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Abstract Objectives Socioeconomic factors significantly impact human health; however, the impact of exercise and income on musculoskeletal system health remains unclear. Our study aims to explore the relationship between exercise and income with musculoskeletal system health in young and middle-aged adults. Design This cross-sectional study used data from 7,515 adults aged 20–59 years, which were obtained from the US NHANES, 2011–2018. Participants’ musculoskeletal system health was evaluated on the basis of them having osteopenia, osteoporosis, or sarcopenia. Methods Ordinal regression was used to explore the correlation between income level, exercise volume, and musculoskeletal system health. Mediating effect analysis was used to assess whether the exercise volume affected the impact of income levels on musculoskeletal system health. Ordinal regression and restricted cubic spline curve were used to further analyze the relationship between exercise and income level. Results In the analysis of adjusted all covariates, the probability of having good musculoskeletal system health in high-income participants was higher than that of low- or middle-income participants. The probability of having good musculoskeletal system health in the actively exercising group higher than that of the participants exercised insufficiently or sufficiently. Mediating effect of exercise masked the effect of income on musculoskeletal system health. Participants with low income levels tended to spend more time exercising that those who had high income levels; exercise volume and income level had a significant non-linear relationship. Conclusion The findings presented will help identify young and middle-aged adults who are most at risk of developing musculoskeletal health problem and will likely benefit from certain lifestyle interventions.

Objective To compare and analyze the clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (ac-LVO) caused by large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and simple arterial embolization. Methods From August 2020 to September 2022, 87 patients with ac - LVO hospitalized in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University were enrolled. All patients were treated with endovascular treatment, including intravenous thrombolysis, stent thrombectomy, aspiration thrombectomy or angioplasty (balloon dilatation or stent implantation). According to intraoperative findings (etiology), they were divided into LAA group (n = 32) and simple arterial embolization group (embolization group, n = 55). The primary outcome was the 90 d modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, and the secondary outcomes were postoperative vascular recanalization rate [modified Thrombolysis Cerebral Infarction (mTICI)] and incidence of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage 1 d after surgery. Results The proportions of patients with atrial fibrillation (χ2 = 17.672, P = 0.000) and thrombus retrieval ≥ 3 times (χ2 = 10.606, P = 0.001) in the embolization group were higher than those in the LAA group, the proportion of intravenous thrombolysis in the embolization group was less than that in the LAA group (χ2 = 5.403, P = 0.020). However, the time from onset to operation (Z = 1.111, P = 0.267), the time from admission to operation (Z = 0.149, P = 0.882), preferred surgical approach for endovascular treatment (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.153), as well as the rate of good prognosis (mRS score ≤ 2; χ2 = 0.004, P = 0.950) and mortality (χ2 = 0.035, P = 0.851) at 90 d after surgery, the rate of postoperative vascular recanalization (mTICI grade ≥ Ⅱb; χ2 = 0.033, P = 0.856) and symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage rate 1 d after surgery (χ2 = 0.345, P = 0.557) for the secondary outcome were observed in both groups, the above differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions The efficacy and prognosis of endovascular treatment of ac-LVO caused by LAA and simple arterial embolization has the same effect and clinical prognosis.

To solve the problem of low transmission efficiency caused by the high overhead of the pilot in the short packet structure, a M-ary overmodulation based on cyclic shift symbol for pilot-free short packet communication scheme was proposed. The scheme adopted cycle code shift keying (CCSK) to modulate pseudo noise (PN) sequences, and used M-ary overmodulation sequences to perform secondary modulation on multiple CCSK symbols. The receiving end utilized the good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of PN sequences to achieve pilot-free detection and synchronization, which effectively eliminated the training overhead of short packet pilots. The introduction of overmodulation effectively improved symbol synchronization performance while carrying additional information. The synchronization evaluation function of short packet symbols after CCSK and overmodulation was derived, and the feasibility of M-ary overmodulation loading information was verified. Simulation results demonstrate that under AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels, the proposed M-ary overmodulation based on cyclic shift symbols for pilot-free short packet communication scheme for pilot-free short packet communication effectively improves the symbol synchronization performance, and transmits additional lbM bit information compared to a single overmodulation sequence.

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to discover the genetic loci and candidate genes of seed glucosinolate content in Brassica napus, and lay a foundation for the cloning of genes involved in glucosinolate metabolism and improving the breeding of B. napus. [Methods] Using KN DH populations from four different environments as materials, the QTL mapping of seed glucosinolate content and the candidate genes were analyzed. [Results] (1) The variation coefficient of seed glucosinolate content in B. napus was high and stable, which followed the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. (2) Seven consistent QTLs, including cqGC.A9-5, cqGC.A9-7, cqGC.A9-9, cqGC.C2-9, cqGC.C2-10, cqGC.C9-5 and cqGC.C9-6, were environmentally stable QTLs, of which cqGC.A9-5, cqGC.C2-10, and cqGC.C9-5 were major QTLs. (3) Three candidate genes, including BnaA09g05480D, BnaC09g05620D, and BnaC09g05810D, were identified in the interval of the major QTL cqGC.A9-5 and cqGC.C9-5. Based on their annotation, these candidate genes were involved in the biosynthetic pathway of glucosinolates (the biosynthesis of IAOx and 3-alkyl malic acid) and transport and distribution of glucosinolates. [Conclusion] Seed glucosinolate content in B. napus was quantitative trait. Three major QTLs for seed glucosinolate content were identified, which might be involved in the synthesis of intermediate products and the transport and distribution of glucosinolates.

"Objective To evaluate the changes in sex hormone levels in male patients with obesity after receiving laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Methods Forty-three male obese patients who received LSG at the Clinical Research Center for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Weight Loss Metabolic Surgery in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2013 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed for preoperative and 1-year follow-up clinical data. The main outcomes were sex hormone levels ［estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, progesterone, and testosterone］, blood lipids, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, and body weight. Results One year after LSG, the levels of chest circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) decreased in the whole group (P＜0.01). Correlation analysis showed that preoperative E2 was positively correlated with body weight (r=0.340), while testosterone was negatively correlated with BMI (r=-0.369), abdominal circumference (r=-0.372), hip circumference (r=-0.384), and chest circumference (r=-0.366)，respectively (P＜0.05). Compared with the preoperative levels, the serum testosterone level increased in the whole group one year after LSG ［4.8(3.9,5.8) ng/mLvs 2.6(1.9, 3.0) ng/mL,Z=6.530,P＜0.01］, while the levels of of E2 and prolactin decreased significantly (P0.05). Postoperative total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were improved compared with preoperative (P＜0.05). Conclusion LSG bariatric surgery is safe and effective, and the degree of obesity in men is negatively correlated with testosterone levels. LSG can effectively increase testosterone levels, and reduce E2 and prolactin levels in male obesity patients."

Objective Huge heat is generated during underground substation transformer operation. Failure to promptly dissipate this heat can lead to problems such as transformer overheating, equipment malfunctions, and even fire accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the temperature control of transformer rooms in metro substations. Method Taking the 110 kV underground substation (Qichuan Station) of Jinan Rail Transit Line 3 as example, considering the influence of mechanical exhaust air volume, transformer heat dissipation, and outdoor ambient temperature, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to study the temperature control in the transformer room. The temperature evolution law in the main transformer room under 8 different ventilation conditions is analyzed. Result & Conclusion Setting the mechanical exhaust air volume based on theoretical calculations can effectively dissipate the heat generated by the transformer, and the theoretically calculated air volume tends to be conservative. The existing design fans can effectively discharge the heat generated by the transformer, with a maximum capacity to dissipate three times the generated heat. Even under adverse conditions with an outdoor ambient temperature of 40 ℃, the existing design fans can still effectively dissipate the heat generated by the transformer, achieving the temperature control objectives.

