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1,689 results on '"W. Ahmed"'

1. Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in $${p}{p}$$ pp -collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ s = 13 $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$ Te V

Author

CMS Muon Group, M. Tytgat, A. Muhammad, G. De Lentdecker, J. Jaramillo, L. Moureaux, L. Pétré, Y. Yang, C. Rendón, G. Gokbulut, Y. Hong, A. Samalan, G. A. Alves, F. Marujo da Silva, E. Alves Coelho, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, E. M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, B. C. Ferreira, S. Fonseca De Souza, K. Mota Amarilo, H. Nogima, A. Santoro, M. Thiel, A. Aleksandrov, L. Dimitrov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, G. Mitev, L. Ratchev, G. Rashevski, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, E. Shumka, S. Keshri, S. Thakur, M. Chen, X. Dong, W. Gong, Q. Hou, C. Jiang, H. Kou, Z.-A. Liu, W. Luo, J. Song, L. Sun, N. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, A. Levin, Q. Li, S. J. Qian, D. Wang, K. Wang, Z. You, C. Avila, D. A. Barbosa Trujillo, A. Cabrera, C. A. Florez, J. Fraga, J. A. Reyes Vega, F. Ramirez, M. Rodriguez, J. D. Ruiz, N. Vanegas, H. Abdalla, A. A. Abdelalim, Y. Assran, A. Radi, I. Crotty, M. A. Mahmoud, L. Balleyguier, X. Chen, C. Combaret, G. Galbit, M. Gouzevitch, G. Grenier, I. B. Laktineh, A. Luciol, L. Mirabito, W. Tromeur, I. Bagaturia, I. Lomidze, O. Kemularia, Z. Tsamalaidze, U. Böttger, D. Eliseev, T. Hebbeker, K. Hoepfner, M. Merschmeyer, F. Ivone, S. Mukherjee, F. Nowotny, B. Philipps, H. Reithler, A. Sharma, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, S. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, F. P. Zantis, M. Abbas, S. Mallows, G. Bencze, N. Beni, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi, D. Teyssier, B. Ujvari, G. Zilizi, J. Babbar, S. Bansal, V. Bhatnagar, S. Chauhan, A. Kaur, H. Kaur, A. Kaur Sahota, S. Kumar, T. Sheokand, J. Singh, B. C. Choudhary, A. Kumar, M. Kumar Saini, M. Naimuddin, N. Majumdar, S. Mukhopadhyay, P. Rout, V. Amoozegar, B. Boghrati, M. Ebraimi, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, E. Zareian, M. Abbrescia, R. Aly, M. Buonsante, A. Colaleo, N. De Filippis, D. Dell’Olio, G. De Robertis, W. Elmetenawee, N. Ferrara, M. Franco, G. Iaselli, N. Lacalamita, F. Licciulli, F. Loddo, M. Maggi, S. Martiradonna, S. Nuzzo, L. Longo, A. Pellecchia, G. Pugliese, R. Radogna, D. Ramos, A. Ranieri, F. M. Simone, A. Stamerra, D. Troiano, R. Venditti, P. Verwilligen, A. Zaza, G. Abbiendi, C. Baldanza, C. Battilana, A. Benvenuti, L. Borgonovi, V. Cafaro, F. R. Cavallo, A. Crupano, M. Cuffiani, G. M. Dallavalle, F. Fabbri, A. Fanfani, D. Fasanella, P. Giacomelli, V. Giordano, C. Guandalini, L. Guiducci, S. Lo Meo, L. Lunerti, S. Marcellini, G. Masetti, F. L. Navarria, G. Paggi, A. Perrotta, F. Primavera, A. M. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G. Torromeo, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, R. Campagnola, M. Caponero, S. Colafranceschi, S. Meola, L. Passamonti, D. Piccolo, D. Pierluigi, G. Raffone, A. Russo, G. Saviano, S. Buontempo, A. Cagnotta, F. Carnevali, F. Cassese, N. Cavallo, A. De Iorio, F. Fabozzi, A. O. M. Iorio, L. Lista, P. Paolucci, G. Passeggio, B. Rossi, L. Barcellan, M. Bellato, M. Benettoni, A. Bergnoli, A. Bragagnolo, R. Carlin, L. Castellani, P. Checchia, L. Ciano, A. Colombo, D. Corti, F. Gasparini, U. Gasparini, F. Gonella, A. Gozzelino, A. Griggio, G. Grosso, M. Gulmini, R. Isocrate, E. Lusiani, G. Maron, M. Margoni, A. T. Meneguzzo, M. Migliorini, L. Modenese, F. Montecassiano, M. Negrello, M. Passaseo, J. Pazzini, L. Ramina, M. Rampazzo, M. Rebeschini, P. Ronchese, R. Rossin, F. Simonetto, M. Toffano, N. Toniolo, A. Triossi, S. Ventura, M. Zanetti, P. G. Zatti, P. Zotto, A. Zucchetta, S. AbuZeid, C. Aimè, A. Braghieri, S. Calzaferri, D. Fiorina, S. Gigli, P. Montagna, C. Riccardi, P. Salvini, I. Vai, P. Vitulo, N. Amapane, G. Cotto, D. Dattola, P. De Remigis, B. Kiani, C. Mariotti, S. Maselli, M. Pelliccioni, F. Rotondo, A. Staiano, D. Trocino, G. Umoret, E. Asilar, T. J. Kim, J. A. Merlin, S. Choi, B. Hong, K. S. Lee, J. Goh, J. Choi, J. Kim, U. Yang, I. Yoon, W. Jang, J. Heo, D. Kang, Y. Kang, D. Kim, S. Kim, B. Ko, J. S. H. Lee, I. C. Park, I. J. Watson, S. Yang, Y. Jeong, Y. Lee, I. Yu, G. Alasfour, T. Beyrouthy, Y. Gharbia, Y. Maghrbi, M. Otkur, H. Castilla-Valdez, H. Crotte Ledesma, R. Lopez-Fernandez, A. Sánchez Hernández, M. Ramírez García, E. Vazquez, M. A. Shah, N. Zaganidis, I. Pedraza, C. Uribe Estrada, A. Ahmad, W. Ahmed, M. I. Asghar, H. R. Hoorani, S. Muhammad, A. Wajid, J. Alcaraz Maestre, A. Álvarez Fernández, Cristina F. Fernandez Bedoya, L. C. Blanco Ramos, E. Calvo, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, J. M. Cela Ruiz, M. Cepeda, M. Cerrada, N. Colino, S. Cuadrado Calzada, J. Cuchillo Ortega, B. De La Cruz, C. I. de Lara Rodríguez, D. Fernández Del Val, J. P. Fernández Ramos, M. C. Fouz, D. Francia Ferrero, J. García Romero, O. Gonzalez Lopez, S. Goy Lopez, M. I. Josa, J. León Holgado, O. Manzanilla Carretero, I. Martín Martín, J. J. Martínez Morales, E. Martín Viscasillas, D. Moran, Á. Navarro Tobar, R. Paz Herrera, J. C. Puras Sánchez, J. Puerta Pelayo, S. Pulido Ferrero, I. Redondo, D. D. Redondo Ferrero, V. Salto Parra, S. Sánchez Navas, J. Sastre, L. Urda Gómez, J. Vazquez Escobar, J. F. de Trocóniz, F. Frias Garcia-Lago, R. Reyes-Almanza, B. Alvarez Gonzalez, J. Cuevas, J. Fernandez Menendez, S. Folgueras, I. Gonzalez Caballero, P. Leguina López, E. Palencia Cortezon, C. Ramón Álvarez, J. Prado Pico, V. Rodríguez Bouza, A. Soto Rodríguez, A. Trapote, C. Vico Villalba, B. Kailasapathy, K. Malagalage, D. U. J. Sonnadara, D. D. C. Wickramarathna, W. G. D. Dharmaratna, K. Liyanage, N. Perera, N. Wickramage, P. Aspell, M. Bianco, D. Bozzato, S. Brachet, A. Conde Garcia, A. Dabrowski, R. De Oliveira, F. Fallavollita, P. Kicsiny, E. Hazen, S. May, A. Peck, K. Salyer, I. Suarez, S. Abbott, J. Bonilla, R. Breedon, H. Cai, P. T. Cox, R. Erbacher, O. Kukral, C. McLean, G. Mocellin, M. Mulhearn, B. Regnery, M. Tripathi, G. Waegel, Y. Yao, J. Carlson, R. Cousins, A. Dasgupta, A. Datta, J. Hauser, M. Ignatenko, M. A. Iqbal, C. Lo, D. Saltzberg, C. Schnaible, V. Valuev, R. Clare, M. Gordon, G. Hanson, N. Amin, J. Bradmiller-Feld, C. Campagnari, T. Danielson, A. Dishaw, A. Dorsett, B. Marsh, H. Mei, M. Oshiro, J. Richman, F. Setti, M. F. Sevilla, P. Siddireddy, S. Wang, C. Aruta, V. Barashko, V. Cherepanov, M. Dittrich, A. Korytov, E. Kuznetsova, A. Madorsky, G. Mitselmakher, A. Muthirakalayil Madhu, N. Rawal, N. Terentyev, J. Wang, B. Alsufyani, S. Butalla, T. Elkafrawy, M. Hohlmann, E. Yanes, J. Eysermans, E. Barberis, Y. Haddad, Y. Han, G. Madigan, D. M. Morse, V. Nguyen, D. Wood, S. Bhattacharya, J. Bueghly, Z. Chen, K. A. Hahn, Y. Liu, Y. Miao, D. G. Monk, M. H. Schmitt, A. Taliercio, M. Velasco, B. Bylsma, M. Carrigan, R. De Los Santos, L. S. Durkin, C. Hill, K. Banicz, J. Liu, M. Matveev, B. P. Padley, D. Aebi, M. Ahmad, T. Akhter, A. Bolshov, O. Bouhali, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, E. Juska, T. Kamon, H. Kim, M. Kizlov, S. Malhotra, R. Mueller, R. Rabadan, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, P. E. Karchin, A. Aravind, K. Black, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, M. Herndon, A. Lanaro, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, S. Mondal, D. Teague, W. Vetens, A. Warden, I. Azhgirey, V. Borshch, L. Chtchipunov, A. Egorov, G. Gavrilov, V. Golovtcov, M. Ivanov, V. Ivantchenko, Y. Ivanov, V. Karjavine, A. Khodinov, V. Kim, I. A. Kurochkin, P. Levchenko, V. Murzin, S. Nasybulin, V. Oreshkin, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, A. Riabchikova, D. Sosnov, V. Sulimov, L. Uvarov, S. Vavilov, and A. Vorobyev

