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I want to thank Judith Grant and Claire Snyder-Hall, the co-editors of New Political Science, for organizing this symposium on my book, The Dangerous Class: The Concept of the Lumpenproletariat (20...

While the degree of cerebellar tonsillar descent is considered the primary radiologic marker of Chiari malformation type I (CMI), biomechanical forces acting on the brain tissue in CMI subjects are less studied and poorly understood. In this study, regional brain tissue displacement and principal strains in 43 CMI subjects and 25 controls were quantified using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology known as displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE). Measurements from MRI were obtained for seven different brain regions—the brainstem, cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe. Mean displacements in the cerebellum and brainstem were found to be 106% and 64% higher, respectively, for CMI subjects than controls (p < .001). Mean compression and extension strains in the cerebellum were 52% and 50% higher, respectively, in CMI subjects (p < .001). Brainstem mean extension strain was 41% higher in CMI subjects (p < .001), but no significant difference in compression strain was observed. The other brain structures revealed no significant differences between CMI and controls. These findings demonstrate that brain tissue displacement and strain in the cerebellum and brainstem might represent two new biomarkers to distinguish between CMI subjects and controls.

The “dangerous class,” the social scum, that passively rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers of old society may, here and there, be swept into the movement by a proletarian revolution; its c...

In The Communist Manifesto (1848), Marx and Engels “openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions.” However, by 1872, Marx suggeste...

In the last issue of this journal, Dr William J. Kelleher claimed that my earlier discussion of the intellectual origins of the CNPS has some serious misconceptions which may obscure the formation ...

Manfred Steger’s response to our critique of globalization theory studiously avoids a confrontation with our basic thesis that nation-states are the principal agents of globalization and th...

Leo Panitch, Canadian Research Professor Emeritus (York University) passed away on December 19, 2020 from complications related to COVID-19 that he contracted while being treated in the hospital fo...

In 1967, the burgeoning discontent of many political scientists culminated in the establishment of the Caucus for a New Political Science. The Caucus included political scientists of many diverse viewpoints, but it was united methodologically by a critique of behavioralism and by the idea that political science should abandon the myth of a value-free science. This article reviews the political and intellectual origins of New Political Science by examining some of the major works of the late 1960s and early 1970s purporting to establish the foundations of a new political science. It concludes that new political science originated as a methodological critique of behavioralism, an empirical critique of pluralist theory, and a sociological critique of the relationship between political science and political power. However, by 1979, after a decade of organizational insurgency and conflict with the APSA, these strands of thought fused into a critique of capitalist society, while its methodological criti...

Since the 1990s, globalization theorists have published a never-ending litany of books and articles about the crisis of the nation-state, the eclipse of the state, the retreat of the state, and even the end of the nation-state. Globalization theory has, on a regular basis, dismissed the nation-state as irrelevant to understanding contemporary political and economic development. However, this paper reexamines the relationship between globalization theory and state theory to argue that nation-states are the principal agents of globalization, as well as the guarantors of the political and material conditions necessary for global capital accumulation. Globalization theorists have constructed a false antinomy that rests largely on having misconstrued international relations (IR) theory, while ignoring significant developments in neo-Marxist state theory.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% to 20% of strokes worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Neuroimaging is indispensable for rapid diagnosis of ICH and identification of the underlying etiology, thus facilitating triage and appropriate treatment of patients. The most common neuroimaging modalities include noncontrast computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The strengths and disadvantages of each modality will be reviewed. Novel technologies such as dual-energy CT/CTA, rapid MRI techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy, and automated ICH detection hold promise for faster pre- and in-hospital ICH diagnosis that may impact patient management.

Intracranial aneurysms confer the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a potentially devastating condition, though most aneurysms will remain asymptomatic for the lifetime of the patient. Imaging is critical to all stages of patient care for those who harbor an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA), including to establish the diagnosis, to determine therapeutic options, to undertake surveillance in patients who elect not to undergo treatment or whose aneurysm(s) portends such a low risk that treatment is not indicated, and to perform follow-up after treatment. Neuroimaging is equally as important in patients who suffer an SAH. DSA remains the reference standard for imaging of intracranial aneurysms due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. As noninvasive imaging technology, such as CTA and MRA, improves, the diagnostic accuracy of such tests continues to increasingly approximate that of DSA. In cases of angiographically negative SAH, imaging protocols are necessary not only for diagnosis but also to search for an initially occult vascular lesion, such as a thrombosed, ruptured aneurysm that might be detected in a delayed fashion. Given the crucial role of neuroimaging in all aspects of care for patients with UIAs and SAH, it is incumbent on those who care for these patients, including cerebrovascular neurosurgeons, interventional neurologists and neuroradiologists, and diagnostic radiologists and neurointensivists, to understand the role of imaging in this disease and how individual members of the multispecialty team use imaging to ensure best practices to deliver cutting-edge care to these often complex cases. This review expounds on the role of imaging in the management of UIAs and ruptured intracranial aneurysms and in the workup of angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The synthesis and evaluation of ten new dihydrophthalazine-appended 2,4-diaminopyrimidines as potential drugs to treat Bacillus anthracis is reported. An improved synthesis utilizing a new pincer catalyst, dichlorobis[1-(dicyclohexylphosphanyl)-piperidine]palladium(II), allows the final Heck coupling to be performed at 90 °C using triethylamine as the base. These milder conditions have been used to achieve improved yields for new and previously reported substrates with functional groups that degrade or react at the normal 140 °C reaction temperature. An analytical protocol for separating the S and R enantiomers of two of the most active compounds is also disclosed. Finally, the X-ray structure for the most active enantiomer of the lead compound, (S)-RAB1, is given.

The current Letter describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of dihydrophthalazine-appended 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (DAP) inhibitors (1) oxidized at the methylene bridge linking the DAP ring to the central aromatic ring and (2) modified at the central ring ether groups. Structures 4a – b incorporating an oxidized methylene bridge showed a decrease in activity, while slightly larger alkyl groups (CH 2 CH 3 vs CH 3 ) on the central ring oxygen atoms (R 2 and R 3 ) had a minimal impact on the inhibition. Comparison of the potency data for previously reported RAB1 and BN-53 with the most potent of the new derivatives ( 19b and 20a – b ) showed similar values for inhibition of cellular growth and direct enzymatic inhibition (MICs 0.5–2 μg/mL). Compounds 29 – 34 with larger ester and ether groups containing substituted aromatic rings at R 3 exhibited slightly reduced activity (MICs 2–16 μg/mL). One explanation for this attenuated activity could be encroachment of the extended R 3 into the neighboring NADPH co-factor. These results indicate that modest additions to the central ring oxygen atoms are well tolerated, while larger modifications have the potential to act as dual-site inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).