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Bali cattle have a distinct coloration that indicates the sexual dimorphism of adult cattle. However, coat color deviations are found in bulls due to either genetic impurity or inbreeding. Furthermore, information is needed to determine whether there is a relationship between coat color and cattle performance. This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between coat color deviation and the growth traits of male Bali cattle. A total of 99 adult male Bali cattle from Livestock Breeding and Forage Centre (BPTU) Denpasar, Bali, were used in this study to assess the possible association between coat color and growth capacity. Animals were grouped according to color patterns into full black (FBL), faded black (FDB), black sorel (BSR), and sorel (SRL). Periodically, growth traits of body weight (BW), wither height (WH), body length (BL), and chest circumference (CC) were measured at birth, weaning, and 365 and 730 days of age. The repeated measurement Anova analysis was used to evaluate the relation between coat color and growth traits over time. This study showed no correlation for both traits in calves due to the absence of color deviation in age. However, it turned out to be a significantly positive correlation (p

Beternak burung puyuh di Indonesia rentan terhadap cekaman panas karena kerap berhadapan dengan ancaman yang berasal dari tingginya suhu lingkungan sebagai akibat fenomena iklim tropis, Equinox, dan perubahan iklim. Sebagian besar tubuh puyuh dipenuhi oleh bulu dan puyuh juga tidak memiliki kelenjar keringat sehingga mekanisme pembuangan panas tubuh ke lingkungan hanya melalui proses evaporasi pernafasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari potensi pemberian aspirin untuk mengatasi cekaman panas pada burung puyuh. Sebanyak 16 ekor burung puyuh dibagi dalam 4 kelompok. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 4 ekor. Sediaan aspirin diberikan secara oral sekali setiap hari dengan dosis yang berbeda untuk setiap kelompok. Dosis aspirin yang digunakan sebesar 2.52 mg/kg BB untuk Kelompok I, 5.04 mg/kg BB untuk Kelompok II, 10.08 mg/kg BB untuk Kelompok III, dan 0 mg/kg BB untuk Kelompok IV sebagai kontrol negatif. Cekaman panas dengan suhu ruangan sebesar 35°C diberikan selama 8 hari. Analisis profil leukosit dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah leukosit, diferensial leukosit dan indeks stres H:L. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks stres, sebagi acuan untuk mengamati dampak cekaman panas, dapat diturunkan dengan pemberian aspirin secara nyata (P

Injection of female mammalian animals with gonadotropin prior to mating using superovulation dose increases estradiol 17beta (E2) synthesis and secretion and improves the growth and development of the uterus to support prenatal growth with the side effect of increasing litter size. This experiment was designed to study the effects of low doses of PMSG injection in heifers on the growth of granulose cells (GC) of pre-ovulatory follicles, E2 synthesis, and uterine glands growth and development. Nine Ongole-grade heifers were divided into three groups of doses of PMSG injection, i.e., 0 IU/kg BW, 0.5 IU/kg BW, and 1.0 IU/kg BW. The injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) was conducted at the early stage of the second follicle wave. Blood samples were collected at estrus (day 0) to measure plasma E2 concentrations. The ovary and uterus were collected for histological observation after slaughtering the animal. The results showed that non-superovulation doses of PMSG injections at the second follicle wave significantly increased the growth of GC that eventually produced a significantly higher plasma E2 concentration by 39.47% and 113.57%, in heifers receiving 0.5 IU/kg BW and 1.0 IU/kg BW (p

Heat shock protein plays an essential role in thermoregulatory during heat stress responses. This study aims to determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -69T>G in the promoter region of the heat shock protein 70 member 1A (HSPA1A) gene on heat tolerance in Bali cattle. One hundred and sixteen heads of Bali cattle were collected from different locations such as Pangyangan, Bali Island; Serading, Sumbawa Island; and Sembalun, Lombok Island. The SNP was analyzed by genotyping using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), which used BstUI enzyme restriction. Physiological responses including respiration rate (Rr), rectal temperature (Tr), heart rate (Hr), heat tolerance coefficient (HTC), and blood glucose level (Glu) were measured. Association analysis was conducted using a general linear model by setting genotype, altitude, and sex as factors. The SNP -69T>G variant of HSPA1A gene found in this study were wild type (TT) with 144 bp & 498 bp; GG with 144, 236, & 262 bp; and TG with 144, 236, 262, & 498 bp. Bali cattle with the GG genotype had lower (pG HSPA1A was associated with the physiological performances of Bali cattle. SNP -69T>G of HSPA1A could be utilized for candidate marker-assisted selection of Bali cattle to improve the performance of heat tolerance.