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The CMS detector, including its muon system, has been operating at the CERN LHC in increasingly challenging conditions for about 15 years. The muon detector was designed to provide excellent triggering and track reconstruction for muons produced in proton–proton collisons at an instantaneous luminosity ( $$\mathcal {L}$$ L ) of $$1 \times 10^{34}$$ 1 × 10 34 cm $$^{-2}$$ - 2 s $$^{-1}$$ - 1 . During the Run 2 data-taking period (2015–2018), the LHC achieved an instantaneous luminosity of twice its design value, resulting in larger background rates and making the efficient detection of muons more difficult. While some backgrounds result from natural radioactivity, cosmic rays, and interactions of the circulating protons with residual gas in the beam pipe, the dominant source of background hits in the muon system arises from proton–proton interactions themselves. Charged hadrons leaving the calorimeters produce energy deposits in the muon chambers. In addition, high-energy particles interacting in the hadron calorimeter and forward shielding elements generate thermal neutrons, which leak out of the calorimeter and shielding structures, filling the CMS cavern. We describe the method used to measure the background rates in the various muon subsystems. These rates, in conjunction with simulations, can be used to estimate the expected backgrounds in the High-Luminosity LHC. This machine will run for at least 10 years starting in 2029 reaching an instantaneous luminosity of $$\mathcal {L} = 5 \times \text {10}^\text {34}\,\text {cm}^\text {-2}\,\text {s}^\text {-1}$$ L = 5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 and increasing ultimately to $$\mathcal {L} = 7.5 \times \text {10}^\text {34}\,\text {cm}^\text {-2}\,\text {s}^\text {-1}$$ L = 7.5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 . These background estimates have been a key ingredient for the planning and design of the muon detector upgrade.

Published
2024
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2. LAND USE AND LAND COVER SIMULATION BASED ON INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS WITH CELLULAR AUTOMATA-MARKOV CHAIN MODELS APPLIED TO EL-FAYOUM GOVERNORATE

Author

I. Atef, W. Ahmed, R. H. Abdel-Maguid, M. Baraka, W. Darwish, and A. M. Senousi

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the multi-layer perceptron-Markov chain analysis (MLP-MCA) integrated method in predicting future Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change scenarios in Fayoum due to rapid urbanization. The study employed machine learning algorithms for image classification using Google Earth Engine (GEE) for classification techniques to derive LULC maps from Landsat imagery taken in 2001, 2011, and 2021. The 2001 and 2011 LULC maps were used to predict the LULC scenario for 2021 using MLP-MCA, and the predicted result was validated against the observed 2021 LULC map using Area under the curve (AUC) that was derived from the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). Subsequently, the study predicted future LULC changes for 2031 using two sub-models; sub- Agri and sub-built. The results show that a rapid growth in both built and agricultural area. The findings of this study highlight the potential of the MLP-MCA method in predicting future LULC changes due to urbanization.

Published
2023
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3. WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS PREDICTION OF TIGRIS RIVER USING SENTINEL-2 DATA AND LASSO REGRESSION

Author

S. Saad, A. Elshazly, A. M. Senousi, W. Darwish, M. Baraka, and W. Ahmed

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

Water-related issues have become a growing concern due to the impact of human activities and climate change unpredictability, and Iraq faces a significant challenge with freshwater scarcity and poor quality. Field measurements are expensive, while remote sensing is a cost-effective alternative. This study aimed to monitor the water quality of the Tigris River in Baghdad using Sentinel-2 satellite images. The study employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and field data from 14 different stations during 2018 and 2019 to measure water quality parameters, including temperature (Temp), electrical conductivity (Cond), total dissolved solids (TDS), potential of hydrogen (pH), turbidity (Turb), Chlorophyll-a (Chl_a), Blue-Green Algae (BGA), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The incorporation of spectral indices significantly improved the models’ effectiveness, with R2 greater than 0.8, except for Cond, which was 0.73. Water Quality Index (WQI) based on Iraqi standards was estimated and showed that the river water quality was categorized as poor and very poor. This approach can enhance water resource management and decisionmaking in areas where traditional monitoring approaches may be challenging and costly.

