil and water loss in the watershed were analyzed in order to provide a basis for soil erosion control in the Ten Tributaries Area. [Methods] From September 19 to 26, 2022, and from June 21 to 26, 2023, 15 investigation sites and 14 watersheds were respectively set up along the X640 Jiechai (Jiejiaying—Chaijiapu) line and G109 Jingla (Beijing—Lhasa) line to investigate the vegetation, soil, soil erosion characteristics, and water and soil conservation measures of the investigation sites and watersheds. [Results] Grassland erosion in the watershed was observed to be severe, while erosion of cultivated land was not severe. Wind erosion of bare soil was more serious in gullies. In the upstream of loess plateau hilly area, there was severe gully erosion, and the processes of headwind erosion, downcutting erosion, and gully bank expansion had not ceased during the study period. These processes were accompanied by significant gravity erosion. In the midstream sandstorm region, wind-water complex erosion was the main type, which greatly increased the total sediment yield of the watershed. Man-made disturbances such as road construction and slope excavation further increased the risk of erosion. The results of runoff sediment content measurement verified that the main source of sediment in the watershed was from the upstream region. Soil and water conservation measures within the watershed mainly consisted of vegetation and engineering measures. Although these measures have made some contributions to soil and water conservation, they have been relatively limited in their forms, and have not fully achieved the desired effects. [Conclusion] The short duration and high intensity of rainfall that occurs at Xiliugou watershed, combined with soil dominated by arsenic sandstone, have led to soil erosion in the area. Human activities under economic development pressure have exacerbated ecological risks. The local government should continue to increase investment in soil and water conservation, enhance regulatory capabilities, strengthen research on the monitoring and mechanisms of soil erosion, and improve comprehensive soil and water conservation management.

ABSTRACTUnintended effects of gene edit crops may pose safety issues. Omics is a useful tool for researchers to evaluate these unexpected effects. Transcriptome and proteomics analyses were performed for two gene editors, CRISPR-Cas9 and adenine base editor (ABE) gene edit rice, as well as corresponding wild-type plants (Nipponbare). Transcriptome revealed 520 and 566 rice differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Cas9/Nip and ABE/Nip comparisons, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs participated in metabolism of terpenoids and polyketones, plant–pathogen interactions, and plant signal transduction. It mainly belongs to environmental adaptation. Proteomics revealed 298 and 54 rice differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the Cas9/Nip and ABE/Nip comparisons, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that most DEPs participated in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite and metabolic pathways.According to integrated transcriptomes and proteomics analysis, the results showed that no newly generated genes were identified as new transcripts of these differentially expressed genes, and gene edit tools had little effect on rice transcription levels and no new proteins were generated in the gene-edited rice.

Objective: To realize the rapid traceability detection of Astragalus membranaceus from different origins. Methods: This study proposed a rapid detection method for the origin of Astragalus membranaceus based on the improved MobileNetv3 network based on the combination of electronic tongue and electronic eye. The electronic tongue and electronic eye were used to collect the one-dimensional fingerprint and two-dimensional appearance image information of different samples of Astragalus membranaceus. The Gramian Angular Field (GAF) was used to convert the one-dimensional electronic tongue signal into two-dimensional image information, retain the time series related features in the electronic tongue signal, and then fused them with the image information collected by the electronic eye. Finally, the MobileNetv3 model improved based on Pyramid Split Attention (PSA) was adopted to realize the classification and recognition of Astragalus samples from different habitats. Results: The experimental results showed that the method in this paper had higher recognition accuracy than using electronic tongue or electronic eye alone. The accuracy, precision, rrecall and F1-score of the test set were 98.8%, 98.8%, 98.8% and 0.99, respectively. The classification accuracy of the improved MobileNetv3 network was 8% higher than that of the original model, and the parameter quantity was only about 1/5 of the original parameter quantity. Conclusion: The improved MobileNetv3 network can effectively reduce the calculation of parameters and improve the recognition accuracy of Astragalus membranaceus from different origins.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene testing were conducted for seven cases of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma. In histomorphological terms, all seven cases involved pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma, accounting for more than 10% of the entire tumor, with pleomorphic spindle cells and giant cells mixed with various histomorphological structures of adenocarcinoma with high, intermediate, and low differentiation. There was large heterogeneity in the HER2 protein expression and HER2 gene amplification in the gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma, and both levels of HER2 were focal in three cases, accounting for 42.9% (3/7). The mismatch repair gene proteins MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6 were positive. Routine immunohistochemical markers, i.e., pan-cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, villin, caudal-type homeobox 2, E-cadherin, and p53, were positive in the gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma, while vimentin, calponin, smooth muscle actin, nestin, S-100, cluster of differentiation (CD) 99, desmin, and CD34 were focally expressed in both the spindle and the giant cells, with Ki-67-positive cells accounting for 70–80%. Gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma presents multiple histomorphological features and is easily confused with various tumors. Clarifying the histopathological features of this type of tumor is important for differential diagnosis and precise treatment.

