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This study employed knowledge graph technology to analyze the research status and hot spots of Realgar and provide guidance for clinical application and further research of this drug. The research articles both in English and Chinese involving Realgar were retrieved from five databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and Web of Science. And NoteExpress, a literature management software was used to screen literature. CiteSpace was utilized for visualized analysis and presentations of the authors, institutions, and keywords. 2 879 articles in Chinese and 194 articles in English were included. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and Journal of Ethnopharmacology were the top Chinese and English journals in terms of publication volume. Realgar is widely used in the treatment of skin diseases, blood diseases, and cancer. JIANG Hong was the author who have published more articles in Chinese and English working with teams. School of Public Health of China Medical University and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences published the most articles in Chinese and English. The research on Realgar mainly focuses on clinical application, mechanism of action, reduction of toxicity, and enhancement of efficacy. The authors and institutions of Realgar research are mainly concentrated in China. The study on the mechanism of treating hematological diseases and cancer with Realgar, as well as the research on its effects of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy, are the current research hotspots. The mechanism of "same treatment for different diseases" in Realgar needs to be further explored. It is urgent to carry out interdisciplinary research on Realgar. This study can provide a refe-rence for the clinical application of Realgar and provide ideas for further research on Realgar.

Objective: To understand the biological characteristics of polycythemia vera (PV) patients with myeloid fibroplasia, and further analyze the risk factors affecting myeloid fibroplasia in PV patients, so as to provide ideas for predicting the occurrence of myeloid fibroplasia in PV patients., Methods: Forty patients with PV in the Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were collected and divided into two groups, with (hyperplasia group) and without (Non-proliferative group) hyperplasia of bone marrow fibers. The differences of basic clinical characteristics, blood routine, biochemistry, bone marrow cells, coagulation function and other indicators between the two groups were compared, and the independent risk factors affecting the proliferation of bone marrow fibrous tissue in PV patients were further analyzed by multivariate regression., Results: Compared with Non-proliferative group, the JAK2 mutation rate (95% vs 70%， P =0.037), eosinophilic cell count (0.19 vs 0.11, P =0.047) and eosinophilic percentage (1.84 vs 1.27, P =0.001) in PV patients with hyperplasia were significantly increased, triglycerides (1.55 vs 1.91, P =0.038) and low-density lipoprotein (1.50 vs 3.08, P =0.000) were significantly reduced, bone marrow hematopoietic volume (0.85 vs 0.6, P =0.001), granulocyte/erythrocyte ratio (3.40 vs 1.89, P =0.033), lymphocyte/erythrocyte ratio (0.60 vs 0.42, P =0.033), and granulocyte+lymphocyte/erythrocyte ratio (3.72 vs 2.37, P =0.026) were significantly increased, thrombin time (18.84 vs 18.12, P =0.043) was significantly prolonged. Multivariate regression analysis results showed that peripheral blood eosinophil ≥2% and low-density lipoprotein ≤2 mmol/L were independent risk factors for bone marrow fibrous tissue hyperplasia in PV patients ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Increased proportion of peripheral blood eosinophils and decreased low density lipoprotein are risk factors for bone marrow fibrous tissue hyperplasia in PV patients.

Objective: To analysis the specific protein markers of essential thrombocythemia (ET) based on proteomics technology, to explore and verify the differential protein related to platelet activation., Methods: Blood samples were obtained from ET patients and healthy people and a certain protein mass spectrometry was detected using label-free quantitative technology. The proteins relative abundance increased or down-regulated by 1.3 times in the disease group compared with the control group, and the protein abundance in the two groups t test P＜0.05 were defined as differential proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of the differential proteins was performed using GO and KEGG. The difference in the average protein abundance between the two groups was analyzed by t test and P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant. Differential proteins were selected for verification by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology., Results: A total of 140 differential proteins were found, of which 72 were up-regulated and 68 were down-regulated. KEGG enrichment showed that the differential protein expression was related to the platelet activation pathway. The differential proteins related to platelet activation were GPV, COL1A2, GP1bα, COL1A1 and GPVI. Among them, the expressions of GPV, GP1bα and GPVI were up-regulated, and the expressions of COL1A2 and COL1A1 were down-regulated. PRM verification of COL1A1, GP1bα, GPVI and GPV was consistent with LFP proteomics testing., Conclusion: Differential proteins in ET patients are related to platelet activation pathway activation.Differential proteins such as GPV, GPVI, COL1A1 and GP1bα can be used as new targets related to ET platelet activation.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of microRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) and its correlation with the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells., Methods: Thirty patients with ITP (ITP group) and 15 healthy people (control group) were enrolled．Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of six miRNAs (miR-107,miR-205-5p,miR-138-5p,miR-326,miR-1827,miR-185-5p) and Th1-specific transcription factor T-bet mRNA and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 mRNA in the peripheral blood of the two groups. Th1 and Th2 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of Th1-cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ and Th2-cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were detected by AimPlex multiple immunoassays for Flow. The expression difference of miRNAs, mRNA, Th1, Th2 cells and cytokines of the two groups were compared, and the correlations of miRNAs to mRNA, Th1, Th2 cells and cytokines were analyzed in ITP group., Results: The expressions of miRNAs（miR-107, miR-205-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-326, miR-1827, miR-185-5p）and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 mRNA of the patients in ITP group were significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared with those in control, while the expressions of Th1 cells and Th1-specific transcription factor T-bet mRNA and Th1-cytokines TNF-α were significantly increased (P<0.05), also for the ratios of T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA and Th1/Th2 cells were significantly increased (P<0.05). The relative expressions of miR-107, miR-205-5p, miR-138-5p in ITP patients were negatively correlated with Th2 cells (r=-0.411, r=-0.593, r=-0.403,P<0.05) and the relative expression of miR-1827 was negatively correlated with TNF-α (r=-0.390)., Conclusion: The relative expressions of the six miRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with ITP are significantly decreased, which result in the increasing ratio of T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA, then lead to the imbalance of Th1/Th2.