Objective With the increasing power supply load required by metro, the operation of oil-immersed equipment such as wet-type transformers under overload conditions is extremely prone to fire, posing a threat to the safety of ceiling structure. To avoid or reduce the possibility of transformer fires, it is necessary to investigate the smoke movement patterns and the variation characteristics of ceiling temperature in main transformer room during fire. Method Taking the 110 kV Qichuan Substation of Jinan Rail Transit Line 3 as example, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, considering the comprehensive effects of ventilation conditions, fire heat release rate, and fire source height, the temperature characteristics of smoke below the ceiling in main transformer room during fire are investigated. Result & Conclusion When mechanical ventilation is activated, the organization of indoor airflow will affect the distribution of smoke temperature below the ceiling. Wind replenishment causes the fire plume to deflect, leading to the maximum temperature rise point shifting towards exhaust vents, with the maximum temperature rise slightly lower than when mechanical ventilation is closed. The dimensionless maximum ceiling temperature rise can be divided into two regions: when the flame does not impinge on the ceiling, it exhibits a linear relationship between the dimensionless maximum temperature rise and the ratio of Q2/5 and (hef-h0) (where Q is the fire heat release rate, hef is the distance from fire source surface to the ceiling, h0 is the virtual point source height); when the fire flame impinges on the ceiling, the dimensionless maximum temperature rise is a constant, and a prediction model for the dimensionless maximum temperature rise of the ceiling is proposed. Based on simulation data, prediction models for temperature decrease of ceiling jets driven by weak and strong fire plumes are proposed.

The current methods for identifying network traffic are generally designed and tested for specific network environments or datasets, making it difficult to generalize and apply to complex and ever-changing actual network environments. A robust traffic recognition algorithm based on graph neural networks was proposed for achieving accurate traffic recognition in practical network scenarios. Firstly, in response to the current algorithm’s neglect of network environment fluctuations and the decrease in accuracy caused by pattern changes, network flows were clustered and filtered by selecting high-level protocol features to reduce the impact of network bandwidth fluctuations on website access traffic behavior. Secondly, due to the fact that most current algorithms only perform single stream recognition and ignore the interrelationships between flows, the various types of feature information and their correlations of network flows were considered, and spatiotemporal correlation features between network flows were extracted through graph neural networks to fully learn network traffic characteristics. By complementing multiple flows and features, the robustness of the algorithm was improved. Finally, a Transformer model that could capture global data information was used as a classifier to analyze the multi type features of network data flow, achieving robust network traffic recognition. Approximately 1 500 and 1 400 visits to 21 target websites in different network environments were collected as datasets for training and testing, achieving an accuracy of 90.7%. Compared with the latest ProGraph algorithm, the accuracy is improved by 7.3%, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Efforts to increase the number of filters are driven by the demand for miniaturized spectrometers and multispectral imaging. However, processes that rely on sequential fabrication of each filter are cost ineffective. Herein, we introduce an approach to produce at least 16 distinct filters based on a single low-resolution lithographic step with minimum feature size of 0.6 μm. Distinct from grayscale lithography, we employ standard binary lithography but achieve height variations in polymeric resist through a post-development reflow process. The resulting transparent polymeric films were incorporated in Fabry–Perot cavity structures with cavity thickness ranging from 90 to 230 nm to produce transmittance across the visible spectrum. This binary lithography and reflow (BLR) process demonstrates control of the dielectric layer thickness down to ∼15 nm. This new process provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional techniques in fabricating microscopic transmission filters, and other applications where precise thickness variation across the substrate is required.

In the context of large-scale and medium-and-long distance offshore wind power development， a comprehensive economic comparison has been made between fractional frequency transmission system （FFTS） and other transmission systems. An economic evaluation model based on the levelized cost of electricity （LCOE） for the FFTS system. This model takes into account the lifecycle， initial resource investment， operational losses， routine maintenance， decommissioning costs， and tax liabilities. By using an offshore wind farm as a case study， the paper analyzes the economic intervals of the FFTS and economic variability under various scenarios. The findings reveal that， for a 500 MW offshore wind farm， the economic interval extends from 80 to 250 kilometers； moreover， this range exhibits a notable degree of stability and demonstrates superior economic viability in contrast to traditional transmission systems across multiple scenarios.

Objective To investigate the effect of resistance exercise on self-management ability, vascular diastolic function and atherosclerosis in patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 160 patients with hypertension treated in Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital from December 2019 to January 2022 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into study group (n=80) and traditional group (n=80) by random number table method. The traditional group was given routine aerobic exercise training based on drug therapy, and the research group was given resistance exercise training based on traditional therapy. Patients in both groups received intervention for 3 months, and the changes of vascular endothelial diastolic function and atherosclerosis were compared and analyzed before and after training. Results After training , the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the two groups decreased significantly compared with those before training (P＜0.05), and the study group was significantly lower than the traditional group (P＜0.05). The scores of self-management ability (45.28±3.17, 40.10±2.22) in the study group and traditional group were significantly higher than those before training (31.48±3.18, 31.54±2.58); The score of self-management ability in study group was significantly lower than that in traditional group (t=141.972, P＜0.05). The serum levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 2 (Lp-PLA2) and homocysteine (Hcy) in two groups decreased significantly compared with those before training (P＜0.05)，and the levels of serum Lp-PLA2 and Hcy in the study group were significantly higher than those in the traditional group (P＜0.05). The change rate of artery diameter and the change rate of artery diameter of endothelium-dependent vasodilation function in the two groups were significantly higher than those before training, and the study group was significantly higher than the traditional group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in carotid intima-media thickness between the two groups after training and before training, and there was no significant difference between the study group and the traditional group (P＞0.05). Conclusion Resistance exercise can improve vascular endothelial relaxation function and atherosclerosis status, inhibit the expression of Lp-PLA2 and Hcy, reduce blood pressure continuously, and improve the self-management ability of patients with hypertension.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is known to be a common pathogen causing human respiratory infections. On December 7, 2022, the Chinese government announced 10 new measures of Prevention and Control of COVID-19, marking the onset of the post-COVID-19 era. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of MP infections among children from January 2021 to June 2023.

Herein, we elucidate the potential role of ANO6 (TMEM16F) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). ANO6 expression in GIST and adjacent normal tissues was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis were examined utilizing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling staining, and flow cytometry. In addition, the total iron and Fe2+ levels were assessed. IL-18 and IL-1β levels were also evaluated. Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), cystine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels were evaluated using appropriate kits. Ferroptotic markers, including Ptgs2, Chac1, SLC7A11, and SLC3A2, were analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. ANO6 expression decreased in GIST tissues. ANO6-plasmid inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and promotes pyroptosis in GIST-T1 and GIST-T1 IR cells. The ANO6-plasmid induced ferroptosis, as confirmed by enhanced lipid ROS levels, increased intracellular concentrations of total iron and Fe2+, promoted Ptgs2 and Chac1 expression, reduced Cys, GSH, and GPX4 levels, and downregulated SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 expression after in vitro and in vivo treatment with ANO6-plasmid. Moreover, the ANO6-plasmid inhibited GIST growth in vivo. Therefore, ANO6 may be a promising therapeutic target for blocking the development of GIST via the induction of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis.