Published
2023
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5. Note on differential identities on -prime rings with involution

Author

M. A. Madni, M. R. Mozumder, W. Ahmed, A. Abbasi, and A. Ramesh

Subjects
-prime ring, Derivation, Involution, -centralizing, Jordan product, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

The major goal of this paper is to investigate the structure of [Formula: see text]-prime rings with involution, satisfying certain [Formula: see text]-differential identities involving [Formula: see text]-centralizing and some special type of products. We also provide an example which shows that center of [Formula: see text]-prime ring is not free from zero divisors.

Published
2023
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6. Antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) peel and bulb extracts

Author

S. Masood, A. ur Rehman, M. A. Ihsan, K. Shahzad, M. Sabir, S. Alam, W. Ahmed, Z. H. Shah, F. Alghabari, A. Mehmood, and G. Chung

Subjects
bioactive compounds, bio-waste, flavonoids, oxidative stress, phenolic content, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Allium cepa L. is a commonly consumed vegetable that belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains nutrients and antioxidants in ample amounts. In spite of the valuable food applications of onion bulb, its peel and outer fleshy layers are generally regarded as waste and exploration of their nutritional and therapeutic potential is still in progress with a very slow progression rate. The present study was designed with the purpose of doing a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of two parts of Allium cepa, i.g., bulb (edible part) and outer fleshy layers and dry peels (inedible part). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the onion bulb and peel extracts on rat intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase of porcine was also evaluated. The antioxidant potential of onion peel and bulb extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, H2O2 radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. Total flavonoids and phenolic content of ethanolic extract of onion peel were significantly greater as compared to that of onion bulb. Ethanolic extract of onion peel also presented better antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity as compared to the ethanolic extract of bulb, while the aqueous extract of bulb presented weakest antioxidative potential. Onion peel extract’s α-glucosidase inhibition potential was also correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. The current findings presented onion peel as a possible source of antioxidative agents and phenolic compounds that might be beneficial against development of various common chronic diseases that might have an association with oxidative stress. Besides, outer dry layers and fleshy peels of onion exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities, compared to the inner bulb. The information obtained by the present study can be useful in promoting the use of vegetable parts other than the edible mesocarp for several future food applications, rather than these being wasted.

Published
2021
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7. Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Surfactant-Free and D-Fructose-Coated Gold Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications

Author

Hafiz M. Yasin, W. Ahmed, N. U. Rehman, Abdul Majd, Mohammad Alkhedher, and ElSayed M. Tag El Din

Subjects
AuNPs, SERS, catalytic degradation, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

The excellent optical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) make them promising for numerous applications. Herein, we present a facile synthesis of both surfactant-free (SF−AuNPs) and non-toxic D-fructose (DF)-coated gold nanoparticles (DF−AuNPs) via the plasma–liquid interactions (PLIs) method. Moreover, we demonstrate that both SF−AuNPs and DF−AuNPs are potential candidates for trace detection via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and catalytic degradation of toxic dyes. However, SF−AuNPs have superior SERS and catalytic performance compared to the DF−AuNPs due to their surfactant-free nature. Moreover, SF−AuNPs have also been shown to quench the fluorescence of analyte molecules, making their SERS-based trace detection more efficient. In particular, SERS enhancement of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and catalytic reduction of a toxic dye methylene blue (MB) have been explored.

Published
2022
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8. Molecular Epidemiology of Plasmodium species in Conflicted Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) Pakistan

Author

M. F. Nadeem, A. A. Khattak, N. Zeeshan, U. A. Awan, S. Alam, W. Ahmed, S. Gul, A. Afroz, K. Sughra, U. Rashid, and M. A. U. Khan

Subjects
FATA, Malaria, Pakistan, Molecular Epidemiology, Plasmodium, falciparum, vivax, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Military conflicts have been significant obstacles in detecting and treating infectious disease diseases due to the diminished public health infrastructure, resulting in malaria endemicity. A variety of violent and destructive incidents were experienced by FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas). It was a struggle to pursue an epidemiological analysis due to continuing conflict and Talibanization. Clinical isolates were collected from Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai agencies from May 2017 to May 2018. For Giemsa staining, full blood EDTA blood samples have been collected from symptomatic participants. Malaria-positive microscopy isolates were spotted on filter papers for future Plasmodial molecular detection by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (ssrRNA) genes specific primers. Since reconfirming the nPCR, a malariometric study of 762 patients found 679 positive malaria cases. Plasmodium vivax was 523 (77%), Plasmodium falciparum 121 (18%), 35 (5%) were with mixed-species infection (P. vivax plus P. falciparum), and 83 were declared negative by PCR. Among the five agencies of FATA, Khyber agency has the highest malaria incidence (19%) with followed by P. vivax (19%) and P. falciparum (4.1%). In contrast, Kurram has about (14%), including (10.8%) P. vivax and (2.7%) P. falciparum cases, the lowest malaria epidemiology. Surprisingly, no significant differences in the distribution of mixed-species infection among all five agencies. P. falciparum and P. vivax were two prevalent FATA malaria species in Pakistan’s war-torn area. To overcome this rising incidence of malaria, this study recommends that initiating malaria awareness campaigns in school should be supported by public health agencies and malaria-related education locally, targeting children and parents alike.

Published
2021
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9. Comparison of different diagnostic modalities for isolation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis among suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis patients

Author

N. Sharif, D. Ahmed, R. T. Mahmood, Z. Qasim, S. N. Khan, A. Jabbar, A. A. Khattak, M. J. Asad, W. Ahmed, M. M. Khan, U. A. Awan, N. Zaman, U. Habiba, S. Noureen, and H. A. Alghamdi