Objective: To investigate the damaging of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by antiplatelet integrin β3 antibodies in vitro., Methods: The serum from 36 chronic ITP patients were collected, flow cytometry and monoclonal antibody specific immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) assay were used to collect antiplatelet integrin β3 antibodies from the serum of the patients. After HUVEC were treated by ITP patient serum (PS) containing anti-integrin β3 antibodies, the cell damage was detected by Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of apoptosis-related gene Bax was detected by Reverse transcription-Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), and expression of Apoptosis-related signaling pathway protein Akt and related protein Bax were detected by Western blot. HUVEC were treated by PS combined with Akt activator SC79, the cells damage were detected by LDH assay, apoptosis of the cells were detected by flow cytometry, the expression of apoptosis-related gene Bax was detected by RT-qPCR., Results: Among 36 cases of serum from the chronic ITP patients, 5 patients' serum containing anti-integrin β3 antibodies were collected. After HUVEC was treated by PS, the viability of LDH was significant increased（P<0.05）, so as for the apoptosis of the cells（P<0.05）, the expression of gene and protein of Bax was increased up-regulated（P<0.05）, the protein expression of pAkt was down-regulated（P<0.05）. Comparing with HUVEC cultured with PS alone, the viability of LDH of HUVEC treated by PS combined with SC79 was significantly reduced（P<0.05）, so as for the apoptosis of the cells（P<0.05）, and gene expression of Bax was significantly decreased（P<0.05）., Conclusion: Anti-integrin β3 serum can cause the damage and apoptosis of HUVEC through Akt signaling pathway，the apoptotic effects of anti-integrin β3 antibodies to HUVEC was effectively reversed by SC79.

Abstract　　Single cell sequencing technology is different from traditional sequencing method, which is based on population cell average level. It has been widely used in many fields and made great progress in the application of malignant hematological diseases. In this review, the principle, methodology and application of single cell sequencing technology in malignant hematological diseases are summarized briefly, including the study of the pathogenesis in myelodysplastic syndrome, the mechanism of transformation into leukemia, accurate diagnosis and classification, differential diagnosis, evaluation of targeted drug therapeutic efficacy and exploration of biomarkers; specific diagnostic indicators for myeloproliferative diseases, progression of disease monitoring and epidemiological studies; moreover, the pathogenesis and drug resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which can provide reference for the diagnosis and research of malignant hematological diseases.

Objective: To investigate the role of regulatory B cells (Breg) in pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) and its clinical significance., Methods: A total of 40 ITP patients and 20 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The content of Breg, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression level of IL-10,TGF-β, CD40 and CD40L was detected by AimPlex Flow High Throughput Screening Technology., Results: The of Breg cells in ITP patients was significantly lower than that in normal controls (P<0.05)，the expression levels of IL-10,TGF-β and CD40L in ITP patients were also significantly lower than those in normal controls (P<0.05). The contents of Th1 cells in ITP patients were significantly higher than that in normal controls (P<0.05), whereas the contents of Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in ITP patients were significantly lower than those in normal controls (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The Breg cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ITP.

Objective: To analyze the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the patients of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)., Methods: Thirty-five patients with ITP were enrolled in ITP group, while 28 healthy persons were included in control group. The expressions of IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, CD40, CD40L, TGF-β and IL-10 were detected by flow cytometry with aimPlex multiple immunoassay Flow., Results: The expressions of pro-inflammatory factors IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-α in ITP group all were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), however the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, CD40L, TGF-β and IL-10 in ITP group all were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of CD40 was not significantly different between ITP group and control group (P>0.05). Expressions of TNF-α significantly related with platelet counts in both ITP group and control group (ITP group, r=0.64, P<0.05; control group, r=-0.41, P<0.05). However the expression of CD40, TGF-β, CD40L, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-10, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-4 significantly did not relate with platelet counts in both ITP and control group., Conclusions: The secretory imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines exists in the patients of ITP. The decrease of Plt regulated may be regulated by the abnormal expression of TNF-α.