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This research employed the Anker and Anker (2017) methodology to measure the living wage and assess the socioeconomic reproduction capacity of workers at the lowest wage level. This measurement compares the contractual wage with the minimum wage, the extreme urban poverty and the urban poverty wage and calculates the percentage increase needed to come close to a living wage. The results reveal that the contractual wage is 47% above the minimum wage, 48% above the extreme urban poverty wage, but 4% below the urban poverty wage. And it is significantly below the living wage, with a deficit of 49%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated Generation Z's perspectives on abolishing the minimum wage in the Philippines and their understanding of the Singaporean Progressive Wage Model (PWM). Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, the study distributed a structured questionnaire to a stratified sample of 600 respondents born between 1997 and 2012. This approach ensured diverse demographic representation across gender, socioeconomic status, education level, and geographic location. Findings indicate a pronounced resistance to the elimination of the minimum wage, with widespread concerns over potential economic instability and increased wage disparity under alternative models such as the PWM. Nonetheless, the PWM received favorable evaluations for its potential to enhance stability (75%), employment conditions (60%), and worker well-being (45%). Conclusively, the study underscores the necessity for improved public education concerning wage models and advocates for policy adjustments tailored to the local socioeconomic landscape to address Generation Z's concerns effectively. Such strategic initiatives are essential for cultivating a more inclusive and equitable labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research in this article aims to find out whether the mechanism implemented in determining the minimum wage for the City of Surakarta in 2022 is or is not in accordance with Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021 concerning Wages, and to analyze whether or not the decision of the minimum wage for the City of Surakarta in 2022 has fulfilled the principles of expendiency and fairness for workers and employers. This research uses a type of empirical legal research with a descriptive nature, then the data is analyzed qualitatively. The study shows the results that the mechanism for determining the minimum wage for the city of Surakarta in 2022 is normatively not fully in accordance with Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021 concerning Wages. In addition, the decision of the Surakarta Minimum Wage for 2022 has not been able to fulfill the principles of expendiency and fairness for workers and employers, due to significant changes in the mechanism for setting the city's minimum wage for 2022 and the role of workers and employers in the city minimum wage setting process is still strictly limited by applicable regulations.

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Industrial relations scholars are paying increasing attention to the role of ideas in explaining shifts in bargaining systems and wage policies. This article contributes to this growing body of literature by conducting a meso-level analysis of the uses and impacts of ideas in wage regulation policy processes in coordinated market economies. Through our in-depth case study of the Finnish policy process leading to the Competitiveness Pact of 2016, we argue that certain ideas – which we call the 'economic outlook' – prescribed and legitimized exhausting institutional resources in wage regulation and enabled temporary consensus among divergent interests regarding wage policy. The economic outlook linked and enabled compromises between wage policy and wage regulation interests and effectively solidified a commitment to an uncertain policy process. The case study suggests that an ideational analysis of policy processes can offer explanations for shifts in wage policy and regulation that deviate from macro-level regime shifts. While all Nordic countries have faced similar economic and institutional reform pressures, Finland's readoption of centralized bargaining shows that national policy ideas can drive distinct industrial relations patterns within the Nordic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Discussion Papers is the property of Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we present aspects regarding the development of the human resources budget, the calculation methods for the wage bill and the decisions related to the wage policy, alongside a series of examples, in order to convey a better understanding of the topic.

