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Objective To study the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate and severe plaque psoriasis in children. Methods A total of 10 children with psoriasis were enrolled at Yongcheng Central Hospital from November 2021 to November 2022. All patients were treated with subcutaneous injection of secukinumab and followed up for 52 weeks. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and childrens' dermatology life quality index(CDLQI) were evaluated, and adverse reactions were observed. Results After 4 weeks of the treatment, 8 patients achieved PASI 75, among which 7 patients achieved PASI 90 and PASI 100 was observed in 5 patients. After 8 weeks of the treatment, all 10 patients reached PASI 75, including 8 patients with PASI 100. After 12 weeks, all 10 patients achieved PASI 100. By 52 weeks, 9 patients reached PASI 75, including 8 patients with PASI 90 and 7 patients with PASI 100. After 4 weeks of the treatment, CDLQI scores were significantly decreased and declined to 0 by 52 weeks. No adverse reactions were observed in all patients. Conclusions Secukinumab can rapidly improve moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and exhibits long-lasting benefit. It is safe and can quickly improve the quality of life of the children.

Improving the training effect of multi-agent has always been the focus in the field of reinforcement learning. Based on the multi-Agent twin-delay deep deterministic policy gradient (MATD3) algorithm, a parameter sharing mechanism is introduced to improve training efficiency. At the same time, in order to alleviate the inconsistency between real rewards and auxiliary rewards, drawing on the ideas of course learning, a decay factor for auxiliary rewards is proposed to ensure the motivation of policy exploration in the early training period and the reward consistency in the late training period. And the proposed improved MATD3 algorithm is applied to combat vehicle games to achieve intelligent decision-making of the vehicle. The application results show that the reward curve of the vehicle converges stably and the effect is good. Besides, the improved algorithm is compared with the original MATD3 algorithm, and the simulation results verify that the improved algorithm can effectively improve the effect of convergence and the convergence value of reward.

To improve the fatigue performance of turbine blade tenon， the effect of shot peening on the surface integrity and high temperature fatigue performance of DD412 single crystal alloy was investigated. The surface morphology， roughness， hardness gradient and microstructure after shot peening were characterized by white light interferometer， roughness tester，microhardness tester， scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope respectively. The results show that after shot peening， the surface grinding tool marks are eliminated， and the surface micro stress concentration factor is significantly reduced. Severe plastic deformation occurr in the surface layer of the specimen， and a hardened layer with a depth of about 0.10-0.32 mm is formed.The mean fatigue life of the optimal shot peening specimens at 600 ℃/500 MPa is increased by more than 21.7 times， and the median fatigue limit at 600 ℃ is increased by 17.3%. The favorable change of surface integrity is the main reason for the improvement of high temperature fatigue properties of DD412 alloy after shot peening.

As new energy sources such as solar and wind energy develop rapidly, energy storage will usher in explosive growth owing to its ability to solve the problems of intermittent power generation. Vanadium redox flow battery has the characteristics of intrinsic safety, excellent lifecycle economical efficiency, and environmental friendliness, and is ready for industrial application; therefore, such battery becomes increasingly important in the field of energy storage. This study analyzes the development trend of the vanadium redox flow battery. Considering the unit vanadium consumption of the vanadium redox flow battery, it predicts the demand trend of vanadium resources in the energy storage field under three scenarios: high-speed, reference, and low-speed development. The demand for vanadium resources will increase rapidly in the future, especially under the high-growth scenario, and the global demand for vanadium resources in 2040 will increase by 276?338 times compared with that in 2021. With the rapid development of vanadium redox flow batteries, vanadium resources will be in short supply in the future. In view of the above situations, countermeasures for ensuring the supply of vanadium resources are proposed: (1) promoting technological research regarding vanadium redox flow batteries; (2) strengthening the geological exploration of vanadium mines to explore new vanadium resources; (3) innovating the methods and technologies for extracting vanadium from vanadium-titanium magnetite to improve the utilization efficiency of vanadium resources; (4) increasing the recycling of vanadium resources; and (5) emphasizing the layout and development of overseas vanadium-titanium magnetite.