In this study, solid waste titanium gypsum (TG) was used as raw material to design the basic mix ratio of aggregate, and TG artificial aggregate (TGA) was prepared based on alkali-activated cold bonding technology. The effects of different additives (slag, silica fume, and fly ash) on the properties of TGA were preliminarily investigated by using NaOH as activator in laboratory test, and the additives of TG aggregate were determined. Furthermore, the aggregate mix ratio was designed based on the additive, and the physical and mechanical properties, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and dry–wet cycle test of artificial aggregate were carried out. The results show that the artificial aggregate prepared by the same process and the aggregate prepared by silica fume as an additive has a high balling rate; it is technically feasible to use TG as the main raw material, silica fume as an additive, and NaOH as an activator to select a suitable mix ratio to prepare artificial aggregates. The microscopic test results reveal the internal products and structural degradation process of TG aggregate.

The Western Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is the final link to be constructed for the four-horizontal three-vertical framework of China’s national water network. The adjustable water volume in the water source areas is a focal and challenging issue in the planning and demonstration of the Western Route. This study raised ten questions related to the adjustable water volume in the water source areas of the Western Route from the aspects of water resource background conditions and evolution trends, ecological and socio-economic water demands, scales of reservoirs and water conveyance projects, as well as impacts of water diversion on water resource development and utilization, aquatic ecological environment, hydropower, and navigation in the water source areas and their lower reaches. Based on a distributed hydrological model of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, a simulation and analysis model for calculating the adjustable water volume in water source areas of the Western Route is established to quantitatively answer the ten questions raised. The main conclusions are as follows. First, under the premise of solely satisfying ecological and socio-economic water demands within and outside the river channels of the water source areas, a plan that combines upper and lower routes presents an average adjustable water volume of 1.59×1010 m³ over multiple years, while a plan for solely constructing a lower route can reach an average adjustable water volume of 1.74×1010 m³ by constructing the Gangtuo Reservoir for coordinated operation. Second, comprehensively considering the impacts of water diversion on water balance, hydropower, and navigation, as well as their acceptability in the water source areas, the adjustable water volume is between 1.22×1010 and 1.26×1010 m³. Third, in the long term, the plan should focus on connecting and integrating the water network in the southwestern region with the main framework and major streams of the national water network of China. This will reduce the impacts of water diversion by the Western Route Project, increase the overall water supply capacity of the project, and promote its adaptability to external conditions such as climate change.

Abstract Faculty supervisor profiles on the graduate school webpages of universities offer an explicit assertion of self-representation regarding the author’s academic identity, from which potential graduates can gain official information about their future faculty supervisors. Though scholars’ identity construction on blogs or homepages has drawn sufficient attention, supervisors’ identity construction on graduate school webpages across authors’ status, gender, and disciplines in the Chinese context has not been sufficient. Based on the analysis of moves and processes, this study explores academic identity construction across authors’ status, gender, and disciplines. Professor/Ph.D. faculty supervisors (PPSs) generally tend to use more moves than associate professors/master supervisors (APMs); different relational and material processes are used most frequently for scholars of different statuses. For gender, male academics use more words than females for move and process items. For disciplinary differences, art scholars pay close attention to education, achievement and community service, presenting more relational processes, while history and telecommunications scholars concentrate on their research directions and main publications. The results are further discussed with reference to status advantage, women’s dilemma, and disciplinary culture in the Chinese academic community.

Acidic mine drainage (AMD) is one of the primary pollutants from abandoned mines. This type of pollution is characterized by its extensive area, prolonged duration, and challenging detection process, especially in karst region with intricate hydrological systems, thereby posing a significant threat to the sustainable development of the economy. This paper focuses on the pollution of acidic mine water in the karst region of Southwest China and adopts a comprehensive watershed pollution management strategy. Considering the unique hydrogeological structure of the karst mines, the active water cycle, and the sensitivity and fragility of the ecological environment, this study proposes a set of acid mine drainage pollution control methods based on hydrogeological structures. These include “zonal management, one policy per mine; source control, pollution reduction; and end-of-pipe treatment, standard discharge.” This study applies coal mine water prevention and control techniques to environmental management, developing a series of source control methods including “filling, isolating, blocking, intercepting, draining, and controlling”. It also integrates physical, chemical, and biological methods for the end-of-pipe treatment of acidic mine water. This approach has been successfully applied to the management of acidic mine drainage in the Yudong River basin in Kaili, Guizhou. Long-term monitoring of the ''three-fields and four-water” revealed that rainfall significantly influences mine water quality. The study identified a “U-tube effect” whereby mine water exacerbates the pollution of karst water, leading to the development of a comprehensive prevention and control strategy termed the “three blocking (obstruction) and one guarantee” project. A comparative analysis of total iron content in the basin before and after treatment demonstrated a marked reduction, from 97.8mg/L to less than 0.3mg/L. This study provides a typical example for the prevention, control, and management of acid water pollution in karst areas across the watershed, and can serve as a reference for similar pollution management efforts.

【Objective】 The effects of Vertical-Vertical (VV) polarization, Vertical-Horizontal (VH) polarization, and dual polarization on microwave remote sensing retrieval of surface soil moisture (0-10 cm) were investigated. And analyze different data sources (Landsat-8, L8; Sentinel-2, S2) Effect of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) on the accuracy of remote sensing estimation of surface soil moisture. 【Method】 Based on the single polarization of VV and VH and the dual polarization model, NDVI and NDWI calculated by S2 and L8 were used to estimate vegetation water content (VWC), eliminate the influence of vegetation on backscattering, and obtain the soil backscattering coefficient. Then the water cloud model was used to invert the surface soil moisture in Daxing District of Beijing. 【Result】 For VV polarization, the estimation accuracy of VV+S2NDWI was best (R2=0.763, RMSE=1.55%). For VH polarization, the estimation accuracy of VH+S2NDVI was best (R2=0.622, RMSE=1.66%); The dual polarization (DP) + S2NDVI had a highest accuracy in retrieving surface soil moisture (R2=0.895, RMSE=0.89%); Compared with the NDWI, the NDVI has a better effect on removing the influence of vegetation, and the NDVI can be used to characterize the VWC. 【Conclusion】 NDVI is more suitable for removing the influence of vegetation in water cloud model, and the dual polarization method has higher accuracy in retrieving surface soil moisture.

Solving mathematical equations faster and more efficiently has been a Holy Grail for centuries for scientists and engineers across all disciplines. While electronic digital circuits have revolutionized equation solving in recent decades, it has become apparent that performance gains from brute-force approaches of compute-solvers are quickly saturating over time. Instead, paradigms that leverage the universes’ natural tendency to minimize a system’s free energy, such as annealers or Ising Machines, are being sought after due to favorable complexity scaling. Here, we introduce a programmable analog solver leveraging the formal mathematical equivalence between Maxwell’s equations and photonic circuitry. It features a mesh network of nanophotonic beams to find solutions to partial differential equations. As an example, we designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a novel application-specific photonic integrated circuit comprised of electro-optically reconfigurable nodes and experimentally validated 90 % accuracy with respect to a commercial solver. Finally, we tested this photonic integrated chip performance by simulating thermal diffusion on a spacecraft’s heat shield during re-entry to a planet’s atmosphere. The programmable light-circuitry presented herein offers a facile route for solving complex problems and thus will have profound potential applications across many scientific and engineering fields.