Subjects
DST: Drug Susceptibility Testing, MGIT: Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube, LJ: Lowenstein-Jensen, EPTB: Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis, ZN: Ziehl-Neelsen, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Tuberculosis is a communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The study's primary objective is to compare conventional methods such as acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture and microscopy with rapid diagnostic methods. The secondary objective is to compare histopathological and microbiological findings in suspected patients with tubercular lymphadenitis. A total of 111 samples (August 2018 to September 2019) of lymph nodes were processed for AFB microscopy, AFB cultures, drug-susceptibility testing (DST), histopathology, and Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to Rifampin (RIF) assays. Out of 111 lymph node samples, 6 (5.4%) were positive for AFB smear microscopy, 84 (75.6%) were positive for AFB culture, 80 (70.7%) were positive on Gene Xpert, and 102 (91.8%) were indicative of tuberculosis for histopathology studies. Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture positivity was 84 (75.6%) higher than solid Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture 74 (66.6%). Positive cultures underwent phenotypic DST. Two cases were Multidrug-resistant (MDR) on DST, while three cases were Rifampicin resistant on Gene Xpert. The sensitivity of Genexpert was (62%) against the conventional AFB culture method. The poor performance of conventional lymphadenitis diagnostic methods requires early and accurate diagnostic methodology. Xpert MTB/RIF test can help in the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB cases. Nonetheless, rapid and conventional methods should be used for complete isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Published
2021
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10. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. 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Robiro Robiro, M. Roca, C. Roca Saumell, C. Rodrigo, E. Rodriguez, M. Rodriguez Garcia, S. Saez Jimenez, P. Sanchez Calderon, L. Sanchez Mendez, S. Sanchez Parra, C. Santolaya, M.R. Senan Sanz, A. Seoane Blanco, E. Serralvo, N. Sierra, C. Simon Valero, J. Sorribes Lopez, M. Teixido Fontanillas, M. Terns Riera, G. Tobajas, C. Torres, J. Torres Marques, M. Ubeda Pastor, M. Rosenqvist, A. Wirdby, J. Linden, K. Henriksson, M. Elmersson, A. Egilsson, U. Börjesson, G. Svärd, B. Liu, A. Lindh, L.-B. Olsson, M. Gustavsson, Lars Andersson, Lisbeth Andersson, L. Benson, C. Bothin, A. Hajimirsadeghi, K. Kadir, M. Ericsson, A. Ohlsson, H. Lindvall, P. Svensson, K. Thorne, H. Handel, P. Platonov, B. Eriksson, I. Timberg, K. Romberg, M. Crisby, J.-E. Karlsson, S.A. Jensen, A. Andersson, L. Malmqvist, B. Martinsson, F. Bernsten, J. Engdahl, J. Thulin, A. Hot-Bjelac, P. Stalby, H. Aaröe, E. Ahbeck, H. Ahlmark, F. Al-Khalili, G. Bonkowski, S. Dzeletovic, A.-B. Ekstrand, G.-B. Eriksson, K. Floren, C. Grässjö, S. Hahn, P. Jaensson, B. Jansson, J.-H. Jansson, R.-M. Kangert, A. Koch, D. Kusiak, A. Lettenström, A. Lindberg, C.-J. Lindholm, A. Mannermyr, K. Mansson, M. Millborg, C. Nilsson, A.-M. Ohlin, A. Olofsson, A. Osberg, A. Pedersen, K. Risbecker, K. Rosenberg, J. Samuelsson, M. Shayesteh, K. Skoglund, M. Stjernberg, C. Thorsen, J. Steffel, J.H. Beer, J. Debrunner, D. Amstutz, J. Bruegger, G. Elise, A. Grau, A. Guinand, I. Henriette, E. Saga, S. Winnik, A. Parkhomenko, I. Rudyk, V. Tseluyko, O. Karpenko, S. Zhurba, I. Kraiz, I. Kupnovytska, N. Serediuk, Y. Mostovoy, O. Ushakov, O. Koval, I. Kovalskyi, Y. Svyshchenko, O. Sychov, M. Stanislavchuk, O. Kraydashenko, A. Yagensky, S. Tykhonova, I. Fushtey, R. Belegai, G. Berko, L. Burdeuna, O. Chabanna, I. Daniuk, A. Ivanov, E. Kamenska, P. Kaplan, O. Khyzhnyak, S. Kizim, O. Matova, O. Medentseva, V. Mochonyi, M. Mospan, V. Nemtsova, T. Ovdiienko, O. Palamarchuk, M. Pavelko, R. Petrovskyy, D. Plevak, O. Proshak, S. Pyvovar, L. Rasputina, O. Romanenko, O. Romanova, A. Sapatyi, O. Shumakov, R. Stets, L. Todoriuk, V. Varenov, D. Fitzmaurice, N. Chauhan, D. Goodwin, P. Saunders, R. Evans, J. Leese, P.S. Jhittay, A. Ross, M.S. Kainth, G. Pickavance, J. McDonnell, A. Williams, T. Gooding, H. Wagner, S. Suryani, A. Singal, S. Sircar, R. Bilas, P. Hutchinson, A. Wakeman, M. Stokes, N. Paul, M. Aziz, C. Ramesh, P. Wilson, S. Franklin, S. Fairhead, J. Thompson, V. St Joseph, G. Taylor, D. Tragen, D. Seamark, C. Paul, M. Richardson, A. Jefferies, H. Sharp, H. Jones, C. Giles, M. Page, O. Oginni, J. Aldegather, S. Wetherwell, W. Lumb, P. Evans, F. Scouller, N. Macey, Y. Stipp, R. West, S. Thurston, P. Wadeson, J. Matthews, P. Pandya, A. Gallagher, T. Railton, B. Sinha, D. Russell, J.A. Davies, P. Ainsworth, C.P. Jones, P. Weeks, J. Eden, D. Kernick, W. Murdoch, L. Lumley, R.P. Patel, S.W. Wong, M. Saigol, K. Ladha, K. Douglas, D.F. Cumberlidge, C. Bradshaw, G. Van Zon, K.P. Jones, M.J. Thomas, E. Watson, B. Sarai, N. Ahmad, W. Willcock, J. Cairns, S. Sathananthan, N. de Kare-Silver, A. Gilliland, E. Strieder, A. Howitt, B. Vishwanathan, N. Bird, D. Gray, M. Clark, J. Bisatt, J. Litchfield, E. Fisher, T. Fooks, A.R. Kelsall, E. Alborough, J. Wakeling, M. Parfitt, K. Milne, S. Rogers, R. Priyadharshan, J.L. Oliver, E. Davies, S. Abushal, M. Jacobs, C. Hutton, N.I. Walls, R. Thompson, C. Chigbo, S.M.A. Zaidi, M. Howard, K.C. Butter, S. Barrow, H. Little, I.U. Haq, L. Gibbons, S. Glencross, A.J. McLeod, K. Poland, C. Mulholland, A. Warke, P. Conn, G. Burns, R.N. Smith, S. Lowe, R. Kamath, H.S. Dau, J. Webster, I. Hodgins, S. Vercoe, P.C. Roome, H. Pinnock, J.R.A. Patel, A. Ali, N. Hart, R. Davies, E. Stuart, C.A. Neden, M. Danielsen, R. Heath, P. Sharma, S. Galloway, C. Hawkins, R. Oliver, M. Aylward, S. Mannion, M. Braddick, D. Edwards, A.C. Rothwell, A. Sabir, F. Choudhary, S. Khalaque, A. Wilson, S. Peters, W. Coulson, N. Roberts, A. Heer, S. Coates, B. Ward, D. Jackson, S. Walton, D. Shepherd, M. Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
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11. Adaptive antibacterial biomaterial surfaces and their applications

Author

W. Ahmed, Z. Zhai, and C. Gao

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Bacterial infections on the implant surface may eventually lead to biofilm formation ​and thus threaten the use of implants in body. Despite efficient host immune system, the implant surface can be rapidly occupied by bacteria, resulting in infection persistence, implant failure, and even death of the patients. It is difficult to cope with these problems because bacteria exhibit complex adhesion mechanisms to the implants that vary according to bacterial strains. Different biomaterial coatings have been produced to release antibiotics to kill bacteria. However, antibiotic resistance occurs very frequently. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials have gained much attention in recent years ​but are not effective enough in killing the pathogens because of the complex mechanisms in bacteria. This review is focused on the development of highly efficient and specifically targeted biomaterials that release the antimicrobial agents or respond to bacteria on demands in body. The mechanisms of bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance are discussed, and the released substances accounting for implant infection are described. Strategies that have been used in past for the eradication of bacterial infections are also discussed. Different types of stimuli can be triggered only upon the existence of bacteria, leading to the release of antibacterial molecules that in turn kill the bacteria. In particular, the toxin-triggered, pH-responsive, and dual stimulus-responsive adaptive antibacterial biomaterials are introduced. Finally, the state of the art in fabrication of dual responsive antibacterial biomaterials and tissue integration in medical implants is discussed. Keywords: Biofilm, Antibiotic resistance, Tissue engineering, Antibacterial, Anti-foulings

