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2. The EXO-200 detector, part II: Auxiliary Systems

Author

N. Ackerman, J. Albert, M. Auger, D.J. Auty, I. Badhrees, P.S. Barbeau, L. Bartoszek, E. Baussan, V. Belov, C. Benitez-Medina, T. Bhatta, M. Breidenbach, T. Brunner, G.F. Cao, W.R. Cen, C. Chambers, B. Cleveland, R. Conley, S. Cook, M. Coon, W. Craddock, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S.J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, C.G. Davis, J. Davis, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. deVoe, T. Didberidze, J. Dilling, A. Dobi, A.G. Dolgolenko, M.J. Dolinski, M. Dunford, J. Echevers, L. Espic, W. Fairbank, D. Fairbank, J. Farine, W. Feldmeier, S. Feyzbakhsh, P. Fierlinger, K. Fouts, D. Franco, D. Freytag, D. Fudenberg, P. Gautam, G. Giroux, R. Gornea, K. Graham, G. Gratta, C. Hagemann, C. Hall, K. Hall, G. Haller, E.V. Hansen, C. Hargrove, R. Herbst, S. Herrin, J. Hodgson, M. Hughes, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, C. Jessiman, M.J. Jewell, A. Johnson, T.N. Johnson, S. Johnston, A. Karelin, L.J. Kaufman, R. Killick, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K.S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, D.S. Leonard, F. Leonard, F. LePort, G.S. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y.H. Lin, D. Mackay, R. MacLellan, M. Marino, J.-M. Martin, Y. Martin, T. McElroy, K. McFarlane, T. Michel, B. Mong, D.C. Moore, K. Murray, R. Neilson, R. Nelson, O. Njoya, O. Nusair, K. O'Sullivan, A. Odian, I. Ostrovskiy, C. Ouellet, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, C.Y. Prescott, K. Pushkin, F. Retiere, A. Rivas, A.L. Robinson, E. Rollin, P.C. Rowson, M.P. Rozo, J. Runge, J.J. Russell, S. Schmidt, A. Schubert, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, S. Slutsky, E. Smith, A.K. Soma, V. Stekhanov, V. Strickland, M. Swift, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, D. Tosi, T.I. Totev, R. Tsang, K. Twelker, B. Veenstra, V. Veeraraghavan, J.-L. Vuilleumier, J.-M. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, A. Waite, J. Walton, T. Walton, K. Wamba, J. Watkins, M. Weber, L.J. Wen, U. Wichoski, M. Wittgen, J. Wodin, J. Wood, G. Wrede, S.X. Wu, Q. Xia, L. Yang, Y.-R. Yen, O.Ya. Zeldovich, and T. Ziegler

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The EXO-200 experiment searched for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase liquid xenon detector. It used an active mass of 110 kg of 80.6%-enriched liquid xenon in an ultra-low background time projection chamber with ionization and scintillation detection and readout. This paper describes the design and performance of the various support systems necessary for detector operation, including cryogenics, xenon handling, and controls. Novel features of the system were driven by the need to protect the thin-walled detector chamber containing the liquid xenon, to achieve high chemical purity of the Xe, and to maintain thermal uniformity across the detector., Manuscript updated in response to JINST reviewer comments

Published
2021

4. Imaging individual barium atoms in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO

Author

X. S. Jiang, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, T. Tolba, S. Rescia, D. Fairbank, A. Piepke, Y. Y. Ding, O. Zeldovich, D. Kodroff, T. Daniels, J. Echevers, R. DeVoe, M. Hughes, Simon Johnston, R. Saldanha, O. Nusair, R. Krücken, Alexis G. Schubert, R. MacLellan, G. St-Hilaire, C. Chambers, I. J. Arnquist, Lorenzo Fabris, J.-L. Vuilleumier, N. Roy, Yuehe Lin, U. Wichoski, L. Cao, David Moore, B. T. Cleveland, John L. Orrell, S. Kravitz, F. Nolet, Veljko Radeka, Jens Dilling, B. Mong, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, T. Ziegler, J. P. Brodsky, T. Bhatta, P. C. Rowson, A.C. Odian, I. Badhrees, M. Heffner, Z. Li, Gerrit Wrede, D. Fudenberg, S. X. Wu, M. Tarka, F. Vachon, G. Li, Douglas H Beck, L. J. Wen, S. Parent, Samuele Sangiorgio, A. House, David Leonard, W. Cree, L. Darroch, J. Todd, G. Gallina, Y-R Yen, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, I. Ostrovskiy, K. S. Kumar, D. A. Harris, X.L. Sun, J. B. Zhao, S. Delaquis, T. Stiegler, A. Kuchenkov, M. J. Dolinski, X. F. Wu, A. Larson, Yunyan Zhou, O. Njoya, E. V. Hansen, Giorgio Gratta, K. Skarpaas, Ethan Brown, A. Iverson, Triveni Rao, M. Weber, Shu Li, A. Karelin, P. Hufschmidt, David A. Sinclair, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, T. Rossignol, M. J. Jewell, Qun-Yao Wang, Zhijun Ning, Y. Ito, L. J. Kaufman, Wei Wei, Rejean Fontaine, S. J. Daugherty, F. Bourque, Y. Lan, Liang Yang, R. Tsang, A. Jamil, S. Feyzbakhsh, C. Licciardi, W. R. Cen, R. Gornea, Guofu Cao, E. Raguzin, J. Farine, Eric W. Hoppe, Gerard Visser, A. Burenkov, T. Brunner, Arun Kumar Soma, Justin Albert, J. Watkins, V.N. Stekhanov, M. Coon, A. Pocar, Cory T. Overman, T. Tsang, A. Craycraft, Venkatesh Veeraraghavan, F. Retiere, Angelo Dragone, Jochen M. Schneider, Qing Xia, X. Zhang, M. Chiu, J. Hößl, P. S. Barbeau, G. S. Ortega, Jean-Francois Pratte, V. A. Belov, M. Oriunno, Serge A. Charlebois, T. I. Totev, K. Murray, Gisela Anton, T. Walton, J. Daughhetee, A. E. Robinson, K. Odgers, M. Côté, Thilo Michel, and Gabriele Giacomini

