Search

The treatment and resource utilization of a large amount of anaerobically treated livestock and poultry manure has become a significant research focus in sewage treatment due to the rapid expansion of large-scale livestock and poultry farms in China. This article discussed the drawbacks and limitations of traditional biochemical treatment methods and microalgae technology in biogas slurry resource treatment, and explored the emergence and progression of bacteria-algae symbiosis technology in this area. The research status of bacteria-algae symbiosis technology were systematically examined, including the development and application of reactors, the selection of functional bacterial and algal species, the determination of bacteria-algae inoculation ratio, and the development of bacteria-algae granular sludge, all based on the mechanism and efficiency of biogas slurry treatment. Additionally, the research direction of bacteria-algae symbiosis technology in the field of biogas slurry treatment and resource utilization was analyzed, emphasizing the potential of bacteria-algae granular sludge resource utilization technology as a pivotal research area in biogas slurry resource treatment technology.

The research on recycling has become the focus of the research direction of aerobic granular sludge（AGS） technology，and alginate-like exopolysaccharides（ALE） extracted from AGS is considered to be one of the most valuable recyclable resources in AGS. At present，the technological revolution of sewage treatment plant focuses on the recovery of high value-added products，the recovery and application of ALE has formed a clear path. Based on the formation mechanism and components of aerobic granular sludge，this paper analyzed the unique structure and properties of ALE，summarized the recovery and evaluation methods of ALE at home and abroad，and discussed the effects of factors such as organic load rate，carbon to nitrogen ratio，salinity，particle size and sludge residence time on ALE production. Synchronous recovery of ALE and other value-added products was described. Finally，by discussing the wide application range and actual economic value of ALE，the potential research direction of ALE in the reclamation of AGS was put forward.

In order to further study the seepage law of coal rock and gas under the comprehensive action of multiple factors, a stress and temperature coupling seepage characteristics experimental device was self-developed. The device has obvious advantages: it can be used to simulate the in-situ geological condition of coal reservoir, and carry out the experiment of gas seepage characteristics of coal and rock under the coupling action of temperature, water content, in-situ stress and gas injection pressure, and the design of back pressure control system ensures that the seepage experimental characteristics of coal and rock accord with the actual situation of coal mine. At the same time, the experimental study on the gas seepage characteristics under the multi-factor comprehensive action is carried out with the device. The results showed that: under the conditions of constant temperature and gas injection pressure, with the increase of loading stress, the permeability of coal sample decreases significantly, but when the increase of loading stress is the same, the decrease of permeability is obviously smaller; the permeability of the coal sample gradually decreases with the increase of the water content, but the decreasing trend will gradually slow down, and the two are in line with the negative correlation change law.

Abstract Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as a significant pathogen causing large outbreaks in China for the past 3 years. Developing an EV71 vaccine is urgently needed to stop the spread of the disease; however, the adaptive immune response of humans to EV71 infection remains unclear. We examined the neutralizing antibody titers in HFMD patients and compared them to those of asymptomatic healthy children and young adults. We found that 80% of HFMD patients became positive for neutralizing antibodies against EV71 (GMT = 24.3) one day after the onset of illness. The antibody titers in the patients peaked two days (GMT = 79.5) after the illness appeared and were comparable to the level of adults (GMT = 45.2). Noticeably, the antibody response was not correlated with disease severity, suggesting that cellular immune response, besides neutralizing antibodies, could play critical role in controlling the outcome of EV71 infection in humans.

Abstract Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), a common contagious disease that usually affects children, is normally mild but can have life-threatening manifestations. It can be caused by enteroviruses, particularly Coxsackieviruses and human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) with highly variable clinical manifestations. In the spring of 2008, a large, unprecedented HFMD outbreak in Fuyang city of Anhui province in the central part of southeastern China resulted in a high aggregation of fatal cases. In this study, epidemiologic and clinical investigations, laboratory testing, and genetic analyses were performed to identify the causal pathogen of the outbreak. Of the 6,049 cases reported between 1 March and 9 May of 2008, 3023 (50%) were hospitalized, 353 (5.8%) were severe and 22 (0.36%) were fatal. HEV71 was confirmed as the etiological pathogen of the outbreak. Phylogenetic analyses of entire VP1 capsid protein sequence of 45 Fuyang HEV71 isolates showed that they belong to C4a cluster of the C4 subgenotype. In addition, genetic recombinations were found in the 3D region (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a major component of the viral replication complex of the genome) between the Fuyang HEV71 strain and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), resulting in a recombination virus. In conclusion, an emerging recombinant HEV71 was responsible for the HFMD outbreak in Fuyang City of China, 2008.

In order to analyze the different types of influence of human disturbance on plant communities in the Yellow River wetland and the relevant mechanisms, three wetlands in Zhengzhou section which were respectively affected by agricultural planting, reservoir construction and building construction, were selected after conducting a large number of field investigations. After measuring the plant communities and related environmental factors, redundancy analysis was carried out based on human pressure index evaluation system. The results showed that the whole wetland plant community showed an obvious degradation trend, and the function of productivity maintenance decreased. For the sample land with different types of human disturbance, the severity of human disturbance varied from the disturbance caused by reservoir construction to agricultural planting, and building construction. With intensification of the severity of human disturbance, the similarity coefficients of plant communities in different wetlands declined successively, and the species richness index of wetland in Bird Nature Reserve and Taipingzhuang North wetland decreased by 15. 98% and 37. 05%, respectively, compared with the Taohuayu wetland, indicating that the overall construction of wetland plant communities gradually became simpler. Among the many factors causing wetland degradation, the change of ammonium nitrogen content in soil had a significant negative correlation with species diversity index and species evenness index, and was one of the main reasons for wetland plant degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]