Electrochemical mass spectrometry is an important technique for studying the mechanism of electrochemical reactions. Mass spectrometry has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, high detection throughput and high specificity, which enables simultaneous acquisition of qualitative and quantitative informations for multiple components, making it highly valuable in the monitoring of electrochemical reaction products and the identification of intermediates. In general, electrolyte is necessary for electrochemical reaction. However, these electrolyte salts are detrimental to mass spectrometry analysis as they not only cause condensation in the mass spectrometry inlet, leading to blockage, but also impede the signal of the target analyte or form adduct ions with target analyte, resulting in a complex mass spectrum and increased analytical challenges. It is of great significance to develop a mass spectrometry method to real-time obtain trace organic components in high concentration buffer salt solutions. Therefore, a novel atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) method was developed for online analysis of trace organic components in high concentration buffer salt solutions, and a small volume flow electrolytic cell, stable performance, and simple structure were fabricated for on-line electrochemical reaction, which employed Pt, Pt and Ag/AgCl as working electrode, counter electrode and reference electrode, respectively. After combination of the APCI-MS and flow electrolytic cell, an electrochemical mass spectrometry device and method for on-line analysis of the electrochemical process in high concentration buffer salt solutions were constructed. As a proof of concept application, the device and method were used to on-line and real-time study the electrochemical oxidation process of dopamine in phosphate buffer salt solutions. The experimental results showed that the APCI-MS method can efficiently remove the inorganic salts in solutions on-line by on-line thermal deposition, while the organic components can be ionized by APCI for mass spectrometry detection. The results of dopamine electrochemical oxidation analysis showed that dopamine was not oxidized under the oxidation potential at 0 V, and only the protonated dopamine m/z 154 [M+H]+ was obtained. When the oxidation potential was +0.3 V, in addition to the protonated dopamine, the protonated peak m/z 150 [M+H]+ of dopachrome was generated by losing 4e- from dopamine, and the protonated peak m/z 303 [M+H]+ of the adduct dopachrome and dopamine formed by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding were also obtained. When the oxidation potential increased to +0.6 V, the contents of oxidation products m/z 150 and m/z 303 were further increased. The results demonstrated that this method has great application potential in studying the electrochemical reaction.

Objective To investigate the effect of the socket-shield technique (SST) concurrent with immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A case of maxillary anterior tooth stumps with a thin labial bone wall was treated with SST for preservation of labial soft and hard tissue fullness, combined with an immediate implant placement and immediate provisional crown for restoring the shape of the tooth and gingival molding. Results Immediate implant placement and provisionalization restored the morphology and function of the affected tooth in the shortest possible time. The patient's labial soft and hard tissue contours in the affected tooth area were well preserved in the 18-month follow-up after the application of the SST, which presented a better aesthetic result. The literature review indicates that the indications for SST are unrestorable maxillary anterior teeth, whose dental, periodontal and periapical tissues are healthy and intact. In the esthetic zone, root shielding is effective in maintaining the soft and hard tissue contour on the labial side of the implant. However, there is no consensus on the technical details of SST, such as the ideal coronal height and thickness of the shield, and the management of the gap between the shield and the implant. Thus, more clinical studies and histologic evidence are needed to provide a reference for clinical decision-making. In addition, digital technology can improve the accuracy of implant placement and shield preparation. Conclusion The correct application of SST combined with IIPP in the esthetic zone can ensure esthetic results. However, more high-quality evidence-based medical evidence is needed for its long-term efficacy, and indications should be strictly controlled during clinical application.

[Objective]The usual agricultural machinery navigation focuses on the tracking accuracy of the tractor, while the tracking effect of the trailed implement in the trailed agricultural vehicle is the core of the work quality. The connection mode of the tractor and the implement is non-rigid, and the implement can rotate around the hinge joint. In path tracking, this non-rigid structure, leads to the phenomenon of non-overlapping trajectories of the tractor and the implement, reduce the path tracking accuracy. In addition, problems such as large hysteresis and poor anti-interference ability are also very obvious. In order to solve the above problems, a tractor-implement path tracking control method based on variable structure sliding mode control was proposed, taking the tractor front wheel angle as the control variable and the trailed implement as the control target.[Methods]Firstly, the linear deviation model was established. Based on the structural relationship between the tractor and the trailed agricultural implements, the overall kinematics model of the vehicle was established by considering the four degrees of freedom of the vehicle: transverse, longitudinal, heading and articulation angle, ignoring the lateral force of the vehicle and the slip in the forward process. The geometric relationship between the vehicle and the reference path was integrated to establish the linear deviation model of vehicle-road based on the vehicle kinematic model and an approximate linearization method. Then, the control algorithm was designed. The switching function was designed considering three evaluation indexes: lateral deviation, course deviation and hinged angle deviation. The exponential reaching law was used as the reaching mode, the saturation function was used instead of the sign function to reduce the control variable jitter, and the convergence of the control law was verified by combining the Lyapunov function. The system was three-dimensional, in order to improve the dynamic response and steady-state characteristics of the system, the two conjugate dominant poles of the system were assigned within the required range, and the third point was kept away from the two dominant poles to reduce the interference on the system performance. The coefficient matrix of the switching function was solved based on the Ackermann formula, then the calculation formula of the tractor front wheel angle was obtained, and the whole control algorithm was designed. Finally, the path tracking control simulation experiment was carried out. The sliding mode controller was built in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the controller was composed of the deviation calculation module and the control output calculation module. The tractor-implement model in Carsim software was selected with the front car as a tractor and the rear car as the single-axle implement, and tracking control simulation tests of different reference paths were conducted in the MATLAB/Carsim co-simulation environment.[Results and Discussions]Based on the co-simulation environment, the tracking simulation experiments of three reference paths were carried out. When tracking the double lane change path, the lateral deviation and heading deviation of the agricultural implement converged to 0 m and 0° after 8 s. When the reference heading changed, the lateral deviation and heading deviation were less than 0.1 m and less than 7°. When tracking the circular reference path, the lateral deviation of agricultural machinery tended to be stable after 7 s and was always less than 0.03 m, and the heading deviation of agricultural machinery tended to be stable after 7 s and remained at 0°. The simulation results of the double lane change path and the circular path showed that the controller could maintain good performance when tracking the constant curvature reference path. When tracking the reference path of the S-shaped curve, the tracking performance of the agricultural machinery on the section with constant curvature was the same as the previous two road conditions, and the maximum lateral deviation of the agricultural machinery at the curvature change was less than 0.05 m, the controller still maintained good tracking performance when tracking the variable curvature path.[Conclusions]The sliding mode variable structure controller designed in this study can effectively track the linear and circular reference paths, and still maintain a good tracking effect when tracking the variable curvature paths. Agricultural machinery can be on-line in a short time, which meets the requirements of speediness. In the tracking simulation test, the angle of the tractor front wheel and the articulated angle between the tractor and agricultural implement are kept in a small range, which meets the needs of actual production and reduces the possibility of safety accidents. In summary, the agricultural implement can effectively track the reference path and meet the requirements of precision, rapidity and safety. The model and method proposed in this study provide a reference for the automatic navigation of tractive agricultural implement. In future research, special attention will be paid to the tracking control effect of the control algorithm in the actual field operation and under the condition of large speed changes.