Subjects
Physics, Sapphire window, Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Barium, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Background level, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Neutrino, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Author(s): Chambers, C; Walton, T; Fairbank, D; Craycraft, A; Yahne, DR; Todd, J; Iverson, A; Fairbank, W; Alamare, A; Albert, JB; Anton, G; Arnquist, IJ; Badhrees, I; Barbeau, PS; Beck, D; Belov, V; Bhatta, T; Bourque, F; Brodsky, JP; Brown, E; Brunner, T; Burenkov, A; Cao, GF; Cao, L; Cen, WR; Charlebois, SA; Chiu, M; Cleveland, B; Coon, M; Cree, W; Cote, M; Dalmasson, J; Daniels, T; Darroch, L; Daugherty, SJ; Daughhetee, J; Delaquis, S; Mesrobian-Kabakian, A Der; DeVoe, R; Dilling, J; Ding, YY; Dolinski, MJ; Dragone, A; Echevers, J; Fabris, L; Farine, J; Feyzbakhsh, S; Fontaine, R; Fudenberg, D; Giacomini, G; Gornea, R; Gratta, G; Hansen, EV; Heffner, M; Hoppe, EW; Hosl, J; House, A; Hufschmidt, P; Hughes, M; Ito, Y; Jamil, A; Jessiman, C; Jewell, MJ; Jiang, XS; Karelin, A; Kaufman, LJ; Kodroff, D; Koffas, T; Kravitz, S; Krucken, R; Kuchenkov, A; Kumar, KS; Lan, Y; Larson, A; Leonard, DS; Li, G; Li, S; Li, Z; Licciardi, C; Lin, YH; Lv, P; MacLellan, R; Michel, T; Mong, B; Moore, DC | Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay probes the fundamental properties of neutrinos, including whether or not the neutrino and antineutrino are distinct. Double beta detectors are large and expensive, so background reduction is essential for extracting the highest sensitivity. The identification, or 'tagging', of the $^{136}$Ba daughter atom from double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe provides a technique for eliminating backgrounds in the nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The tagging scheme studied in this work utilizes a cryogenic probe to trap the barium atom in solid xenon, where the barium atom is tagged via fluorescence imaging in the solid xenon matrix. Here we demonstrate imaging and counting of individual atoms of barium in solid xenon by scanning a focused laser across a solid xenon matrix deposited on a sapphire window. When the laser sits on an individual atom, the fluorescence persists for $\sim$30~s before dropping abruptly to the background level, a clear confirmation of one-atom imaging. No barium fluorescence persists following evaporation of a barium deposit to a limit of $\leq$0.16\%. This is the first time that single atoms have been imaged in solid noble element. It establishes the basic principle of a barium tagging technique for nEXO.

Published
2019

5. Gray Iron Aging Effects As Measured Using NDT and Microstructural Analysis

Author

J. W. Cree

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Precipitation (chemistry), Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 020501 mining & metallurgy, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Casting (metalworking), Ferrite (iron), Nondestructive testing, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Metallography, Gray iron, Graphite, business, Titanium
Abstract

Gray (flake graphite) iron is well known to age at room temperature after casting, as evidenced by increasing strength and hardness over time, but there are conflicting theories/beliefs regarding the cause(s) of such aging response(s). Some researchers have concluded that those aging responses result from slow precipitation of submicroscopic nitrogen precipitates that are modified by interaction with titanium,1–7 but both of those elements are also known to have significant effects on graphite and matrix morphology.8–10 The results of this study correlate the logarithmic room temperature aging responses as measured by pitch and catch ultrasonic velocity testing to quantified metallography metrics and mechanical properties in providing an alternate explanation for the aging responses of gray iron. Since the positive logarithmic aging curves are characteristic of natural decay phenomena of which stress relief is an example, stress relief is a viable alternate explanation for gray iron aging effects.

