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Laser-plasma instabilities (LPI) play a detrimental role in energy coupling to the target in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The recent development of applied strong magnetic fields for use in ICF and laboratory astrophysics experiments has opened opportunities to investigate the role of external magnetic fields on LPIs. Recent numerical studies have shown that stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) can be mitigated by external magnetic fields in the kinetic regime of the instability and warrant systematic experimental studies to validate modelling. To this end, we design experiments at the OMEGA-EP laser facility to investigate the effect of an external perpendicular $B$ -field of 5–30 T on the backscattered light spectrum from a gas-jet target. We present measurements from a proof-of-principle experiment, where the backward-SRS (BSRS) is in the kinetic regime, for which the magnetization is expected to produce the greatest effects on instability growth. New simulations motivated by this experiment are used to inform the proposal of an upgraded experimental design. Our simulation predictions show that the new design is suited to experimentally demonstrating BSRS mitigation by an external magnetic field, despite the magnetization effects on the hydrodynamics, as well as the inherent temporal and spatial variations in plasma conditions.

For the Belle II spectrometer we are preparing a proximity focusing RICH with aerogel as the radiator. It will be positioned in the forward direction of the spectrometer in the small space between the drift chamber and the electromagnetic calorimeter inside a strong magnetic field of 1.5 T. The Hybrid Avalanche Photo Diode used as a photo sensor, is able to detect single photons with a high efficiency, can operate in the magnetic field and is resistant to the expected neutron and gamma fluxes in the detector. By detecting more than 11 photons per incident 4 GeV/ c pion, with 15 mrad single photon Cherenkov angle resolution, the designed aerogel RICH should enable an efficient separation of kaons from pions in the wide range of particle momenta from 0.5 GeV/ c up to 4 GeV/ c .

Purpose The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of complications after 90 Y microsphere radioembolization for unresectable hepatic tumors and evaluate risk factors for late complications. Methods and Materials A cohort of 112 consecutive patients from two institutions underwent 90 Y microsphere radioembolization for unresectable hepatic tumors. Complications were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. Symptoms secondary to postradioembolization syndrome occurring within 30 days were recorded as early complications, and all other complications were considered late complications. Results Seventy-eight patients (70%) experienced postradioembolization syndrome, including fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, or fever. Three patients (3%) experienced a Grade 3 early complication; no Grade 4 or 5 early toxicity occurred. Two patients (2%) experienced clinically significant liver dysfunction; 13 patients (12%), 27 patients (24%), and 9 patients (8%) had an elevation of bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, respectively. Eleven patients (10%) experienced gastrointestinal ulceration, including two Grade 3 complications and one Grade 4 complication. Cholecystitis occurred in 7 patients (6%), including two Grade 3 complications. Grade 2 pancreatitis occurred in 1 patient (1%). No radiation pneumonitis was observed. The cumulative incidence of late Grade 3 or 4 complications at 12 months after radioembolization was 8%. No Grade 5 toxicity occurred. Conclusions 90 Y microsphere radioembolization is a well-tolerated treatment for unresectable hepatic tumors with a low risk of Grade 3 or higher early or late toxicity.

For the Belle II experiment at the superKEKB, we have been developing a proximity focusing ring imaging Cherenkov detector using a silica aerogel as a radiator. A 144-channel Hybrid Avalanche Photo-Detector which is developed with Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. was adopted as the photon detector for the Aerogel RICH counter. We have conducted beam tests in order to evaluate the particle identification performance for the A-RICH system. One of our current concern for the system is a radiation hardness of the HAPD. In order to realize the neutron hardness for 10-year Belle II operation, we have tried to make APDs with a thinner P-layer which is expected to help in reducing the leakage current. As a result, we actually confirmed effects of the improved APD. In this paper, we would alike to report the status of the A-RICH development, especially about the improvement of the HAPD.

The reactions of porous two-dimensional copper dicarboxylates (copper fumarate, copper terephthalate, copper styrene dicarboxylate, and copper 4,4‘-biphenyl dicarboxylate) with triethylenediamine as a pillar ligand yielded porous three-dimensional coordination polymers. The characterization by gas adsorption indicated that these coordination polymers have uniform micropores, high porosities, and gas adsorption capacities. These properties depend on the kind of dicarboxylate, and by changing it, the porosity and the pore size of the polymer can be controlled. The measurements of methane adsorption isotherms revealed that all coordination polymers have methane adsorption capacities, and especially, polymers synthesized from copper styrene dicarboxylate and copper 4,4‘-biphenyl dicarboxylate, which have ideal pore sizes and distributions for methane adsorption, have higher methane adsorption capacities than that of the theoretical maximum for activated carbon.

