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ENTRAP comprises a pan-European cooperation of leading scientific institutions and regulatory bodies in the field of nuclear-waste characterization and its quality assurance for the safe disposal of radioactive waste. Here, the scope of this cooperation is presented and explained and links or interfaces for a potential collaboration with partners fulfilling tasks of IDG-TP are pursued.

We report on oral ketamine for the preinduction of 3 patients who aggressively refused the commonly used induction of anaesthesia, due to young age or mental retardation. One child and two mentally retarded patients aged 30 and 31 years who were to undergo dental surgery aggressively refused the induction of anaesthesia, either by inhalation or rectal, intramuscular, or intravenous application of drugs. One of them previously injured the medical personnel and destroyed the interior equipment of a gynaecologist, who tried to perform an examination. After having received 6 to 8 mg/kg body weight ketamine in 10 ml water, which they accepted well, probably because of the long lasting fluid restriction (about 12 hours), they tolerated the induction of anaesthesia by inhalation (2 patients) or intravenously (1 child). Two patients remained awake, but calm, one fell deeply asleep. After several hours of surgery in inhalation anaesthesia they could be extubated within several minutes and discharged the same day. We conclude that 5 to 10 mg/kg oral ketamine in water which has a bioavailability of approximately 20% is a useful agent for the preinduction of patients who aggressively refuse medical treatment. Because deep sleep states cannot be excluded, we recommend a careful supervision after the application of ketamine. Nevertheless, we could discharge our patients on the same day even after long lasting surgical procedures; this makes this method useful in day case surgery.

We report on oral ketamine for the preinduction of 3 patients who aggressively refused the commonly used induction of anaesthesia, due to young age or mental retardation. One child and two mentally retarded patients aged 30 and 31 years who were to undergo dental surgery aggressively refused the induction of anaesthesia, either by inhalation or rectal, intramuscular, or intravenous application of drugs. One of them previously injured the medical personnel and destroyed the interior equipment of a gynaecologist, who tried to perform an examination. After having received 6 to 8 mg/kg body weight ketamine in 10 ml water, which they accepted well, probably because of the long lasting fluid restriction (about 12 hours), they tolerated the induction of anaesthesia by inhalation (2 patients) or intravenously (1 child). Two patients remained awake, but calm, one fell deeply asleep. After several hours of surgery in inhalation anaesthesia they could be extubated within several minutes and discharged the same day. We conclude that 5 to 10 mg/kg oral ketamine in water which has a bioavailability of approximately 20% is a useful agent for the preinduction of patients who aggressively refuse medical treatment. Because deep sleep states cannot be excluded, we recommend a careful supervision after the application of ketamine. Nevertheless, we could discharge our patients on the same day even after long lasting surgical procedures; this makes this method useful in day case surgery.

Statistische Erhebungen beweisen die standige Zunahme zugelassener Kraftfahrzeuge; zwischen 1970 und 1983 verdoppelte sich die Zahl der Personenkraftwagen, verdreifachte sich die der Motorrader und verfunffachte sich die der Mofas. Gleichzeitig verringerte sich die Anzahl der Mopeds um ca. 30%. Uber die im Strasenverkehr benutzten Fahrrader gibt es keine verlaslichen zahlenmasigen Erhebungen.