Surface shot peening and annealing heat treatment were applied to the Fe-30Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP steel to achieve toughening. The effects of shot peening and shot peening combined with annealing on the microstructure of TWIP steel were analyzed by means of metallurgical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission. The hardness distribution, mechanical properties and work-hardening behaviors of the original samples, shot peened and shot peened + annealed samples were analyzed by using the micro-Vickers hardness tester and universal material testing machine. Results showed that the strong plastic deformation on the surface of TWIP steels was induced by shot peening, which resulted in the formation of highly deformed layer containing dislocation clusters of 60～100 nm size and transition layer containing micro and nanoscale deformation twin structures. This nano-micron scale grain size gradient structure could significantly increase the hardness of the highly deformed layer on the surface of TWIP steels to 366 HV0.1. Under the combined action of residual compressive stress, the yield strength of the sample increased to 485 MPa, which was much higher than the corresponding value of the initial sample. However, its fracture elongation was only 41.8% due to the surface roughness induced by shot peening and the nanocrystals with low plasticity in the highly deformed layer. After the annealing treatment, the deformed microstructure in the shot peened sample underwent recovery and recrystallization, with recrystallized grain sizes ranging from 1 to 3 μm in the strongly deformed layer position, and the hardness also decreased to 215 HV0.1. The yield strength of the formed micron-micron scale grain size gradient structure specimen declined to 261 MPa, but the elongation was improved to 65.3%. Besides, the grain size gradient structure was promotable to enhance the yield and tensile strength of TWIP steel, but was not favorable for the improvement of elongation.

Abstract [Objective] The purpose of this study is to elucidate the adaptive traits of the vegetative organ structure of Orchidaceae to Karst habitats, in order to reveal the survival strategies of different orchid species in response to habitat heterogeneity, and to provide theoretical support and reference for the research, protection, and development of orchid species. [Methods] Investigation was conducted on the structure of leaves, pseudobulbs, and roots of six Orchidaceae species varying in life forms in the Karst region of the Beipan River, Guizhou, China. The paraffin section technique was employed to examine the structure and quantify relevant parameters. Descriptive and variance analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were employed for data analysis. [Results] (1) There were significant differences in structural characteristics among different orchid species. Cymbidium qiubeiense, Cymbidium cyperifolium , Cymbidium lancifolium , and Pholidota leveilleana had isofacial leaves with thin leaves. The leaves of Coelogyne flaccida and Bulbophyllum andersonii were heterofacial and thicker with palisade tissue and spongy tissue differentiation. (2) Pseudobulbs were mainly composed of epidermis, basic tissue, and vascular bundle. The cells of the basic tissue were small and the density of the vascular bundle was high. The basic tissue cells of the pseudobulbs of epiphytic orchid were larger and the water storage structure was more developed. (3) The root coat and cortex of the ground orchid were thick, the root coat cells were closely arranged, and the cortical cells had many small layers. The rhizome and cortex of epiphyte orchids were thin, and the cortical cells were large. (4) The thickness of the lower epidermis of the leaves was significantly positively correlated with leaf thickness, leaf vascular bundle diameter, leaf flesh thickness, and leaf vein thickness (P

Abstract In this study, to improve the compaction quality and parameters of slag, discrete element models of irregular rock particles (10–60 mm) and circular soil particles (5 mm) were established based on on-site slag screening results. The motion of the vibratory roller was captured by coupling the roadbed model with the roller model in a simulation in which the roller vibrated and compacted the slag subgrade. The results indicated that (1) the best compaction was achieved when the small particle content was 40%, the medium particle content was 20%, and the large particle content was 40%. (2) When the slag was dominated by small rock particles, the optimum compaction frequency was 28 Hz, and when large rock particles dominated, the optimum compaction frequency was 33 Hz. (3) Rock particles were the primary particles that experienced stress in the vibration compaction, and the compressive force and displacement depended on the particle size. (4) The longitudinal and vertical displacements and rotation angles of the soil and rock particles were examined. The results of this study are conducive for advancing the understanding of slag compaction and improving the working efficiency and compaction quality of rollers.