In order to obtain the online monitoring information of boiler furnace temperature field in thermal power plant quickly and accurately, a temperature field reconstruction algorithm of acoustic tomography (AT) based on deep neural network (DNN) was proposed. After normalizing the measured values, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) dimension reduction, a fully connected network was constructed to distinguish the peak type. Moreover, DNN and BP neural network were built to predict the normalized slowness value and its maximum value, respectively. Finally, the temperature field distribution was reconstructed. Four typical temperature field models were simulated by using this method. The results show that the reconstruction quality of DNN algorithm is better than that of Tikhonov regularization algorithm and conjugate gradient algorithm. In addition, the average relative error and root mean square error of reconstructed image are less than 0.36% and 0.85% respectively.

Objective: In view of the improvement of the national standard method of distillation pretreatment, combined with the advantages of ion chromatography, a rapid determination of sulfite by microextract-ion chromatography in red wine was established. Methods: Sulfur dioxide was released by microextraction device, which was absorbed by sodium hydroxide solution to form sulfite, and then oxidized to sulfate. The samples were then filtered by 0.45 μm filter and determined by ion chromatograph. Results: The concentration of sulfite ion in range of 1.0~50 mg/L showed a linear relationship with the peak area, with correlation coefficient of 0.999 9, and the detection limit was 0.24 mg/L. The average recoveries of different levels of sulfate were 95.2%~99.1%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 6.84%~8.65%. Conclusion: The method has the advantages of simple and fast pretreatment operation, reduced impurity interference significantly, and is suitable for the detection of batch samples.

Abstract Microfacies and environmental analyses of the Yamama Formation were conducted in the Tithonian–Hautervian sequence in the Ratawi oil field of Basra city in southern Iraq. The study includes petrographic, facies, and depositional models for the study area. Seven main facies and several secondary facies have been deposited in multiple environments. Moreover, they are affected by many diagenesis processes. Those facies have noncore depths that can be monitored by matching them with their corresponding well logs to obtain their electrofacies. The facies are distinguished according to the grain or mud supported or on the appearance of the configuration facies through microscopy. After comparing them with the well logs, electrofacies are identified as the following main limestone facies (mudstone, mudstone–wackestone, wackestone, wackestone–packstone, packstone, packstone–grainstone, and grainstone facies). The formation environments in this field are divided into several environments depending on the facies and electrofacies characteristics of the formation, including a lagoon environment, open marine environment, shoal environment, and slope environment.

This work aimed to compare the performance of trans-ferulic acid-encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for transport by Caco-2 cells. The NLC particles (diameter: 102.6 nm) composed of Compritol® 888 ATO, ethyl oleate, Cremophor® EL, and Transcutol® P were larger than the SLNs (diameter: 86.0 nm) formed without liquid lipid (ethyl oleate), and the former had a higher encapsulation efficiency for trans-ferulic acid (p < 0.05). In vitro cultured Caco-2 cell transport was used to simulate intestinal absorption, and the cellular uptake of NLCs was higher than that of SLNs (p < 0.05). Compared to SLNs, NLCs greatly enhanced trans-ferulic acid permeation through the MillicellTM membrane (p < 0.05). This work confirms that NLCs have better properties than SLNs in terms of increasing drug transport by Caco-2 cells. This helps to comprehend the approach by which NLC-mediated oral bioavailability of trans-ferulic acid is better than that mediated by SLNs, as shown in our previous report.

C24H16N2S, monoclinic, P21 /n (no. 14), a = 18.443(2) Å, b = 4.0161(6) Å, c = 23.396(4) Å, β = 99.246(6)°, V = 1710.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0589, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1173, T = 273.15 K.

C12H8Br2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 4.1957(13) Å, b = 13.402(4) Å, c = 11.160(3) Å, β = 99.645(10)°, V = 618.7(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0287, wRref(F2) = 0.0701, T = 273(2) K.