The study was conducted to evaluate the duration of road transportation during 4, 8 and 12 hours on body weight loss, hematological and biochemical responses of sheep. Twenty-four male Javanese thin tailed sheep were separated into transported group (T4, T8 and T12) and non-transported group (NT4, NT8 and NT12). Transportation (T) groups were transported for 4, 8 and 12 h in the same open pick up with 0.28 m2/head of loading density. Body weight, haematological and biochemical blood profiles were determined. The results showed that increasing of transportation duration significantly increased (P

The study examined the effectiveness of ethyl-acetate fraction of Pelawan extract on the activities of superoxide dismutases in physiological repairing of uterus in postpartum rat based on SOD activity, MDA concentration, and Cu, Zn SOD expressions. The experiment was arranged with a factorial, completely randomized design. Seventy-two female rats were divided into 4 groups, namely, control 1 (P01= 9), control 2 (P02= 9), giving birth once (P1= 27), and giving birth twice (P2= 27). The experimental rats were given treatments orally with 4 doses, namely 0 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, 100 mg/kg BW, and 150 mg/kg BW. Observation data were taken on days 0, 3, and 5 after parturition. Variables measured were SOD activity, MDA levels, and the number of cells in the uterine tissue expressing Cu, Zn SOD. The results of studies on the condition of P01, P02, P1, and P2 showed significant changes in Cu, Zn SOD expressions. The low of SOD and MDA activities were found at doses of 100 mg and 150 mg. The high number of cells expressing Cu, Zn SOD in the epithelium cells and gland cells were found at a dose of 100 mg. Antioxidant plant extracts and their dosages determine the activities of SOD, MDA, and Cu, Zn SOD expressions in the uterus that will affect the process of repairing and involution of uterine tissue. Allegedly, the bioactive compounds extracted at certain doses effectively affect the physiological repair of cells in the uterine tissue of postpartum mothers.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of curcumin supplementation inexpose monochromatic light on serum lipid concentrations of sexually mature female magelang duck. One hundred and ninety two female magelang ducks were assigned into a completely randomized design with a 4×4 factorial arrangement and each experimental unit was repeated 3 times, each with 4 female magelang ducks. The first factor was dose of curcumin supplementation consisted of 4 levels i.e., 0, 9, 18, and 36 mg/duck/day. The second factor was the color of monochromatic light consisted of 4 levels i.e., white, red, green, and blue colors. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The result showed that serum concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower (P

The liver of female poultry has a vital role as an organ for biosynthesis of the yolk precursor and has a greater chance of experiencing cellular damages. This experiment was designed to study the uses of curcumin and monochromatic light in suppressing liver destruction during the period of yolk biosynthesis in Magelang ducks. One hundred and ninety two female Magelang ducks were assigned into a completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement. The first factor was dose of curcumin supplementation consisted of 4 levels i.e., 0, 9, 18, and 36 mg. The second factor was the color of monochromatic light consisted of 4 levels i.e., white, red, green, and blue. The results showed that hydropic and fat degenerations in the livers of Magelang ducks entering laying phase were still in a normal range. There was an interaction effect between curcumin and monochromatic light on the serum SGPT/GOT and liver MDA concentrations (P