Bare footprint recognition technology is a branch of image recognition technology, which plays an important role in criminal investigation, medical treatment and security fields, and is expected to become a new means of personal identification. However, this technology has not yet formed a relatively unified framework, nor has it established a standardized procedure. In order to provide guidance for future researchers, it is necessary to standardize the recognition process of different bare footprint images and summarize the relevant research of bare footprint recognition technology. Firstly, the background and significance of bare footprint recognition research are expounded. Then, the development history of this technology is reviewed, and the bare footprint images are divided into four categories according to different acquisition methods: ink stamped bare footprint images, plantar scanning images, footprint images acquired by optical footprint acquisition equipment and foot pressure images acquired by footprint pressure acquisition system. It is pointed out that the latter two images are the hot spots of bare footprint recognition research at present. Then, the research status of bare footprint recognition technology is analyzed from three aspects: dataset, image preprocessing and recognition methods. Among them, the recognition methods are divided into traditional methods and deep learning-based methods, and the latter is further divided into network structure innovation methods and loss function optimization methods. The evaluation indices of identification methods are given, and various methods are compared from many aspects. Finally, the problems faced by this technology are pointed out, and its future development direction is prospected.

Abstract The pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is attributed to metabolic dysregulation within the extracellular matrix and heightened apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPC). Therefore, a potential therapeutic strategy for managing IVDD involves the reestablishment of metabolic equilibrium within the extracellular matrix and the suppression of excessive myeloid cell apoptosis. The microRNA, miR-5590, displays marked differential expression in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues and exerts a direct influence on the regulation of DDX5 expression. This, in turn, modulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, thereby impacting autophagy and apoptosis. However, ensuring the smooth delivery of miRNA to a specific injury site poses a significant challenge. To address this issue, a multifunctional DNA hydrogel was developed and subsequently loaded with miR-5590 via spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) for the treatment of IVDD. The hydrogel, which exhibits versatility, has the potential to be administered through injection at the site of injury, resulting in a consistent and prolonged release of miR-5590. This leads to the creation of a genetic microenvironment within the NP, which triggers the onset of autophagy in NPCs and subsequently suppresses apoptosis. As a result, this process regulates the metabolic equilibrium within the extracellular matrix, thereby impeding the in vitro and in vivo progression of IVDD. The amalgamation of miRNAs and biomaterials offers a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of IVDD in clinical settings.

The effects of 200 keV and 10 MeV electron-irradiation accelerators on the eradication of lasioderma serricorne and bacteria in tobacco and on the quality of tobacco leaf are investigated. By controlling the parameters of electron-beam irradiation, all lasioderma serricorne and bacteria inside tobacco can be eradicated efficiently and rapidly. The irradiated tobacco exhibits good retention based on a validation experiment, and no colonies are detected within 38 d. The irradiation has no significant effects on the basic physical and chemical indexes or the organic-acid and mineral-element contents of tobacco. Excessive energy levels reduce the volatilization loss of neophytadiene in tobacco from 589.91 to 418.64 μg/g, which indicates that the aroma quality of the tobacco deteriorates to a certain extent. Fluka simulation results show that a 3 MeV electron beam is sufficient to penetrate a full box of stored tobacco at existing tobacco stacking densities.

[Objective] The construction method for an urban ecological network based on morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and ecological protection importance evaluation were studied in order to provide a scientific reference for the planning and construction of urban ecological network. [Methods] The importance of ecological protection at Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province was evaluated using the topological superposition of MSPA analysis results, and the birth source area was comprehensively obtained. We used the minimum resistance model to extract potential ecological corridors in the study area, and combined them with gravity models for importance classification. We optimized the ecological network structure from three aspects: source supplement, corridor supplement, and stepping stone supplement. [Results] ① The MSPA analysis results showed that the core area of Mudanjiang City had the highest proportion of landscape types (accounting for 87.41%) and that forest land was the main landscape type. ② There were 10 main ecological sources and six secondary ecological sources at Mudanjiang City. ③ There were 16 potential important ecological corridors and 104 general ecological corridors at Mudanjiang City. ④ Ecological network closure (α index) before optimization was 0.53, and 0.66 after optimization. Number of network connections (γ index) was 0.69 before optimization, and 0.77 after optimization. Line point rate (β index) was 2.0 before optimization, and 2.26 after optimization. [Conclusion] The application of the comprehensive MSPA analysis method and the ecological protection importance evaluation method in ecological network construction can help improve the structure and functionality of the ecological network.