Infrared spectra of cuprate superconductors show characteristic features in the superconducting (SC) state depending on the level of doping. The reflection spectra of single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212), show a little change of spectra even below Tc which is rather unusual for a superconductor. Infrared spectra of underdoped Bi2212 crystals (10% and 15% Dy doped crystals) are investigated and the superconducting gap is found below Tc by condensation of free carriers to Cooper pair. Origin of such a dramatic change is discussed based on the energy contour found by angle resolved photoelectron spectra (ARPES) of underdoped Bi2212 and its analysis by an ab-initio quantum chemical calculation of model clusters of cuprates.

Generation of TeV-scale electron beams using conventional RF technology appears expensive for building the next generation of colliders. Proton-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration of electrons promises an alternative route to generate TeV-scale electron beams using existing proton machines. PROTOPLASMA is the proposed R&D project at Fermilab that plans to use a proton beam driven plasma-wakefield to accelerate electrons. The project is planned in stages with the project's path guided by simulations. First, a 60-120 GeV proton beam will be injected into 1-2 meters of plasma to observe selfmodulation instability in the proton beam. Next, an injected 5 MeV electron beam will be accelerated by the plasma. In this paper, we report on the basic project plan and outline our staged approach. We report on first simulation results that show self-modulation of a proton bunch and discuss beam optics requirements and other limits.

For the Belle II experiment at the superKEKB accelerator, we have been developing a proximity focusing ring imaging Cherenkov counter using silica aerogel as a radiator (ARICH). 144-channel Hybrid Avalanche Photo-Detectors (HAPD) developed with Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. were adopted as the Cherenkov photon detectors for the ARICH. We confirmed that the HAPD has sufficient performance for the ARICH photon detector by the bench test and carried out a test beam experiment with a prototype ARICH counter with six HAPDs, arranged as the actual ARICH configuration, at CERN in September 2011. As the result of the experiment, we succeeded in observing distinct Cherenkov images and confirmed that prototype ARICH had potentially 5.5σ K/π separation ability. One of our remaining concerns is radiation hardness of the HAPDs especially for γ-rays and neutrons. The HAPD is required the radiation hardness of the 10-year Belle II operation. From past studies of APDs for γ-ray and neutrons, we found the major cause of the radiation damage to the APD, and improved the structures of the APD. In order to confirm the improvement of HAPD for radiation hardness, we carried out a series of irradiation tests with various types of HAPDs using a 60Co facility and also a neutron beam facility. By understanding the reasons of the radiation damages in the APD, we have successfully improved radiation hardness of the APD by modification of electronic structure on it. In this paper, the latest status of HAPD development and the study of the radiation hardness for the HAPD are described.

The four LEP collaborations, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, have searched for the neutral Higgs bosons which are predicted by the Minimal Supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The data of the four collaborations are statistically combined and examined for their consistency with the background hypothesis and with a possible Higgs boson signal. The combined LEP data show no significant excess of events which would indicate the production of Higgs bosons. The search results are used to set upper bounds on the cross-sections of various Higgs-like event topologies. The results are interpreted within the MSSM in a number of "benchmark" models, including CP-conserving and CP-violating scenarios. These interpretations lead in all cases to large exclusions in the MSSM parameter space. Absolute limits are set on the parameter tan β and, in some scenarios, on the masses of neutral Higgs bosons.

This paper is a research on the interaction between intense particle beams and lasers with plasmas. Interestingly, the focused intensity (or energy density) of the state-of-the-art particle beams and lasers are both ~1021 W/cm2. At these intensities the space charge fields or the beam and the fields of the laser are large enough to rapidly accelerate plasma electrons to relativistic energies and are high enough to tunnel ionize a gas. It is also fundamental to the field of plasma-based accelerators

The report is intended to identify the compelling research opportunities of high intellectual value in high energy density physics. The opportunities for discovery include the broad scope of this highly interdisciplinary field that spans a wide range of physics areas including plasma physics, laser and particle beam physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, atomic and molecular physics, materials science and condensed matter physics, intense radiation-matter interaction physics, fluid dynamics, and magnetohydrodynamics