This experiment was conducted to determine the role of turmeric powder in lipid metabolism andits influence on the quality of the first quail’s egg. Sixty female quails were assigned into a completelyrandomized design with four treatments (levels of turmeric powder i.e., 0; 13.5; 27; and 54mg/quail/day) and each treatment used 15 quails. The treatment was conducted for 60 days. Parametersmeasured were proximate analysis and the quality of the first layed eggs. At the end of the experiment,serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, abdominal and pectoral fat weights, and feedconsumption were measured. Chemical analysis showed that turmeric powder contained 7.97%curcumin. Supplementation of turmeric powder lowered serum cholesterol and triglycerideconcentrations, egg fat and protein contents, haugh unit and yolk index, but did not affect feed intake,abdominal and pectoral fat weights, egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, and egg shellindex. However, quails supplemented with turmeric powder showed a variation in egg laying delayranging from 1 to 16 days. Quails supplemented with 54 mg/d turmeric powder had the highest follicleshierarchy. It was concluded that supplementation of turmeric powder with the level of 54 mg/quail/daydecreased lipid content of the egg and improved the other egg quality parameters.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jakarta dan Bogor dari bulan Januari hingga Pebruari 2012.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu kritis (suhu dan kelembaban udara) pada sapi dara peranakan Fries Holland berdasarkan indikator respon fisiologis.Pakan diberikan dua kali setiap hari dengan rumput dan konsentrat.Enam ekor sapi dara yang digunakan dalam penelitiannya.Parameter respon fisiologis yang diamati meliputi suhu kulit, suhu rektal, dan suhu tubuh selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan suhu kritis pada sapi dara yang dihitung dengan program Artificial Neural Network (ANN) di dareah Jakarta dan Bogor. Berdasarkan indikator respon fisiologis untuk menentukan suhu kritis dengan program ANN yang paling sensitif melalui suhu rektal dan suhu kulit baik di Jakarta maupun Bogor Kata kunci: suhu kritis, sapi dara, indikator respon fisiologis

Cholesterol is known to play an important role in nutrition of crustacean and function as a precursor for steroids synthesis, while neurohormone of serotonin could induce ovarian maturation in crustacean. Ovarian development of adult females Scylla serrata was induced by adding cholesterol in the diet and serotonin injection. This research was designed to study the effectiveness of cholesterol supplementation and serotonin injection in ovarian development. Broodstocks were stocked in nine experimental units in three fiber tanks. The fiber tank was equipped with sands substrate and flow through seawater system. The experimental crabs were assigned into a completely randomized design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. The first factor was cholesterol supplementation in the diet with 3 levels (0, 0,5 and 1,0%). The second factor was serotonin injection with 3 levels (0, 5 and 10 μg/g BW). Samples of broodstock were taken every four days to evaluate the stages of ovarian maturity and parameters were used to evaluate the ovarian maturation stage are gonad index (GI) and oocyte diameter, concentration of estradiol 17β, yolk protein concentrations, and fecundity. Results showed that female crabs supplemented with 0,5% cholesterol and a combination of cholesterol 0,5% supplementation and injection serotonin with a dose of 10 μg/g BW had better reproduction development. It is concluded that ovarian development of Scylla serrata could be improved by cholesterol supplementation and serotonin injection. Key words: Cholesterol, serotonin, ovarian development, Scylla serrata ABSTRAK Kolesterol diketahui merupakan nutrien spesifik yang berperan dalam sisntesis hormon steroid dan mengontrol reproduksi, sementara serotonin merupakan salah satu neurohormon yang dilaporkan dapat merangsang pematangan ovari dan pemijahan pada krustase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pemberian kolesterol yang optimal dalam pakan buatan, serta dosis penyuntikan serotonin yang efektif untuk mempercepat proses perkembangan dan pematangan ovarium induk kepiting bakau Scylla serrata. Pemeliharaan induk dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga buah bak fiber. Bak pemeliharaan dilengkapi dengan substrat pasir dan sistim air laut mengalir. Eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial, dengan 9 satuan percobaan. Faktor pertama, suplemen kolesterol didalam pakan dengan 3 tingkat dosis (0; 0,5; dan 1%) dan faktor kedua, injeksi serotonin dengan 3 tingkat dosis (0, 5, dan 10 μg/g bobot tubuh). Pengamatan terhadap tingkat kematangan ovari dilakukan setiap 4 hari sekali. Paramater pengambilan sampel meliputi tingkat kematangan ovari, indeks gonad dan diameter oosit, konsentrasi estradiol 17β, konsentrasi protein yolk, dan fekunditas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk kepiting yang disuplementasi dengan dosis kolesterol 0,5% dan induk kepiting yang mendapat perlakuan kombinasi, suplementasi kolesterol 0,5% dan injeksi serotonin dosis 10 μg/g bobot tubuh dapat menghasilkan perkembangan ovari yang terbaik. Jadi kolesterol dan serotonin dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan ovari. Kata-kata kunci: Kolesterol, serotonin, perkembangan ovari, Scylla serrata

