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From 1951 to 1980, stroke was the main cause of disability and death among middle-aged and elderly residents in Japan. Its mortality once stood in the first place among all the developed countries, with the mortality of hemorrhagic stroke significantly higher than that of the western countries. In 1965, the mortality of stroke in Japan reached a peak of 175.8 per 100 000. Since then, it began to decline rapidly with a range of 5%-7%, and dropped to 139.5 per 100 000 in 1980, and from the top cause of death to the third place. By 2010, the mortality had dropped to 97.7 per 100 000. The significant decline in stroke morbidity and mortality in Japan is mainly attributed to controlling important risk factors and the public health service system's improvement. Setting up related policies and regulations to ensure comprehensive interventions and using the existing monitoring systems and surveys to assess interventions' effectiveness also contributes. Given the similarities of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors on stroke in Japan and China, strategies and measures adopted in Japan will have certain positive significance for China.1951-1980年脑卒中曾是日本中老年居民致残、致死的主要原因，其死亡率曾一度居发达国家首位，出血性脑卒中的死亡率显著高于西方国家。1965年日本脑卒中死亡率达到峰值（175.8/10万），此后以5%~7%幅度下降，到1980年下降至139.5/10万，其死因顺位成为第三位，到2010年下降至97.7/10万。日本脑卒中发病率、死亡率的大幅下降，主要归于重要危险因素的控制和公共卫生服务体系的完善，以及政策和法规予以保障综合干预措施的实施并可利用现有监测系统和调查评估干预措施的效果。鉴于日本脑卒中的流行病学特征和危险因素与我国具有相似之处，其在脑卒中防控中采取的策略和措施对我国有效防控脑卒中具有一定的借鉴意义。.

身体活动不足是全球死亡主要危险因素之一，与心血管疾病的关系近年来引起社会各界广泛关注。该文论述了身体活动总量、强度、类型及其组合和规律性与心血管疾病危险因素、发生风险及死亡的关系，并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the treatment process, long-term efficacy and clinical economics of children's hepatoblastoma (HB) in multi-disciplinary team (MDT) mode, so as to provide basis for the rational choice of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: From January 2014 to February 2019, 13 cases of hepatoblastoma in children who completed the whole treatment course in the Pediatric Hematology Tumor Ward of Peking University First Hospital were collected and analyzed, and were followed up until June 30, 2020. There were 9 males and 4 females who were diagnosed and treated according to the MDT process in the hospital. The median age was 16 months (2-54 months), 69.23% (9/13) were under 2 years old. The characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process and treatment effect of the cases were summarized, and the cost of clinical treatment was analyzed. RESULTS: According to the pretreatment extent of disease(PRETEXT), there were 1, 9 and 3 children with stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. 76.92% (10/13) of the patients had the largest tumor diameter > 10 cm. All the patients received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (8 patients received 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and 6 patients changed the chemotherapy plan), surgical treatment and postoperative chemotherapy, the tumor volume decreased by more than 50% (64%-95%) in 12 cases, except 1 case with no significant increase of alpha fetal protein and multiple lesions.The median length of stay was 87 days (68-214 days), the median cost of stay was 200 000 yuan (115 000-500 000 yuan), the median length of stay was 7 days (5-17 days), the median cost of stay was 20 000 yuan (15 000-60 000 yuan), and the incidence of postoperative complications was 7.69% (1/13). All the patients were followed up for 16-69 months. All the patients survived. CONCLUSION: Under the MDT mode, the treatment is seamless connection, the long-term prognosis of children with HB is good, and the total hospitalization cost and time are within the acceptable range. Standard preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy can significantly reduce the tumor, improve the resection rate, reduce postoperative complications, reduce the total individual expenditure, shorten the total hospital stay, and further improve the long-term disease-free survival rate.