The neuroprotective role of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) has been demonstrated in a variety of neurological diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 5-HMF on multiple sclerosis (MS). IFN-γ-stimulated murine microglia (BV2 cells) are considered a cell model of MS. With 5-HMF treatment, microglial M1/2 polarization and cytokine levels are detected. The interaction of 5-HMF with migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is predicted using online databases. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model is established, followed by a 5-HMF injection. The results show that 5-HMF facilitates IFN-γ-stimulated microglial M2 polarization and attenuates the inflammatory response. According to the network pharmacology and molecular docking results, 5-HMF has a binding site for MIF. Further results show that blocking MIF activity or silencing CD74 enhances microglial M2 polarization, reduces inflammatory activity, and prevents ERK1/2 phosphorylation. 5-HMF inhibits the MIF-CD74 interaction by binding to MIF, thereby inhibiting microglial M1 polarization and enhancing the anti-inflammatory response. 5-HMF ameliorates EAE, inflammation, and demyelination in vivo. In conclusion, our research indicates that 5-HMF promotes microglial M2 polarization by inhibiting the MIF-CD74 interaction, thereby attenuating inflammation and demyelination in EAE mice.

Achieving multifunctional wavefront manipulations of waves with a flat and thin plate is pivotal for high-capacity communications, which however is also challenging. A multi-layer metasurface with suppressed mode crosstalk provides an efficient recipe primarily for circular polarization, but all multiple functionalities still are confined to locked spin states and modes. Here, a multifunctional metasurface with spin-decoupled full-space wavefront control is reported by multiplexing both linear momentum and frequency degree of freedom. We employed vertically cascaded quadrangular patches and crossbars to integrate both geometric and dynamic phases and realized four channels between two spin states and two frequencies in distinct scattering modes (transmission and reflection). For verification, a proof-of-concept metadevice with four-port wavefront manipulations is experimentally demonstrated, exhibiting distinct functionalities including spin- and frequency-dependent focusing, quad-beam radiation, anomalous reflections, and Bessel beam generation. Our finding of full-space spin-decoupled metasurfaces would be important for high-capacity communications, multifunctional radar detections, and other applications.

In order to accurately and quickly predict the failure probability of gears with multiple failure modes, a novel reliability analysis methodology based on the mixed Copula (MCopula) function model is proposed to deal with the complex correlation among different failure functions. Firstly, we construct a novel MCopula model based on three famous Copula functions: Gumbel Copula, Clayton Copula, and Frank Copula functions. Secondly, we use and improve the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to optimally calculate the weight coefficients in the proposed MCopula model. Thirdly, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method is adopted to estimate related parameters in the proposed MCopula model. Finally, we verify the proposed reliability analysis methodology with a standard life-prediction case of a strut system and a practical life-problem case of a gear pair system. Comparison results of both cases show that, by using the proposed methodology, the failure probability of a gear pair system with multiple failure correlations can be quickly calculated through a small number of samples and can be estimated as accurately as that by the Monte Carlo scheme. Consequently, our proposed novel methodology successfully analyzes the reliability problems for a gear pair system with multiple failure modes. The proposed methodology can be further applied to solve the reliability problem for other machine parts.

Based on V93000 ATE, a test system using external power boost conversion module and programmable gain instrumentation operational amplifier was designed to meet the requirements of mass production of multi-sites ADC with large-swing and high-precision. The theoretical and test results show that the ADC test system can generate 29.4 V ramp and 29.1 V sine wave signals with peak to peak value. The SNR of test signal is better than 105 dB and THD is better than -103 dB, which can meet the test requirements of 16 bit high-precision and ±10 V high input swing multi-sites ADC.

Developing efficient and robust electrocatalysts is increasingly essential for water splitting, severely hindered by the sluggish four-electron transfer process of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Amorphous/crystalline heterophase engineering has recently emerged as a promising electronic modulation approach for OER catalysts but suffers from poor conductivity of the amorphous structure. Here, we coupled the amorphous/crystalline NiFe2O4 induced by vanadium doping with NiP heterojunction, highlighting the synergistic effect in modulating the electronic structures and the complementary effect in promoting conductivity. As a superior electrocatalyst to commercial RuO2, the as-prepared NFO-V0.3-P showed a low overpotential of 277 mV at the current density of 20 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 45 mV dec−1, and long-term stability. The excellent OER catalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic effect at the heterophase interface with rich active sites, fine-tuning of electronic regulation, and enhanced conductivity.