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E and n-3 fatty acids on the gonad maturation, egg and larva quality of Nile tilapia. Fish were treated by various combinations of dietary dosage of vitamin E (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg feed) and fish oil (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg feed). Three hundreds and twenty pairs of broodstock fish (female at stage of maturity II) were selected and used for this experiment. Fish were fed on the experimental diets three times a day at satiation. The tested of parameters such as gonad somatic index, egg diameter, fecundity, number of spawned fish, hatching rate, and survival rate. Results of the experiment indicated that supplementation of vitamin E and fish oil stimulated gonad development and increased fecundity, hatching rate and survival rate of Nile tilapia larva. Combination of vitamin E 150 mg/kg feed and fish oil 30 g/kg feed significantly improved egg and larva quality of Nile tilapia. Thus, combination of vitamin E in 150 mg/kg diet with fish oil in dose 30 g/kg diet give the best reproduction performance. Keywords: Nile tilapia, fish oil, vitamin E, reproduction performance ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kadar kombinasi vitamin E dan asam lemak esensial n-3 untuk pematangan gonad, kualitas telur dan larva ikan nila. Adapun dosis dari masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 4 taraf. Untuk vitamin E yaitu: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, dan 200 mg/kg pakan sedangkan minyak ikan yaitu: 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 30 g/kg dan 40 g/kg pakan. Ikan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 320 ekor induk betina dan 320 ekor induk jantan dan diseleksi. Setiap hari ikan diberi pakan uji 2 kali sehari (pagi dan sore) secara at satiation. Selama periode pemeliharaan parameter yang diamati meliputi: indeks gonad somatik, diameter telur, fekunditas, jumlah induk yang memijah, derajat tetas telur, dan ketahanan hidup larva. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan kombinasi dosis vitamin E 150 mg/kg dan minyak ikan 30 g/kg memberi respons terhadap perkembangan gonad, fekunditas, derajat tetas telur dan ketahanan hidup larva ikan nila. Kombinasi vitamin E 150 mg/kg dan minyak ikan 30 g/kg pakan memberi pengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan kualitas telur dan larva ikan nila. Dengan demikian, kombinasi vitamin E 150 mg/kg dan minyak ikan 30 g/kg pakan adalah memberi hasil terbaik pada performa reproduksi. Kata kunci: ikan nila, minyak ikan, vitamin E, performa reproduksi

The n-hexane fraction of “jaloh” extract could reduce detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chicken. An experiment was conducted to study morphometric of small intestine villi (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and performances of broiler exposed to heat stress on 33±1oC for 4 hours/day and given extract n-hexane of “jaloh” bark (EHJ) with doses 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight (BW). Thirty broilers aged 20 days (Cobb strain) were randomly divided into 5 groups of treatments. The first treatment group was external control namely chickens without heat stress and without EHJ administration (tCP). The second group of treatment was internal control representing chickens exposed to heat stress without EHJ administration (CP). The third, fourth, and fifth treatment groups consisted of chickens exposed to heat stress and given 5 (CP+EHJ5), 10 (CP+EHJ10), and 20 mg/kg BW of EHJ (CP+EHJ20), respectively. Heat stress and “jaloh” extract were implemented every day. “Jaloh” extracts were given 1 hour before temperature in the cage was raised. Results showed that heat stress decreased weight gain and height of jejunum villi, and increased feed conversion ratio. The dose of 10 mg/kg BW of EHJ can improve performance of broiler chickens and morphometric of small intestine villi.

Zinc and Cu have important roles in growth and immune system, but their bioavailability are low due to the phytic acid content in poultry diet. This experiment was conducted in order to obtain the best combination of phytase, Zn, and Cu as growth stimulants for broiler fed diet containing phytic acid. Two hundred eighty eight Day Old Chicks unsexed were allocated into nine treatment diets with four replications (eight chicks in each replicate). The birds were raised up to 42 days old. Combination of the treatment diets were: R1 (positive control), R2 (negative control), R3 (R2 + 132.70 ppm ZnO), R4 (R2 + 286.16 ppm CuSO4), R5 (R2 + 132.70 ppm ZnO + 286.16 ppm CuSO4), R6 (R2 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg), R7 (R2 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg + 132.70 ppm ZnO), R8 (R2 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg + 286.16 ppm CuSO4 ), R9 (R2 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg + 132.70 ppm ZnO + 286.16 ppm CuSO4). The results of this research indicated that the phytase supplementation (1000 FTU/kg), ZnO (132.70 ppm), and CuSO4 (286.16 ppm) in poultry diet 1) improved the body weight and feed conversion, but did not significantly influence the feed consumption, 2) increased serum Zn, and 3) increased the alkalin and phosphatase activity.