营养与人体免疫一直是营养学研究的一个主题。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发后，营养与免疫更是受到前所未有的广泛关注。在过去的45年中，营养与人体免疫的相关研究仍以欧美等发达国家为主，而我国的研究不仅起步时间晚，也缺乏系统性。希望"膳食营养对人体免疫功能影响的研究方法""营养对人体免疫功能的影响""膳食模式对人体免疫功能的影响"以及"营养对炎症因子或氧化应激等人体免疫相关生物标记物的影响"4篇系统综述能为我国未来的科学研究，特别是就营养素、膳食模式与炎症/氧化应激标记物等人体免疫相关生物标记物的关系，以及对慢性病的发病机制研究方面起到参考和推动作用。.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the main cause of spine diseases, and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is an important risk factor for the degeneration of intervertebral discs. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in multiple apoptosis processes. This study investigated whether the specific COX-2 inhibitor parecoxib can inhibit NP cell apoptosis induced by ER stress.Human NP cells were isolated from the disc tissue collected from IVDD patients. We used IL-1β to establish an NP cell degenerated model. Degenerated levels were detected by the analysis of cell viability, collagen II, collagen X, aggrecan, TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-13 expression. ER stress status was examined by GRP78 and CHOP expression. Apoptosis level was mainly indicated by the positive apoptotic cells and caspase-12 expression. CHOP-plasmid transfection was performed to overexpress the CHOP protein level.IL-1β could induce the decrease of viability, collagen Ⅱ, aggrecan, but an increase of collagen X, TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-13 in NP cells, as well as the upregulation of GRP78/PERK/caspase-12 and apoptosis level, which could be inhibited by parecoxib. Parecoxib could also suppress CHOP caused by COX-2 upregulation and apoptosis in NP cells.Parecoxib is a safe and efficient COX-2 inhibitor to NP cells, which could prevent NP cells apoptosis by suppressing ER stress.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression characteristics of MTMR2 in NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL), and to further study its relationship with clinical parameters and the prognosis of patients with NKTCL. In addition, the potential mechanisms of MTMR2 promoting the progression of NKTCL was further explored.Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine MTMR2 level in peripheral blood of 45 patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma and 45 healthy volunteers. The interplay between MTMR2 expression and clinical indicators, as well as the prognosis of patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma was analyzed. Meanwhile, MTMR2 expression in NKTCL cell lines was verified by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, MTMR2 knockdown and the overexpression models were constructed using lentivirus in NKTCL cell lines, including SNK-6 and KHYG-1. Transwell invasion and cell wound healing assays were applied to analyze the effect of MTMR2 on the biological function of NKTCL cells. Finally, an in-depth study of the relationship between MTMR2 and JAK1 was conducted to explore the underlying mechanism.QRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of MTMR2 in the serum of patients with NKTCL was remarkably higher than that of healthy volunteers, and the difference was statistically significant (p0.05). Compared with patients with low expression of MTMR2, patients with high expression of MTMR2 exhibited significantly higher incidence of distant metastasis and lower overall survival rate (p0.05). The metastasis ability of NKTCL SNK-6 cells was remarkably attenuated in MTMR2 knockdown group when compared with the negative control sh-NC group (p0.05). Meanwhile, the metastatic ability of NKTCL KHYG-1 cells in MTMR2 overexpressing group was remarkably enhanced when compared with the control NC group (p0.05). The Luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that MTMR2 could target JAK1, thereby jointly regulating the malignant progression of NKTCL. In addition, cell recovery experiment verified that JAK1 could partially reverse the enhanced metastatic ability of NKTCL cells induced by the overexpression of MTMR2.MTMR2 was highly expressed in NKTCL serum samples and cell lines, leading to high risk of distant metastasis and poor prognosis. In addition, MTMR2 might promote the malignant progression of NKTCL by regulating JAK1.

