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In view of problem that conventional DC speed-regulation system has poor speed-regulation performance because of fixed parameters of PID controller, a design method of double closed loops DC PWM speed-regulation system based on single neuron PID was proposed. The conventional PI speed regulator was replaced by single neuron PID controller, and its algorithm program was written by S-function in Matlab software. The Matlab simulation results show that double closed loops DC PWM speed-regulation system based on single neuron PID has fast response and strong anti-interference ability, and its speed-regulation performance has been improved.

In view of contradiction between rapidity and stationarity existed in dynamic regulation process of conventional PID control, a design method of control system of static var compensator based on biological intelligent control was proposed. The biological intelligent controller is basis on the modulation principle of testosterone release, its master control unit and the secondary control unit were designed with proportional control and conventional PID control, and the master control unit dynamically adjusts set input of the secondary control according to the control error, so as to eliminate control error rapidly and stably. The simulation results showed that the SVC control system based on biological intelligent control has advantages of faster response speed, smaller overshoot, and better static and dynamic performance.

Abstract Background Epicutaneous sensitization with protein allergen that induces predominant Th2 responses is an important sensitization route in atopic dermatitis. Fungal components have been shown to modulate Th cell differentiation. However, the effects of fungal components on epicutaneous sensitization are unclear. Results In this study, we showed that co-administration of curdlan, a dectin-1 agonist, during epicutaneous ovalbumin sensitization of BALB/c mice decreased the IL-5 and IL-13 levels in supernatants of lymph node cell ovalbumin reactivation cultures. Mechanistically, curdlan co-administration decreased IL-4 and IL-1β expressions in draining lymph nodes. Curdlan co-administration also lower the migration of langerin+ CD103- epidermal Langerhans cells into draining lymph nodes at 96 hours post-sensitization which might be attributed to decreased expressions of IL-18 and IL-1β in patched skin. Moreover, adoptive transfer of CFSE-labeled transgenic CD4 T cells confirmed that curdlan co-administration decreased the proliferation and IL-4-production of ovalbumin -specific T cells primed by epidermal Langerhans cells. Conclusions These results indicated that concurrent exposure to a dectin-1 agonist suppresses the epicutaneously induced Th2 response by modulating the cytokine expression profiles in draining LNs and the migration of epidermal Langerhans cells. These results highlight the effects of fungal components on epicutaneous allergen sensitization in atopic diseases.

Abstract Exposure to protein allergen epicutaneously, inducing a Th2-dominant immune response, sensitizes the host to the development of atopic disease. Antigen-driven bystander effect demonstrates that polarized T cells could instruct naïve T cells to differentiate into T cells with similar phenotype. In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution of antigen-driven bystander effect on epicutaneous sensitization with a newly introduced protein allergen. BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with BSA emulsified in alum, known to induce a Th2 response, three weeks before given BSA and OVA epicutaneously. Lymph node cells from these mice restimulated with OVA secreted higher levels IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 as compared with cells from mice without BSA immunization. In addition, BALB/c mice immunized subcutaneously with BSA emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, known to induce a Th1-predominant response, also induced higher Th1 as well as Th2 cytokine response when restimulated with OVA as compared with mice without immunization. We demonstrated that subcutaneous immunization with BSA in CFA induced Th2 as well as Th1 response. The threshold of epicutaneous sensitization to OVA was also reduced, possibly due to increased expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in the draining lymph nodes during the early phase of sensitization. In conclusion, antigen-driven bystander effect, whether it is of Th1- or Th2-predominant nature, can accelerate epicutaneous sensitization by a newly introduced protein allergen. These results provide a possible explanation for mono- to poly-sensitization spread commonly observed in atopic children.