C12H16Br2O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.594(5) Å, b = 4.4613(16) Å, c = 12.878(4) Å, β = 91.209(12)∘, V = 723.4(4) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0450, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1103, T = 293 (2) K.

Objective: This study aimed to realize the fast and accurate sorting of citrus color. Methods: An online color detection and grading system of citrus based on machine vision was designed in this study. The system is composed of feeding unit, chain conveying mechanism, image acquisition system and fruit dividing unit. The industrial camera which was combined with the rolling mechanism was used to uniformly capture 50~60 frames of images for obtaining the complete surface information of citrus. The non-destructive testing software preprocessed each frame of images acquired in real time to obtain the two-dimensional coloring ratio, which is dynamically tracked and stored. The arithmetic mean value of two-dimensional coloring ratio was taken to reduce the influence of the repeated areas on the coloring rate calculation of citrus surface, and finally the calculated coloring rate was discriminated and graded. Results: The experimental results showed that when the transmission speed was 6 s-1, the maximum error of citrus coloring proportion calculated by the system was 5%, and the sorting accuracy rate was 90.54%. Conclusion: The system can meet the needs of fast and accurate sorting of citrus color.

Objective: In order to solve the problem that temperature change during drying can detect the moisture content of Camellia oleifera seeds by visible/near infrared spectroscopy, a temperature modified Camellia oleifera seed moisture content detection model was proposed. Methods: Drying experiments were carried out at different temperatures （50，60，70 ℃） to collect spectral data. By acquiring the spectral data collected at different temperatures, the reasons why the temperature affected the spectrum were analyzed. Then, by comparing the three spectral preprocessing methods, using the Competitive Adaptive Reweighting （CARS） and Partial Least Squares Regression （PLSR） were used to establish the benchmark PLSR model at 60 ℃. Finally, the slope/bias method was used to correct the predicted values of external samples at 50 ℃ and 70 ℃, which greatly improved the precision and accuracy. Results: The coefficients of determination before and after correction at the two temperatures were 0.729 and 0.848, 0.763 and 0.862, respectively. The relative analytical error RPD values were 1.921 and 2.565, 2.054 and 2.692, respectively. Conclusion: The modified model could effectively improve the prediction accuracy, achieve good prediction effect, overcome the influence of temperature, and provide a new method to eliminate the influence of temperature when detecting the oil Camellia oleifera seed moisture content by visible/near infrared spectroscopy in the drying field.

Different unit loads affect the flow heat transfer characteristics and flue gas diffusion of a “three-in-one” indirect air-cooling system. A numerical study is carried out on the tower of a 1 000 MW unit. The results show that as the load increases， the extraction effect and ventilation capacity of the tower at 100% load are 1.47 and 1.3 times higher than those at 50% load， respectively. Moreover， the cooling capacity of the tower is larger at higher loads. Load increase can reduce the concentration of SO2 on the inner wall of the air-cooling tower and raise the lift height of flue gas. At 100% load， the SO2 concentration is reduced by 4.55 mg/m3， and the maximum flue gas diffusion height is raised by up to 16.72 m compared to 50% load.

There are problems such as building occlusion and electromagnetic interference in substations, which lead to a rapid decline in the accuracy of traditional personnel control methods based on electromagnetic wave positioning. In order to avoid the reduction of power safety management and control efficiency due to the degradation of single sensor positioning accuracy, it is very important to study the position estimation technology of patrol personnel based on multi-source information fusion. However, most of the existing fusion localization algorithms are difficult to robustly select sensor fusion strategies under the condition of unknown map information. A fusion positioning method based on satellite and near-ultrasonic signal feature analysis is proposed in this paper, which only relies on signal statistical features to realize environmental information discrimination and adaptively select fusion strategies. Firstly, the fingerprint database is constructed by using the multi-sensor signal feature statistical model, and the fingerprint library data is processed based on the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) dimensionality reduction algorithm and the density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm fingerprint library data. Secondly, a back propagation (BP) neural network is built based on the clustering results, and the signal environment features are mapped to the parameters of the Kalman filter. Finally, the neural network output is used to optimize the Kalman filter-based multi-source positioning switching model to form an adaptive fusion positioning algorithm. Experiments are carried out using data collected in a real substation semi-occluded environment. The results show that, compared with the fusion positioning method of unknown environmental information and known environmental information, the proposed method saves map marking information when the map information is unknown and realizes highly robust location estimation.

