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The aim of the study was to relate the influence of the chemical composition, structure, and basic properties as hardness of the tested drill bits on resistance to their wear. The chemical composition of the drill bit was investigated using the electric excitation emission spectrometry method and EDS microanalysis. Metallographic specimens were prepared and observed to determine the structure of each tool. Hardness tests were carried out on the shank and the working part of the tools. Material wear tests were carried out on the basis of measuring the wear of the drill bit flank. It has been shown that the appropriate selection of the chemical composition and heat treatment has a significant impact on the wear resistance of cutting tools, which directly translates into their quality.

Parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum) have long been known for their organoleptic properties. They are widely used in cuisine all over the world in fresh and dried form and also as pharmaceutical raw material. The presented work assessed if the storage of parsley leaves (as whole leaves or leave pieces) and packaging with PE or Xtend® foils influence the content of selected chemical compounds and the microbiological quality of the product. For this purpose, the leaves were dried, packaged and analyzed after 3 weeks’ storage under room temperature. Neither the degree of fragmentation nor the type of packaging foil affected the content of vit. C and total sugars. Higher content of reducing sugars was obtained in the samples packed in PE foil. Number of detected bacteria did not exceed the safety border. Less bacterial colonies were detected in the material packed as fragmented in the PE foil. No fungal colonies were detected in the leaves packed in the Xtend® foil.

This article presents a detailed analysis of the functioning of municipal sewage treatment plants. The presented findings are based on questionnaires from over seventy wastewater treatment facilities, covering from several hundred to several hundred thousand inhabitants. The required quality of treated sewage and the necessary efficiency level of the treatment plant were determined in the context of the content of the applicable regulations, and were then compared with the actual data obtained from sewage treatment plants. The findings provided the basis for formulating an evaluation of the efficiency of municipal sewage treatment plants and for further analyses of the possibility of the recovery of water from sewage and its reuse.

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The objective of this study was to determine the requirements for steels used as construction materials for chemical apparatus operating at an elevated temperature and to correlate them with the properties of the tested steels. The experimental part examined the influence of the annealing process on the structure and properties of X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462) and X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 (1.4501) steel. Heat treatment was carried out on the tested samples at a temperature of 600 °C and 800 °C. Changes were observed after the indicated time intervals of 250 and 500 h. In order to determine the differences between the initial state and after individual annealing stages, metallographic specimens were performed, the structure was analyzed using an optical microscope and the micro-hardness was measured using the Vickers method. Potentiostatic tests of the samples were carried out to assess the influence of thermal process parameters on the electrochemical properties of the passive layer. An increase in the hardness of the samples was observed with increasing temperature and annealing time, the disappearance of magnetic properties for both samples after annealing at the temperature of 800 °C, as well as a significant deterioration in corrosion resistance in the case of treatment at a higher temperature.

The paper presents an assessment of the impact of using additives on the strength of a binding material, i.e., building gypsum, and also the phase transformation that takes place in it. Microspheres, aerogel and polymer (HEMC) additives were added to a building gypsum slurry with a water to gypsum ratio of 0.75. In order to investigate their influence on bending strength, compressive strength, and the effect of high temperatures, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as tests of the multicomponent binder, were carried out in accordance with the applicable PN-EN 13279-2:2005 standard. The obtained test results allowed to determine that the used additives influenced the strength parameters of the obtained composites. It was shown that the applied additives decreased the compressive and bending strength of the modified gypsum. Despite these properties, the obtained gypsum materials are environmentally friendly because they reuse wastes, such as microspheres. Out of all the applied additives, the use of microspheres in an amount of 10% caused a decrease in the bending strength by only 10%, and an increase in the compressive strength by 4%.