The aim of the work is to highlight the methodological and methodical aspects, and the results of studying labor remuneration in terms of implementing the principles of decent work in Ukraine. The necessity of implementing the concept of decent work and its payment into the practice of social and labor relations is substantiated. The methodological basis for developing tools to assess wages in terms of implementing the principles of decent work is formulated. Indicators and standards of decent wages for the macro level are proposed. Based on the results of the expert survey, the reliability of the formed indicators and their weights are determined. Various methodological approaches to calculating single indices of decent wages are proposed depending on the specifics of the indicators, units of measurement, established standards, and the availability of a basis for comparison. The article contains the methodology for determining a composite indicator of decent wages, which can be used to carry out a comparative analysis of the wage policy of various countries and their ranking. Ranges of values for the composite indicator of decent wages are developed to determine its level and trends in labor remuneration. The results of assessing wages in terms of implementing the principles of decent work in Ukraine showed that single indices have zero values for most indicators. The composite indicator of decent wages at the macro level corresponds to the level “below average”, which indicates a number of shortcomings in the wage policy in Ukraine. The results of the study indicate a lack of attention of government bodies, enterprise managers, and social partnership parties to wage management issues, which requires developing innovative mechanisms for the formation of wage policy based on decent work.

The aim of the article is to present quantitative development of wages and incentive instruments in the Czech Republic during the recent period and at the same time to provide an insight into the emerging changes in the labor market brought by the industry and the construction industry digitization. Strong demand for increased corporate social responsibility of the companies in the technical, economic and environmental protection and care sectors, and in particular in mutual communication between market partners, has had and will have an impact on wage policy and creation of employer wage systems. This article briefly gives the insight into what visions and strategies this situation brings into the construction industry field.

Since the 1990s and even more so since the introduction of the euro, European trade unions have been committed to the transnational coordination of wage demands. This commitment has prevailed until today although, under conditions of persistent institutional heterogeneity, coordination attempts have continuously failed. Keeping the commitment nevertheless alive aims at retaining the option of effective wage coordination for the long-term future. In the short to medium term, in contrast, no evidence suggests that transnational wage coordination will be able to correct the distorted real effective exchange rates that have emerged since the introduction of the euro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's new wage policy mechanism made a new history since Joko Widodo (Jokowi) became President. The first minimum wages policy in Indonesia was implemented in 1969 in which the determination comes from society's monthly necessities through a discussion involving labor, employer, and state, it is known that the determination is no longer using aforementioned variables but it is rather based on a market-standard formula. This paper exploring the logic political-economic of wage policies implementation based on neoliberalism in the first presidency of Jokowi, which has implications for affirming cheap wages policies. This research uses a qualitative method by comparing two regions with different economic bases, namely Bekasi as the largest industrial area in Southeast Asia and Yogyakarta as the province with the highest national economy inequality and the cheapest national minimum wage representation. The findings of this research show that this new wage formulation is emerged from the ideology of corporatism that takes place in every power transfer process and has the implication of reinforcing wage inequality that occurs in the local context in Indonesia. Politically, this regulation eliminates the democratic mechanism in the form of tripartite through a survey of monthly necessities which is carried out by labor, government and employer every year and has divided the strength of trade unions in fighting for the determination of decent wages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Latin America's transition to a market economy in the 1980s and 1990s, most left-wing governments in the region recognised the importance of committing to macroeconomic equilibria and successfully managed to combine this goal with a wide array of social policies. Wage policy, however, proved a conflictive arena in the wake of a period of harsh austerity measures. This article provides unique insights from the experience of the Chilean Concertación governments (1990–2010) about the important role intra-left conflicts played in the advancement of collective labour rights. My working hypothesis is that the conflict between technocrats and non-technocrat political cadres in conjunction with a perceived trade-off between growth and distribution was a major determinant of wage outcomes. My analysis relies on a mixed-methods approach combining regression analysis and process tracing. Chile's attempts at labour reform during the Concertación governments help explain how the perceived trade-off mentioned above may have unfolded not only in Latin America but also in other regions of the developing world. The novelty of this analysis lies in highlighting intra-left conflict as an important and understudied driver of labour and wage policies and elucidating the political economy of distributive strategies during the period 1990–2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most older adults prefer to age in place, which for many will require home and community care (HCC) support. Unfortunately, HCC capacity is insufficient to meet demand due in part to low wages, particularly for personal support workers (PSWs) who provide the majority of paid care. Using Ontario as a case study, this paper estimates the cost and capacity impacts of implementing wage parity between PSWs employed in HCC and institutional long-term care (ILTC). Specifically, we consider the cost of increased HCC PSW wages versus expected savings from avoiding unnecessary ILTC placement for those accommodated by HCC capacity growth. The expected increase in HCC PSW retention would create HCC capacity for approximately 160,000 people, reduce annual health system costs by approximately $7 billion, and provide an 88 per cent return on investment. Updating wage structures to reduce turnover and enable HCC capacity growth is a cost-efficient option for expanding health system capacity.