Data of physical measurement of children aged 7-17 years old in China was from National Nutrition and Health Survey in 1982, 1992, 2002 and 2010-2012. From 1982 to 2012, the height and weight of children aged 7-17 years old continued to increase. The height of urban boys, urban girls, rural boys and rural girls ranged from 118.8 to 171.1, 117.8 to 159.9, 113.3 to 168.2 and 111.7 to 158.1 cm, and weight ranged from 21.3 to 61.4, 20.2 to 53.1, 19.4 to 57.9, and 19.0 to 51.5 kg, respectively. The height and weight of urban children were larger than those of rural children. The height and weight of boys were larger than those of girls, except for adolescents. From 1982 to 2012, the height increment of urban boys, urban girls, rural boys and rural girls was 8.8, 6.2, 12.9 and 10.8 cm, and weight increment was 9.9, 6.2, 9.8 and 7.6 kg, respectively. The increment of urban children was smaller than that of rural children, which implied that the disparity between urban and rural was shrinking. The increment of boys was larger than that of girls, which implied that the gender disparity was increasing.根据1982、1992、2002和2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况调查7~17岁儿童的体格测量数据，1982—2012年7~17岁儿童身高和体重持续增长。城市男生、城市女生、农村男生、农村女生的身高分别为118.8~171.1、117.8~159.9、113.3~168.2、111.7~158.1 cm，体重分别为21.3~61.4、20.2~53.1、19.4~57.9、19.0~51.5 kg；城市儿童的身高和体重高于农村，除青春期外，男生的身高和体重均高于女生。与1982年相比，2012年城市男生、城市女生、农村男生、农村女生的身高平均增幅分别为8.8、6.2、12.9、10.8 cm，体重平均增幅分别为9.9、6.2、9.8、7.6 kg；城市儿童的身高和体重增幅小于农村，城乡差异缩小；男生的增幅大于女生，性别差异扩大。.

Atherosclerosis (AS), with high risk of stroke or cerebrovascular disease, is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Increasing evidence shows that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) is related to atherothrombotic stroke susceptibility and contributes to AS progression. However, the underlying mechanism was not explained yet.Human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and considered as AS cell models. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were employed to investigate the mRNA and protein expression level, respectively. Microscopic examination through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the location of ANRIL. Cell proliferation and migration assays were demonstrated to evaluate the functional role of ANRIL in AS. Potential target of ANRIL was determined using Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP).ANRIL was upregulated and miR-399-5p was down-regulated in both human atherosclerotic plaques and ox-LDL-induced cells. ANRIL was located in cytoplasm and promoted cell proliferation and migration by sponging miR-399-5p. Further analysis identified fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) as a direct target of miR-399-5p. Finally, RAS/RAF/ERK signal pathway was proved to be involved in the regulation of ANRIL on the progression of AS.These results revealed the underlying mechanism that ANRIL promoted AS progression by sponging miR-399-5p and regulating RAS/RAF/ERK signal pathway, suggesting that ANRIL might be a potential target for the therapeutic strategy of AS.

With the rapid economic development and dramatic changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has been increasing significantly and become a serious public health threat. This article introduced the main contents of "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control", aiming to facilitate understanding and applications of the "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control" by policymakers, researchers and practitioners in related fields. Built upon these, recommendations were made for obesity screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, prevention and control policies and strategies, and future research priorities in China.随着社会经济的快速发展和居民生活方式的巨大改变，中国居民超重及肥胖患病率快速增长，已成为严重的公共卫生问题。本文对《中国肥胖预防和控制蓝皮书》的主要内容进行了总结提炼和解读，旨在促进政策制定者、研究者以及相关领域的工作者对《中国肥胖预防和控制蓝皮书》的理解与应用。并在此基础上，对中国肥胖筛查、诊断，治疗管理，预防控制的政策和策略，以及今后研究重点提出了建议。.