Published
2019
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12. Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Mulching as an Integrated Weed Management Strategy in Maize Under Rainfed Conditions

Author

T. MEHMOOD, S.U. KHAN, A. QAYYUM, A.R. GURMANI, W. AHMED, M. LIAQUAT, and A. FARID

Subjects
Zea mays, mulch materials, net benefits, weed density, weed biomass, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Weeds affect crop growth, health and yield by competing for resources, and they serve as refuge for insect pests. Mulches of different materials have been found to control weeds and insect pests. A field study was conducted at the village of Mang, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to explore the effect of various mulch materials on weed suppression in maize fields under rain-fed conditions in 2013. Eight mulch materials treatments were used: control (no mulching), wheat straw mulch, dry leaves of eucalyptus, rice straw mulch, grass clippings, living mulch (soybean crop), black plastic mulch and the herbicide Primextra were investigated under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Statistical analysis of data showed maximum reduction in weed density, relative weed density, fresh biomass and dry biomass in all the test species at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where Primextra and black plastic mulch were used, and this was statistically similar to where rice straw and wheat straw were used. Maximum weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry biomass of all weed species were recorded where soybean was intercropped with maize and grass clippings were used. Based on these results, it was inferred that the mulch material of eucalyptus and rice straw can effectively be used for controlling weeds in maize fields under rain-fed conditions.

Published
2018
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13. An approach to reduce false viability assessment of hookworm eggs with vital stains

Author

P. Gyawali, J.P.S. Sidhu, W. Ahmed, P. Jagals, and S. Toze

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

The effectiveness of vital stains to assess the viability of hookworm eggs depends on the permeability of eggshells. The eggshells may not be permeable immediately after inactivation, and this can lead to over-estimation of viable eggs in a sample. In this study, heat-inactivated eggs of hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) were used to evaluate the time required for eggshells to become permeable to three vital stains (eosin Y, methyl red, and methylene blue). The results of this study showed that heat-inactivated eggs incubated for 1 h at room temperature (24 ± 1 °C) contain 32–53% non-viable eggs or permeable eggshells. The numbers of non-viable eggs increased to 88–94% after 6 h of incubation. The accurate viability assessment was achieved after 12 h of incubation at room temperature. Vital stains did not play a significant (P > 0.05) role in reducing the false viability. This study provides information that can aid in the accurate detection of viable hookworm eggs from environmental samples comprised of mixed populations that are viable and non-viable with permeable or impermeable eggshells. Keywords: Hookworm eggs, Viability assessment, Vital stains, Public health, Wastewater

Published
2016
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14. Seasonal Abundance of Fecal Indicators and Opportunistic Pathogens in Roof-Harvested Rainwater Tanks

Author

W. Ahmed, K. A. Hamilton, S. Toze, and C. N. Haas

Subjects
Roof-harvested rainwater, opportunistic pathogens, faecal indicator bacteria, Medicine
Abstract

Here we provide seasonal data on the concentrations of total coliform, 'Escherichia coli' and 'Enterococcus' spp. and six opportunistic pathogens ('Acanthamoeba' spp., 'Legionella' spp., 'Legionella pneumophila', 'Mycobacterium avium', 'Mycobacterium intracellulare', and 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa') of public health significance in 24 tank water samples over six monthly sampling events from August 2015 to March 2006. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were chosen for the quantification of six opportunistic pathogens and culture-based methods were used for the enumeration of fecal indicators. The data fle has been stored in a publicly available repository. The data on concentrations of opportunistic pathogens in RHRW will provide information for rainwater users regarding potential seasonality of risks. Quantitative data presented in this study can be used to perform quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of RHRW for various potable and nonpotable uses. Data can be used by health regulators to develop guidelines related to RHRW. Funding statement: This research was undertaken and funded as part of a Fulbright-CSIRO Postgraduate Scholarship sponsored by the CSIRO Land and Water Flagship.

Published
2018
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15. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of gold nanoparticles via plasma-liquid interaction technique

Author

N. Khatoon, H. M. Yasin, M. Younus, W. Ahmed, N. U. Rehman, M. Zakaullah, and M. Zafar Iqbal

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Fabrication of non-functionalized gold nanoparticles is interesting owing to their potential applications in sensing and biomedicine. We report on the synthesis of surfactant-free gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by Plasma-Liquid Interaction (PLI) technique, using micro-atmospheric pressure D.C. plasma. The effects of discharge parameters, such as discharge current, precursor concentration and gas flow rates on the structure and morphology of AuNPs have been investigated. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was employed to estimate the UV radiation intensity and OH radical density. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) optical spectroscopy were employed to study the morphology and structure of AuNPs. The normalized intensities of UV radiation and OH radical density found to increase with increase in discharge current. We observed that the particle size can be tuned by controlling any of the following parameters: intensity of the UV radiation, OH radical density, and concentration of the Au precursor. Interestingly, we found that addition of 1% Ar in the feedstock gas results in formation of relatively uniform size distribution of nanoparticles. The surfactant-free AuNPs, due to their bare-surface, exhibit excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties. The SERS study of Rhodamine 6G using AuNPs as substrates, shows significant Raman enhancement and fluorescence quenching, which makes our technique a potentially powerful route to detection of trace amounts of dangerous explosives and other materials.

Published
2018
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16. Application of the Critical Heat Flux Look-Up Table to Large Diameter Tubes

Author

M. El Nakla, M. Habib, W. Ahmed, A. Al-Sarkhi, R. Ben Mansour, and M. Y. Al-Awwad

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The critical heat flux look-up table was applied to a large diameter tube, namely 67 mm inside diameter tube, to predict the occurrence of the phenomenon for both vertical and horizontal uniformly heated tubes. Water was considered as coolant. For the vertical tube, a diameter correction factor was directly applied to the 1995 critical heat flux look-up table. To predict the occurrence of critical heat flux in horizontal tube, an extra correction factor to account for flow stratification was applied. Both derived tables were used to predict the effect of high heat flux and tube blockage on critical heat flux occurrence in boiler tubes. Moreover, the horizontal tube look-up table was used to predict the safety limits of the operation of boiler for 50% allowable heat flux.

Published
2013
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22. Experimental Study of Power Increase Transient in Heat Generation Systems Simulated By Immersed Heat Source

Author

Akram W. Ahmed Ezzat and Sarmad A. Abdul Hussain

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the transient heat transfer parameters of constant heat flux source subjected to water flowing in the downward direction in closed channel are conducted. The power increase transient is ensured by step change increase in the heat source power. The theoretical investigation involved a mathematical modeling for axially symmetric, simultaneously developing laminar water flow in a vertical annulus. The mathematical model is based on one dimensional downward flow. The boundary conditions of the studied case are based on adiabatic outer wall, while the inner wall is subjected to a constant heat flux. The heat & mass balance equation derived for specified element of bulk water within the annulus and solved by using Laplace method todetermine the variation of bulk water temperature. The experimental investigation included a set of experiments carried out to investigate the temperature variation along the heat source for power increase transient of (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of its nominal value during and after reaching the steady state condition. Estimation of the boiling safety factor is predicted and compared with the theoretical values. Reliable agreement between experimental and theoretical approaches is reached. The later showed that the elapsed time required for the clad surface temperature to reach its steady state values after each transient is less than that related to bulk water temperature. New correlation for prediction of critical heat flux, CHF based on inlet water temperature and water mass flux are investigated and compared with CHF correlations obtained from previous researches. Specific recommendations concerned with preventive measured required to eliminate the effect of boiling crisis are concluded based on theoretical and experimental results related to transients setting times obtained from each case study.