Infection by virus or treatment with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) results in the activation of transcription factors including IRF-3, IRF-7 and a pleiotropic regulator NF-kappaB by specific phosphorylation. These factors are important in triggering a cascade of antiviral responses. A protein kinase that is yet to be identified is responsible for the activation of these factors and plays a key role in the responses.The signal cascade was analysed using sensitive assays for the activation of IRF-3 and NF-kappaB, and various inhibitors. We found that the activation of IRF-3 and NF-kappaB by dsRNA or virus involves a process that is sensitive to Geldanamycin. Although the induction of NF-kappaB by dsRNA/virus and TNF-alpha involves common downstream pathways including IKK activation, the upstream, Geldanamycin-sensitive process was unique to the dsRNA/virus-induced signal. By an in vitro assay using cell extract, we found an inducible protein kinase activity with physiological specificity of IRF-3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the same extract specifically phosphorylated IRF-7 in a similar manner.Double-stranded RNA or virus triggers a specific signal cascade that results in the activation of the IRF-3/-7 kinase we detected, which corresponds to the long-sought signalling machinery that is responsible for triggering the early phase of innate response. The signal branches to a common NF-kappaB activation cascade, thus resulting in the activation of a set of critical transcription factors for the response.

Experiments have been performed to study the propagation of intense laser pulses to high plasma densities. The issue of self-focusing and filamentation of the laser pulse as well as developing predictive capability of absorption processes and x-ray conversion efficiencies is important for numerous programs at the Laboratory, particularly Laser Program (Fast Ignitor and direct-drive ICF) and D&NT (radiography, high energy backlighters and laser cutting). Processes such as resonance absorption, profile modification, linear mode conversion, filamentation and stimulated Brillouin scattering can occur near the critical density and can have important effects on the coupling of laser light to solid targets. A combination of experiments have been used to study the propagation of laser light to high plasma densities and the interaction physics of intense laser pulses with solid targets. Nonparaxial fluid codes to study nonstationary behavior of filamentation and stimulated Brillouin scattering at high densities have also been developed as part of this project.

Summary form only given. At present, extensive efforts to develop molecular-based ferromagnets based on high spin organic molecules and organo metallic compounds have been carried out. In particular, high spin polycarbenes are representatives of one dimensional condenced polynuclear aromatic compounds which can hold radical sites. On the other hand, ferrocenium-TCNE compounds are representatieves of charge transfer complexes which exhibit the ferromagnetism at a low temperature. Our approach is based on new hetero polymetallic systems, in which organic ligands are designed, instead of oxygen atoms of ferrites, typical ferrimagnets, on the basis of the orbital symmetry laws for super exchange interactions In order to array hetero metal centers alternatively in these systems,tetrathiolates type ligands with two coordinate sites have been selected. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagenetic inorganic polymers have been designed depending on the combinations of spin states of the nearest neighbor hetero transition metal centers. In order to confirm the present molecular engineering approach, ab initio MO calculations have been carried out for binuclear metal complexes, namely repeat units of the polymers. The effective exchange integrals obtained have supported the theoretical prediction that ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic like spin coupling on nearest neighbor hetero metal centers are realized through super exchange interactions.

Summary form only given. In a past few years, extensive works to design and synthesize hetero polymetallic systems which, exhibit ferromagnetic properties have been carried out. Our approach to achieve molecular ferromagnet has been to impose ferromagnetic super exchange interactions between nearest neighbor hereto metal centers in alternating arrayed manner. In this study, hereto poly metal tetrathiolates (poly (M/sub 1/TM/sub 2/), T:tetrathiolate) have been synthesized. Those complexes were obtained by synthesizing M/sub 1/T ions, which act as a ligand to M/sub 2/ ions to form alternating ordered hetero polymetaflic systems. In order to elucidate magnetic properties of the compounds, measurements of the magnetic susceptibilities and spin states of metal centers were performed. It was found that some of the M/sub 1/M/sub 2/ alternating ordered hetero polymetallic chains, where M/sub 1/=Fe(III), M/sub 2/=Cu(II), Ni(II), exhibit one-dimensional ferromagnetic-like behaviors in the low temperatures, that are resulting from ferromagnetic intrachain interactions. Upon cooling to further low temperature magnetic susceptibility sharply decreases. The interpretation of the behavior in this range is most likely due to an interchain antiferromagnetic interaction. The computer simulations of the magnetic susceptibilities were also performed on the basis of two parameter Heisenberg models, and the calculated results were in consistent with the observations.

Any definition of health is inevitably broad and contains various elements that may differ from one individual to another. Recent studies on the effects of smoking on physical and mental health have progressed remarkably and have great value in the fields of epidemiology, pathology, clinical medicine, and psychiatry. This report concludes that while smoking may have beneficial psychological effects on smokers, it may pose a risk to physical health.