The quality and safety of children’s textiles, especially chemical safety, is very important. The harm to children caused by using unsafe products is immeasurable. At present, the chemical safety research of textiles usually focuses on the specific target substances specified in the regulations. The detection methods are mainly to detect the content of target substances in the sample to determine whether it meets the regulatory requirements. In fact, although the known chemicals in the product meet the regulatory requirements, other unknown chemicals may exist potential hazards to children’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to screen potential chemicals in children’s textiles by non-targeted method in order to more comprehensively screen the chemical risks in product. Non-targeted analysis of potential chemical substances in imported children’s textiles using gas chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap MS) was established. Unknown substances were qualitatively assessed by using the comprehensive score and retention index, identifying the molecular formula by chemical ionization, comparing fragment ion data to distinguish isomers, and verifying according to chemical standards. A total of 48 substances were identified in 40 children’s textiles, including 21 esters, 8 ketones, 6 amines, 4 ethers, 3 alcohols, 3 phenols and 3 other substances. The identified substances were statistically and semi-quantitatively analyzed. Dibutyl phthalate, tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate, isopropyl palmitate and 1,2,4-butanetriol were identified in the imported children’s textiles, and their detection rates were greater than or equal to 10%. The identified substances were further filtered and screened according to detection rates, toxicities and response intensities. Then the high-risk chemicals in the children’s textiles were found. This method can provide a new way for screening potential chemicals in textiles and other products, and play a positive role in carrying out product chemical risk monitoring and promoting product quality and safety.

We investigated the effect of starch modification on the mechanical properties of phenolic epoxy resin (EP). Corn starch admixture of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% were added into the EP. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus of different corn starch contents were compared. The containing of corn starch showed a positive effect on the toughness of the epoxy but showed little effect on strength when the additive content was less than 10 wt%. The strength and elastic modulus increased first and then decreased with the increase in starch content and reached their maximum values at a content of 2.5 wt%. The enhancement effect might be due to corn starch’s mechanical properties, dispersibility, and interfacial interaction. With the increase in starch content, starch granules quickly contact each other, causing self-aggregation sedimentation and a decrease in strength and elastic modulus. The scanning electron micrographs of the toughened EP specimens showed ductile failure because of the starch particles. The surface morphology of the blend resin specimens was full of staggered and stepped cracks caused by the shearing damage, which is shown by obvious plastic fracture characteristics with plastic deformation ability. The initiation of micro-cracks in the EP matrix was induced by the incorporation of starch particles, which caused localized stepped shear damage in the matrix. More energy would be absorbed during this process, and the toughness of the EP would be enhanced. It is recommended that the best corn starch content should be 2.5 wt% to obtain excellent strength and good toughness.

This paper is concerned with a parabolic-elliptic chemotaxis model with density-suppressed motility and general logistic source in an n-dimensional smooth bounded domain with Neumann boundary conditions. Under the minimal conditions for the density-suppressed motility function, we explore how strong the logistic damping can warrant the global boundedness of solutions and further establish the asymptotic behavior of solutions on top of the conditions.

C20H22Br2N2O4, triclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 5.0060(12) Å, b = 9.135(2) Å, c = 11.650(3) Å, V = 518.6(2) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0474, wRref(F2) = 0.1270, T = 273(2) K, β = 78.492(7).

C8H8N6·C5H9O2, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 13.2666(17) Å, b = 11.0435(15) Å, c = 19.778(3) Å, β = 92.707(10)°, V = 2894.4(7) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0528, wRref(F2) = 0.1511, T = 293(2) K.