Published
2023

23. Analysis of exhaled breath to identify critically ill patients with ventilator‐associated pneumonia

Author

T. W. Felton, W. Ahmed, I. R. White, P. van Oort, N. J. W. Rattray, C. Docherty, J. Bannard‐Smith, B. Morton, I. Welters, R. McMullan, S. A. Roberts, R. Goodacre, P. M. Dark, and S. J. Fowler

Subjects
breath, ventilator-associated pneumonia, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, diagnosis, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, Original Article, Original Articles
Abstract

Summary: Ventilator‐associated pneumonia commonly occurs in critically ill patients. Clinical suspicion results in overuse of antibiotics, which in turn promotes antimicrobial resistance. Detection of volatile organic compounds in the exhaled breath of critically ill patients might allow earlier detection of pneumonia and avoid unnecessary antibiotic prescription. We report a proof of concept study for non‐invasive diagnosis of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in intensive care (the BRAVo study). Mechanically ventilated critically ill patients commenced on antibiotics for clinical suspicion of ventilator‐associated pneumonia were recruited within the first 24 h of treatment. Paired exhaled breath and respiratory tract samples were collected. Exhaled breath was captured on sorbent tubes and then analysed using thermal desorption gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to detect volatile organic compounds. Microbiological culture of a pathogenic bacteria in respiratory tract samples provided confirmation of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. Univariable and multivariable analyses of volatile organic compounds were performed to identify potential biomarkers for a ‘rule‐out’ test. Ninety‐six participants were enrolled in the trial, with exhaled breath available from 92. Of all compounds tested, the four highest performing candidate biomarkers were benzene, cyclohexanone, pentanol and undecanal with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.67 to 0.77 and negative predictive values from 85% to 88%. Identified volatile organic compounds in the exhaled breath of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients show promise as a useful non‐invasive ‘rule‐out’ test for ventilator‐associated pneumonia.

Published
2023

30. Synthesis and characterization of microporous carbon matrix enriched by MnO2 nanoparticles

Author

W. Ahmed, H. Jeidi, I. Najeh, H. Dahman, J. P. B. Silva, J. Agostinho Moreira, M. Pereira, M. J. M. Gomes, L. El Mir, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Science & Technology, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia dos Materiais, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

Nanocomposites (RF/MnO2) based on resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) as carbon matrix and manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2) as incorporated material were elaborated by a sol–gel method. The effect of pyrolysis temperature was studied using different characterization techniques. Firstly, the Raman results show two strong peaks referred to G and D bands of carbon and an additional one related to MnO2. Also, it reveals a change in the degree of graphitization when the temperature increases. This result suggests also the successful incorporation of the MnO2 into the matrix, which was confirmed by the FTIR analysis. Then, dc measurement proves that the behavior of the nanocomposite changed from insulator to metallic one when the pyrolysis temperature increased from 600 to 1000 °C passing through a sudden transition explained by a percolation phenomenon. The X-ray diffraction confirms the previous results concerning the temperature effect. More than this, it proves that the nanocomposites are partially crystallized with the appearance of the graphite structure, the manganese dioxide (MnO2), the manganese oxide (MnO), and the metallic manganese (Mn) at high pyrolysis temperature. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images depict the porous structure of the RF matrix. Finally, the electrical behavior and dielectric properties were in good agreement with the other results; they confirm the effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the electrical conductivity and the dielectric loser. The properties of the obtained nanoporous conducting carbon/manganese nanocomposite can be adjusted by the pyrolysis temperature which makes this material promising for many technological applications., This work was financially supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research through the budget of the Tunisian Laboratories. And it was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding Contract UIDB/04650/2020.

Published
2022

32. P691 Disparate care: rates of treat to target among patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Author

J Haydek, A Oonk, D Cheng, W Ahmed, B Click, B Fennimore, M Gerich, J Hou, and F Scott

Subjects
Gastroenterology, General Medicine
Abstract

Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) therapies are limited by low response rates and risks of loss of response. Treat to target (T2T) algorithms aim to maximize the benefit of therapies by establishing a framework for assessing patient reported outcomes, biochemical evaluation (C-reactive protein (CRP) or fecal calprotectin (FC)), and structural assessment via endoscopy or enterography. There are limited data on adoption rates of T2T in real-world clinical practice. We aimed to describe rates of T2T utilization in a large regional medical system in the United States. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2015-2021. Individuals with IBD starting a new biologic therapy were identified. Collected data included demographics, laboratory data, current medications, and procedure and imaging data. Patients were categorized based on whether they completed T2T, defined as CRP or FC testing at 2-4 months after starting a new therapy, and structural assessment, defined as colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, capsule endoscopy, or enterography within 6-12 months after starting a new therapy. Complete adherence was defined as both of these criteria being met. Social deprivation index (SDI), with higher values associated with higher rates of social deprivation, was derived using mail codes. T-tests, Pearson chi-square tests, ANOVA and multivariable logistic regression were used for comparisons. Results 7,962 patients were identified (Table 1). Rates of T2T were low; only 7.81% of patients completed biochemical monitoring at 2-4 months (0.83% FC, 8.65% CRP, 1.76% both), 9.80% completed structural assessment, and 3.43% completed both. In univariable logistic regression, higher age (OR 0.98, p In multivariable logistic regression, ulcerative colitis (UC), younger age, and lower SDI score were significantly associated with likelihood of completing any T2T (Table 2). When considering biochemical monitoring at 2-4 months, Asian race, UC diagnosis, age, SDI score and year were significantly associated with completion (Table 3). UC diagnosis, year and age were significantly associated with completion of structural assessment (Table 4). Conclusion Treat to target completion rates among patients with IBD starting biologic therapies were low in this large cohort. Age and UC diagnosis were negatively associated with completing T2T. Social deprivation score was positively associated with biochemical monitoring. Further research is required to understand barriers to T2T monitoring.

Published
2023

33. P250 The impact of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) on fecal calprotectin assessment in individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Author

A Arar, F Scott, B Click, B Fennimore, W Ahmed, A Oonk, and M Gerich

Subjects
Gastroenterology, General Medicine
Abstract

Background Fecal calprotectin (FCP) is recommended as a non-invasive biomarker in ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the accuracy of FCP in individuals with concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is less understood due to biliary fluid calprotectin excretion in PSC. We aimed to determine the relationship of endoscopic disease activity to FCP levels in individuals with PSC and colitis (PSC-IBD) compared to individuals with UC alone. Methods Individuals with PSC-IBD and UC controls who underwent colonoscopy at a large tertiary academic medical center. Controls with similar UC extent were selected in a 2:1 ratio. Mayo endoscopic scores (MES) were derived from the endoscopic database. If no prospective score was recorded, images were reviewed by two investigators with adjudicated discrepancies. Disease characteristics, baseline demographics, FCP (within 6 months of endoscopy), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were derived from the electronic medical record. Exclusion criteria included Crohn's disease or non-IBD colitis, infectious colitis, treatment change between endoscopy and FCP measurement, and colonic resection. Mean FCPs and standard deviations (SDs) were calculated, stratified by PSC status and MES. Multivariable linear regression was employed to assess the association of PSC on FCP adjusting for MES, age, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and disease location. Results 264 colonoscopies for 197 patients (mean age 48, 61% males, 97% extensive disease) were identified with corresponding FCP from 2013 to 2022. Compared to UC controls, there were more males in the PSC-IBD cohort; MES did not differ significantly between the two groups (Table 1). There was no significant difference in mean FCP in PSC-IBD compared to UC controls (314.7 vs 284.5, p=0.56). Mean FCP increased with increasing MES (Table 2). There was no significant difference in mean FCP between those with PSC and those without when stratified by MES (Table 3). In multivariable linear regression, left-sided disease extent, MES, and ALP were independently associated with increasing FCP (Table 4). Conclusion In this cohort, a diagnosis of PSC was not associated with significant differences in FCP for IBD patients when stratified by MES. These data suggest that FCP remains a reliable marker of colitis activity in IBD patients with and without PSC. Further research is required to understand the role of PSC activity in modulating FCP concentrations.