Phytate is commonly high in cereals grain. This compound can be extracted with acid solution. The purpose of this study is to extract phytic acid from pollard using acetic acid at the concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5%. Pollard was fractionated using vibrator ball mill to evaluate the distribution of phytic acid in the particle of pollard. One percent of acetic acid was used to extract phytic acid from pollard at ratio of 1:1; 1:1.5; 1:2; and 1:3. The fraction having particle size of 16, 30 and 50 mesh had similar phytic acid content. The results indicated that phytic acid content of these fractions was higher than that of 100 and 400 mesh fractions. Whole pollard had higher phytic acid content than its fractions. Phytic acid in pollard can be extracted by 1% acetic acid solution. Extraction of phytic acid from pollard using 1% acetic acid solution at ratio of 1:3 produced 23.83 g/kg.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with mineral soap, organic mineral and roasted soyabean on ration fermentability in the rumen of sheep. Thirty two Garut Sheep (initial weight 22.38 ± 3.56 kg) were assigned into a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments. Body weight was used as blocks (4 blocks). The treatments were FO: basal diet + fish oil, CO: basal diet + corn oil, CaFO: basal diet + calcium soap of fish oil, CaCO: basal diet + calcium soap of corn oil, ZnFO: basal diet + zinc soap of fish oil, ZnCO: basal diet + zinc soap of corn oil, RSB: basal diet + roasted soya bean, MM: basal diet + mineral mix (Zn, Cu, Cr, and Se-organic). The experimental diets were offered for 8 weeks. The results showed that ammonia concentrations of sheep fed CO, CaFO, CaCO, and MM were higher than those of sheep fed FO, ZnFO, ZnCO, RSB diets (9.28 v 6.75 mM). Vollatile fatty acid production was not affected by treatments (110.6 ± 7.69 mM). The levels of amonia and VFA in this experiment were suitable for microbial growth. Rumen bacterial population of sheep fed FO was the lowest (P

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of mineral soap, organic mineral and roasted soybean supplementations to improve productivity in ruminant animals. Thirty two Garut Sheep (initial body weight 22.38 ± 3.56 kg) were assigned into a randomized block design with eight treatments. Body weight was used as a block (4 blocks). Eight rations evaluated in this trial were FO: basal diet + fish oil, CO: basal diet + corn oil, CaFO: basal diet + calcium soap of fish oil, CaCO: basal diet + calcium soap of corn oil, ZnFO: basal diet + zinc soap of fish oil, ZnCO: basal diet + zinc soap of corn oil, RS: basal diet + roasted soybeans, MM: basal diet + mineral mix. The experimental diets were fed for 8 weeks. The result of the experiment showed that calcium soap improved animal growth better than did zinc soap. Daily gains of sheep fed FO (99 g/d), CaFO (114 g/d), CaCO (103 g/d), RS (105 g/d), and MM (103 g/d), diets were higher (P