【Objective】 Precipitation and evapotranspiration are two important parameters required in hydrological modelling and water resource management. In this paper, we analyzed their temporal variation in the arid area in central Ningxia province. 【Method】 The analysis was based on precipitation and monthly average temperature measured from 1969 to 2020 from six meteorological stations across the area. Spatiotemporal variation in the precipitation and net precipitation (the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration) was calculated using the Koichiro Takahashi's evapotranspiration formula, climate trend method, Mann-Kendall mutation test and the wavelet cycle analysis. 【Result】 ① The precipitation in northwest and southeast of the area differed considerably, with the precipitation in the former and the latter being 188.0 mm and 304.1 mm, and their associated net precipitation being 17.8 mm and 58.9 mm, respectively. ② Rainfall in the area falls mainly in summer, accounting for 57% of the annual precipitation, while precipitation in the winter is the least, accounting for only 3% of annual precipitation. The net precipitation in spring and winter is lower than that in other seasons. ③ Interannual variation in net precipitation has been in a transition from fluctuations to continued drying in the studied period. The extreme rainfalls were mainly in the southeast, and the net precipitation in the northwest was more abundant before 2013 than after 2013. ④ Trend analysis shows that the annual precipitation and net precipitation in the southeast have increased significantly at 1.539 mm/a and 0.467 mm/a, respectively. In contrast, the precipitation in the northwest had increased at 0.647 mm/a, while the net precipitation had been decreasing at 0.073 mm/a though not at a significant level. Mutation analysis showed an abrupt precipitation change in 2010. ⑤ Precipitation and net precipitation in the studied area showed periodicities of 9, 12~13, 40 a, with their associated oscillating periods being 6, 9 and 25 a, respectively. The net precipitation varied largely, having a greater impact on agriculture and animal husbandry. 【Conclusion】 Precipitation and net precipitation in the southeast is more abundant than in the northwest of the studied area. The magnitude of seasonal annual precipitation and net precipitation are ranked in the order of summer>autumn>spring>winter. Precipitation and net precipitation in the studied area have been increasing over the studied period.

In recent decades, EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been proven to be an effective therapy for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to EGFR-TKIs limits their clinical application. In the present study, we investigate the antitumor effect and underlying mechanism of a novel pyrimidine-2,4-diamine derivative, cyy-287, in NSCLC. We find that cyy-287 has a high affinity for lung tissue and inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Interestingly, the significant suppression of migration and induction of apoptosis by cyy-287 are only observed in EGFR-driven but not in EGFR-wild-type (wt) cells. According to the RNA sequencing and KEGG enrichment analysis results, cyy-287 markedly inhibits the MAPK pathway in EGFR-driven PC9 cells, and western blot analysis results further indicate that cyy-287 selectively blocks the ERK pathway in EGFR-driven cells. Meanwhile, apoptosis induced by cyy-287 could be partially reversed by ERK pathway inhibition. Further experiment indicates that cyy-287 inhibits the EGFR pathway in both EGFR-driven and EGFR-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, it only induces apoptosis in EGFR-driven cells, not in EGFR-overexpressing cells. The growth of EGFR-driven cells is suppressed by cyy-287 in vivo, with fewer side effects. Our results suggest that cyy-287 may be a potential therapeutic drug with promising antitumor effects against NSCLC.

Abrasion damage is inevitable for hydraulic structure concrete, to increase the service life of large water conservancies and to keep them running safely and reliably, hydraulic concrete requires a high abrasion resistance. This review synthesizes current practices defined by scientific literature in a format focused on allowing quick comparison and understanding of the current scenario of anti-abrasion concrete enhancing mechanism, measuring methods, and approaches to enhance concrete abrasion resistance. Besides, the review highlights the application of widely used materials and potential materials application, like silica fume and fibers which are mature research at present, and effective but preliminary used materials like nanoparticles, to better understand the development of higher abrasion resistance of concrete. According to the present research, it indicate that incorporating enhancement materials into concrete to achieve better abrasion resistance are basically through the way of hardening cement paste, controlling internal crack propagation, or using stronger coarse aggregate to enhance its ability for anti-abrasive. Finally, based on the systematic literature review, a discussion on major areas holding the significant potential to improve current practices is presented and practical recommendations are provided to advance toward more direct and optimized methods.