For the slopes that have failed or deformed significantly, the shear strength of rock and soil mass is frequently inversely estimated based on a factor of safety assumed. For the slope with a sliding surface passing through multi-layer rock and soil mass, it is unreasonable to achieve this goal by blind trial. To solve this issue, back propagation (BP) neural network is constructed using shear strength of multi-layer rock and soil mass as the input, and the factor of safety of slope, the entrance and exit positions of the sliding surface obtained by Geoslope as the outputs. Then, based on the assumed factor of safety and the entrance and exit positions measured in site, the shear strength is acquired by carrying out the “reverse back analysis–error check–sample correction” procedure repeatedly. The result of a case study verifies that the shear strength obtained by this method is reasonable and can be used as a reference when designing reinforcement measures for small-scale slopes. BP neural network usually considers the known information as the input, and the information to be determined as the output, which will induce a mathematical underdetermined problem when solving this issue. The proposed method avoids this demerit successfully, and has a lower requirement on the number of samples in the library and a higher precision compared to the classical BP neural network.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are highly conserved in eukaryotes, regulating various cellular processes. The MAPK kinases (MKKs) are dual specificity kinases, serving as convergence and divergence points of the tripartite MAPK cascades. Here, we investigate the biochemical characteristics and three-dimensional structure of MKK5 in Arabidopsis (AtMKK5). The recombinant full-length AtMKK5 is phosphorylated and can activate its physiological substrate AtMPK6. There is a conserved kinase interacting motif (KIM) at the N-terminus of AtMKK5, indispensable for specific recognition of AtMPK6. The kinase domain of AtMKK5 adopts active conformation, of which the extended activation segment is stabilized by the phosphorylated Ser221 and Thr215 residues. In line with sequence divergence from other MKKs, the αD and αK helices are missing in AtMKK5, suggesting that the AtMKK5 may adopt distinct modes of upstream kinase/substrate binding. Our data shed lights on the molecular mechanisms of MKK activation and substrate recognition, which may help design specific inhibitors targeting human and plant MKKs.

Objective To compare the CT location distribution of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by aneurysms at different locations, and to explore the value of CT hemorrhage distribution for improving the detection of aneurysms in CTA in diagnosing aneurysm. Methods Cerebral CT and CTA imaging of 415 patients with aneurysmal SAH from Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The differences of SAH location distribution caused by the aneurysms were compared, and the accuracy of aneurysm diagnosis between junior and senior radiologists were evaluated. Results A total of 415 patients had 463 aneurysms, including 324 type-Ⅰ aneurysms and 139 type-Ⅱ aneurysms. There were 415 responsible aneurysms, including 295 type-Ⅰ aneurysms and 120 type-Ⅱ aneurysms. SAH from type-Ⅰ aneurysms was mainly distributed in suprasellar cisterna (95.93%, 283/295), ambient cistern (90.17%, 266/295), longitudinal fissure (86.44%, 255/295), sylvian cistern (81.02%, 239/295), quadrigeminal cistern (61.69%, 182/295) and prepontine cistern (50.85%, 150/295). SAH from type-Ⅱ aneurysms was mainly distributed in sylvian cistern (85.83%, 103/120), longitudinal fissure (80.83%, 97/120), suprasellar cisterna (78.33%, 94/120), ambient cistern (77.50%, 93/120), prepontine cistern (67.50%, 81/120) and quadrigeminal cistern (66.67%, 80/120). The proportion of hemorrhage in suprasellar cisterna [95.93% (283/295) vs. 78.33% (94/120); χ2 = 31.761, P = 0.001] and ambient cistern [90.17% (266/295) vs. 77.50% (93/120); χ2 = 11.730, P = 0.001] was higher in type-Ⅰ aneurysms than that in type-Ⅱ aneurysms, and the proportion of hemorrhage in prepontine cistern was lower in type-Ⅰ aneurysms than that in type-Ⅱ aneurysms [50.85% (150/295) vs. 67.50% (81/120); χ2 = 9.585, P = 0.002]. The overall rate of aneurysms detection and type-Ⅱ aneurysms detection in junior radiologists were lower than those in senior radiologists (paired χ2 test: P = 0.000, 0.000). After the training of SAH distribution, the junior radiologists increased their detection rate of type -Ⅱaneurysms, and showed no significant difference compared with that of senior radiologists (paired χ2 test: P = 0.146). Conclusions The CT distribution of aneurysmal SAH has regularity. It's important to summarize the characteristics of SAH for improving the detection of aneurysms.

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of the horizontal distance of bodies in the high falling scene and the feasibility of inferring the falling mode based on it.MethodsA total of 614 high falling deaths and 15 cases of corpse dumping from high altitudes were collected. The relationship between the horizontal distance and the falling height, as well as the sex, age and manner of death （suicide, accident and corpse dumping） were observed.ResultsThe horizontal distance increased with the increase of falling height, and the difference among the height groups was statistically significant. The horizontal distance decreased with the increase of the age of the deceased, in each height group, the difference between the group over 60 years old and other age groups was statistically significant （P20-30 m group, there was no significant difference in horizontal distance between suicide high falls and accidental high falls in other height groups.ConclusionThe horizontal distance is affected by the falling height, the sex and age of the victim, and the spatial characteristics of the falling starting point.