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between Sonic hedgehog (Shh) associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P), and to explore the risk factors of cleft lip and/or palate. Many studies suggest that the pathogenesis of NSCL/P could be related to genes that control early development, in which the Shh signaling pathway plays an important role. METHODS: Peripheral blood was collected from 197 individuals (100 patients with NSCL/P and 97 healthy controls). Haploview software was used for haplotype analysis and Tag SNP were selected, based on the population data of Han Chinese in Beijing of the international human genome haplotype mapping project. A total of 27 SNP were selected for the 4 candidate genes of SHH, PTCH1, SMO and GLI2 in the Shh signaling pathway. The genotypes of 27 SNP were detected and analyzed by Sequenom mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed by chi-squared test and an unconditional Logistic regression model. RESULTS: The selected SNP basically covered the potential functional SNP of the target genes, and its minimum allele frequency (MAF) was >0.05: GLI2 73.5%, PTCH1 91.0%, SMO 100.0%, and SHH 75.0%. It was found that the genotype frequency of SNP (rs12674259) located in SMO gene and SNP (rs2066836) located in PTCH1 gene were significantly different between the NSCL/P group and the control group. Linkage disequilibrium was also found on 3 chromosomes (chromosomes 2, 7 and 9) where the 4 candidate genes were located. However, in the analysis of linkage imbalance haplotype, there was no significant difference between the disease group and the control group. CONCLUSION: In China, NSCL/P is the most common congenital disease in orofacial region. However, as it is a multigenic disease and could be affected by multiple factors, such as the external environment, the etiology of NSCL/P has not been clearly defined. This study indicates that Shh signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence of NSCL/P, and some special SNP of key genes in this pathway are related to cleft lip and/or palate, which provides a new direction for the etiology research of NSCL/P and may provide help for the early screening and risk prediction of NSCL/P.

Recently, the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) in tumor progression has caught many attentions. In this research, lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 was studied to identify how it functioned in the progression of prostate cancer.LncRNA AFAP1-AS1 expression was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in both prostate cancer cells and tissue samples. In addition, to identify the function of AFAP1-AS1 on prostate cancer in vitro, cell proliferation, transwell assay, and Matrigel assay were conducted. Furthermore, by performing qRT-PCR and Western blot assay, the underlying mechanism was explored.The expression level of AFAP1-AS1 was significantly higher in prostate cancer samples than that in corresponding ones. Additionally, the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities were inhibited after AFAP1-AS1 was knocked down in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of RBM5 were upregulated after AFAP1-AS1 was knocked down. Furthermore, the RBM5 expression level was negatively related to AFAP1-AS1 expression level in prostate cancer samples.AFAP1-AS1 acts as an oncogene in prostate cancer by enhancing cell metastasis and proliferation via suppressing RBM5, which might be a novel therapeutic strategy in treatment for prostate cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most ordinary fatal cancers. Recent studies have identified the vital role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of BC. In this research, lncRNA SNHG14 was studied to identify how it functioned in the development and metastasis of BC.SNHG14 expression of tissues was detected by Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) in 50 paired patients with BC. And cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, and transwell assay were enrolled to observe the biological behavior changes of BC cells through gain or loss of SNHG14. In addition, luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP) were performed to discover the potential targets of SNHG14 in BC cells.SNHG14 expression level of BC samples was higher than that of adjacent ones. Besides, cell growth ability and cell invaded ability of BC cells were inhibited after SNHG14 was silenced, while cell growth ability and cell invaded ability of BC cells were promoted after SNHG14 was overexpressed. In addition, miR-193a-3p was upregulated after silence of SNHG14 in BC cells, while miR-193a-3p was downregulated after overexpression of SNHG14 in BC cells. Furthermore, luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP) showed that miR-193a-3p was a direct target of SNHG14 in BC.Our study uncovers a new oncogene in BC and suggests that SNHG14 could enhance BC cell proliferation and invasion via sponging miR-193a-3p, which provided a novel therapeutic target for BC patients.