The airtightness of heated tobacco product (HTP) packs is a very important indicator for the product quality and is also of great importance during the conditioning process. A method for evaluation of the airtightness was developed based on the air pressure difference in a constant pumping configuration. The essential feature of this method is that the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the HTP packs during the deflation process is used to characterize the sealing quality of HTP packs. The detailed setup, the principle as well as the determination procedure are described. The accuracy and the repeatability of the method were assessed, and the effect of airtightness on the conditioning process was also investigated. The developed method is proven to be reliable with a standard deviation less than 0.09 kPa and repeatability less than 0.30 kPa. In addition, it was found that, although the transmission of moisture between HTPs and atmosphere could not be entirely prevented by the packs, airtightness still plays a significant role during the conditioning process, especially if the airtightness was at a relatively low level (e.g., lower than 1.5 kPa under a pumping flow rate of 200 mL/min). The method provides a promising way to assess and monitor the sealing quality of HTP packs, and it is suggested that the airtightness of the pack should not be lower than 2 kPa under a pumping flow rate of 200 mL/min. [Contrib. Tob. Nicotine Res. 32 (2023) 140–145]

The profound impact of climate change on agricultural production, and the government’s fiscal expenditure for agriculture, is considered a crucial means to address this challenge. This study utilizes panel data from all prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2020. Drawing upon the Cobb–Douglas production function, an economic climate model is constructed to empirically analyze the impact of climate change on grain yield in Heilongjiang Province. Furthermore, the role of fiscal expenditure for agriculture in mitigating the effects of climate change on grain yield is explored. Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimation is employed to address issues of “heteroscedasticity,” “autocorrelation within groups,” and “cross-sectional contemporaneous correlation” present in the model. The results indicate that climate change has a positive impact on rice and corn yields, while exhibiting a negative impact on wheat yield. The influence of climate change on crop yield is both linear and nonlinear. Specifically, temperature demonstrates a linear relationship with rice and corn yields, whereas precipitation shows a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with rice and corn yields. The impact of climate change on grain production in Heilongjiang Province varies significantly across regions. Fiscal expenditure for agriculture has a significant positive effect on the yield of major grain crops in Heilongjiang Province. In addressing the impact of climate change on grain production, agricultural fiscal expenditure enhances the positive effect of precipitation on rice and corn yields, while diminishing the positive impact of temperature on corn yield.

With the rise of artificial intelligence medical device (AIMD) industry, it is urgent for stakeholders to establish consensus on the definition and concepts of AIMD quality evaluation, so as to further support the development of standards and guidelines. To break through industry bottleneck, the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) published YY/T 1833.1-2022 Artificial Intelligence Medical Device- Quality Requirements and Evaluation- Part 1: Terminology in 2022, which provides unified terminology. This standard is divided into five chapters, including a total of 158 terms that cover basic technology, data set, quality characteristics, quality evaluation and application scenario. This article introduces the general overview, the drafting history and explains its significance, with the aim of guiding the development of artificial intelligence medical device industry.

With the upgrading of machine learning technology, artificial intelligence has become an emerging direction in the field of medical devices. Especially in recent years, it has developed rapidly. In 2022, the National Medical Products Administration released the industry standard YY/T 1833 'Artificial Intelligence Medical Device-Quality Requirements and Evaluation' series, marking the initial establishment of a standard system for artificial intelligence medical devices in China. The standardization of data annotation is not only an important part of the standard system, but also determines the accuracy and reliability of reference standards, which has a significant impact on the quality of the dataset and product quality. Part 3 of 'Artificial Intelligence Medical Device-Quality Requirements and Evaluation', a general requirement for data annotation, proposes the quality requirements for artificial intelligence medical devices in the data annotation process and standardizes the evaluation methods. This paper highlights its important contents, in order to better carry out product quality control and promote high-quality development of products and industries.

Datasets, as an important resource for artificial intelligence medical device industry, have been placed under medical device supervision. National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) has published a sectoral standard named YY/T 1833.2-2022 Artificial Intelligence Medical Device-Quality Requirements and Evaluation-Part 2: General Requirement for Datasets to guide dataset quality evaluation. This standard describes dataset requirements for documentation and quality measures, proposes evaluation methods, and helps dataset producers enhance quality control from the source. It would benefit clinical agencies in dataset construction and better meet industry need. This article introduces the background and key points of the standard, in order to better guide the applications in artificial intelligence medical device industry.

Under certain solid solution time conditions, the solid solution temperature determines the degree of supersaturation and recrystallisation of the matrix after quenching, and is an important factor in enhancing the performance of the material after aging treatment. Through the solid solution heat treatment of 2050 Al-Li alloy extruded bar at different temperatures for 2 h and artificial aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 40 h, combined with a variety of property testing methods and microstructure observation methods, the effect of solid solution temperature on the microstructure and properties of 2050 Al-Li alloy extruded bar was studied. The results show that the residual phase is continuously redissolved with the increase of the solid solution temperature, and the residual phase is mainly iron-containing phase when the solid solution temperature is 525 ℃.The slight overheating structure appears in the bar when the solid solution temperature is 550 ℃, and the serious overheating structure appears in the bar when the solid solution temperature reaches 570 ℃. Local recrystallization occurs when the bar is heated to 500 ℃, and complete recrystallization occurs when the solid solution temperature reaches 570 ℃. When the 2050 Al-Li alloy extruded bars are solution treated at different temperature (450-550 ℃) and aged at 170 ℃ for 40 h, the number of θ′ and T1 phases increases with the increase of solid solution temperature, and the strength increases rapidly and then slowly, when the solution treatment temperature is 550 ℃, the yield strength and tensile strength of extruded rods are the highest, which are 505 MPa and 567 MPa, respectively; the elongation decreases rapidly at first and then remains stable with the increase of solid solution temperature, decreasing from 13.4% at 450 ℃ to 10.7%-10.4% at 500-550 ℃.

Objective To study the feasibility and effectiveness of quantitative evaluation of retinal function in blind patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by chromatic pupillometry. Methods A total of 46 blind RP patients (81 eyes) who met the legal blindness standard admitted in our department from January 2022 to December 2022 were recruited in this study.According to their best-corrected visual acuity, they were divided into the no form perception (NFP) group, faint form perception (FFP) group, and form perception (FP) group.Another 18 healthy volunteers (18 eyes) were enrolled as controls.The subjects received routine ophthalmic examinations such as color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and flash visual evoked potential (FVEP).The thickness of the outer nuclear layer of OCT, vertical diameter of the FAF high fluorescence area, and amplitude of FVEP P2 were collected.Then chromatic pupillometry was performed.The light stimulation mode of low-intensity blue light was conducted to activate rods, and of high-intensity red light to activate cones.The evaluation indexes included transient pupil construction amplitude (TPCA), latency, maximal contraction velocity (MCV), and contraction duration. Results Under the mode of low-intensity blue light stimulation, more than half of the blind RP patients had rods pupil light reaction disappeared.Under the mode of high-intensity red light stimulation, the blind RP patients though retained pupil response of cone cells to light mostly but the response was significantly weakened.Compared with the control group, the TPCA and MCV of the cones'pupillary responses were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the contraction latency was obviously higher (P < 0.05) in all RP blind groups.The NFP group had significantly lower TPCA and MCV and higher contraction latency when compared with the FP group (both P < 0.05).Positively correlations were observed in the TPCA and MCV of the cones'pupillary responses with the thickness of the outer nuclear layer of the retina, the vertical diameter of autofluorescence, and the amplitude of the FVEP P2 wave, respectively (P < 0.05).The latency of contraction was significantly negatively correlated with the thickness of the outer nuclear layer of the retina and the amplitude of FVEP P2 wave (P < 0.05). Conclusion Chromatic pupillometry can quantitatively distinguish the difference in retinal function between blind RP patients with and without formal perceptual vision.The changes in chromatic pupillometric results are consistent with the changes in retinal morphology and function.

