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2 results on '"W Y Saw"'

1. Pharmacogenomic diversity in Singaporean populations and Europeans

Author

Michael R. Hayden, C J D Ross, Folefac Aminkeng, Y Y Teo, W Y Saw, Cynthia Sung, Kee Seng Chia, Dorothy Toh, Rick Twee-Hee Ong, Xuanyao Liu, R Li, Liam R. Brunham, Sze Ling Chan, S H Tan, S H Koo, Esakimuthu Nisha Pillai, Edmund Jd Lee, and Bruce Carleton

Subjects
Pharmacology, Genetics, Singapore, education.field_of_study, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Genetic Variation, CYP2C19, Biology, Pharmacogenomic Variants, Europe, Efficacy, Risk variant, Pharmacogenomics, Humans, Molecular Medicine, Allele, education, Biotransformation, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract

Differences in the frequency of pharmacogenomic variants may influence inter-population variability in drug efficacy and risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We investigated the diversity of ∼ 4500 genetic variants in key drug-biotransformation and -response genes among three South East Asian populations compared with individuals of European ancestry. We compared rates of reported ADRs in these Asian populations to determine if the allelic differentiation corresponded to an excess of the associated ADR. We identified an excess of ADRs related to clopidogrel in Singaporean Chinese, consistent with a higher frequency of a known risk variant in CYP2C19 in that population. We also observed an excess of ADRs related to platinum compounds in Singaporean CHS, despite a very low frequency of known ADR risk variants, suggesting the presence of additional genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Our results point to substantial diversity at specific pharmacogenomic loci that may contribute to inter-population variability in drug response phenotypes.

Published
2014
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2. Comparison of tet (X4)-containing contigs assembled from metagenomic sequencing data with plasmid sequences of isolates from a cohort of healthy subjects.

Author

Ding Y, Er S, Tan A, Gounot J-S, Saw W-Y, Tan LWL, Teo YY, Nagarajan N, and Seedorf H

Subjects
Humans, Tigecycline, Healthy Volunteers, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Plasmids genetics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Metagenome, Gammaproteobacteria
Abstract

Recently discovered tet (X) gene variants have provided new insights into microbial antibiotic resistance mechanisms and their potential consequences for public health. This study focused on detection, analysis, and characterization of Tet(X4)-positive Enterobacterales from the gut microbiota of a healthy cohort of individuals in Singapore using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent approaches. Twelve Tet(X4)-positive Enterobacterales strains that were previously obtained from the cohort were fully genome-sequenced and comparatively analyzed. A metagenomic sequencing (MS) data set of the same samples was mined for contigs that harbored the tet (X4) resistance gene. The sequences of tet (X4)-containing contigs and plasmids sequences were compared. The presence of the resistance genes floR and estT (previously annotated as catD ) was detected in the same cassette in 10 and 12 out of the 12 tet (X4)-carrying plasmids, respectively. MS detected tet (X4)-containing contigs in 2 out of the 109 subjects, while cultivation-dependent analysis previously reported a prevalence of 10.1%. The tet (X4)-containing sequences assembled from MS data are relatively short (~14 to 33 kb) but show high similarity to the respective plasmid sequences of the isolates. Our findings show that MS can complement efforts in the surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes for clinical samples, while it has a lower sensitivity than a cultivation-based method when the target organism has a low abundance. Further optimization is required if MS is to be utilized in antibiotic resistance surveillance.IMPORTANCEThe global rise in antibiotic resistance makes it necessary to develop and apply new approaches to detect and monitor the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in human populations. In this regard, of particular interest are resistances against last-resort antibiotics, such as tigecycline. In this study, we show that metagenomic sequencing can help to detect high abundance of the tigecycline resistance gene tet (X4) in fecal samples from a cohort of healthy human subjects. However, cultivation-based approaches currently remain the most reliable and cost-effective method for detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2024
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