Recycling of spent lithium (Li)-ion batteries has become a hot research topic due to its surge in the quantity and environmental problems. Herein we demonstrated a new chemical configuration of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) to recover the cobalt from lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), a representative cathode material for Li-ion battery. It was experimentally verified that the leaching efficiency of Co increased rapidly with the increase in the reaction temperature. Nearly 96% of Co can be leached from lithium cobalt oxide after a leaching treatment at 200℃ for 20 h. The leaching mechanism of cobalt in DES was analyzed by using a variety of techniques, including cyclic voltammetric experiments, Fourier transform infrared radiation, and ultraviolet-visible spectra. The results showed that the LiCoO2 dissolve into the DES via reduction of Co(iii) to Co(ii). In particular to this work, the leaching experiments were performed in a higher concentration than those in the previous studies, which significantly promoted the operating efficiency of the leaching process.

A novel method for CO2 injection direct smelting vanadium steel (CIDSVS) is proposed. Achieving selective oxidation of phosphorus is essential for the applicability of the suggested process. Under the guidance of thermodynamics, the mechanisms of CO2 injection dephosphorization and vanadium retention were investigated with CO2 flow rate and dephosphorization slag composition as experimental variables. The results indicate that CO2 as an oxygen source can remove 73.8% of phosphorus, while the oxidation rate of vanadium is 17.5%. The dephosphorization process can be divided into two stages: FeO- and CO2-dominated experimental processes. In the initial stage of slag feeding, [V] and [P] undergo fast oxidation, and the oxidation amount is positively correlated with the initial FeO content. The high basicity (CaO/SiO2 ratio) reduces the activity of V2O3 in the slag and promotes the oxidation of [V]. Under the experimental conditions of 1,400°C, the optimal conditions were determined to be a CO2 flow rate of 1.5 mL·g−1·min−1, a FeO content of 40%, and a basicity B of 2.5. Following the CIDSVS steelmaking operation, 80% of the vanadium is retained, and the impurity elements fulfill the specifications for steel. This method enhances vanadium utilization and is environmentally friendly.

With the implementation of the green economy and the decarbonization strategy, the new energy automobile industry has developed rapidly in China, which poses new challenges to the balance and stability of the power system. This paper predicts the development trend of China's new energy vehicle industry through the random forest model, and analyses the impact of the development of new energy vehicles on power demand. The results show that the number of new energy vehicles in China is expected to increase significantly, accounting for a quarter of the total number of vehicles, and the number of charging piles will increase significantly to meet the demand. With the development of the new energy automobile industry, the demand for electricity and power load in the whole society are expected to maintain rapid growth, which poses new challenges to the power supply stability of the power grid. This study provides an important reference for government regulation, power grid adaptation and new energy vehicle enterprise development planning.

In recent years,with the rapid development of cloud computing and artificial intelligence,digital images are more and more widely used in multimedia,medical and military fields.Among them,remote sensing technology can detect and process remote targets through the theory of electromagnetic wave,which makes the transmission security of remote sensing images increasingly significant.In order to solve the problems of digital image information security and privacy protection,this paper proposes a reversible remote sensing image hiding algorithm based on novel Hachimoji deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and QR decomposition.Firstly,the system parameters and initial values of the coupled map lattice(CML) are updated by using the information entropy of remote sensing image and host image,and the generated chaotic sequences are used as the one-time key stream of the encryption process,which increases resistance to known/selected plain-text attacks.Then,Hachimoji DNA technology is used to encode the remote sensing image with 8-bit base,and key streams are used to perform XOR operation and cyclic shift operation on the image matrix.Finally,the host image is decomposed into blocks,and the encrypted remote sensing image is embedded into the host block in the form of DNA bases.In particular,the host image still visually meaningful after embedding remote sensing information,and the embedded image information can also be extracted from it without loss.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good embedding effect,high security and strong robustness.

Objective: This study focuses on the effects of twin-screw extrusion on the functional properties and structure of pea protein. Methods: The color change of pea protein extrudates were analyzed by automatic colorimeter, the water holding capacity and emulsifying characteristics of pea protein were analyzed by chemical analysis. The microstructure of pea protein and its extrudates were observed by scanning electron microscope, and the secondary structure of the extrudates were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: After extrusion treatment, no significant difference was found in the color of pea protein, indicating that the pea protein had a better product color and the water holding capacity was significantly reduced （P＜0.05）, with the emulsibility and emulsification stability significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Scanning electron microscope showed that the microstructure changed obviously, resulting in protein aggregates with compact structure. The infrared spectrum showed that no new characteristic peaks appeared after extrusion treatment, but the secondary structure conversion occurred; β-sheet and α-helix structure transformed into β-turn and random coil structure, and the structural stability increased. Conclusion: After extrusion treatment, the pea protein retained its original product color, emulsification characteristics were significantly improved, the structure was dense and stability was enhanced.