Published
2016

6. Deep Neural Networks for Energy and Position Reconstruction in EXO-200

Author

P. C. Rowson, Y.-R. Yen, A. Pocar, Douglas H Beck, J. C. Davis, W. Cree, T. Richards, Venkatesh Veeraraghavan, S. Delaquis, P. Hufschmidt, R. Krücken, M. Hughes, A. P. Waite, A. Karelin, Thomas Koffas, David Moore, W. M. Fairbank, Arun Kumar Soma, P. S. Barbeau, D. Fudenberg, A. Piepke, A. Craycraft, David A. Sinclair, M. J. Dolinski, Yuehe Lin, R. Bayerlein, Martin Breidenbach, G. S. Li, S. J. Daugherty, J. Dalmasson, V.N. Stekhanov, G. Wrede, K. S. Kumar, Stefan Schmidt, M. Tarka, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, D. A. Harris, B. Mong, T. Daniels, C. R. Hall, Y. Lan, R. DeVoe, C. Chambers, J. Farine, Giorgio Gratta, Mikhail Danilov, U. Wichoski, A. S. Johnson, J. Todd, B. T. Cleveland, W. R. Cen, A. Kuchenkov, T. Ziegler, T. Tolba, A. Robinson, M. Wagenpfeil, R. MacLellan, M. Coon, J. L. Vuilleumier, E. V. Hansen, M. J. Jewell, J. Watkins, Liang Yang, D. S. Leonard, A. Jamil, S. Feyzbakhsh, Thilo Michel, Qing Xia, P. Fierlinger, C. Licciardi, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, K. Murray, Gisela Anton, T. Brunner, L. J. Kaufman, O. Ya. Zeldovich, A. Dolgolenko, J. Hoessl, A. Schubert, Marc Weber, J. Daughhetee, F. Retière, J. B. Albert, V. A. Belov, R. Gornea, I. Ostrovskiy, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, Shu Li, Jens Dilling, I. Badhrees, A. Odian, and S. Kravitz

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Artificial neural network, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, Calibration (statistics), Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, Pattern recognition (psychology), Waveform, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Algorithm, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Energy (signal processing), Event reconstruction
Abstract

We apply deep neural networks (DNN) to data from the EXO-200 experiment. In the studied cases, the DNN is able to reconstruct the relevant parameters - total energy and position - directly from raw digitized waveforms, with minimal exceptions. For the first time, the developed algorithms are evaluated on real detector calibration data. The accuracy of reconstruction either reaches or exceeds what was achieved by the conventional approaches developed by EXO-200 over the course of the experiment. Most existing DNN approaches to event reconstruction and classification in particle physics are trained on Monte Carlo simulated events. Such algorithms are inherently limited by the accuracy of the simulation. We describe a unique approach that, in an experiment such as EXO-200, allows to successfully perform certain reconstruction and analysis tasks by training the network on waveforms from experimental data, either reducing or eliminating the reliance on the Monte Carlo., Accepted version. 33 pages, 28 figures

Published
2018

7. Search for nucleon decays with EXO-200

Author

M. Hughes, E. V. Hansen, A. P. Waite, Simon Johnston, T. Tolba, A.C. Odian, Liang Yang, A. Jamil, C. R. Hall, David Moore, O. Ya. Zeldovich, G. S. Li, T. Didberidze, B. T. Cleveland, L. J. Kaufman, Martin Breidenbach, R. MacLellan, M. Coon, S. J. Daugherty, R. DeVoe, R. H. Nelson, A. Pocar, U. Wichoski, Arun Kumar Soma, C. Chambers, P. C. Rowson, Petr Vogel, P. S. Barbeau, Guofu Cao, M. Danilov, M. J. Jewell, T. Ziegler, W. Cree, Yuehe Lin, David Leonard, V. A. Belov, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, S. Delaquis, F. Retiere, K. S. Kumar, J. Zettlemoyer, S. Feyzbakhsh, V.N. Stekhanov, Douglas H Beck, J. C. Davis, Y-R Yen, A. Craycraft, B. Mong, D. Fudenberg, Samuel Homiller, J. Daughhetee, A. Piepke, K. Graham, M. J. Dolinski, C. Licciardi, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, Peter Fierlinger, R. Bayerlein, Gerrit Wrede, A. Johnson, Thilo Michel, A. Karelin, Giorgio Gratta, M. Tarka, J. Farine, A. Dolgolenko, K. Murray, Y. Lan, J. Hoessl, P. Hufschmidt, M. Wagenpfeil, David A. Sinclair, Gisela Anton, A. Robinson, T. Walton, T. Brunner, Alexis G. Schubert, A. Kuchenkov, Justin Albert, R. Tsang, W. R. Cen, R. Gornea, L. J. Wen, Marc Weber, R. Krücken, Jens Dilling, I. Badhrees, T. Daniels, J.-L. Vuilleumier, S. Kravitz, I. Ostrovskiy, O. Njoya, Shu Li, and S. Schmidt

Subjects
Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Isotopes of xenon, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Physics, Quantum Physics, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Molecular, Fermion, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, ddc, Baryon, Nucleon, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

A search for instability of nucleons bound in Xe136 nuclei is reported with 223 kg·yr exposure of Xe136 in the EXO-200 experiment. Lifetime limits of 3.3×1023 and 1.9×1023 yr are established for nucleon decay to Sb133 and Te133, respectively. These are the most stringent to date, exceeding the prior decay limits by a factor of 9 and 7, respectively.

