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In this note, we determine the minimum number of involutions required to generate a finite irreducible Coxeter group, and also whenever such generation is possible, its alternating subgroup. Explicit generators are given.

This study aims to observe the efficacy of supplemented Er-xian decoction combined with acupoint application in treating poor ovarian response (POR). This study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 80 patients, who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2016 to December 2017, were divided into two groups by tables of random numbers: experimental group (n = 40), and control group (n = 40). In the experimental group, patients orally received supplemented Er-xian decoction with acupoint application. In the control group, a Kuntai capsule was administered according to the course of treatment. The therapeutic effects in the two groups were observed and compared. In the experimental group, the total effective rate was 90%, the cure rate was 15% (six patients), the markedly effective rate was 35% (14 patients), the effective rate was 40% (16 patients), and the ineffective rate was 10% (four patients). In the control group, the total effective rate was 50%, the cure rate was 5% (two patients), the markedly effective rate was 15% (six patients), the effective rate was 30% (12 patients), and the ineffective rate was 50% (20 patients). The differences were statistically significant (P0.05). Definite efficacy was observed when a poor ovarian response was treated by supplemented Er-xian decoction combined with acupoint application. Improvements in perimenopausal symptoms, menstruation conditions, hormone levels, inhibin B (INHB), and antral follicle count (AFC) were markedly better in the experimental group than in the control group. In addition, the treatment was safe and had few side effects.

Summary Background Itch is the cardinal symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD). β-Endorphin, a neuropeptide, is increased in both AD skin and sera. Interleukin (IL)-31, an itch-relevant cytokine, activates IL-31 receptors in keratinocytes. However, how IL-31 and β-endorphin interact in AD skin remains elusive. Objectives To investigate the mechanistic interaction of IL-31 and β-endorphin in AD. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study. We recruited adult patients with AD and controls according to Hanifin’s AD criteria. Serum levels of IL-31 and β-endorphin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expressions of IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) and β-endorphin in the skin were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Their expression in the skin and blood was compared and correlated in patients with AD and in controls. We also treated primary keratinocytes with IL-31 and measured calcium influx, β-endorphin production and signalling pathways to define their mechanistic interactions. Results β-Endorphin was increased in the supernatant from IL-31-treated keratinocytes. IL-31 receptor activation resulted in calcium influx and STAT3 activation; pretreatment with STAT3 inhibitor stopped the increase of β-endorphin. Notably, either replacement of extracellular calcium or treatment with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, an inhibitor for the store-operated channel, blocked STAT3 activation. We found higher levels of blood β-endorphin and IL-31, which were significantly correlated, in patients with AD. Moreover, IL-31RA and β-endorphin were increased and colocalized both in AD human skin and TPA-painted mouse skin. Conclusions IL-31 receptor activation in keratinocytes induces calcium influx and STAT3-dependent production of β-endorphin. These results might contribute to an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying peripheral itch.

A facile combined method of selective dissolution and evaporation method was developed to recycle the waste plasticised polyvinylbutyral (PVB) films, in which ethyl acetate was employed as a solvent and decolourising reagent. It has been found that the pigment and plasticiser are soluble in ethyl acetate, and PVB films become transparent and achromatous after dissolution–decolourisation. The optimised decolourising time and the ratio of liquor to material in each run are 40 min and 30∶1 respectively; and the optimised decolourisation times are 3. The solvent, pigment and plasticiser were also successfully recycled by reduced pressure evaporation. Ethyl acetate was recycled effectively under conditions of 55°C and 0·07 MPa (vacuum), and the separation for pigment and plasticiser was achieved at 230°C under 0·08 MPa (vacuum). Furthermore, the decolourisation process was detected to show no effect on the constitution and structure of PVB.

Summary Background Visible light is a treatment option for segmental vitiligo (SV), and visible light-induced repigmentation is associated with normalization of sympathetic dysfunction. Currently, it is difficult to predict individual patients’ response to visible light therapy. Objectives To test whether cutaneous blood flow can serve as a response predictor for visible light on treating SV. Methods Fourteen patients with SV were recruited in this prospective pilot study. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to evaluate the cutaneous blood flow over SV lesions and contralateral normal skin. The pretreatment blood flow evaluation consisted of two stages: stage 1, following cold stress without prior visible light irradiation, and stage 2, following cold stress with prior visible light irradiation. Subsequently, the patients received regular visible light treatment for 3 months, and a comparison of the pretreatment blood flow patterns between the visible light responding and nonresponding groups was carried out at the end of the study period. Results The SV lesions showed different blood flow profiles as compared with the contralateral normal skin. At the end of the 3-month study period, seven (50%) patients showed clinical repigmentation of > 25%. The visible light responding group showed a more consistent occurrence of increased blood flow after stage 2 of the pretreatment evaluation while the nonresponding counterpart showed no significant changes. Conclusions Normalization of sympathetic dysfunction may account for the efficacy of visible light in treating SV. Evaluation of cutaneous blood flow with and without prior visible light irradiation on cold-stressed SV lesions may serve as a treatment response predictor.