The electro-dynamic braking capacity of hydrogen-powered autonomous-rail rapid tram is severely limited by the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage battery and the operational status of the hydrogen fuel cell. When the energy storage battery is near its full charge state and the hydrogen fuel cell continues to generate power, the storage battery is unable to store the electrical energy generated from electro-dynamic braking, leading to the failure of the electro-dynamic braking function. To maximize the electro-dynamic braking capacity of hydrogen-powered autonomous-rail rapid trams, this paper proposes an electro-dynamic braking control strategy based on pedal deceleration demand. It firstly calculates the total vehicle electro-dynamic braking force based on brake pedal stroke and load status. It then combines the current energy status of the storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell system to initiate a brake torque request to the traction system. It also calculates the electro-dynamic braking force corresponding to the deceleration required by the brake pedal stroke, optimizing the output of electro-dynamic braking force under different load, intermediate gear placement, and medium-low speed conditions. The test results show that with this electro-dynamic braking control strategy, the train fully exploits its electro-dynamic braking capacity under medium-low gear placement and medium-low speed working conditions in AW0 circumstances. It meets the design requirements for regenerative braking energy recovery of hydrogen-powered autonomous-rail rapid tram under the current electro-dynamic braking system architecture.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of group changes at the third position of the benzene ring of ferulic acid （FA） on the bitterness inhibition effect of branched chain amino acids and their flavor characteristics. Methods: FA and its phenyl ring substituted derivatives were synthesized and their structures were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The electronic tongue test was used to evaluate the improvement in the bitter taste of branched-chain amino acids by FA and its derivatives, including bitterness inhibition rate, self-flavor, and the effect on other tastes. Results: The results showed that FA and its phenyl ring substituted derivatives exhibited certain bitterness inhibition effects on branched-chain amino acids, and the bitterness inhibition effect of FA was superior to that of other derivatives at different addition amounts except for the A4 （—F） derivative, which had a similar bitterness inhibition effect on valine as FA （—OCH3） did. Conclusion: The size of molecular groups and strong electronegativity might be the key factors affecting the bitter inhibition effect, —OCH3 at position 3 on the benzene ring showed the best bitter inhibition effect.

In this study, milling large wheels for spiral bevel gears by the profile method, the effect of cutting speed, depth of cutting and feed rate on the residual stress on the machined surface is studied. According to the characteristics of spiral bevel gears machined by the forming method, a three-dimensional simulation model of bevel cutting is established to simulate the cutting process of gears, and the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cutting and coolant on the residual stresses on the surface of the workpiece are simulated using the single factor method. The simulation results show that the residual stresses on the machined surface of the spiral bevel gear are distributed in a "spoon" pattern along the depth of cut, the residual tensile stresses are on the surface, and the residual compressive stresses are on the sub-surface. The surface residual tensile stress increases with the increasing feed rate and cutting speed, the layer depth of residual stress deepens with the increasing feed, and the depth of cut has no significant effect on the residual stress. The addition of coolant reduces the residual tensile stress on the surface. Through this research, a theoretical reference is provided for the analysis of residual stresses in the cutting of spiral bevel gears.

7A85-T74 forged aluminum alloy was chosen as the experimental material, and the microstructure, tensile properties and impact energy of the alloy were investigated after 5 h of thermal exposure at room temperature to 240℃. The mechanism of the influence of the microstructure on the mechanical properties of 7A85-T74 aluminum alloy was also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the grain size of 7A85-T74 aluminum alloy does not change much in the temperature range of 80-240℃, but the precipitation phase changes significantly with the increase of temperature. Below 120℃, the precipitate size, tensile properties and impact absorption energy do not change significantly with increasing thermal exposure temperature, and the precipitation strengthening mechanism is a mixture of dislocation cutting precipitates and dislocation bypassing precipitates. With the increase of the thermal exposure temperature from 120℃ to 240℃, the precipitate average radius increases from 3.8 nm at room temperature to 12.3 nm, and the precipitate changes from η' phase to η phase. The yield strength and tensile strength of the alloy decrease significantly by 45.7% and 33.5% respectively compared with that of room temperature and the elongation, reduction of area and impact energy of the alloy increase significantly. The precipitation strengthening mechanism changes to dislocation bypassing precipitates, and the fracture mode changes from mixed fracture consisting of intergranular fracture and dimple transgranular fracture to dimple transgranular fracture. The effect of precipitate size on the strength and impact energy of the alloy discusses based on the precipitation strengthening theory, and the results of the theoretical analysis are consistent with the experimental results.

Abstract Background Small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) is a structurally abnormal chromosome of unknown origin by conventional cytogenetics. The understanding of clinical significance of sSMC is still limited in prenatal diagnosis. The presence of sSMC poses a challenge for genetic counselling. Methods We obtained the clinical information of 25 cases with sSMC. The fetal samples were subjected to multiple molecular and cytogenetic approaches including karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis, bacterial artificial chromosomes-on-beads assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results Seven sSMCs were found to be r(X), and five of the cases terminated the pregnancy. Three markers were idic(15), and one of the cases was normal at birth. Two markers were i(12p), and both cases terminated the pregnancy. Other markers were r(Y) (outcome: normal at birth), i(18p) (outcome: stillbirth), der(15) (outcome: terminated), del(9) (outcome: terminated), dup(13) (outcome: follow-up loss), and derived from chromosome 21 (outcome: stillbirth). Seven markers were of unknown origin because not all methods were applied to them. Conclusion Applying multiple molecular and cytogenetic approaches could identify the origin and genetic content of sSMC to assist the genetic counselling in prenatal diagnosis.

Nowadays, public opinions during public emergencies involve not only textual contents but also contain images. However, the existing works mainly focus on textual contents and they do not provide a satisfactory accuracy of sentiment analysis, lacking the combination of multimodal contents. In this paper, we propose to combine texts and images generated in the social media to perform sentiment analysis.

The visualization of pure phase objects by wavefront sensing has important applications ranging from surface profiling to biomedical microscopy, and generally requires bulky and complicated setups involving optical spatial filtering, interferometry, or structured illumination. Here we introduce a new type of image sensors that are uniquely sensitive to the local direction of light propagation, based on standard photodetectors coated with a specially designed plasmonic metasurface that creates an asymmetric dependence of responsivity on angle of incidence around the surface normal. The metasurface design, fabrication, and angle-sensitive operation are demonstrated using a simple photoconductive detector platform. The measurement results, combined with computational imaging calculations, are then used to show that a standard camera or microscope based on these metasurface pixels can directly visualize phase objects without any additional optical elements, with state-of-the-art minimum detectable phase contrasts below 10 mrad. Furthermore, the combination of sensors with equal and opposite angular response on the same pixel array can be used to perform quantitative phase imaging in a single shot, with a customized reconstruction algorithm which is also developed in this work. By virtue of its system miniaturization and measurement simplicity, the phase imaging approach enabled by these devices is particularly significant for applications involving space-constrained and portable setups (such as point-of-care imaging and endoscopy) and measurements involving freely moving objects.

The bevel gears are the core components of inter-axle differential. The reliability of the bevel gears will affect the differential function and transmission capacity between different drive axles. Focusing on improving the fatigue life of bevel gears from the point of gears' backlash control, the issue that the selection of backlash for bevel gears are ambiguous during the actual application is resolved. Adopting a modular design concept, establish a backlash control dimension chain, and propose a method of adding steps on the input shaft to accurately control the backlash of bevel gears; through the fatigue life test rig of the interaxle differential bevel gear, the optimal control range for the total backlash of the interaxle differential bevel gear is explored to be [0.30, 0.60] mm; it is known that the change in backlash has a significant impact on the contact fatigue life of bevel gears and the bending fatigue life of tooth roots, and reasonable backlash control can increase the contact fatigue life of tooth surfaces by 29%. The research provides theoretical and experimental basis for improving the fatigue life of bevel gears in the inter axle differential.

Nowadays, angiogenesis has gradually become one of the most popular research directions of cancer since Jodah Folkman put forward a theory about that tumor development needs angiogenesis. Meanwhile, relevant research methods are enriched step by step. In this paper, we have made a systematic review to provide methodological references for subsequent studies about tumor angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy.