In this article, we critically examine Cuban social and labour policies as attempts of a practical application of Decent Work principles in a state-socialist context. We start with an examination of past and present models of socio-economic development and labour relations in Cuba. This is followed by an overview of the main Cuban policy principles related to Decent Work, which we contrast with some developments in Cuban labour realities. To contextualize our analysis, we emphasize the conceptualizations of work, production and property, as well as the institutional logics that underly the Cuban labour models and policies. Finally, two policy areas are highlighted by way of example.

The aim of the article is to present quantitative development of wages and incentive instruments in the Czech Republic during the recent period and at the same time to provide an insight into the emerging changes in the labor market brought by the industry and the construction industry digitization. Strong demand for increased corporate social responsibility of the companies in the technical, economic and environmental protection and care sectors, and in particular in mutual communication between market partners, has had and will have an impact on wage policy and creation of employer wage systems. This article briefly gives the insight into what visions and strategies this situation brings into the construction industry field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several states and local areas have increased the minimum wage in recent years, and we anticipate that many policymakers and advocates will be interested in evaluating the impacts that these increases have had on material hardships such as not having enough money for rent, food, and utilities. The relationship between wages and material hardship absent policy changes has not been thoroughly documented in the literature, however. An understanding of how material hardships relate to wages is critical when trying to determine whether minimum wage policy changes have impacted material hardship. This article asks, is there a linear relationship between wages and material hardship at the bottom of the wage distribution, or do wages have to hit a certain point before we observe significant declines in material hardship? Results come from the New York City Longitudinal Study of Wellbeing (NYC-LSW), also referred to as the "Poverty Tracker," and are specific to New York City in 2016. The results show that among workers in New York City in 2016, rates of material hardship are relatively constant at the bottom of the wage distribution, if not increasing. However, rates of hardship begin to decline more rapidly in the wage distribution around US$15 per hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Economy is the property of Research Centre for Industrial Developmen Problems of Nas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Competitive wage policy is considered as the main tool for solving the problem of attracting, retaining and promoting qualified personnel, which is relevant for domestic organizations. The article defines the main stages and purposes of evaluation of the competitiveness of the wage policy. The authors studied the use of an estimation of the wage policy competitiveness by the Russian organizations and identified practical need for and methods of assessing the competitiveness of the wage policy. Objective and subjective factors influencing the direction of the wage policy are identified, as well as the trends in wages under the influence of the crisis conditions. The main indicators of mobility and personnel turnover, the average wage in the Irkutsk region are considered. The description of the external conditions of functioning of the organizations in the Irkutsk region is presented.

The main objectives of macroeconomic policy for most governments are: a high level of labouremployment, price stability and high rate of economic growth. As far as I walk in life, I learnsomething new, everywhere I go, I find something that fascinates me. This is why this subject hasan influence over me, I wonder every day why people find a job to maintain with such difficulty andwhy they are so lazy when they hear about work. This type of behaviour leads to a huge increase ofunemployment, because people leave their courage under an invisible line and create a fakepersonality where they hide saying that they can’t do what society wants. In case that increasinginflation is obvious, unemployment is decreasing and people are trying to find something to do, towork, because inflation also leads to some actions which affect directly the unemployed ones.