Published
2018

8. VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO

Author

A. Jamil, T. Ziegler, P. Hufschmidt, G. Li, L. Lupin-Jimenez, T. Michel, I. Ostrovskiy, F. Retiere, J. Schneider, M. Wagenpfeil, A. Alamre, J. B. Albert, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P. S. Barbeau, D. Beck, V. Belov, T. Bhatta, F. Bourque, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, A. Burenkov, G. F. Cao, L. Cao, W. R. Cen, C. Chambers, S. A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, M. Cote, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S. J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. DeVoe, J. Dilling, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Fontaine, D. Fudenberg, G. Gallina, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, E. V. Hansen, D. Harris, M. Hasan, M. Heffner, J. HoBl, E. W. Hoppe, A. House, M. Hughes, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, C. Jessiman, M. J. Jewell, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krucken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, D. S. Leonard, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y. H. Lin, P. Lv, R. MacLellan, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Murray, R. J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, O. Nusair, K. Odgers, A. Odian, M. Oriunno, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, C. T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, J.-F. Pratte, D. Qiu, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, T. Rao, S. Rescia, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, S. Schmidt, A. Schubert, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, A. K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, X. L. Sun, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, T. I. Totev, R. Tsang, T. Tsang, F. Vachon, B. Veenstra, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J.-L. Vuilleumier, Q. Wang, J. Watkins, M. Weber, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, G. Wrede, S. X. Wu, W. H. Wu, Q. Xia, L. Yang, Y.-R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, and Y. Zhou

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Noble gas, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Avalanche photodiode, 01 natural sciences, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Xenon, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

Future tonne-scale liquefied noble gas detectors depend on efficient light detection in the VUV range. In the past years Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as a valid alternative to standard photomultiplier tubes or large area avalanche photodiodes. The next generation double beta decay experiment, nEXO, with a 5 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber, will use SiPMs for detecting the $178\,\text{nm}$ xenon scintillation light, in order to achieve an energy resolution of $\sigma / Q_{\beta\beta} = 1\, \%$. This paper presents recent measurements of the VUV-HD generation SiPMs from Fondazione Bruno Kessler in two complementary setups. It includes measurements of the photon detection efficiency with gaseous xenon scintillation light in a vacuum setup and dark measurements in a dry nitrogen gas setup. We report improved photon detection efficiency at $175\,\text{nm}$ compared to previous generation devices, that would meet the criteria of nEXO. Furthermore, we present the projected nEXO detector light collection and energy resolution that could be achieved by using these SiPMs., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables

Published
2018
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9. Searches for double beta decay of Xe134 with EXO-200

Author

L. J. Kaufman, Yuehe Lin, J. J. Russell, K. S. Kumar, T. Michel, Douglas H Beck, T. Daniels, Y-R Yen, J. Walton, M. Danilov, M. J. Jewell, I. Ostrovskiy, C. R. Hall, Y. Lan, David Leonard, A. S. Johnson, P. C. Rowson, J. Daughhetee, R. DeVoe, J. B. Albert, Petr Vogel, O. Ya. Zeldovich, A. Schubert, R. MacLellan, W. Cree, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, J. Hoessl, O. Njoya, S. Delaquis, A.C. Odian, F. Retiere, P. Hufschmidt, Shu Li, R. Krücken, M. Hughes, Peter Fierlinger, S. Feyzbakhsh, J. Zettlemoyer, A. P. Waite, David A. Sinclair, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, J. L. Vuilleumier, C. Licciardi, M. Tarka, P. S. Barbeau, A. Craycraft, K. Graham, Jens Dilling, I. Badhrees, C. Chambers, E. Smith, Martin Breidenbach, R. Bayerlein, A. Piepke, A. Karelin, Michael G. Marino, S. J. Daugherty, K. Murray, S. Johnston, David Moore, T. Didberidze, R. H. Nelson, B. T. Cleveland, Gisela Anton, T. Walton, A. Kuchenkov, J. Davis, M. Wagenpfeil, Guofu Cao, U. Wichoski, A. Dolgolenko, B. Mong, Giorgio Gratta, T. Ziegler, T. Tolba, L. J. Wen, Marc Weber, D. Fudenberg, M. J. Dolinski, S. Kravitz, Liang Yang, A. Jamil, R. Tsang, W. R. Cen, R. Gornea, M. Coon, A. Pocar, J. Farine, V. Belov, V.N. Stekhanov, and T. Brunner

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Particle detector, 3. Good health, Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Isotopes of xenon, Nuclear astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Radioactive decay
Abstract

Searches for double beta decay of ^(134)Xe were performed with EXO-200, a single-phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of ^(136)Xe. Using an exposure of 29.6 kg⋅yr, the lower limits of T^(2νββ_+(1/2) > 8.7×10^(20) yr and T^(0νββ)_(1/2) > 1.1×10^(23) yr at 90% confidence level were derived, with corresponding half-life sensitivities of 1.2×10^(21) yr and 1.9×10^(23) yr. These limits exceed those in the literature for ^(134)Xe, improving by factors of nearly 105 and 2 for the two antineutrino and neutrinoless modes, respectively.