Renal tissue mast cell counts were studied in autopsied cases of liver diseases. In cirrhosis and fibrosis of the liver, cases with hepato-renal syndrome showed a significant decrease in renal tissue mast cell counts as compared to those without hepato-renal syndrome. On the other hand, a significant increase in the number of mast cells was noted in cases with hepato-renal syndrome as compared to those without hepato-renal syndrome in fulminant hepatitis. These results suggest that renal tissue mast cells may play an important role in the onset of acute renal failure in liver diseases.

Theoretical studies of magnetic properties have been carried out and we have progressed the numerical treatment of those by the path integral method. In this method the numerical partition function can be calculated directly and is applied to numerical studies of the magnetization including temperature effect. The path integral method is formulated by means of the Thouless parametrization and progressed with the Monte Carlo method. We present the numerical calculations for a simple molecular system, i.e. the Cu2+ - H (d9 - s) system, which is related to the Ti3+ - H (d1 - s) system as discussed previously and considered as a hole doped system. Finally, it is found that our method can lead its magnetic behaviors successfully.

The symmetry rules were applied for the d-d orbital interactions between transition metal ions in Prussian blue analogs. The sign of the effective exchange integrals was consistent with the experiments available. The ab intio UHF and DFT calculations were carried out for the Cr(III)-CN-V(n) and Cr(III)-CN-Ni(II) units to elucidate the nature of the magnetic orbitals. The magnitude of the calculated effective exchange integrals was compatible with the experimental values.

Rather rapid and brief over-view of pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma has been made, where the connection between morphology and virology or biochemistry is stressed as the main focus of today's pathology. Thus, existence of some relation between hepatitis virus and hepatocellualr carcinoma seems to be definite for us. However, it is still very difficult to decide whether the relationship is a direct or indirect one. High incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma also in Budd-Chiari's cirrhosis and schistoma-induced cirrhosis seems to suggest existence of the high risk type of cirrhosis for hepatocellular carcinoma development, irrespective of the cause of cirrhosis itself, although HB antigen might be playing some role in these cases especially in the latter.

Reactions with iodine of binuclear nickel (II) complexes Ni2 (dox-enEt2)2 (X[dbnd]I, ClO4), where Hdox-enEt2 denotes a ligand IIb, has yielded complexes of the type Ni2 (dox-enEt2)2XxYy, X and Y being I or ClO4 and x and y the number of X and Y, respectively. These new complexes most probably have a binuclear skeletal structure. On the basis of magnetic and spectral data including laser Raman spectra, the nickel complexes obtained are classified into the following three types: (a) purple-red, diamagnetic, (b) orange brown, paramagnetic (1.6–1.7 BM per nickel), and (c) dark brown, paramagnetic (1.3 BM per nickel). It is most likely that the oxidation state of nickel is two for type (a), while complexes of types (b) and (c) possibly contain partially oxidized nickel ions.

Heat capacities of synthetic atacamite, Cu 2 Cl(OH) 3 , were measured in an adiabatic calorimeter between 4 and 300 K with particular attention to the relaxation phenomenon below 8 K. A suspected spin glass behavior was observed, which was compatible with previous measurements of the magnetic susceptibility.

Selective intra-arterial infusions of streptokinase (SK) were made in 50 arteries of 45 patients with a variety of acute thromboembolic conditions. The most common regimen was 5,000 units of SK/hour for 24 to 48 hours with a simultaneous heparin infusion of 250 to 500 units/hour. Significant lysis occurred in 80% of cases, with 74% of the patients benefiting clinically. Minor bleeding, usually from puncture sites, occurred in 30% of the patients. Major hemorrhages, requiring transfusion or surgery, developed in four patients (8%). No hemorrhagic strokes or fatalities were directly attributable to SK infusion. Coagulation parameters were determined before infusion, 4 and 24 hours after infusion, and every 24 hours thereafter. Significant alterations of coagulation parameters developed promptly, but were not very useful in predicting either clinical response or hemorrhage. Selective intra-arterial infusion of SK is a moderately effective and safe therapeutic technique in acute peripheral arterial thromboembolic disease. A comparison with prior reports suggests that selective low-dose infusion provides a moderate gain in benefit-risk ratio over systemic infusion.

Demonstration by the mixed antiglobulin reaction, of antibodies to BP8 tumour cells in immunized mice.

Serological reactions between anti-human placental tissue antiserum and 584 human sera from patients of various diseases and conditions have been tested using the micro-Ouchterlony method. Relatively high incidence of positive reaction was noted with cases of malignant tumours (57.5%), leukaemia (63.6%), pregnancy (77.8%), myocardial infarction (41.2%), and hepato-biliary diseases (43.3%). One of the most important and interesting characters of this test is the wide variety of neoplasms which showed a positive reaction. The active factor was located at β-area by immunoelectrophoresis, except in the case of pregnancy. Antigen analysis using a double diffusion method on agar plate showed quite a simila1ity between umbilical cord and placental tissue extracts, the active components of which were tentatively named umbilico-placental antigens.