The high-quality development of lithium resources and the downstream power battery industry chain is crucial for China’s economic transformation and the steady development of strategic emerging industries. This paper analyzes the implications of lithium and its downstream power battery industry chain, which comprise resource, smelting processing, key material and product, and recycling ends. Based on this, the necessity of high-quality development of relevant industrial chain and its basic situation are expounded. Due to natural and ecological constraints, the expansion of domestic lithium ore production is restricted. The international competition for resources has led to a sharp increase in China's import risks. The core patents on technologies such as cathode materials and electrolytes are monopolized by foreign companies. There remains a gap between domestic and international advanced level in key materials and battery technology, and the accumulation of emerging technologies is inadequate. The secondary recycling system of waste power battery resources is incomplete, and the industrial order needs to be regulated. Focusing on the high-quality development of lithium and its downstream power battery industry chain, the stage development goals for 2025 and 2035 are demonstrated. The construction path proposed includes constructing a safe and stable resource supply system using multiple dimensions, developing key materials and new battery technologies by strengthening the lithium battery technology system and talent reserves, and promoting the coordinated development of all links of the industrial chain while focusing on innovation of key materials and products. Furthermore, we propose the following suggestions: (1) improving the top-level design to form an integrated management model of the entire industry chain, (2) increasing financial support to enable the mutual promotion of basic and applied research, (3) encouraging cooperation among enterprises in the upstream and downstream links to enhance the synergy effect of the industrial chain, and (4) strengthening industry-university-research cooperation to cultivate interdisciplinary talents for the industrial chain.

PurposeThis study aims to compare the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast (CNC) and basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), as well as to analyze the characteristics of the molecular typing of the CNC.MethodsThe clinicopathological features of 69 cases of CNC and 48 cases of BLBC were observed and compared. EnVision immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CNC and BLBC.ResultsThe age of the 69 patients ranged from 32 to 80 years, with an average of 54.55 years. Gross examination showed that most tumors were well-defined single central nodules with a diameter of 1.2~5.0 cm. Microscopically, there is a large necrotic or acellular area in the center of the tumor, mainly composed of tumor coagulative necrosis with varying degrees of fibrosis or hyaline degeneration. A small amount of cancer tissue remained in the form of a ribbon or small nest around the necrotic focus. Among 69 cases of CNC, the proportion of basal cell type (56.5%) was significantly higher than that of lumen type A (18.84%), lumen type B (13.04%), HER2 overexpression (5.8%), and nonexpression (5.8%). A total of 31 cases were followed up for 8~50 months, with an average of 33.94 months. There have been nine cases of disease progression. When compared to BLBC, there were no significant differences in BRCA1 and VEGF protein expression in response to CNC (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences in protein expression in HIF-1α (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe molecular typing of CNC showed that over half of those were BLBC. No statistically significant difference in the expression of BRCA1 was observed between CNC and BLBC; thus, we predict that targeted therapy for BRCA1 in BLBC may also have considerable effects in CNC patients. The expression of HIF-1α is significantly different in CNC and BLBC, and perhaps HIF-1α can be used as a new entry point to distinguish between the two. There is a significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in BLBC, and there was no significant correlation between the expression levels of the two proteins in CNC.