Published
2017

10. Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double beta decay

Author

J. L. Vuilleumier, B. Mong, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, A. Piepke, J. Todd, Y. Y. Ding, M. Heffner, Yuehe Lin, John L. Orrell, E. Raguzin, X.L. Sun, J. B. Zhao, C. T. Overman, R. Krücken, D. Qiu, Z. Li, Giorgio Gratta, A. Burenkov, M. Hasan, Arun Kumar Soma, L. J. Kaufman, R. DeVoe, S. J. Daugherty, Samuele Sangiorgio, M. Hughes, K. S. Kumar, V. Veeraraghavan, Y. Lan, Wei Wei, Petr Vogel, Rejean Fontaine, J. Daughhetee, A. Craycraft, U. Wichoski, Ethan Brown, F. Bourque, M. J. Jewell, M. Coon, D. Harris, Yu-Guang Zhou, T. Ziegler, T. Tolba, G. St-Hilaire, T. Tsang, Qun-Yao Wang, T. Stiegler, M. Chiu, J. P. Brodsky, David Moore, F. Retiere, Y. Ito, J. Zettlemoyer, Douglas H Beck, M. Oriunno, Zhijun Ning, S. Johnston, O. Zeldovich, G. Visser, A. Karelin, J. Hößl, A. Pocar, R. Tsang, T. Didberidze, S. Kravitz, Guofu Cao, T. N. Johnson, J. Schneider, P. Hufschmidt, E. V. Hansen, Y-R Yen, David A. Sinclair, F. Vachon, Ryan Killick, David Leonard, K. Murray, Liang Yang, R. J. Newby, Thomas Koffas, A. Jamil, D. Fudenberg, W. M. Fairbank, Gisela Anton, M. Côté, P. C. Rowson, T. Daniels, K. Graham, G. S. Ortega, B. T. Cleveland, M. J. Dolinski, V.N. Stekhanov, K. Odgers, Angelo Dragone, A. House, S. Rescia, A. Kuchenkov, W. Cree, Jean-Francois Pratte, Veljko Radeka, T. Rossignol, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Saldanha, S. Delaquis, T. Brunner, W. R. Cen, Serge A. Charlebois, C. Licciardi, G. S. Li, R. Gornea, K. Skarpaas, G. Wrede, I. J. Arnquist, M. Tarka, Wei Wu, X. S. Jiang, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, C. Chambers, A.C. Odian, G. Giacomini, A. Schubert, S. Parent, J. Farine, V. Belov, A. Robinson, L. Cao, F. Nolet, L. J. Wen, Marc Weber, S. X. Wu, Lorenzo Fabris, J. B. Albert, R. MacLellan, Thilo Michel, P. S. Barbeau, Jens Dilling, Xuan Zhang, I. Badhrees, I. Ostrovskiy, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, Shu Li, S. Schmidt, T. Rao, N. Roy, and E. W. Hoppe

Subjects
Physics, Time projection chamber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Active medium, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 3. Good health, Nuclear physics, Homogeneous, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Enriched Xenon Observatory, Nuclear Experiment, Order of magnitude
Abstract

The next-generation Enriched Xenon Observatory (nEXO) is a proposed experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay in $^{136}$Xe with a target half-life sensitivity of approximately $10^{28}$ years using $5\times10^3$ kg of isotopically enriched liquid-xenon in a time projection chamber. This improvement of two orders of magnitude in sensitivity over current limits is obtained by a significant increase of the $^{136}$Xe mass, the monolithic and homogeneous configuration of the active medium, and the multi-parameter measurements of the interactions enabled by the time projection chamber. The detector concept and anticipated performance are presented based upon demonstrated realizable background rates., Comment: v2 as published

Published
2017

11. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the Upgraded EXO-200 Detector

Author

M. Wagenpfeil, S. Feyzbakhsh, S. Johnston, Martin Breidenbach, M. Coon, P. Fierlinger, Liangjian Wen, S. J. Daugherty, Guofu Cao, K. Graham, C. Licciardi, S. Kravitz, O. Ya. Zeldovich, R. Bayerlein, A. Piepke, R. H. Nelson, A. Schubert, U. Wichoski, Marc Weber, B. T. Cleveland, E. V. Hansen, B. Mong, P. C. Rowson, Giorgio Gratta, A. Kuchenkov, T. Ziegler, P. S. Barbeau, W. Cree, J. Davis, R. Krücken, S. Delaquis, K. Murray, David Leonard, R. Tsang, M. J. Jewell, A. Karelin, V. A. Belov, Gisela Anton, Liang Yang, A. Jamil, J. J. Russell, J. Farine, J. B. Albert, T. Walton, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, M. Danilov, W. R. Cen, R. Gornea, J. Hoessl, Y. Lan, P. Hufschmidt, R. DeVoe, L. J. Kaufman, Douglas H Beck, J. Zettlemoyer, David A. Sinclair, Y-R Yen, J. Daughhetee, Yuehe Lin, C. Chambers, J. L. Vuilleumier, C. R. Hall, R. MacLellan, K. S. Kumar, A. Craycraft, T. Tolba, Thilo Michel, T. Brunner, A. S. Johnson, A. Dolgolenko, V.N. Stekhanov, A. Pocar, D. Fudenberg, M. Hughes, A. P. Waite, David Moore, T. Didberidze, Petr Vogel, F. Retiere, G. S. Li, M. J. Dolinski, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, I. Ostrovskiy, O. Njoya, Shu Li, S. Schmidt, Jens Dilling, I. Badhrees, A. Odian, Gerrit Wrede, M. Tarka, and T. Daniels