Recommendation systems play an important role in e-commerce turnover by presenting personalized recommendations. Due to the vast amount of marketing content online, users are less susceptible to these suggestions. In addition to the accuracy of a recommendation, its presentation, layout, and other visual aspects can improve its effectiveness. This study evaluates the visual aspects of recommender interfaces. Vertical and horizontal recommendation layouts are tested, along with different visual intensity levels of item presentation, and conclusions obtained with a number of popular machine learning methods are discussed. Results from the implicit feedback study of the effectiveness of recommending interfaces for four major e-commerce websites are presented. Two different methods of observing user behavior were used, i.e., eye-tracking and document object model (DOM) implicit event tracking in the browser, which allowed collecting a large amount of data related to user activity and physical parameters of recommending interfaces. Results have been analyzed in order to compare the reliability and applicability of both methods. Observations made with eye tracking and event tracking led to similar results regarding recommendation interface evaluation. In general, vertical interfaces showed higher effectiveness compared to horizontal ones, with the first and second positions working best, and the worse performance of horizontal interfaces probably being connected with banner blindness. Neural networks provided the best modeling results of the recommendation-driven purchase (RDP) phenomenon.

The term field cancerization was proposed by Slaughter in 1953 to describe multifocal neoplastic lesions in the oral mucosa. Currently, it is well known that field cancerization can occur also in the skin. There is no one, universal and generally accepted management for the patients with multiple actinic keratosis and field cancerization. We presented two cases with large field cancerization on the face and the scalp. In both patients, we performed one stage surgery with split thickness skin graft with good final esthetic and functional result. Available literature on the role of classical surgical removal in treating field cancerization is very limited. We believe that surgery can be consider as an option for the treatment in some high risk patients with very large field cancerization, but further observation and evaluation of this method is needed., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The article presents the course of meteorological droughts in Vistula subcatchments in years 1981-2010 and their influence on the occurrence of hydrological droughts. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) as an indicator of meteorological drought on the one hand and the Standardized Water-level Index (SWI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) as indicators of hydrological drought on the other, the mutual relationships between precipitation conditions and hydrological conditions were evaluated, as well as the relationships between the two drought types. Studies were conducted for three cumulative periods of these indices, of 12, 24, and 48 months. It was determined that meteorological droughts occurred earliest in the north-western and central part of the basin, and latest in areas lying above 300 m a.s.l. and in the south of Poland. Total duration, depending on the cumulative period, for SPI comprised from 38 to 41% of the analyzed period and for SWI (35-47%) and SRI (24-51%). The strongest relationships were identified in the central part of the Vistula (0.8 < r < 0.85), while the weakest relationships were recorded in the foothill region (r < 0.5). There were also indicated non-climate-related factors influencing those relationships (underground reservoirs, diverse Vistula water resource usage for municipal and industrial intake).

Cleft lips, alveolar ridges and palates are among the most common birth defects. There are over 500 different complex genetic disorders that include cleft defects. The most common related defects include abnormalities of the skeleton, skull, cardiovascular and nervous system. The occurrence of a cleft results from the interplay of multiple genes and environmental factors. Several thousand different mutations responsible for these syndromes have been discovered, whereas there are still numerous phenotypic cases of unknown genetic origin. The aim of this study was to present various clinical aspects and the latest discoveries with regard to genetic research in complex malformations, such as Van der Woude syndrome, popliteal pterygium syndrome, EEC syndrome, Pierre Robin sequence, various forms of Stickler syndrome, and Treacher Collins syndrome. These complex syndromes have different incidences, and most of them also have allelic variants with characteristic severities that differ even among close relatives. Easier access to genetic counseling and the lower cost of DNA testing in recent years can lead to new findings on the causes of such syndromes.