Published
2023

36. DNA methylation‐based classification of glioneuronal tumours synergises with histology and radiology to refine accurate molecular stratification

Author

Thomas J. Stone, Kshitij Mankad, Ai Peng Tan, Wajanat Jan, Jessica C. Pickles, Maria Gogou, Jane Chalker, Iwona Slodkowska, Emily Pang, Mark Kristiansen, Gaganjit K. Madhan, Leysa Forrest, Deborah Hughes, Eleni Koutroumanidou, Talisa Mistry, Olumide Ogunbiyi, Saira W. Ahmed, J. Helen Cross, Mike Hubank, Darren Hargrave, and Thomas S. Jacques

Subjects
Histology, Neurology, Physiology (medical), Neurology (clinical), Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published
2023

38. Factors Influencing the Degrading of Alcohol Use: A Sociological Study Based On the Opinion of the Sri Lankan People

Author

Ibrahim M. Nasrin, Gedara G. W. Ahmed, Abdul M. M. Aaqil, and Ahmed S. Razik

Abstract

Alcohol use is seen as a factor that destabilizes the social structure. The main purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the degrading of drug use and to provide a blueprint for the implementation of potential factors at the international level. This survey has been carried out as a quantitative study. Questionnaires and interviews are included as primary data. All data obtained were analysed by SPSS and the results have been obtained from it. Factors influencing the depravity of alcoholism include the legal closure of liquor stores, the enforcement of systematic legal action, the continuation of the best outreach to all departments, the proper administration of the town, and the provision of medical and psychiatric treatment. Among them, the implementation of formal legal action on the factors that discredit the use of alcohol increases by 1%, while the use of alcohol can be degraded by 1.746% and this is the most influential factor, according to the study. Similarly, when looking at the results, none of the factors that can influence the degrading of alcoholism shows a negative value. Therefore, as the study results show that all the factors that have been presented as factors influencing the depravity of alcoholism are in positive values, in can be concluded that they all can be the factors which influences the degrading of alcohol use.

Published
2022

41. Antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) peel and bulb extracts

Author

S. Masood, A. ur Rehman, M. A. Ihsan, K. Shahzad, M. Sabir, S. Alam, W. Ahmed, Z. H. Shah, F. Alghabari, A. Mehmood, and G. Chung

Subjects
Antioxidant, Swine, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, DPPH, medicine.medical_treatment, Flavonoid, Antioxidants, chemistry.chemical_compound, flavonoides, Onions, oxidative stress, Food science, Biology (General), Hydrogen peroxide, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, ABTS, biology, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, compostos bioativos, estresse oxidativo, Allium, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, QH301-705.5, Science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, conteúdo fenólico, medicine, Animals, bioactive compounds, Plant Extracts, fungi, Botany, alpha-Glucosidases, Hydrogen Peroxide, Amaryllidaceae, biology.organism_classification, Rats, Bulb, QL1-991, chemistry, biorresíduos, QK1-989, bio-waste, flavonoids, phenolic content, Zoology
Abstract

Allium cepa L. is a commonly consumed vegetable that belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains nutrients and antioxidants in ample amounts. In spite of the valuable food applications of onion bulb, its peel and outer fleshy layers are generally regarded as waste and exploration of their nutritional and therapeutic potential is still in progress with a very slow progression rate. The present study was designed with the purpose of doing a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of two parts of Allium cepa, i.g., bulb (edible part) and outer fleshy layers and dry peels (inedible part). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the onion bulb and peel extracts on rat intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase of porcine was also evaluated. The antioxidant potential of onion peel and bulb extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, H2O2 radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. Total flavonoids and phenolic content of ethanolic extract of onion peel were significantly greater as compared to that of onion bulb. Ethanolic extract of onion peel also presented better antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity as compared to the ethanolic extract of bulb, while the aqueous extract of bulb presented weakest antioxidative potential. Onion peel extract’s α-glucosidase inhibition potential was also correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. The current findings presented onion peel as a possible source of antioxidative agents and phenolic compounds that might be beneficial against development of various common chronic diseases that might have an association with oxidative stress. Besides, outer dry layers and fleshy peels of onion exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities, compared to the inner bulb. The information obtained by the present study can be useful in promoting the use of vegetable parts other than the edible mesocarp for several future food applications, rather than these being wasted. Resumo Allium cepa pertence à família Liliaceae e é rica em nutrientes e antioxidantes. Apesar das expressivas aplicações alimentares do bulbo da cebola, sua casca e outras camadas externas são geralmente consideradas resíduos, e seu potencial nutricional e terapêutico ainda é pouco explorado. O presente estudo foi delineado com o objetivo de investigar comparativamente o potencial antioxidante de duas partes de Allium cepa, por exemplo o bulbo (parte comestível) e camadas externas e cascas secas (parte não comestível). Além disso, o efeito inibitório dos extratos do bulbo de cebola e casca sobre a α-glucosidase intestinal de ratos e α-amilase pancreática suína também foi avaliado. O potencial antioxidante dos extratos da casca de cebola e bulbo foi avaliado utilizando-se 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), método de poder antioxidante de redução do ferro (FRAP), método 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico (ABTS) de eliminação de radicais, atividade de eliminação de radicais H2O2 e atividade quelante do Fe2+. Os flavonoides totais e os teores fenólicos do extrato de etanol da casca de cebola foram significativamente maiores quando comparados ao do bulbo. O extrato de etanol da casca de cebola também apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante e eliminação de radicais livres quando comparado ao extrato de etanol do bulbo, enquanto o extrato aquoso de bulbo apresentou menor potencial antioxidante. O potencial de inibição da α-glicosidase dos extratos de casca de cebola correlacionou-se com seus teores fenólicos e de flavonoides. Os resultados encontrados identificaram que a casca de cebola é uma possível fonte de agentes antioxidantes e compostos fenólicos que podem ser benéficos contra o desenvolvimento de várias doenças crônicas que estão associadas ao estresse oxidativo. Além disso, as camadas externas secas e as cascas da cebola exibiram maior conteúdo fenólico e atividades antioxidantes, em comparação com o bulbo interno. As informações obtidas pelo presente estudo podem promover o uso de outras partes vegetais além do mesocarpo comestível para futuras aplicações em alimentos, ao invés de serem desperdiçadas.