A Co-doped porous carbon was successfully fabricated by a facile carbonizing procedure using coal hydrogasification semi-coke (SC) as the carbon and cobalt nitrate as the magnetic precursors, respectively. The mass ratio of the precursors was changed to regulate the microwave absorption (MA) capabilities. The favorable MA capabilities are a result of a synergistic interaction be-tween the dielectric loss from the carbon framework, the magnetic loss from nano-sized Co particles, and multiple scattering from the residual pores. At a thickness of 4.0 mm, the Co/C composite showed the lowest reflection loss of −33.45 dB when the initial mass ratio of cobalt nitrate and SC was 1:1. The effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) could achieve 3.5 GHz at 2 mm thickness. This work not only opens up a new avenue for the facile fabrication of dielectric and magnetic loss combinations and their structural design, but it also creates a new route for the high value-added exploitation of SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Feeding pigs to convert human non-edible plant coproducts into pork for human nutrition is important for sustainable food production systems. From canola seed, oil is used for cooking or biofuel production, and canola expeller is one of the high-fiber coproducts. Feed enzymes to degrade fiber may enhance nutrient utilization of diets containing high-fiber ingredients in pigs. Pigs were surgically prepared so that, in addition to feces, also digesta could be collected from the end of the small intestine to study the effect of a feed additive containing multiple enzymes on nutrient digestibility. Feeding the multi-enzyme blend increased the nutrient digestibility of the control diet containing wheat and barley as cereal grain, but not the nutrient digestibility of the canola expeller. Thus, research is needed to identify enzyme combinations or feed processing measures that increase the nutrient digestibility of canola expeller. Canola expeller (CE) contains ~200 g/kg residual oil, but also fiber that impairs nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. To study if feed enzymes increase digestibility, six diets containing either the basal or two CE samples mixed in at 250 g/kg (CE-A or CE-B) were formulated with or without a multi-enzyme blend containing cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, amylase, protease, invertase, and pectinase. The basal diet containing 620 g/kg wheat and 150 g/kg barley served as control. Twelve ileal-cannulated barrows (9–15 kg) were fed the six diets in a replicated 6 (pigs) × 3 (periods) Youden square. Ileal digestibility of gross energy and amino acids was 5% greater for basal than CE diets without differences between CE samples. Diet energy values were 4% greater for CE than basal diets due to residual oil in CE. Inclusion of the multi-enzyme blend increased total tract digestibility of energy of the basal but not CE diets by 2%. Net energy value was greater for CE-A than CE-B because CE-A contained more residual oil. In conclusion, feeding 250 g/kg CE increased diet energy values; thus, CE can substitute added fat in weaned pig diets. Feeding the multi-enzyme blend increased the energy digestibility of wheat and barley-based diets fed to weaned pigs. However, research is needed to identify enzyme combinations that increase the nutrient digestibility of CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To identify the clinical characteristics of patients with fever caused by acute attack of gout. Methods The clinical data of patients with fever caused by acute attacks of gout admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were analyzed and compared with that of non-fever gout patients during the same period. Results Among a total of 366 gout patients, 50 patients(13.7%) with fever were caused by acute gout attacks. Among patients in the fever group, the peak age distribution is 30-40 years old. In terms of fever, most patients had low fever. In comparison of clinical characteristics, patients in the fever group had a relatively longer course of disease, more case of total articular involvement, and more frequent gout episodes in the past year (P＜0.05). In terms of inflammatory response, patients in the fever group had higher white blood cell count (P＜0.05), higher proportion of neutrophils(P＜0.01), and higher level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (P＜0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age of onset, body mass index (BMI), tophi, history of alcohol drinking, family history of gout, blood uric acid level, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusions The fever caused by acute gout attacks is mainly low fever. These patients have a relatively longer course of disease, more case of total articular involvement, and more gout frequent episodes in the past year, and stronger more inflammatory reactions.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common and important diseases leading to the death of elderly patients in the world at present. It is characterized by continuous airflow restriction and irreversible chronic airway obstruction, which can easily lead to a variety of complications and accompanying symptoms, greatly affecting the quality of life of individuals and increasing the economic burden of families and society. Pulmonary embolism(PE) is one of the complications of COPD, which can lead to pulmonary blood circulation and respiratory failure, with a high risk of death. However, because its clinical symptoms overlap with the symptoms of acute exacerbation of COPD and lack of specific clinical manifestations and laboratory tests, it is easy to be misdiagnosed and ignored, thus delaying the treatment of patients and affecting the prognosis. This article will elaborate on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with pulmonary embolism, providing certain value for early identification of COPD combined with PE patients and the severity of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]