To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with hematological tumor or disease before and after reversible posterior leukoen-cephalopathy syndrome (RPLS).Five patients were both from Peking University First Hospital Pediatric Hematology-oncology Department in the period from March 2012 to March 2017. The gender, age, BMI, underlying diseases, with or without renal damage, hypertension family history, clinical manifestations of convulsions, hemoglobin, and blood pressure, serum sodium levels before and after convulsion, and other data of the children with RPLS were retrospectively analyzed. In the meantime, we followed up the five patients for 6 months to 66 months, kept a watchful eye on their original condition and the recovery of symptoms and signs of the nervous system. The relevant literature was reviewed.All of the subjects were females in school-age or pre-school age. The underlying diseases were malignant tumor associated with renal involvement or on one side of nephrectomy in 4 of these subjects, while the other one was refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia. All of the subjects suffered from mild or moderate anemia. The day before RPLS occurred they received chemotherapy made up with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and actinomycin-D, or the therapy with cyclosporin A and glucocorticoid. The clinical manifestations were afebrile convulsion after getting up in the mooring or in the afternoon. We observed elevation of blood pressure and cutting down of serum sodium compared with themselves. All of the cases recovered soon after management with diazepam, furosemide and amlodipine besylate. Four of them had a good outcomes and did not remain any sequela, while only one girl became childish in emotion and behavior, and then returned gradually to normal two years later. However, by long-term follow-up, the elevation of blood pressure was mainly reviewed in literature.The patients attacked by RPLS, with hematology or oncology cases, could have the underlying disease of renal damage and anemia. Blood pressure elevation and serum sodium falling down at the same time may play an important role during the occurrence of RPLS. Remaining stable of blood pressure and electrolyte level together will possibly reduce or mitigate RPLS.

Congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation is rare and hard to diagnose at early stage. Blood loss and complications after embolization are both severe. Some cases can be diagnosed by ultrasound, enhanced CT scan or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy can identify the location of bleeding, exclude tumors, and discharge ureteral obstruction. A case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation was reported to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula with multiple renal arteries malformation. A 36-year-old female patient with congenital renal arteriovenous fistula with multiple renal arteries malformation was hospitalized in the Department of Urology of Peking University People's Hospital. Five days before admission, the patient experienced whole course painless gross hematuria for 5 days with many blood clots. The patient's blood pressure was 90/70 mmHg, and hemoglobin was 60 g/L. The urinary CT scan showed a right hydronephrosis associated with dilatation of the upper ureter which was obstructed by space occupying lesion of the lower ureter. Many clots in the bladder could also be found in the CT scan. Cystoscopy showed many blood clots in the bladder and confirmed that the bleeding was fromthe right ureteral orifice. Ureteroscopy confirmed that the bleeding was from the right renal pelvis and many blood clots in the right ureter, and found no tumor in the right ureter and renal pelvis. We cleared the blood clots in the right ureter and inserted a ureteral stent.We thought that renal vascular malformation of the right kidney might lead to the hematuria from right renal pelvis. DSA showed a double renal arteries malformation in the right kidney. The diagnosis of "renal arteriovenous fistula" was considered with renal arteriovenous fistula in the right kidney. Selective arteriography revealed the presence of tortuous, coiled, dilated, and multichannelled vessels in the middle of the right kidney. With stainless steel coils, we embolized the vessels which supplied the fistula. Four days after the procedure, gross hematuria disappeared. Five days after the procedure, the patient's anemia improvedand the patient was discharged in good condition. Four months after the procedure, gross hematuria did not recur. The Doppler showed that the right kidney was normal and the renal dynamic showed that the right kidney function was normal. So DSA is the golden standard for diagnosis of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation. Confirming the number of renal arteries by abdominal aorta angiography is necessary to avoid missed diagnosis. Renal arterial embolization is safe and effective.