In order to improve the wear resistance, the WC - CoCr coating prepared by HVOF with a vacuum heat treatment at different temperatures was studied in the aspects of phase structure, microstructure, hardness and friction and wear properties by means of XRD, SEM, micro - Vickers hardness tester and friction tester. Results showed that the phase composition of the coating with a heat treatment at 600 ℃ was consistent with that without heat treatment. However, when the heat treatment temperature was euqal to or higher than 750 ℃, the Co6W6C phase and Co25Cr25W8C2 phase were formed in the coating, and the contents of such phases increased with the rising of heat treatment temperature. While the temperature increased, the porosity of the coating decreased first and then increased, the hardness of the coating increased first and then decreased, and the coating with a heat treatment at 750 ℃ for 1 h obtained the maximum hardness value of 1 535 HV0.5 N. Moreover, the average friction coefficient of the coating first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable. When the heat treatment temperature was equal to or higher than 750 ℃, the average friction coefficient of the coating decreased by about 51.8% compared with that of the untreated coating. Besides, the wear rate of the coating decreased rapidly first and then increased, and the coating with a heat treatment at 750 ℃ obtained the minimum wear rate of about 1.91 μg/m, which decreased by about 93.9% compared with that of the untreated coating.

Objective To develop a simple chromatography purification process of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 58 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) produced by insect cells baculovirus expression vector system (IBEVS). Methods A previously constructed mutant of HPV-58 L1 with a high expression level in insect baculovirus system were used to prepare the cell lysates.The L1 containing sample was used for the establishment of optimal protein purification process which consisting of an initial process of ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP) and two polishing chromatography purifications. Purified L1 protein was dialyzed for VLP reassembly and the resultant VLPs were characterized physicochemically and their immunogenicity was then analyzed in mice. Results L1 protein was purified by 30% ASP with good purity (9.34%) and recovery (72%). When bound to anion exchange resin and eluted by 300 mmol/L NaCl-contained buffer, the L1 protein was further purified with ＞90% of recovery and 13.6% of purity. The resultant L1 protein mainly flowed through the ceramic hydroxyapatite column with a recovery of ＞80% and purity was over 99.1% by HCP analysis. With the three-step purification, the total recovery of L1 was about 55.7% and the yield was 57-65 mg/L. Purified L1 proteins self-assembled into homogenous VLPs with an average diameter of 55 nm as proved by TEM and DLS, and these VLPs induced high titer of neutralizing antibodies, comparable to that of VLPs purified by ultracentrifugation. Conclusions The chromatography process for producing HPV-58 L1 VLPs showed good purity, yield, and immunogenicity and is believed to be a time-saving, easy-performing, fully scalable, and low-cost method. It may be used to produce low-cost and multivalent HPV VLP vaccine by IBEVS.

Passively mode-locked lasers have been widely investigated as one of the effective methods to obtain ultrashort pulses. As an important part of passively mode-locked fiber lasers, the exploration of 2D material-based saturable absorber has become one of the hotspots in ultrafast photonics in recent years. Germanene, a novel 2D Dirac material, with ultrafast optical response and broadband optical absorption, is a promising alternative material for saturable absorber in mode-locked fiber lasers. In this paper, germanium nanosheets are prepared via liquid-phase exfoliated method, with the saturable absorption property systematically characterized in three major wavebands of the near-infrared region. The generation of ultrashort pulses based on germanene saturable absorber in fiber lasers is further realized, in a broad waveband (1000 nm) centered at 1061.1, 1559.3 and 1883.5 nm, respectively. In addition, noise-like pulses operation with central wavelength of 1558.6 nm is also obtained, and the formation of rogue waves is further demonstrated via statistical analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental verification of the broadband saturable absorption property of germanene-based devices, covering three major fiber laser wavelengths from 1.0 to 2.0 μm.

Attribute reduction is one of the most important research topics in the theory of three-way decision.However, the existing attribute reduction methods based on three-way decision are too strict, which limit the efficiency of attribute reduction.In this paper, a three-way approximate attribute reduction method based on the positive region is proposed.More specifically, attri-bute reduction is considered as the process of determining attributes as positive, boundary, or negative ones according to their correlation to the decision attribute.The negative attributes are first removed by retaining the measure of the positive region.Then, some of the boundary attributes are iteratively excluded by relaxing the positive region measure.Finally, an approximate reduction is formed by the remaining attributes.Extensive experiments on UCI data sets demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve much smaller reducts with the same or even better performance in comparison with other representative methods, showing the effectiveness in attribute reduction.