To date, the encapsulation of therapeutic enzymes in a protective matrix is an optimized strategy for the maintenance of their stability, facilitating their clinical application. However, the stability and activity of therapeutic enzymes are often in tension with each other. A rigid protective matrix may effectively maintain the stability of therapeutic enzymes, but it can reduce the diffusion of substrates toward the therapeutic enzyme active site, dramatically affecting their catalytic efficiency. Here, we exploited a kind of nanogels by in situ polymerization on the arginine deiminase (ADI) surface with 3-acrylamido-phenylboronic acid (APBA) monomer. These nanogels efficiently improved the thermal stability (25–75℃), the pH stability (pH 1–13), and protease (trypsin) stability of ADI due to the strong rigidity of the surface poly(APBA) shell. And even after 60 days of storage, ∼60% of the activity of ADI encapsulated by nanogels remained. Furthermore, ADI encapsulated by nanogels could efficiently degrade arginine to increase the ratio of citrulline to arginine in mice plasma. That is because autologous glucose binds with APBA leading to the hydrophilicity increase of nanogels, and then, the arginine molecules can readily diffuse toward the encapsulated ADI. This nanogel platform eases the tension between the stability and activity of therapeutic enzymes. The resulting nanogels can efficiently maintain the in vitro stability and the in vivo activity of therapeutic enzymes, facilitating the exploitation of new therapeutic enzyme formulations, which can be transported and stored in vitro for a long time and be applied effectively in vivo.

Aiming at the formation control problem for unmanned surface vehicles under input overload and external disturbance, a leader-follower formation control law based on input saturation and the adaptive super-twisting algorithm was designed in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of underactuated unmanned surface vehicle formation based on the leader-follower method is established, and the virtual expected velocity is designed by the back-stepping method to improve the control accuracy of formation. Secondly, the parametric uncertainties and unknown external disturbances in the USV’s dynamical model are compensated by the proposed adaptive super-twisting control laws. In addition, the input saturation function is added to the controller to avoid machine necrosis caused by input overload. Finally, Simulation results show that the controller can roughly keep the trajectory of the USV consistent with the expected trajectory and ensure that the input values are within the safe range, which proves the effectiveness of the method in this paper.

High-accuracy interferometric measurement is crucial for integrated photonic interferometric imaging. In this paper, we propose an online calibration approach for large-scale integrated photonic beam combination that can realize high-accuracy measurement. By leveraging a simple four-step switching condition and the optical path differences between interferometric beams, the instrumental characteristics of the beam combiner, including the transmittances, visibilities, and phase relations, could be calibrated accurately. Compared to the conventional approach, the calibration procedure and estimation method are greatly simplified in our proposed scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using a photonic integrated circuit with two interferometric channels. The calibration results show that the differences between the phase relations are less than 1.41% between the proposed and conventional approaches. The proposed scheme shows significant advantages in optical synthetic aperture imaging systems using photonic integrated circuits especially for applications in harsh environments.

The unloading failure process in mining engineering scenarios is similar to the loading failure process at different loading rates indoor. To clarify the relationship between the mechanical properties of backfill and the loading rate, a particle flow code 2D-based numerical simulation was performed to establish the backfill model, and tests involving five loading rates were conducted. The following results were obtained: (1) the compressive strength of the backfill body increases linearly with the increase in the loading rate. The peak strain increases in an S-shaped manner, and the modulus of elasticity first increases and then decreases. (2) The evolution of cracks is similar to that of damage energy consumption, and a smaller rate means that the curve’s inflection point arrives earlier. (3) Tensile failure is the dominant failure mode. As the rate increases, the model destruction mode transforms from single to multiple failures, and the crack distribution becomes denser. (4) The backfill body exhibits a uniform destruction form at all loading rates. However, the difference in the loading rate leads to different energy consumption growth rates and total energy consumption.

BACKGROUND Associated elements in copper deposits are of high economic value. However, they are difficult to locate and utilize because of their fine (micrometer to nanometer) size. OBJECTIVES To develop a method for determining the occurrence of associated elements in copper deposits. METHODS Backscatter image, secondary electron image, X-ray spectrum point, line and mapping analysis technology were used to determine the mineral phases, morphological characteristics, occurrence, qualitative/quantitative and distribution laws of the associated elements of the copper deposit. The acceleration voltage of the scanning electron microscope was 20kV, the emission current was 10μA, and the energy spectrum dwelling time was 100s. RESULTS The key technologies in the sample pretreatment and analysis were discussed in detail to form a set of effective analyses of copper deposits. The energy spectrum-scanning electron microscope (EDX-SEM) microanalysis method of associated elements was established. Gold, silver, cobalt, bismuth, and selenium were all distributed in other minerals in the form of independent minerals or isomorphic substitution. CONCLUSIONS Through the study of the occurrence of the associated elements, a micro basis for the identification of mineral industrial value, mine resource evaluation, and the recovery and utilization of associated elements has been established, and provides technical support for mining, beneficiation and smelting formulation.