Objective： Optimize the preparation process of salt-soluble porcine liver protein and improve the utilization rate of porcine liver by-products. Methods： Taking the extraction rate as the index, the effects of NaCl concentration, pH, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction rate of SSLP were analyzed, and the optimal preparation process was determined by orthogonal rotation optimization test. Taking water soluble liver proteins （WSLP） as the control, the functional characteristics （solubility, foaming, foam stability, emulsification, emulsification stability, etc.） of SSLP were compared and analyzed, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） was used, the structural changes were analyzed by low field nuclear magnetic resonance （LF-NMR） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Results： The optimum extraction process of SSLP was NaCl concentration 0.4 mol/L, pH 8, extraction time 12.95 h, solid-liquid ratio 1∶4.6 (g/mL), and the extraction rate was 10.60%. FT-IR analysis showed that the absorption peak of characteristic functional groups of SSLP was obvious and in the secondary structure β-The relative content of corner was 39.91%, α-The relative content of helix was 13.55%, β-The relative content of folding was 21.32%, and the relative content of random curl was 25.23%; LF-NMR analysis showed that SSLP had higher bound water and higher water retention; DSC results showed that the denaturation temperature of SSLP was 78.68 ℃. Conclusion： SSLP prepared under optimal process conditions has better solubility, foaming, emulsification and emulsification stability than WSLP, which is a high-quality source for the development of pig liver protein products.

Objective·To explore the regulatory effect of miR-185-5p on autophagy in Mycobacterium-infected macrophages and its influence on the survival of intracellular Mycobacterium.Methods·Macrophages derived from human monocytic-leukemia (THP-1) cells were infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain. Exosomes from cell culture supernatant were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and exosome surface marker proteins, size and morphology were detected by Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The expression level of miR-185-5p in both macrophages and exosomes was detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The exosomes were labeled with the fluorescent dye PKH26 and co-cultured with macrophages to observe the phagocytosis of exosomes by macrophages. Subsequently, the overexpression and inhibition of miR-185-5p in macrophages were achieved by transfecting cells with miR-185-5p mimic and inhibitor, and the influence of miR-185-5p on intracellular BCG survival was detected by colony-forming units (CFU) assay. Autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein was detected by Western blotting.The effects of overexpression and inhibition of miR-185-5p and the use of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on macrophage autophagy were studied. The SensGFP-StubRFP-LC3 lentvirus was further employed to detect the effect of miR-185-5p on autophagic flux. Finally, TargetScan, miRDB and Starbase databases were used to predict the target genes of miR-185-5p, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis of these predicted target genes.Results·The macrophage exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Exosome marker proteins cluster differentiation 9 (CD9) and tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) were successfully detected by Western blotting. The exosomes had a bilayer membrane with a diameter of approximately 150 nm through TEM and NTA identification. After BCG infection, the expression of miR-185-5p was up-regulated in both macrophages and exosomes (P=0.000), and showed a time-dependent increase in macrophages. Exosomes, which were co-cultured with macrophages, can be phagocytized by macrophages. Compared with respective control of mimic and inhibitor, mimic significantly up-regulated miR-185-5p expression (P=0.000), while inhibitor inhibited miR-185-5p expression (P=0.002). miR-185-5p mimic significantly increased the number of CFU of intracellular BCG (P=0.000), while miR-185-5p inhibitor decreased the number of CFU (P=0.041). BCG infection up-regulated the expression of autophagy protein LC3Ⅱ in macrophages, while LC3Ⅱ expression was decreased by miR-185-5p mimic and increased by miR-185-5p inhibitor. CQ treatment combined with miR-185-5p inhibitor transfection still significantly increased LC3Ⅱ expression in macrophages. The SensGFP-StubRFP-LC3 lentivirus was further used to detect autophagy flux, and it was suggested that, compared with that in the respective control group, mimic significantly reduced the formation of autophagosomes (P=0.034), while inhibitor increased the formation of autophagosomes (P=0.042). Through target genes prediction and GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis, it was found that miR-185-5p might play a role in autophagy regulation by targeting nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), Ras-related protein Rab-35 (RAB35), cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42), etc.Conclusion·Mycobacterium infection can induce the up-regulation of miR-185-5p in both macrophages and exosomes, and miR-185-5p can inhibit the autophagy process of macrophages by inhibiting the formation of autophagosomes, which can promote the growth and survival of intracellular Mycobacterium.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HucMSCs-exos) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats based on ferroptosis-related SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. Methods HucMSCs were cultured and exosomes were obtained through differential centrifugation. The morphology of exosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the particle size was detected by nanoparticle tracking technology. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of surface marker proteins. The rat model of renal I/R injury was established by clamping both kidneys for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Thirty male SD rats (7 to 8 weeks old, 200 to 230 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6): Sham group, Sham+erastin group (SLC7A11 inhibitor), I/R group, Exo group, and Exo+erastin group. The Sham+erastin and Exo+erastin groups were intraperitoneally injected with erastin 10 mg/kg 30 min before modeling. The Exo group and Exo+erastin group were injected with HucMSCs-exos 20 μg via caudal vein 15 min before renal pedicle clamping. The renal samples were harvested 24 h after recovery and reperfusion. The levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected. HE staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the kidney tissue, and Paller score were calculated. The levels of ferroptosis-related markers, divalent ferrous ion (Fe2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in the renal tissues were detected. Western blotting was used to assess the expression levels of the ferroptosis-related protein SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the kidney tissue. Results Compared with the Sham group, increased serum BUN and Cr levels (P < 0.05), obvious pathological injury in kidney tissue, elevated Paller score, Fe2+ and MDA contents (P < 0.05), increased ROS level (P < 0.05), and decreased GSH content and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein levels (P < 0.05) were observed in the I/R group. Exo treatment reversed above changes when compared with the I/R group (all P < 0.05). The protective effects of HucMSCs-exo on ferroptosis and renal I/R injury were significantly attenuated by administration of erastin, a SLC7A11 inhibitor. Conclusions HucMSCs-exos can significantly attenuate renal I/R injury and play a protective role, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis by up-regulating the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.

In current coal mine data acquisition, fusion, and sharing, there are problems of lack of standardization and semantic inconsistency in device attributes, inability to cross operating systems in data acquisition protocols, poor real-time data access, and low data sharing efficiency. In order to solve the above problems, a coal mine data acquisition, fusion, and sharing system based on object model is designed. On the basis of the coding standard for coal mine data based on tag numbers, a device object model is designed to overcome the problems of lack of standardization of device attributes and semantic inconsistency in device attributes. By using industrial protocol acquisition, Restful API Q&A acquisition, and file data acquisition methods for data access, it can support domestic operating systems and provide convenient message monitoring tools to accurately determine the cause of communication abnormalities. The model implements data fusion through device object model mapping, introduces data governance mechanisms to ensure data accuracy and consistency, and stores data in the form of object models to save storage space and improve storage efficiency. The model stores all device object data in one table. The object-oriented data sharing interface can be simplified into real-time data sharing interface and historical data sharing interface, reducing redundant interfaces and thus reducing data access times. The application results show that the system reduces the difficulty of semantic parsing during data usage after standardizing device data. The system improves the performance of data computation, storage, and access, providing guarantees for big data analysis.

In the context of global climate warming, the propagation of meteorological drought (MD) may aggravate the devastating impact of hydrological drought (HD) on water security and sustainable development. There are challenges in accurately predicting the propagation of drought and effectively quantifying the effects of uncertainty, especially in data-deficient regions. In this study, a novel method called RFCFA is developed through integrating random forest (RF), copula, and factorial analysis (FA) into a general framework as well as applied to the Aral Sea Basin (a typical arid and data-scarce basin in Central Asia) under considering the impact of climate change. Several findings can be summarized: (1) the projected future drought propagation probability of ASB is 39.2%, which is about 8% higher than historical level; (2) drought propagation is mainly affected by mean climate condition, catchment characteristics (i.e., elevation, LUCC, and slope), and human activities (i.e., irrigation and reservoir operation); (3) the lower propagation probability in spring is expected under SSP1-2.6 due to increased snow meltwater, and the drought propagation probability in autumn is the highest (reaching 45.4%) under the influence of reservoir operation; (4) the combined effects of meteorological conditions and agricultural irrigation can lead to a higher probability of future propagation in the upper river basin in summer. Findings are valuable for predicting drought propagation risk, revealing main factors and inherent uncertainties, as well as providing support for drought management and disaster prevention.

