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In the past decades, the United States twice undermined the global climate negotiations by declining to ratify or planning to withdraw from ratified agreements. The U.S. position is rooted in the domestic energy and climate policy, including the competences of the authorities at the federal, state and local levels, as well as at business dynamics. For the international community this means that it cannot rely solely on negotiations with the U.S. administration without broad support of the states if it wishes to avoid encountering major obstacles and loss of credibility. Consequently, a broader engagement of states in developing U.S. climate policy is suggested in a bottom-up process in line with the Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reform of U.S. trade policy was among the priorities of Donald Trump's campaign. Guidelines of the new policy developed by Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross and Peter Navarro, head of the National Trade Council, were then included in the Presidential Trade Agenda for 2017. A lower trade deficit is a key target seen by the new administration as a prerequisite for boosting economic growth. Duties and taxes are to be introduced to countervail unfair practices, which are among the sources of the deficit. The new administration's preference for bilateral rather than multilateral agreements is reiterated. Keeping with his campaign promises, Trump has signed executive orders to withdraw the U.S. from Trans-Pacific Partnership and to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reform of U.S. trade policy was among the priorities of Donald Trump's campaign. Guidelines of the new policy developed by Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross and Peter Navarro, head of the National Trade Council, were then included in the Presidential Trade Agenda for 2017. A lower trade deficit is a key target seen by the new administration as a prerequisite for boosting economic growth. Duties and taxes are to be introduced to countervail unfair practices, which are among the sources of the deficit. The new administration's preference for bilateral rather than multilateral agreements is reiterated. Keeping with his campaign promises, Trump has signed executive orders to withdraw the U.S. from Trans-Pacific Partnership and to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]