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Objective: College students and Latina/o individuals are disproportionately affected by adverse consequences related to risky sex, highlighting the importance of examining sociocultural factors related to risky sexual variables among Latina/o college students. We explored the link between machismo (a bidimensional form of masculinity often ascribed to Latino men) and risky sexual outcomes among Latino college men. Methods: Latino college men responded to an online study assessing two dimensions of machismo, and risky sexual cognitions (eg, risky sexual intentions) and behavior (eg, condom use). Results: Among our findings, a hypermasculine dimension of machismo predicted greater intentions to engage in risky sex, and more positive condom use attitudes. A dimension of machismo characterized by respect and chivalry predicted more frequent condom use. Conclusions: These findings indicate the relation between machismo and risky sex among Latino college men is complex, underscoring the need for sociocultural considerations in culturally tailored collegiate sexual-risk prevention programs.

Delay discounting is associated with body mass index (BMI), with individuals who discount more having higher BMIs. This same relationship was found when a social component was added during a social temporal discounting procedure. However, no study has tested whether the social component by itself is related to BMI. The current study tested the relationships between social discounting, delay discounting, and BMI. Eight hundred seven undergraduates completed delay and social discounting measures, and a demographic questionnaire from which BMI was calculated. Social discounting was not significantly related to age-adjusted or non-age-adjusted BMI. However, using non-age-adjusted BMI scores and dichotomizing individuals as either non-obese/obese resulted in a significant relationship between social discounting and BMI in the predicted direction, whereby participants with a higher BMI shared significantly more than non-obese individuals. Consistent with previous research, there was a significant relationship between delay discounting and BMI, and a significant correlation between delay and social discounting. Additionally, participants with low BMI (< 18.5) appeared to substantially contribute to the significant results. The current results replicated a previous delay discounting and BMI relationship, but also demonstrate the need to standardize how BMI is calculated and focus on participants with low BMI in relation to discounting measures.Keywords Altruism * BMI * Discounting * Self-control * Sharing, Food and eating are an important aspect of our everyday lives. Beyond providing the essential nutrients for sustaining life, eating and food sharing are incorporated within a larger social system [...]

In the United States, more than 12% of the population will experience thyroid dysfunction. Patient symptoms often reported with thyroid dysfunction include fatigue and weight change. However, little is understood about the relationship between these symptoms documented in the outpatient setting and ordering patterns for thyroid testing among various patient groups by age and sex. We developed a natural language processing and deep learning pipeline to identify patient-reported outcomes of weight change and fatigue among patients with a thyroid stimulating hormone test. We built upon prior works by comparing 5 open-source, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to determine which models could accurately identify these symptoms from clinical texts. For both fatigue (f) and weight change (wc), Bio_ClinicalBERT achieved the highest F1-score (f: 0.900; wc: 0.906) compared BERT (f: 0.899; wc: 0.890), DistilBERT (f: 0.852; wc: 0.912), Biomedical RoBERTa (f: 0.864; wc: 0.904), and PubMedBERT (f: 0.882; wc: 0.892). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide remains the second leading cause of death among young adults aged 15 years and older. Given its negative impact, it is essential to conduct studies that offer a greater understanding of the reasons young adults give for not engaging in suicide-related behaviors. The Reasons for Living Inventory for Young Adults is designed to explore this idea. This novel 24-item instrument measures four protective dimensions of reasons: Peer Acceptance and Support, Family Sources of Support, Faith-Related Support, and Personal Perceived Strength. The current investigations include two validation studies designed to examine further the psychometric properties of this instrument. Participants were undergraduate students at a state university in the U.S. Southwest. The first aim of the study was to evaluate the dimensionality of the instrument. We used confirmatory and bifactor confirmatory factor analyses to address this goal. The second aim was to examine the evidence for reliability estimates and concurrent validity. Results from both studies provided adequate support for a four-factor model across methods, acceptable internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity for the dimensions of this instrument. Public Significance Statement : Suicide remains a significant mental health concern for young adults. The present studies found empirical support for the psychometric properties of a new measure for assessing four dimensions of the target construct: Peer-Acceptance and Social Support, Family Sources of Support, Faith-Related Support, and Personal Perceived Strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is prevalent in the United States, and could interfere with many aspects of a person's life. Although numerous psychological instruments have been developed to measure presence and intensity levels of social anxiety, these instruments fail to capture the range of responses individuals use to mitigate the negative affect associated with the anxiety, namely alcohol use and anger distress. Recently, the Multidimensional Social Anxiety Response Inventory–21 (MSARI–21) was developed to address this limitation and increase our understanding of the complexity of social anxiety. We expand on this work by evaluating the psychometric properties of the instrument, using a combination of exploratory structural equation and bifactor modeling, and item response techniques. Across 2 studies, data indicated the presence of a strong, 3-factor structure (i.e., anger distress, alcohol reliance, and social avoidance), strong internal consistency, and evidence of both convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, results showed that the MSARI–21 multidimensional structure was invariant across gender. We conclude that the MSARI–21 is a valid and valuable tool for assessing individuals' responses to social anxiety, and that future research should evaluate the instrument within other samples to ensure its utility across clinical and subclinical populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the implication of the case "Gates v. Cook," alleging violation of the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. constitution for prison conditions, for the state prison system in Mississippi. It is asserted that the state has proven itself to be ineffective in protecting the right of the prisoners that federalism concerns arise for these people under confinement. In addition, a more flexible standard that could alleviate the recent condition of state prisons is suggested.

In the United States, more than 12% of the population will experience thyroid dysfunction. Patient symptoms often reported with thyroid dysfunction include fatigue and weight change. However, little is understood about the relationship between these symptoms documented in the outpatient setting and ordering patterns for thyroid testing among various patient groups by age and sex. We developed a natural language processing and deep learning pipeline to identify patient-reported outcomes of weight change and fatigue among patients with a thyroid stimulating hormone test. We built upon prior works by comparing 5 open-source, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to determine which models could accurately identify these symptoms from clinical texts. For both fatigue (f) and weight change (wc), Bio&#95;ClinicalBERT achieved the highest F1-score (f: 0.900; wc: 0.906) compared BERT (f: 0.899; wc: 0.890), DistilBERT (f: 0.852; wc: 0.912), Biomedical RoBERTa (f: 0.864; wc: 0.904), and PubMedBERT (f: 0.882; wc: 0.892).