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Radon, 01 natural sciences, Confidence interval, High Energy Physics - Experiment, ddc, Nuclear physics, Lead shielding, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Upgrade, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Results from a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay $0\nu\beta\beta$ of $^{136}$Xe are presented using the first year of data taken with the upgraded EXO-200 detector. Relative to previous searches by EXO-200, the energy resolution of the detector has been improved to $\sigma/E$=1.23%, the electric field in the drift region has been raised by 50%, and a system to suppress radon in the volume between the cryostat and lead shielding has been implemented. In addition, analysis techniques that improve topological discrimination between $0\nu\beta\beta$ and background events have been developed. Incorporating these hardware and analysis improvements, the median 90% confidence level $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life sensitivity after combining with the full data set acquired before the upgrade has increased 2-fold to $3.7 \times 10^{25}$ yr. No statistically significant evidence for $0\nu\beta\beta$ is observed, leading to a lower limit on the $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life of $1.8\times10^{25}$ yr at the 90% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, final version submitted to PRL

Published
2017
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12. Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

Author

T. Stiegler, Douglas H Beck, R. Tsang, K. Murray, Gisela Anton, D. Fudenberg, R. Saldanha, Angelo Dragone, J. Todd, Y. Y. Ding, R. Krücken, Jochen M. Schneider, Y-R Yen, Jean-Francois Pratte, P. C. Rowson, K. Skarpaas, S. Kravitz, E. V. Hansen, Liang Yang, S. Feyzbakhsh, A. House, V. Veeraraghavan, R. J. Newby, A. Jamil, Ethan Brown, M. Chiu, W. Cree, A. Burenkov, S. Delaquis, M. Hughes, M. Côté, T. Daniels, Gabriele Giacomini, A. Pocar, Maulik R. Patel, M. Hasan, J. Farine, A. Karelin, R. DeVoe, Jens Dilling, Arun Kumar Soma, Zhijun Ning, T. Tolba, M. J. Jewell, I. Badhrees, David Moore, A. Robinson, T. Didberidze, B. Mong, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, I. J. Arnquist, Xiaoshan Jiang, Yuehe Lin, Veljko Radeka, A. Piepke, Gerrit Wrede, V.N. Stekhanov, J. B. Zhao, S. Parent, U. Wichoski, M. Oriunno, W. R. Cen, C. Chambers, R. Gornea, M. Heffner, A. Odian, D. Qiu, M. Tarka, S. Johnston, T. Ziegler, I. Ostrovskiy, John L. Orrell, E. Raguzin, Z. Li, T. Brunner, S. Rescia, S. X. Wu, Eric W. Hoppe, M. Coon, S. J. Daugherty, A. Schubert, O. Zeldovich, Cory T. Overman, G. Visser, Wei Wu, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, Triveni Rao, Y. Lan, Thomas Tsang, Shu Li, S. Schmidt, J. Daughhetee, Qian Wang, David Leonard, G. S. Ortega, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, Samuele Sangiorgio, Giorgio Gratta, J. L. Vuilleumier, B. T. Cleveland, K. Odgers, Serge A. Charlebois, R. MacLellan, Yumei Zhou, Wei Wei, K. S. Kumar, Rejean Fontaine, A. Kuchenkov, P. Hufschmidt, David A. Sinclair, F. Bourque, J. P. Brodsky, G. St-Hilaire, D. Harris, Y. Ito, L. J. Kaufman, M. J. Dolinski, A. Craycraft, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, G. S. Li, Thilo Michel, T. Rossignol, Xiaoyang Sun, C. Licciardi, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, N. Roy, L. Cao, F. Nolet, F. Vachon, Marc Weber, F. Retière, J. B. Albert, X. Zhang, J. Hößl, P. S. Barbeau, V. A. Belov, and Lorenzo Fabris

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, STRIPS, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, Xenon, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Wafer, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Anode, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Tile, business
Abstract

A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting "tile", is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3~mm wide, on a 10~\si{\cm} $\times$ 10~\si{\cm} fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a $^{207}$Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution $\sigma/E$=5.5\% is observed at 570~\si{keV}, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936~V/\si{cm}., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, as published

Published
2017
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13. Study of silicon photomultiplier performance in external electric fields