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Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Animal & Veterinary Sciences / Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner is the property of Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Animal & Veterinary Sciences / Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner is the property of Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Animal & Veterinary Sciences / Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner is the property of Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infrared thermography (IRT) is an alternative solution that can be applied to replace invasive methods currently used in the monitoring of goats' physiological and hematological parameters. This study was done to compare and correlate the physiological and hematological conditions of young Sapera dairy goats and their correlations with results obtained by IRT. Four young Sapera dairy goats (weight of 26-28 kg) were kept in the individual rearing cage. Skin surface temperature (TS), rectal temperature (TR), body temperature (TB), heartbeat (HR), respiration rate (RR), and IRT at eyes, mouth, nose, legs, left body, right body, vagina, and vulva were monitored from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. in 2 h intervals. Blood samplings were done at the beginning and the end of the obsevation time. Results showed that IRTs at several body parts were positively correlated with physiological parameters, except for heartbeat. Negatively correlation was observed in hematological parameters. The highest correlation (r = +0.85) was observed in the correlation between the results of the left rear leg IRT on TB. It was concluded that IRT can be applied to examine goats' physiological conditions especially body temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports data on the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of Moringa oleifera simplicia and ethanol extract consisting of water content, acid-insoluble ash content, microbial contamination, heavy metal contamination, phytochemical analysis, TLC analysis, chemical profiling using LC-MS/MS, and the antioxidant activity. The M. oleifera leaves simplicia meet quality standards, except for ash content that exceeds the specified standards. Qualitative phytochemistry indicates that the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves contains flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. In total of 39 phytoconstituents were tentatively identified; the top 10 active compounds with the highest relative abundance percentage (%) are 4-undecylbenzenesulfonic acid (4,83), apigetrin (3,34), quercetin-3β-D-glucoside (3,28), D-(-)-quinic acid (1,69), corchorifatty acid F (1,52), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1,47), isopropylmalic acid (1,17), 13( S )-HOTrE (1,08), astragalin (0,99), and D-(+)-phenyllactic acid (0,70). The ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves contained a total phenolic content 7728,02 mg/kg, total flavonoids as quercetin content 1,19%, and antioxidant activity IC 50 1422,45 mg/kg., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Introduction: Curcuma longa is a well-known medicinal plant with various health benefits. This study was designed to evaluate the administration of Indonesian C. longa maceration for its effect on promoting growth and development of the ovary and uterus before mating in female albino rats., Material and Methods: A total of 15 female Sprague Dawley rats in their dioestrous phase were assigned into three different groups: the Control group (mineral water); the Cur-Low group (mineral water with 1% C. longa maceration) and the Cur-High group (mineral water with 5% C. longa maceration). The treatments were given for 20 days. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, oestradiol and progesterone were determined. After the sacrifice of the rats, ovary and uterine relative weight, uterine cornua diameter and length, uterine gland diameter (by histology), the number of primary, secondary, tertiary, and Graafian follicles, the number of corpora lutea and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the ovary were measured. Uterine vascularisation was also evaluated., Results: Administration of C. longa maceration significantly improved the relative weights of the uterus and ovary; uterine cornua diameter, length and vascularisation; uterine gland diameter; and expression of VEGF in the ovary. It also increased the number of tertiary follicles and corpora lutea, albeit not significantly. Follicle-stimulating hormone serum concentrations were lower in the administered rats., Conclusion: Oestradiol and progesterone levels rose with C. longa maceration treatment. The maceration improved the reproductive organs of unmated rats and had potential to optimise the uterine environment for supporting pregnancy in order to produce high-quality offspring., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interests Statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article., (© 2024 Andriyanto Andriyanto et al., published by Sciendo.)

Background and Aim: Global warming challenges cattle productivity and welfare since it affects heat stress and scarce feed. The heat-shock protein 70 ( HSP70 ) gene is essential in cytoprotection against stressors, protecting cells from dysregulated gene expression and apoptosis. This study aimed to identify significant genetic markers of the HSP70.1 gene that can be leveraged genetically to enhance thermotolerance and production in Bali cattle further., Materials and Methods: Animals were sampled from three different rearing systems. In this study, 83 healthy adult male Bali cattle without abnormalities were utilized. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity associated with the physiological and physical traits of Bali cattle was assessed using SNPStat online software. Gene expression for putative SNPs and their genotypic groups was further evaluated., Results: There were 15 polymorphic SNPs (c.-185G>A, c.-69T>G, c.10G>C, c.19A>G, c.45C>T, c.101INS, c.115T>C, c.130T>C, c.136G>T, c.159G>C, c.164G>T, c.234G>A, c.303G>A, c.333C>A, and c.456C>T) identified, of which 12 were associated with the assessed trait. Nine SNPs were associated with physiological traits, while eight were with physical traits. The c.136G>T as a novel, high minor allele frequency, and associative SNP was selected for HSP70 gene expression. Individuals with the TT genotype have a trim physique, susceptible physiology, and high HSP70 mRNA expression. On the other hand, the GG genotype was significantly associated with larger physique, lower physiology, and low HSP70 mRNA expression. The higher expression may indicate that HSP70.1 is involved in mitigating the deleterious effects of stress. As a result, the animal experienced negative energy balance, decreasing body size., Conclusion: Single-nucleotide polymorphism c.136G>T is a candidate biomarker for heat resistance traits in Bali cattle., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Suhendro, et al.)