Queuing theory is used to classify the regularity of educational resource allocation by hierarchy in this paper. The Poisson distribution is used to label the resource queue interval parameters to obtain the expected value of individual queues. The average delay of each class of packets can be reasonably predicted by concatenating individual resources using the Lagrange multiplier algorithm. The load balancing algorithm in each queueing series calculates the average arrival rate of task requests to achieve an optimal model design. The results show that, under the guidance of queuing theory, the coefficient of variance in the participation of Chinese university students in global education governance is reduced by 0.25% on average, and the average of comprehensive efficiency reaches about 1.01%, which realizes the optimal and reasonable allocation of resources.

This paper constructs a carbon trading market trade-off problem model based on the time-constrained relationship of process families in RSM. By analyzing the repetitive construction project processes, linear, block, and strip processes are refined. The time-constrained relationship between process families in the RSM is studied, and the expression formula is derived. Process continuity and resource continuity in repetitive construction projects are analyzed to reduce the time required to complete a unit of work. The process duration of the project is determined by optimizing the amount of new resources and human resources used. The results show that when the length of the carbon emission interval is at (0.5, 2]t, when the length of the carbon emission interval is small, the role of RSM process time carbon trading price is larger.

Objective: While long-term dynamic breath-holding training has been extensively studied to enhance cardiopulmonary function in athletes, limited research has explored the impact of a single breath-holding session on subsequent athletic capacity. In addition, Dry Dynamic Apnea (DA) has a more immediate physiological response than wet and static breath-holding. This study aims to assess the immediate effects of a single session of DA on the aerobic power and hematological parameters of elite athletes.Methods: Seventeen elite male rugby athletes (average age 23.5 ± 1.8) participated in this study. Two warm-up protocols were employed prior to incremental exercise: a standard warm-up (10 min of no-load pedaling) and a DA warm-up (10 min of no-load pedaling accompanied by six maximum capacity breath holds, with 30 s between each breath hold). Fingertip blood indicators were measured before and after warm-up. The incremental exercise test assessed aerobic parameters with self-regulation applied throughout the study.Results: Compared to the baseline warm-up, the DA warm-up resulted in a significant increase in VO2peak from 3.14 to 3.38 L/min (7.64% change, p < 0.05). HRmax increased from 170 to 183 bpm (7.34% change, p < 0.05), and HRpeak increased from 169 to 182 bpm (7.52% change, p < 0.05). Hematocrit and hemoglobin showed differential changes between the two warm-up methods (PHematocrit = 0.674; Phemoglobin = 0.707).Conclusion: This study investigates how DA influences physiological factors such as spleen contraction, oxygen uptake, and sympathetic nerve activation compared to traditional warm-up methods. Immediate improvements in aerobic power suggest reduced vagus nerve stimulation, heightened sympathetic activity, and alterations in respiratory metabolism induced by the voluntarily hypoxia-triggered warm-up. Further research is warranted to comprehensively understand these physiological responses and optimize warm-up strategies for elite athletic performance.

The oxidation of natural rubber (NR) leads to a decrease in mechanical properties, even resulting in failure of NR products. Many studies focusing on this single factor have failed to fully elucidate the impact of tropical island environment on NR properties. Based on this concern, the synergistic effect of thermal oxygen and ultraviolet (UV) aging on NR was systematically studied. The results revealed that thermal oxygenation can promote UV aging, which leads to the appearance of surface cracks and deepening of color. With the extension of aging time, the mechanical properties of NR correspondingly decreased. Besides, to deeply understand the mechanism of the synergistic effect of thermal oxygen and UV aging on NR, we selected squalene to simulate and analyze the molecular structure changes in NR. Based on these results, a possible synergistic effect of thermal oxygen and UV aging mechanisms on NR could be proposed.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of upper lip pressure on the maxilla in patients with a unilateral alveolar cleft and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A 3D finite element maxillary model was generated based on cone beam CT (CBCT) data from an 11-year-old female patient with a unilateral alveolar cleft. Two different kinds of upper lip pressure, postsurgery pressure and normal pressure, were applied to the model. The displacement and stress of each reference node were compared and analyzed. Results By loading upper lip pressure, the maxillary alveolar crest rotated toward the defect and was displaced downward and backward. The displacement of the noncleft side was greater than that of the cleft side and it decreased gradually from the anterior to the posterior. The stress was concentrated on the anterior portion of the alveolar crest. The stress on the noncleft side was greater than that on the cleft side and it decreased gradually from the anterior to the posterior. The maximum stress was concentrated on the palate around the defect. The displacement and stress in the postsurgery group were greater than those of the normal group (P

ObjectiveTo identify 1-（4-fluorophenyl）-2-（1-pyrrolidinyl） pentan-1-one （4-F-α-PVP） analog 1-（4-fluoro-3-methyl phenyl）-2-（1-pyrrolidinyl） pentan-1-one （4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP） hydrochloride without reference substance.MethodsThe direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry （EI-MS）, GC-MS, electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry （ESI-HRMS）, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-HRMS/MS）, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, ion chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） were integrated utilized to achieve the structural analysis and characterization of the unknown compound in the sample, and the cleavage mechanism of the fragment ions was deduced by EI-MS and UPLC-HRMS/MS.ResultsBy analyzing the direct-injection EI-MS, GC-MS, ESI-HRMS and UPLC-HRMS/MS of the compound in the samples, it was concluded that the unknown compound was a structural analog of 4-F-α-PVP, possibly with one more methyl group in the benzene ring. According to the analysis results of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, it was further proved that the methyl group is located at the 3-position of the benzene ring. Since the actual number of hydrogen in 1H-NMR analysis was one more than 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP neutral molecule, it was inferred that the compound existed in the form of salt. Ion chromatography analysis results showed that the compound contained chlorine anion （content 11.14%-11.16%）, with the structural analysis of main functional group information by FTIR, the unknown compound was finally determined to be 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP hydrochloride.ConclusionA comprehensive method using EI-MS, GC-MS, ESI-HRMS, UPLC-HRMS/MS, NMR, ion chromatography and FTIR to identify 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP hydrochloride in samples is established, which will be helpful for the forensic science laboratory to identify this compound or other analog compounds.

DC distribution network is the main development direction of the power distribution system. Due to the influence of electronic equipment and other factors, the system is very easy to produce second harmonics, which seriously affects the stability of the system and the safety of electrical equipment. Multi-filter collaborative filtering in DC distribution network has become one of the methods to control the second harmonic. However, due to the coupling interference between the filters, the filtering effect is affected by multiple factors. This paper establishes a Norton equivalent grid-connected model of multiple filters and proposes a method for analyzing the interaction mechanism of multiple filters based on the relative gain matrix theory. This method establishes the matrix relationship between the change in the output current of the filter and the change in the harmonic source current and analyzes the influence of the grid parameters and controller parameters in the multi-filter grid-connected system on the filtering effect of the filter, and proposes a reasonable parameter selection method. Finally, this paper establishes a DC distribution network model with multiple DC filters in PSCAD/EMTDC, and simulates the parameters affecting the filtering effect and verifies the rationality of the analysis in the scenario of multiple harmonic sources. In addition, it builds a semi-physical simulation model in RT-LAB to further verify the effectiveness of the method.