Author

A. Alamre, T. Stiegler, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, M. Côté, J. Schneider, Z. Li, N. Roy, L. Cao, F. Nolet, M. Oriunno, M. Hughes, Ethan Brown, J. Farine, D. Fairbank, D. Qiu, Y. Ito, M. Coon, Thilo Michel, Qing Xia, V.N. Stekhanov, C. T. Overman, M. Chiu, G. S. Ortega, A. Karelin, A. Pocar, D. S. Leonard, T. Tolba, Venkatesh Veeraraghavan, J. Hößl, Marc Weber, S. Kravitz, Yuehe Lin, David Moore, Y. Lan, R. DeVoe, Serge A. Charlebois, K. Murray, A. Craycraft, J. Echevers, Gisela Anton, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, T. Brunner, E. Raguzin, O. Nusair, Jens Dilling, R. Krücken, Z. Ning, Samuele Sangiorgio, Wei Wei, K. S. Kumar, S. X. Wu, Gerard Visser, P. S. Barbeau, D. A. Harris, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, J. B. Zhao, A. Larson, D. Fudenberg, O. Zeldovich, A. Piepke, I. Badhrees, Angelo Dragone, M. J. Jewell, F. Vachon, Rejean Fontaine, Jean-Francois Pratte, R. Saldanha, L. Darroch, D. Kodroff, B. Veenstra, F. Bourque, S. Parent, S. Rescia, Lorenzo Fabris, T. Bhatta, A. Odian, S. J. Daugherty, J. Watkins, I. Ostrovskiy, R. MacLellan, G. Giacomini, J. P. Brodsky, T. I. Totev, Stefan Schmidt, R. Tsang, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, Triveni Rao, K. Skarpaas Viii, T. Rossignol, G. Wrede, B. Mong, Thomas Tsang, Shu Li, P. Fierlinger, W. R. Cen, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, L. J. Kaufman, A. E. Robinson, M. Tarka, J. B. Albert, Qian Wang, G. Li, S. Feyzbakhsh, Giorgio Gratta, Yumei Zhou, M. J. Dolinski, P. Hufschmidt, David A. Sinclair, B. T. Cleveland, K. Odgers, A. Kuchenkov, U. Wichoski, G. St-Hilaire, C. Licciardi, V. Radeka, T. Ziegler, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, Xilei Sun, I. J. Arnquist, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, P. C. Rowson, A. House, W. Cree, S. Delaquis, Xiaoshan Jiang, C. Chambers, G. Gallina, P. Lv, J. Todd, Y. Y. Ding, E. V. Hansen, Liang Yang, A. Jamil, Douglas H Beck, A. Burenkov, Y-R Yen, J. L. Vuilleumier, Arun Kumar Soma, C. Jessiman, M. K. Moe, Eric W. Hoppe, M. Heffner, J. Daughhetee, R. Gornea, F. Retière, and V. A. Belov

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Silicon photomultiplier, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Photon detection, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We report on the performance of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) light sensors operating in electric field strength up to 30 kV/cm and at a temperature of 149K, relative to their performance in the absence of an external electric field. The SiPM devices used in this study show stable gain, photon detection efficiency, and rates of correlated pulses, when exposed to external fields, within the estimated uncertainties. No observable physical damage to the bulk or surface of the devices was caused by the exposure., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables and two conferences (INPC2016 and TIPP2017)

Published
2018

15. Hip fracture-related changes in health ratings of older patients with cognitive impairment

Author

M. W. Cree

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Health perception, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Older patients, Activities of Daily Living, medicine, Humans, Cognitive impairment, Causal model, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Hip fracture, business.industry, Hip Fractures, Models, Theoretical, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Female, Cognitively impaired, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pshychiatric Mental Health, business, Cognition Disorders, Mental Status Schedule, Gerontology
Abstract

A hip fracture is traumatic for many older adults, often leading to declines in both health and health perception. Although health ratings often decrease from pre- to post-fracture, nothing is known about what influences cognitively impaired patients to assess their post-fracture health as they do. We developed a causal model of health perception following a hip fracture and previously reported this causal model for older hip fracture patients of high mental status. This study evaluates the same causal model on 145 patients of low mental status. We found a substantial reorganization of relative health and functional ratings, indicative of the highly disruptive impact of the hip fracture. Our findings suggest physical rehabilitation may aid in recovery from hip fracture and this merits further study.

Published
2005

16. Mortality and morbidity associated with osteoporosis drug treatment following hip fracture.

Author

Marilyn W. Cree, Angela G. Juby, and Keumhee C. Carriere

Subjects
*OSTEOPOROSIS treatment, *MORTALITY, *BONE fractures, *BONE diseases
Abstract

This study examined post-fracture osteoporosis drug treatment in hip fracture patients and the association of treatment with mortality and morbidity. Pre- and post-fracture demographic/health information was collected on a cohort of hip fracture patients aged 65+ years. Post-fracture administrative data on prescription drug use and health care utilization was linked to the cohort data. Five classes of osteoporosis drugs were available during the study period: hormone replacement therapy (HRT), bisphosphonates (BSP), calcitonin, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and vitamin D 3 (Rocaltrol). Pre-fracture, 38 of 449 patients (8%) were on osteoporosis medications. Post-fracture, 81 of 356 patients (23%) were treated; 63 of these patients were untreated prior to fracture. Both treated and untreated patients had similar rates of subsequent hip fracture (6% and 4%, respectively) and Colles fracture (2%). Regardless of treatment status, patients were also equally likely to be hospitalized, both in the short-term (28% in treated, 27% in untreated) and in the long-term (43% versus 37%). However, mortality was significantly lower in the treated group. The lower mortality in the treated group, combined with the knowledge that antiresorptive drugs reduce fractures and increase bone density, merit undertaking a randomized trial to confirm our findings that antiresorptive therapy should be considered in all patients post-hip fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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18. ChemInform Abstract: Degradation of Silicon Carbide by Molten Lithium

Author

James W. Cree and Maurice F. Amateau

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Fracture (geology), Silicon carbide, Transgranular fracture, chemistry.chemical_element, Degradation (geology), Lithium, General Medicine, Intergranular corrosion, Composite material, Corrosion
Abstract

The mechanical behavior of silicon carbide exposed to molten lithium was evaluated at exposure temperatures from 200° to 1000°C. For temperatures up to 600°C, there was little change in strength and the fracture was controlled by preexisting surface flaws on the specimen surface or edges. Above 600°C, two strength populations developed: a relatively high-strength group characterized by transgranular fracture and a low-strength group characterized by intergranular degradation. Quantitative chemical analysis was used to explain the lithiuminduced strength degradation. This information, coupled with the fractographic analysis, led to a description of the corrosion mechanism.