Published
2023

44. Energy Management Best Practices

Author

Al Qurooni A Faisal, Al Homam W Ahmed, and Al Muhainy A Mohammed

Abstract

Objectives/Scope: Energy Efficiency is one of the major pillars that need to be considered seriously today more than ever to overcome potential environmental impact and mitigate climate change. Therefore, Saudi Aramco strives to improve the energy efficiency at its industrial and nonindustrial premises. These efforts are in line with the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as several initiatives were launched to achieve net zero through decarbonization. Despite all the exerted efforts, strict policies, challenging targets and investments to achieve a continual improvement in energy efficiency, it would be hard to avoid a performance plateau without breakthrough solutions. This paper will shed light on some of best practices used in the southern area of Ghawar field to improve the energy performance of multiple gas and oil separation plants.

Published
2022

45. Production and characterization of carbon-vanadium nanocomposites

Author

H. Jeidi, W. Ahmed, I. Najeh, L. Chouiref, M. A. Montes-Morán, H. L. Gomes, L. El Mir, Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Tunisie), and Montes Morán, Miguel Ángel

Subjects
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

Carbon-vanadium nanocomposites were prepared by sol–gel route after incorporating vanadium pentoxide nanopowder in carbon matrix based on resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogel, followed by thermal treatment. The resulting samples were characterized by different techniques, namely X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, RAMAN spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and electrical analysis. The X-ray diffraction analysis carried out on our samples that exhibits the pyrolysis temperature brings out the crystal phase change from V2O5 phase to V2O3 phase, also the presence of graphite phase in the samples, and the appearance of vanadium carbide V8C7 phase in sample pyrolyzed at 1000 °C. The Fourier transform infraredspectra are characterized by the appearance of peaks at 997, 792, and 559 cm−1corresponding to V–O stretching modes. RAMAN analysis shows the presence of characteristic peaks of vanadium oxide and the D and G bands characteristic of graphite. The Scanning electron microscopy graphs indicate the presence of macroporous carbon enriched by vanadium oxide in nanofibres shape. In addition, in an interesting way, the obtained material presents a percolation phenomenon in the temperature zone from 600 to 800 °C where the behavior of the material changes from insulator state to conductor one as a function of pyrolysis temperature. For that, the electrical analyses were carried out for the sample prepared at 650 °C. The dc conductance indicates a thermally activated process. The ac conductance shows a semiconductor–metal behavior change at 200 K. Indeed, the transfer of charge carriers is dominated by the correlated barrier hopping conduction model in the prepared material for measurement temperatures below 200 K. The impedance analysis shows a non-Debye relaxation phenomenon in the system. An electrical equivalent circuit has been proposed for the analysis of the impedance results and the determination of the fundamental parameters of the circuit at different measurement temperatures to estimate the contributions of the grains to the conductivity., This work was financially supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research through the budget of the Tunisian Laboratories.

Published
2022

48. STUDY THE BEHAVIOR OF ELASTIC MODULUS FOR ZIGZAG AND ARMCHAIR SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBE STRUCTURE WITH FEM

Author

Hussein B. Mohammed, Qusay W. Ahmed, and Dhia A. Alazawi

Subjects
Materials science, Aspect ratio, swcnts, young’s modulus, chemistry.chemical_element, Modulus, zigzag and armchair, Young's modulus, finite element analysis (fea), Carbon nanotube, mechanical properties, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Finite element method, law.invention, symbols.namesake, chemistry, Zigzag, law, symbols, Composite material, TA1-2040, Carbon, Elastic modulus
Abstract

A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model for single-walled carbon nanotubes with armchair and zigzag shapes is proposed in this paper (SWCNTs). Nodes are positioned at the locations of carbon atoms to design the FE models. And three-dimensional elastic beam components are used to model the bonds between them. The effect of the diameter length/diameter ratio on the diameter length/diameter ratio, cross sectional aspect ratio and number of elements on the Young’s modulus of SWCNTs has been considered herein. From the conducted experiments it can be observed that, the larger tube diameter can lead to higher Young’s modulus for carbon nanotubes. Such that, maximum elastic modulus for the armchair and the zigzag models has been obtained to be 1.0285TPa and 1.0396TPa when the diameters for the armchair and the zigzag models were 2.034nm and 1.957nm respectively. Increasing the length/diameter ratio has led the Young’s modulus to be increased for armchair and zigzag models such that its values can reach 1.0451TPa and 1.0191TPa respectively. The cross sectional aspect ratio of SWCNTs showed an inversely proportional effect on the elastic modulus in this work. As a result of rising the cross sectional aspect ratio to be2, the Young's modulus for armchair and zigzag models has decreased to 0.7991TPa and 0.8873TPa, accordingly. The change in geometry has been observed to be a defect and it is in general can decrease the modulus of elasticity. The number of elements in the armchair model considered as prominent factor that increases the young’s modulus to be 1.0280TPa when the number of element is 10836. In zigzag model, the number of element has no effect on the elastic modulus since the number of nodes that exposed to the applied load is fixed in this case. The findings showed that the proposed FE model may be useful for studying carbon nanotube mechanical action in the future.

Published
2021

50. P245 The Relationship Between the Endoscopic Healing Index and Magnetic Resonance Enterography In Crohn’s Disease Patients

Author

E Smith, J Chen, Y Pan, P Mahtani, D Lukin, W Ahmed, R Longman, R Burakoff, E Scherl, and R Battat

Subjects
Gastroenterology, General Medicine
Abstract

Background The endoscopic healing index (EHI) is a serum biomarker panel that identifies endoscopic Crohn’s Disease (CD) activity. Endoscopy and biomarkers are limited in assessing small bowel disease compared to magnetic resonance enterography (MRE). The Simplified Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (MaRIAs) is validated to detect CD activity. Data are lacking on the relationship between EHI with other endpoints. This study performed the first assessment of EHI to diagnose CD-related intestinal inflammation on MRE using the MaRIAs score. Methods Data were extracted on CD patients with EHI within 90 days of MRE. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of EHI for any (MaRIAs≥1) or severe (MaRIAs≥2) MR inflammation identified on MRE using area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve analyses. Proportions with inflammation on MRE were compared between groups above and below the identified EHI and FCAL threshold. Analyses were repeated between EHI and active endoscopy (SES-CD≥5), fecal calprotectin (FCAL>50, >250), and clinical symptoms (CD PRO-2≥8). Results 241 MREs uniquely paired to either EHI or FCAL from 155 patients, mean age was 42 years, 50.3% were female, 83.2% of patients had small bowel involvement, and 29.7% had penetrating disease. The mean time between EHI to MRE was 28 days, and the mean time between FCAL and MRE was 24 days. Both EHI and FCAL had similar accuracy to diagnose inflammation (AUROC: EHI:0.635-0.651, FCAL:0.680-0.708). Optimal EHI values were 42 and 26 for inflammation on MRE and endoscopy, respectively. Patients with EHI≥42 (100% vs. 63%, p=0.002), FCAL>50µg/g (87% vs. 64%, p250µg/g (90% vs. 75%, p=0.02) had higher rates of MaRIAs≥1 compared to lower values. EHI differentiated ileitis more than FCAL (delta: 24-25% vs. 11-21%). Patients with low FCAL had high rates (59-69%) of active endoscopic disease, whereas those with low EHI rarely (6%) with endoscopic activity. Patients with FCAL≥50µg/g had higher rates of severe inflammation compared to FCAL Conclusion In CD patients predominantly with ileal involvement, EHI>42 and FCAL>50 were both specific to confirm inflammation on MRE. Lower EHI values (

Published
2023

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