Let 𝔤 be a solvable Lie algebra and Q an (ad 𝔤)-stable prime ideal of the symmetric algebra S(𝔤) of 𝔤. If E denotes the set of nonzero elements of S(𝔤)/Q which are eigenvectors for the adjoint action of 𝔤 on S(𝔤)/Q, then the localization (S(𝔤)/Q) E has a natural structure of Poisson algebra. We study this algebra here. Soient 𝔤 une algebre de Lie resoluble et Q un ideal premier (ad 𝔤)-stable de l'algebre symetrique S(𝔤) de 𝔤. Si E est l'ensemble des elements non nuls de S(𝔤)/Q qui sont vecteurs propres pour l'action adjointe de 𝔤 dans S(𝔤)/Q, l'algebre localisee (S(𝔤)/Q) E a une structure naturelle d'algebre de Poisson. On etudie ici cette algebre.

In this paper, we show that there is always an open adjoint orbit in the nilpotent radical of a seaweed Lie algebra in gl n (k), thus answering positively in this gl n (k) case to a question raised independently by Michel Duflo and Dmitri Panyushev. The proof gives an explicit construction, using Δ-filtered modules of quasi-hereditary algebras arising from quotients of the double of quivers of type A. An example of a seaweed Lie algebra in a simple Lie algebra of type E 8 not admitting an open orbit in its nilpotent radical is given.

We study in this paper the jet schemes of the closure of nilpotent orbits in a finite-dimensional complex reductive Lie algebra. For the nilpotent cone, which is the closure of the regular nilpotent orbit, all the jet schemes are irreducible. This was first observed by Eisenbud and Frenkel, and follows from a strong result of Musta\u{t}\c{a} (2001). Using induction and restriction of "little" nilpotent orbits in reductive Lie algebras, we show that for a large number of nilpotent orbits, the jet schemes of their closure are reducible. As a consequence, we obtain certain geometrical properties of these nilpotent orbit closures., Comment: 39 pages in English. Final version, to appear in Pacific J. of Math

RésuméOn caractérise, de manière purement algébrique, certaines formes linéaires, dites stables, introduites dans [Y. Kosmann, S. Sternberg, Conjugaison des sous-algèbres d'isotropie, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. A 279 (1974) 777–779], sur une algèbre de Lie. Comme application, on détermine l'indice d'une sous-algèbre de Borel d'une algèbre de Lie semi-simple. On donne enfin un exemple d'une sous-algèbre parabolique d'une algèbre de Lie semi-simple n'admettant aucune forme linéaire stable.AbstractWe characterize, in a purely algebraic manner, certain linear forms, called stable, introduced in [Y. Kosmann, S. Sternberg, Conjugaison des sous-algèbres d'isotropie, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. A 279 (1974) 777–779], on a Lie algebra. As an application, we determine the index of a Borel subalgebra of a semi-simple Lie algebra. Finally, we give an example of a parabolic subalgebra of a semi-simple Lie algebra which does not admit any stable linear form.

Large high-optical-quality single crystals of diaqua(thiocyanato)manganese mercury-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (MMTWD) were grown from solutions by the slow temperature reduction method. The morphology of the crystal was indexed. Raman spectroscopy of MMTWD crystals was performed at room temperature. The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) along the a and c axes were measured to be α 1 = 2.26 x 10 -5 and α 3 = 5.91 × 10 -5 /K, respectively. All the TECs are positive and are interpreted on the basis of crystal structure. The thermal decomposition was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry.

