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The imperial yellow‐glazed porcelain of the Ming Dynasty originated in the early15th century AD. Its high status and fine material quality make its beginnings, glaze characteristics and technological development worthy of further study. In this research, EDXRF, optical microscope and spectrophotometer were used to investigate both yellow‐glazed tiles and imperial porcelains of the early Ming Dynasty. It was found that the imperial yellow glaze is essentially similar to that used on glazed tile, both of which are high‐lead, low‐temperature compositions. However, there is a clear high‐temperature glaze between the coloured glaze and the body paste of imperial yellow‐glazed porcelain, which makes the glaze brighter and provides a warm jade‐like texture. In addition, the slightly bluish tones of the clear glaze and body paste of imperial yellow‐glazed porcelain correct the colour of the iron‐based, low‐temperature lead glaze, which has a reddish component. Therefore, compared with the early Ming Dynasty glazed tiles, imperial yellow‐glazed porcelain achieves a higher glaze brightness and a purer yellow hue. In summary, imperial yellow‐glazed porcelain can be seen as a combination of lead‐glazed tile and Jingdezhen porcelain technology in the early Ming Dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of angulated distal suture trabeculectomy on primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) . Methods We selected 105 eyes of 85 inpatients suffering from PACG in our department from Sept. 2011 to Dec. 2013 as research object. The enrolled patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Patients in observation group were treated with angulated distal suture trabeculectomy while patients in control group were treated with Traditional trabeculectomy. Then we observed and followed up shallow anterior chamber, functional filtering bleb, success rate of operation and the incidence of complication in the two groups. Results In the formation of functional filtering bleb and success rate of operation between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference 3 months after operation (P> 0.05), while there were statistically significant differences 6 months and 1 year after operation (P < 0.05). In early-stage complications such as ocular hypotony, shallow anterior chamber in the corresponding period between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05) . There were no suprachorodal hemorrhage and malignant glaucoma in the two groups. Conclusion Angulated distal suture trabeculectomy is more helpful for long-dated functional filtering bleb formation and better in controlling intraocular pressure in PACG, it is a more ideal operation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope, negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model., Methods: In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20 pigs and in vivo experiments in 20 living pigs were conducted., Results: In in vitro experiments, a negative pressure of > 0.06 MPa was necessary for optimal visualization of the intestine, and this pressure did not cause gross or histological damage to the mucosa. For satisfactory examination of the small intestine in vivo , higher negative pressure (> 1.00 MPa) was required. Despite this higher pressure, the small intestine did not show any gross or microscopic damage in the suctioned areas. The average time of examination in the living animals was 60 ± 7.67 min. The animals did not experience any apparent ill effects from the procedure., Conclusion: Small intestine endoscope was safely performed within a reasonable time period and enabled complete visualization of the intestine in most cases., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: To the best of our knowledge, no conflict of interest exists.