It is the basic characteristic of pure vortex light that there is a phase singularity at the origin. Such a singularity may be multiple degenerate, which determines the order of vortex light. Singularities splitting phenomenon means that singularities no longer concentrate at the origin but distribute around the space, usually occurring in impure vortex light. In this paper, we demonstrate the singularities splitting phenomenon and propose an analysis method, based on which one may rapidly estimate the modal components of impure vortex light. As two common singularity discrimination methods, the spiral and fork wire interference patterns are compared in distinguishing splitting singularities. The most widely used spiral interference pattern is revealed to be the worst form because of the low resolution. Instead, the fork wire interference pattern is with higher and easily adjusted resolution. 1‰ impurity is still able to be distinguished through fork wire interference patterns in the experiment.

Optical holography capable of the complete recording and reconstruction of light’s wavefront, plays significant roles on interferometry, microscopy, imaging, data storage, and three-dimensional displaying. Conventional holography treats light as scalar field with only phase and intensity dimensions, leaving the polarization information entirely neglected. Benefiting from the multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs) for optical field manipulation provided by the metasurface, vectorial holography with further versatile control in both polarization states and spatial distributions, greatly extended the scope of holography. As full vectorial nature of light field has been considered, the information carried out by light has dramatically increased, promising for novel photonic applications with high performance and multifarious functionalities. This review will focus on recent advances on vectorial holography empowered by multiple DOFs metasurfaces. Interleaved multi-atom approach is first introduced to construct vectorial holograms with spatially discrete polarization distributions, followed by the versatile vectorial holograms with continuous polarizations that are designed usually by modified iterative algorithms. We next discuss advances with further spectral response, leading to vivid full-color vectorial holography; and the combination between the far-field vectorial wavefront shaping enabled by vectorial holography and the near-field nano-printing functionalities by further exploiting local polarization and structure color responses of the meta-atom. The development of vectorial holography provides new avenues for compact multi-functional photonic devices, potentially useful in optical encryption, anticounterfeiting, and data storage applications.

Abstract Background Short-term starvation (STS) has gradually been confirmed as a treatment method that synergistically enhances the effect of chemotherapy on malignant tumours. In clinical applications, there are still some limitations of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), including understanding their effectiveness and side effects. Here, we sought to investigate the effect and mechanism of the combined use of STS and niraparib in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods In in vitro experiments, SKOV3 and A2780 ovarian cancer cells were treated with STS and niraparib alone or in combination. Cell viability was assessed with CCK-8, and cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and autophagy were examined to explore the molecular mechanisms. Akt and mTOR inhibitors were used to examine any changes in DNA damage repair levels. Xenograft animal models were treated with STS and niraparib, and HE staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the effects. Results The combined use of STS and niraparib inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis more than niraparib application alone. In addition, compared with the niraparib group, the STS + niraparib group had increased G2/M arrest, DNA damage and autophagy, which indicated that STS pretreatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib. In animal experiments, STS did not affect the growth of transplanted tumours, but the combined treatment synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib. In in vivo experiments, STS did not affect the growth of transplanted tumours, but the combined treatment synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib and reduced the small intestinal side effects caused by niraparib chemotherapy. Conclusion STS pretreatment can synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of niraparib. STS + niraparib is a potentially effective strategy in the maintenance therapy of ovarian cancer.

A method of ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with modified QuEChERS purification technology was developed for the simultaneous determination of 25 veterinary medicine residues including four classes (sulfonamides, quinolones, chloramphenicols and amantidines) in chicken and egg. The samples were hydrolyzed by dilute hydrochloric acid, extracted by acetonitrile. Sodium chloride was added into the extracting solution to salt out. The acetonitrile was took out and degreased by n-hexanecyclohexane solution (1∶1,V/V) after stratification of acetonitrile and aqueous phase and concentrated to dry. The residues were dissolved with 0.2% formic acid ethyl acetate to remove the sodium chloride by filtrating and the filtrate was concentrated to dry again, then the sample was purified with a mixture of 30 mg of C18 and 60 mg PSA after adding 0.2% formic acid methanol. The target compounds were separated by ZORBAX C18 chromatography column (50 mm×2.1 mm×1.8 μm), the mass spectrometer data were acquired under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of positive and negative modes at the same time, and the residues were quantitated by isotope internal standard method. The results showed that the linear of 25 veterinary medicines is good in the range of 0.2~250 μg/L. The linear correlation coefficients are more than 0.99, and the detection limits are in the range of 0.1~0.9 μg/kg. The limits of quantification are 0.3~3.0 μg/kg. The average recoveries at three spiked levels (about 1, 5 and 20 folds of quantitative limits) are 79.5%~119% with the relative standard deviations of 0.9%~9.2%. The method is rapid,simple, accurate, sensitive and cheap, which is suitable for simultaneous determination of multiple vererinary medicine residues in eggs and chicken.