For the manipulator which is used to execute maintenance tasks in the Tokamak reactor, solving the problem of collision-free path planning is the premise. This paper introduced the Single-RRT and Bi-RRT algorithms then used BiRRT algorithm to make the path planning for the motion of a redundant manipulator in the vacuum chamber, finally made a Matlab simulation analysis. The result shows that RRT algorithm can effectively achieve the purpose of collision-free path planning, and using Bi-RRT can reduce the number of searches and invalid search points compared with Single-RRT. The better path can be obtained and used in the actual control by means of multiple searches and replacements. Keywords-redundant manipulator; path planning; RRT algorithm; Tokamak

Dans cet article on montre la degenerescence d'une large classe de varietes de Schubert dans SL n /B en des varietes toriques. Pour cela on utilise les resultats d'un article precedent, dans lequel pour chaque element w, du groupe de Weyl, on construit n-1 polytopes △ 1 … △ n-1 ayant la propriete suivante: le nombre des points a coordonnees entieres dans Σk i Δ i est la dimension, comme espace vectoriel sur C, du module de Demazure Eω (Σ kiwi ), ou les ω i designent les poids fondamentaux de SLn(C). Or la donnee de n -1 polytopes est equivalente a la donnee d'une variete torique munie de n-1 fibres en droite L 1 1/4L n- 1 ○ L'objectif est de trouver une deformation plate de la variete de Schubert Sω, munie des fibres en droites Lω en la variete torique X munie des L i . La demonstration est basee sur un theoreme du a Gonciulea-Lakshmibai impliquant la construction d'un treillis distributif sur un sous-ensemble du groupe de Weyl. L'avantage de cette approche est que d'un cote l'algebre associee a ce treillis est etroitement liee a la variete torique X et de l'autre cote on sait comment degenerer l'anneau des coordonnees homogenes sur Sω en cette algebre.

Let w be an element of the Weyl group of sl_n + 1. We prove that for a certain class of elements w (which includes the longest element w_0 of the Weyl group), there exist a lattice polytope Δ ⊂ R^e(w), for each fundamental weight ω_i of sl_n + 1, such that for any dominant weight λ e ∑_i e 1^n a_i ω_i, the number of lattice points in the Minkowski sum Δ_λ^w e ∑_i e 1^n a_iΔ_i^w is equal to the dimension of the Demazure module E(λ). We also define a linear map A : R^e(w) → P ⊗_ZR where P denotes the weight lattice, such that char E(λ) e e^λ ∑e^−A(x) where the sum runs through the lattice points x of Δ_λ^w.

Members of the Semaphorin family of glycoproteins play an important role in axonal pathfinding by functioning as inhibitory guidance cues. Here we provide evidence that a transmembrane form of Semaphorin (Semaphorin I), which is expressed by bands of epithelial cells in the developing grasshopper limb bud, functions as an attractive/permissive cue for the growth cones of the subgenual organ. In addition, we demonstrate that Semaphorin I is needed for initial axonal outgrowth from the subgenual organ. These results are consistent with an alternative function for a transmembrane form of Semaphorin and may explain the previously reported arrest of the proximal extension of the subgenual organ growth cones in the absence of the Ti1 pioneer pathway.

C24H46N2NiS7, monoclinic, C1c1 (No. 9), a = 8.846(2) Å, b = 24.702(6) Å, c = 15.392(3) Å, β = 95.12(1)°, V = 3349.9Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.059, wRref(F2) = 0.166, T = 293 K.

In this article, we give a simple explicit construction of an affine slice for the coadjoint action of a certain class of biparabolic (also called seaweed) subalgebras of a semisimple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In particular, this class includes all Borel subalgebras.

Visible light is a treatment option for segmental vitiligo (SV), and visible light-induced repigmentation is associated with normalization of sympathetic dysfunction. Currently, it is difficult to predict individual patients' response to visible light therapy.To test whether cutaneous blood flow can serve as a response predictor for visible light on treating SV.Fourteen patients with SV were recruited in this prospective pilot study. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to evaluate the cutaneous blood flow over SV lesions and contralateral normal skin. The pretreatment blood flow evaluation consisted of two stages: stage 1, following cold stress without prior visible light irradiation, and stage 2, following cold stress with prior visible light irradiation. Subsequently, the patients received regular visible light treatment for 3months, and a comparison of the pretreatment blood flow patterns between the visible light responding and nonresponding groups was carried out at the end of the study period.The SV lesions showed different blood flow profiles as compared with the contralateral normal skin. At the end of the 3-month study period, seven (50%) patients showed clinical repigmentation of25%. The visible light responding group showed a more consistent occurrence of increased blood flow after stage 2 of the pretreatment evaluation while the nonresponding counterpart showed no significant changes.Normalization of sympathetic dysfunction may account for the efficacy of visible light in treating SV. Evaluation of cutaneous blood flow with and without prior visible light irradiation on cold-stressed SV lesions may serve as a treatment response predictor.