In 2011, the government of Kyrgyzstan increased the wages paid to teachers, healthcare workers, and social workers (EHS) in response to national strikes from teachers over low wages and working conditions. The EHS wage policy was adjusted between 2012 and 2015. We examine the literature on gender wage inequality and policies to redress inequalities in different countries and specifically in Central Asia. We use data from the Life in Kyrgyzstan panel surveys (2010–2016) and the Kyrgyzstan Labor Force Surveys (2009–2016) to describe the gender gap in wages and hours of work over time for EHS and other workers. We estimate panel models of the impact of the wage reform on monthly wages using LIK data. We find that the wage policy reduced the difference in wages between comparably skilled EHS and other workers, reduced the gender pay gap primarily in the EHS sector, and reduced the overall gender wage gap in Kyrgyzstan. This wage-setting policy targeted rural areas and narrowed the gap in wages paid to rural and urban workers. The policy was an effective mechanism to reduce wage inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of salaries including salary levels, evolution, purchasing power, salary differentiation between business areas, development areas, men and women, are some of the aspects that bring forth multiple and lasting concerns not only among researchers, but also to governors and to European bodies interested in the field of labour, employment and in social issues derived from payroll as a way of design, implementation, size and development. A brief analysis of the aspects related in particular to the minimum and average wage, as well as of the share of employees earning the minimum salary, meaning below the threshold of average salaries of employees in the total of European Union countries, on the basis of the data supplied by Eurostat, shows significant differences among them, differences that persist despite a legislative and institutional framework created at EU level to monitor, identify and implement effective solutions, based on the indissoluble bond that exists between wage policies and the economic efficiency of a State.

Las brechas salariales entre ejecutivos y trabajadores han tendido a ampliarse desde el inicio de la globalización neoliberal iniciada en los años 70. Esta brecha creciente contribuye a explicar el desplome de la participación de los asalariados en la distribución primaria del ingreso y el crecimiento de la desigualdad global. En este trabajo se intenta aportar al debate vigente en Ecuador, donde se ha sancionado una innovadora ley que pretende estimular políticas salariales responsables, fijando un límite a la brecha salarial deducible del impuesto a la renta. Se elabora una propuesta metodológica de medición que permite analizar las prácticas salariales y las diferencias sectoriales y de tamaño, y se concluye haciendo recomendaciones sobre su implementación. Wage gaps between executives and workers have tended to widen since the start of neoliberal globalization in the 70s. This growing gap helps explain the collapse of labor participation in the primary distribution of income and the growth of inequality worldwide. In this paper we try to contribute to the ongoing debate in Ecuador where it has enacted a law that aims to stimulate innovative responsible wage policy by setting a limit on the deductible wage gap of income tax. A measuring methodology is proposed to analyze pay practices, sector and size differences. The work concludes with recommendations about several aspects of the law and its regulation. Diferenças salariais entre executivos e trabalhadores têm vindo a aumentar desde o início da globalização neoliberal começou na década de 70. Este fosso crescente ajuda a explicar o colapso da participação dos trabalhadores na distribuição primária de renda e o crescimento da desigualdade global. Neste trabalho, procuramos contribuir para o debate em curso no Equador, onde foi promulgada uma lei innovadora que visa estimular práticas salariais responsável definindo um teto salarial dedutível do imposto de renda. É proposta uma metodologia para analisar as práticas de remuneração e as diferenças sectoriais e tamanho, e conclui com recomendações sobre a implementação da lei.

Copyright of Industrielle Beziehungen is the property of Rainer Hampp Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objectives of macroeconomic policy for most governments are: a high level of labour employment, price stability and high rate of economic growth. As far as I walk in life, I learn something new, everywhere I go, I find something that fascinates me. This is why this subject has an influence over me, I wonder every day why people find a job to maintain with such difficulty and why they are so lazy when they hear about work. This type of behaviour leads to a huge increase of unemployment, because people leave their courage under an invisible line and create a fake personality where they hide saying that they can't do what society wants. In case that increasing inflation is obvious, unemployment is decreasing and people are trying to find something to do, to work, because inflation also leads to some actions which affect directly the unemployed ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Discussion Papers is the property of Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)