The results obtained at author’s laboratory in these several years with liver cirrhosis were reviewed from the standpoint of immunopathology, collating with the “markers” introduced by Mackay & Burnet together with their criterion of autoimmune diseases. It was clarified that, in liver cirrhosis, 1) elevated level of γ-globulin was noticeable in the plasma, 2) autoantibodies against the liver were demonstrable, frequently, 3) some immunoglobulin deposit was shown in the liver as well as in the kidney, 4) lympho and plasma cytic infiltration was marked in the liver, histologically, 5) corticosteroid was said effective, to some extent, 6) some other conditions which might be related with autoimmune process were found coexisting, not rarely. Thus, as far as these “markers” are concerned, the possibility is high that autoimmunization is more or less causing some influences on liver cirrhosis. However, it seems difficult to distinguish the lesion of strict autoimmunization from the one of general hypersensitivity in a wide sense. It is almost certain that some immune process is playing an important role in liver cirrhosis, but it should require further study to determine whether this can be called a real autoimmune disease or not.

A case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is presented in which the diagnosis was made following computed tomography. This imaging technique enabled differentiation of the disorder from other pulmonary causes of respiratory distress in the newborn and suggested the need for prompt surgical intervention.

The cobalt(II)-substituted hemocyanin was first prepared by dialysis of apohemocyanin against Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing cobalt(II) ion. The amount of cobalt(II) introduced into apohemocyanin reached 47% of the total sites for copper ion in native hemocyanin, being estimated as nearly complete formation of the half-filled cobalt(II)-hemocyanin (Co(II)-Hc). The Co(II)-Hc did not bind oxygen molecule even under O2-atmosphere. The spectral data indicated that the Co(II) is in tetrahedral geometry (high-spin state).

To study the epidemiologic association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and malignancies, autopsy protocols (1959--1974) were examined at the Tokyo University Hospital. The study cases were classified according to major cause of death, including breast and lung cancer. The relationship between thyroid changes and breast cancer was not significant; however, a significant association between thyroid alteration and lung cancer was identified. This finding suggested that Hashimoto's thyroiditis and related changes could be one of the risk factors for lung cancer among Japanese women.

A newly isolated virus from a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (Tokyo-1 strain) was found serologically identical to JC virus (Mad-1 strain) and showed high neurooncogenicity in hamsters. Twenty-one animals inoculated intracerebrally with the virus developed brain tumors during a period that averaged 5 months. The tumors were cerebellar medulloblastoma (n = 20); plexus tumor (n = 2) occurred in 1 animal as a single tumor and in another in combination with a medulloblastoma. Thalamic gliomatosis was also present in 6 animals with medulloblastoma. Five mock-infected animals did not develop tumors. Medulloblastoma cells were shown to contain papovavirus T-antigen. In 20 animals examined the medulloblastoma showed a close resemblance to the human medulloblastoma in its histologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Examination of the incipient tumors indicated that the hamster medulloblastoma originated in cells in the neonatal external granular layer. Following infection the cells apparently migrated into the internal granular layer, carrying integrated virus genes and expressing phenotypical transformation. These findings confirm previous reports on the oncogenicity of virus isolates from PML (ZuRhein and Varakis, 1979), but are novel in that with this new isolate tumors could be induced with comparatively low levels of virus inocula.

A total of 10 autopsy cases who had received percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) were examed and analysed from the view point of chronological changes of hepatic damage caused by the puncture. The conclusion obtained on the process of simple healing can be summarized as follows: (1) Hemocoagulation or hematoma formation on the hepatic surface and intra-peritoneal hemorrhage were seen until the 7th day after PTC but not in cases of the 13th day or later, while the scar of puncture was recognizable on the hepatic capsule in cases of up to the 16th day but was not remaining in ones of the 41st day and later. (2) Damage of the hepatic parenchyma was existing until the 7th day, which, however, was repaired by the 13th day. (3) Intra-hepatic hematoma was seen until the 13th day but faded away thereafter. Namely, intrahepatic trauma caused by PTC seems to be completely cured without leaving any scar in about a half month. However, the puncture trace on the diaphragm was seen in one case of the 42nd day after PTC examination, therefore the nature of diaphragmatic trauma seems to be somewhat different from that of the liver, including its capsule. Besides, discussions are also made on some hepatic complications caused by PTC, as well as on clinical significance of this kind of pathomorphological study.