We search for evidence of a relation between properties of young stellar objects (YSOs) and their parent molecular clouds to understand the initial conditions of high-mass star formation. A sample of 135 sources was selected from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Point Source Catalog, on the basis of their red color to enhance the possibility of discovering young sources. Using the Kolner Observatorium fur SubMillimeter Astronomie (KOSMA) 3-m telescope, a single-point survey in 13CO(2-1) was carried out for the entire sample, and 14 sources were mapped further. Archival mid-infrared (MIR) data were compared with the 13CO emissions to identify evolutionary stages of the sources. A 13CO observed sample was assembled to investigate the correlation between 13CO line width of the clouds and the luminosity of the associated YSOs. We identified 98 sources suitable for star formation analyses for which relevant parameters were calculated. We detected 18 cores from 14 mapped sources, which were identified with eight pre-UC HII regions and one UC HII region, two high-mass cores earlier than pre-UC HII phase, four possible star forming clusters, and three sourceless cores. By compiling a large (360 sources) 13CO observed sample, a good correlation was found between the 13CO line width of the clouds and the bolometric luminosity of the associated YSOs, which can be fitted as a power law: lg(dV13/km/s)=-0.023+0.135lg(Lbol/Lsolar). Results show that luminous (>10^3Lsolar) YSOs tend to be associated with both more massive and more turbulent (dV13>2km/s) molecular cloud structures., Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics; this version: sent to publisher; 13 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 1 online appendix

An experimental study is presented for the heat transfer characteristics of a rectangular, two-phase, double-loop thermosyphon with water-steam as the working fluid. The evaporator was installed in the middle branch and shared by the two condensers. Local temperature measurements of the core fluid and the wall were made, and the overall heat transfer coefficients of the evaporator, the condensers, and the loop system were obtained and correlated in terms of the fluid properties, heat flux conditions, and the liquid charge level V+. Results show that the overall heat transfer coefficients increase with decreasing V+ and increasing heat flux. The heat transfer performance of the entire system can be viewed as a parallel combination of the thermal resistances of the evaporator and two condensers. Results also confirm the previous findings that if the liquid charge level is below the fractional volume of the bottom connecting tubes, an overheat phenomenon will take place.

In this short note, we investigate the following question of Panyushev : ``Is the sum of the index of a parabolic subalgebra of a semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and the index of its nilpotent radical always greater than or equal to the rank of $\mathfrak{g}$?''. Using the formula for the index of parabolic subalgebras conjectured by Tauvel and the author, and proved by Millet-Fauquant and Joseph, we give a positive answer to this question. Moreover, we also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for this sum to be equal to the rank of $\mathfrak{g}$. This provides new examples of direct sum decomposition of a semisimple Lie algebra verifying the ``index additivity condition'' as stated by Ra{\"\i}s., Comment: Author's affiliation added in the second version

C20H20HgN2S10, monoclinic, C12/m1 (no. 12), a = 20.286(4) Å, b = 14.598(3) Å, c = 10.007(2) Å, β = 104.964(3)°, V = 2862.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.034, wRref(F2) = 0.091, T = 293 K.

C26H19N3, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 12.885(1) Å, b = 15.007(2) Å, c = 10.863(2) Å, β = 109.460(8)°, V = 1980.4 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.060, wRref(F2) = 0.184, T = 293 K.

C14H10N2S8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.753(2) Å, b = 11.403(3) Å, c = 12.371(5) Å, α = 64.10(2)°, β = 84.62(2)°, γ = 77.34(2)°, V = 959.9 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.061, wRref(F2) = 0.168, T = 293 K.

Ca3Ga3O14Si2Ta, trigonal, P321 (No. 150), a = 8.1081(4) Å, c = 4.9850(4) Å, V = 283.8 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.025, wRref(F2) = 0.064, T = 293 K.

C7H8OS5, monoclinic, P121/c1 (No. 14), a = 8.3699(7) Å, b = 17.573(2) Å, c = 7.5305(7) Å, β = 103.584(7)°, V = 1076.6 Å3, Z=4, Rgt(F) = 0.033, wRref(F2) = 0.082, T = 293 K.

C9H8N2S5, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 9.070(5) Å, b = 27.123(5) Å, c = 10.736(5) Å, β = 104.461(5)°, V = 2557.5 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.038, wRref(F2) = 0.086, T = 293 K.

C12H23Cl3O22Sm2, triclinic, P1 (No. 2), a = 8.877(3) Å, b = 9.413(3) Å, c = 9.554(3) Å, α = 103.778(5)°, β = 101.31 (5)°, ϒ = 93.954(5)°, V = 754.7 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.056, wRref(F2) = 0.152, T = 293 K.