To explore the influence of SOX10 on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells.SOX10 protein in prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNcap was detected by Western blotting analysis. The expression of SOX10 in prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145) were knocked down by small interfering RNAs, and the efficiency of SOX10 by small interfering RNAs was confirmed using Western blotting analysis. CCK-8 assays were conducted to assess the influences of SOX10 on the proliferation of PC3 and DU145 cells, and invasion assays were conducted to assess the influences of SOX10 on the invasion of PC3 and DU145 cells.After SOX10 in prostate cancer cells was knocked down by small interfering RNAs, the proliferation of prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145 was significantly inhibited. Results of CCK-8 assays showed that the absorbance of PC3 and DU145 in SOX10-silenced groups was decreased compared with those in control groups (PC3: 0 d: 0.166±0.01, 0.162±0.012 vs. 0.155 ±0.01, P0.05; 1 d: 0.210±0.011, 0.211±0.018 vs. 0.252±0.023, P0.05; 2 d: 0.293±0.017, 0.280±0.028 vs. 0.433±0.030, P0.01; 3 d: 0.363±0.071, 0.411±0.038 vs. 0.754±0.045, P0.01; 4 d: 0.592±0.065, 0.670±0.093 vs. 1.456±0.111, P0.01. DU145: 0 d: 0.168±0.018, 0.164±0.01 vs. 0.153 ±0.012, P0.05; 1 d: 0.218±0.007, 0.206±0.024 vs. 0.255±0.02, P0.05; 2 d: 0.297±0.013, 0.291±0.012 vs. 0.444±0.023, P0.05; 3 d: 0.378±0.058, 0.419±0.026 vs. 0.762±0.039, P0.01; 4 d: 0.681±0.094, 0.618±0.050 vs. 1.419±0.170, P0.01). Meanwhile, knocking down SOX10 significantly suppressed the invasion of prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145. Results of invasion assays showed that the numbers of invaded cells in SOX10-silenced groups were significantly less than those in control groups (PC3: 142±38, 171±17 vs. 304±55; DU145: 96±22, 134±23 vs. 341±34, P0.05).SOX10 might promote prostate cancer progression by accelerating the ability of the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells, and SOX10 might be a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a common benign tumor in the urinary system, mainly composed of adipose tissue, blood vessels and muscle tissue. Renal AML is sporadic in most of patients, while a few are associated with tuberous sclerosis. Classical renal AML occurs predominantly in middle-aged females. Most cases are found incidentally during imaging examinations. The fat content makes AML have unique imaging characteristics and is easy to be identified with other renal tumors. However, the amount of fat varies in each tumor. AML that contains only microscopically detectable fat and whose amount of intratumoral fat may be too small to be identified on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images is termed minimal fat or fat-poor renal AML, which appears as a high density shadow in the renal parenchyma on unenhanced CT images. Thus, it can be difficult to distinguish it from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on imaging. Since the imaging findings are atypical, the diagnosis depends on pathological results. In addition, a few of AML can mimic malignant neoplasms. Recent studies suggested that AML might involve to peri-renal or renal sinus fat, regional lymphatics and other visceral organs, as well as inferior vena cava, which further makes the diagnosis more difficult. However, there is currently no reports about involvement of regional limphatics in minimal fat renal AML. In this article, we report a 27-year-old female patient without family history of tuberous sclerosis, who came to visit the hematologist because a high density shadow near the left kidney was found during CT scan which was accompanied by neck, armpits, groin, abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes enlargement. She was suspected of lymphoma in the beginning and transferred to Department of Urology to perform laparoscopic left renal mass and retroperitoneal lymph node excision and pathological examination for a definitive diagnosis. Finally, pathologic results revealed AML. Postoperative continuous lymphatic fistula developed and the retroperitoneal drainage of chylous fluid was 100-200 mL per day, lasting for 12 weeks. The fistula was successfully closed after conservative treatment including fasting and rehydration. This article summaries and discusses the diagnosis and treatment of renal AML with lymph nodes enlargement and the management of postoperative refractory lymphatic fistula by reviewing the related cases and literature.

As many developed countries have walked through the course, the trends of obesity epidemic among children in China are also rapidly increasing. This article describes the strategies for prevention and control of obesity at home and abroad, as well as the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents at different ages in China. Related factors and negative impacts on overweight and obesity regarding individual health and the society are clarified. Evidence shows that it is imminent to control childhood obesity.与许多发达国家曾走过的历程一样，近十几年来，中国儿童青少年超重肥胖流行趋势呈加速态势。本文介绍了国内外超重肥胖防控的策略，我国不同年龄儿童青少年超重肥胖的流行现状、影响因素及超重肥胖对个体健康和社会带来的负面影响，呼吁应将儿童超重肥胖防控作为一项紧迫的任务。.