BACKGROUND Chemical weathering of carbonates (i.e.karstification) involves considerable uptake of atmospheric CO2 which is converted to dissolve inorganic carbon (DIC), thereby acting as one of the important terrestrial carbon sinks. This karst-related carbon sink could contribute greatly to the global carbon budget and have the potential to be an increasing carbon sink on land. However, its stability has long been debated because CO2 sequestered by the dissolution of carbonate could return to the atmosphere through CO2 outgassing from groundwater-feeding surface waters, which can cause uncertainties for the estimation of the karst-related carbon sink. OBJECTIVES In order to better understand the processes responsible for CO2 outgassing and the flux and influencing factors of CO2 outgassing, and provide more insights into the stability of the karst-related carbon sink. METHODS Hydrochemical and isotopic techniques were used to monitor the change of water chemistry and carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic δ13CDIC along the flow path. Based on the downstream variations of hydrochemical indicators and δ13CDIC, the flux and influencing factors of CO2 outgassing along the stream were analyzed. RESULTS From the spring (C1) to site C14, the stream channel (270m-long) had a steep gradient of~10°, and pH, calcite saturation index and δ13CDIC of stream water increased by 0.9, 0.9 and 1.8‰, respectively, whereas CO2 partial pressure, electrical conductivity, Ca2+ and DIC concentrations decreased by 85%, 34μS/cm, 0.2mmol/L and 0.7mmol/L, respectively. These observations indicated the occurrence of significant CO2 degassing and calcium carbonate precipitation in the channel. In contrast, less downstream variations in water chemistry and δ13CDIC of stream water occurred along C18-C26 segment (about 2.1km long, slope gradient < 1°) in the plain area, suggesting weak CO2 outgassing and very limited calcite precipitation. Furthermore, the hydrochemical and isotopic compositions of stream water were likely to be affected by tributary mixing and dilution in the downstream area, and consequently the pH value of the stream and calcite saturation index decreased to some degrees, which inhibited the occurrence of CO2 degassing. CONCLUSIONS The downstream variation in hydrochemical and isotopic compositions suggest that the stream CO2 degassing is chiefly affected by topographically controlled hydrological conditions. At Changliushui, the CO2 degassing in streams partly counteracts the atmospheric CO2 sequestered by carbonate weathering, but causes 29% of the total amount of CO2 sequestered in DIC of the feeding spring water to be released back to the atmosphere. For streams/rivers from low-relief areas fed by karst springs/underground rivers that have a large discharge rate, the CO2 degassing should have limited impact on the stability of karst-related carbon sinks. In addition, the possibly enhanced "carbon pump" effects of aquatic phototrophs would make the karst-related carbon sink more stable.

Columnar jointed rock mass with unique joint network structure is a special type of jointed rock mass, which is a binary structure composed of high strength ‘basalt block’ and specific ‘dominant joint’. Relaxation, opening and slippage of columnar jointed surfaces and disintegration of columns occur easily during excavation under high ground stress, which eventually lead to disastrous collapses in columnar jointed rock mass. The construction safety of underground engineering under high stress is severed restricted by it. By combining acoustic wave, borehole camera and other integrated in-situ testing technology and numerical simulation, the mechanism of stress-structural collapse in columnar jointed rock mass under high stress is studied based on multiple columnar jointed rock mass collapses at left bank tailwater connection pipe of Baihetan hydropower station. The proposed controlling measures of excavation and support are also provided. The key of columnar joined rock mass collapse is the redistribution of stress in surrounding rock mass after the excavation and the strong unloading relaxation of columnar joined basalt, which causes the opening of its internal joint surfaces and structural deterioration, result in the disintegration of basalt columns. Thus, the chain catastrophic process of continuous unloading relaxation and progressive collapse of columnar jointed rock mass is induced. The research can provide reference for the prediction and control of deformation and failure of jointed rock masses in underground engineering under high geo-stress.