Published
1988

19. Degradation of Silicon Carbide by Molten Lithium

Author

Maurice F. Amateau and James W. Cree

Subjects
Materials science, Metallurgy, Transgranular fracture, chemistry.chemical_element, Intergranular corrosion, Corrosion, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Silicon carbide, Fracture (geology), Degradation (geology), Lithium
Abstract

The mechanical behavior of silicon carbide exposed to molten lithium was evaluated at exposure temperatures from 200° to 1000°C. For temperatures up to 600°C, there was little change in strength and the fracture was controlled by preexisting surface flaws on the specimen surface or edges. Above 600°C, two strength populations developed: a relatively high-strength group characterized by transgranular fracture and a low-strength group characterized by intergranular degradation. Quantitative chemical analysis was used to explain the lithiuminduced strength degradation. This information, coupled with the fractographic analysis, led to a description of the corrosion mechanism.

Published
1987

20. Pagan customs and institutions

Author

Arthur W. Cree

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Literature and Literary Theory, Library and Information Sciences, Language and Linguistics
Published
1912

21. References in 'Marius the Epicurean.'

Author

Arthur W. Cree

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Literature and Literary Theory, Philosophy, Epicureanism, Library and Information Sciences, Language and Linguistics, Classics
Published
1912

22. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the Upgraded EXO-200 Detector.

Author

Albert JB, Anton G, Badhrees I, Barbeau PS, Bayerlein R, Beck D, Belov V, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Cao GF, Cen WR, Chambers C, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Cree W, Daniels T, Danilov M, Daugherty SJ, Daughhetee J, Davis J, Delaquis S, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Didberidze T, Dilling J, Dolgolenko A, Dolinski MJ, Fairbank W, Farine J, Feyzbakhsh S, Fierlinger P, Fudenberg D, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Hall C, Hansen EV, Hoessl J, Hufschmidt P, Hughes M, Jamil A, Jewell MJ, Johnson A, Johnston S, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Kravitz S, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Lan Y, Leonard DS, Li GS, Li S, Licciardi C, Lin YH, MacLellan R, Michel T, Mong B, Moore D, Murray K, Nelson R, Njoya O, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, Piepke A, Pocar A, Retière F, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Schmidt S, Schubert A, Sinclair D, Stekhanov V, Tarka M, Tolba T, Tsang R, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Wagenpfeil M, Waite A, Walton T, Weber M, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Wrede G, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY, Zettlemoyer J, and Ziegler T

Abstract

Results from a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) of ^{136}Xe are presented using the first year of data taken with the upgraded EXO-200 detector. Relative to previous searches by EXO-200, the energy resolution of the detector has been improved to σ/E=1.23%, the electric field in the drift region has been raised by 50%, and a system to suppress radon in the volume between the cryostat and lead shielding has been implemented. In addition, analysis techniques that improve topological discrimination between 0νββ and background events have been developed. Incorporating these hardware and analysis improvements, the median 90% confidence level 0νββ half-life sensitivity after combining with the full data set acquired before the upgrade has increased twofold to 3.7×10^{25}  yr. No statistically significant evidence for 0νββ is observed, leading to a lower limit on the 0νββ half-life of 1.8×10^{25}  yr at the 90% confidence level.

Published
2018
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23. Prevention science and neighborhood influences on low-income children's development: theoretical and methodological issues.

Author

Roosa MW, Jones S, Tein JY, and Cree W

Subjects
Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Humans, Poverty, Socioeconomic Factors, Developmental Disabilities economics, Developmental Disabilities prevention & control, Psychological Theory, Residence Characteristics
Abstract

Despite the rapid growth of research on neighborhood influences on children, little of this research may be useful to prevention scientists. Most studies have ignored processes by which neighborhood conditions influence individual outcomes. To encourage neighborhood research that can better guide the development of preventive interventions, we propose a model that focuses attention on mediating and moderating processes, is appropriate for studies interested in individual differences in outcomes, acknowledges the transactions between residents and neighborhoods, and is sensitive to how neighborhood influences may differ for children at different developmental stages. Furthermore, we argue that greater attention to several methodological issues also can make neighborhood research more useful for the next generation of prevention programs to help low-income urban families and children cope successfully with the challenges posed by their neighborhoods.

Published
2003
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24. "New" long-stay psychiatric patients: a national sample survey of fifteen mental hospitals in England and Wales 1972/3.

Author

Mann SA and Cree W

Subjects
Day Care, Medical, England, Hospital Planning, Humans, Long-Term Care, Residential Facilities, Wales, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Length of Stay, Mental Disorders rehabilitation
Abstract

Four hundred "new" long-stay patients were studied and assessments of their needs for treatment and accommodation were made. About one third appeared to need further care in hospital. A further third could possibly be discharged if suitable accommodation in the community were available: most of this group were more handicapped than present residents in hostels. The remaining third had diverse needs; many were multiply handicapped--for example, by physical disability or mental retardation in addition to psychiatric disorder. At the moment the psychiatric hospital is virtually the only agency to accept the care of such people.

Published
1976
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