The lipophilicities of 22 selected sunscreens, preservatives, and vitamins used in topical skin products were measured by thin-layer chromatography. Lipophilicity was calculated in silico from the sunscreen molecular structures and compared to the experimental octanol/water partition coefficients found in the literature. The retention of the compounds was investigated on an RP-18 stationary phase with mobile phases consisting of water and one of six organic modifiers (dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, and dimethylformamide) at different concentrations. The theoretical lipophilicities were calculated by several computational algorithms and the results of these calculations were compared using cluster analysis. The results showed that two out of the six investigated organic modifiers (dioxane and acetone) may be used to estimate the octanol/water partition coefficients of highly lipophilic compounds having lipophilicities that cannot be measured directly by the shake-flask method., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Aim: Ovarian cancer (OC) is associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in both, pre- and postoperative period. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficacy and the safety of an early prophylaxis with dalteparin in patients with OC qualified to surgery., Methods: The prospective, non-randomized study was performed in the group of OC patients qualified to surgical treatment. The study group (SG) consisted of 37 patients with OC in whom thromboprophylaxis was started at the moment of qualification to the surgery (mean 16,1 days ± 11,32 SD before procedure). The control group (CG) consisted of 61 patients with OC qualified to surgery in whom thromboprophylaxis was started 12 hour before surgical treatment. The duration of postoperative prophylaxis was 4 weeks in both groups. Dalteparin 5000 U/day was used in both groups. The primary end points were occurrence of VTE and major bleeding. The patients underwent color Doppler US and D-dimer (DD) assessment at the moment of qualification for surgery, 1 day before and 7, 14, 28 days and 3 months after procedure., Results: The total duration of thromboprophylaxis was 45.3 ± 10.7 days in SG and 27.9 ± 3.7 days in CG (P < 0.0001). The deep venous thrombosis rate was 2,7% in SG and 16.4% in CG (P = 0.042). Neither pulmonary embolism, nor major bleeding were observed. Median preoperative DD concentration in all patients was 1700 ng/ml and was significantly higher in patients who developed postoperative DVT when compared to those who did not, 2556.8 and 1691.0 ng/mL respectively (P = 0.0009)., Conclusion: Prolonged preoperative thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin in patients with ovarian cancer qualified to the surgical treatment is safe, decreases the risk of thromboembolic complications. To determine indication, dosage and timing of such thromboprophylaxis in this group of patients further studies are required.

Vascular tumours and vascular malformations are common vasculose anomalies characteristic for dissimilar clinical course, specific biological as well as immune cytological and histological properties. Vascular lesions classification system and their detailed division into groups and subgroups were elaborated and implemented in Rome, in 1996, during meeting of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA). It was based on modification of an earlier going division by Mullikien and Głowacki from 1982. Infantile hemangiomas are the most numerous group of benign tumours of mesenchymal origin. Vascular malformations appear definitely less often. They are composed of normal endothelium lined displastic vessels which originate from vascular tissue abnormal morphogenesis. In contrast, in hemangiomas, at the proliferation stage, increased, multiplication of endothelial cells is observed as well as of fibroblasts, mastocytes and macrophages. Infantile hemangiomas are usually not present at the moment of birth and white chloasma with superficial teleangiectasis appears which increases within 3-4 weeks and gets bright red colour and reveal very characteristic clinical course basing on intensive growth period and involution long process. Vascular malformations are observed most often at the delivery moment or they may appear at an early childhood. They enlarge proportionally along with the child's growth and their sudden expansion may be triggered by an infection, hormonal changes or trauma. Contrary to hemangiomas, they do not subside spontaneously and their abrupt increase may result in impairment or deformation of important anatomical structures. Infantile hemangiomas and vascular malformations require different and individual treatments which are often multi-stage procedures carried on in specialistic centres of plastic surgery, vascular surgery or maxillofacial surgery.

Vascular tumours and malformations are revealed at birth and do not subside. The aim of the study was to present the principles and outcomes of treatment of patients with arteriovenous malformations treated at the Clinic of Plastic Surgery in Polanica Zdrój in the years 2009- 2010. Only one patient, who had not been treated previously, had the lesion on the cheek removed subtotally and the defect was closed by means of local repair. In the remaining patients, with primary lesions located in the auricle, scalp, and cheeks, the indications for operation included recurrent infections, ulcerations, and first of all, massive, life-threatening haemorrhages. All the patients, treated for many years in other centres, had underwent numerous resection procedures, vessel ligations, embolizations and obliterations. The patients were followed up after the surgery every 6 months. The therapy aim was achieved in all the patients. Vascular tumours were removed totally or subtotally, the lost structures were reconstructed and permanent healing of the wound was achieved. None of the patients developed recurrence of the disease, infection, or bleeding.

Jaundice is a rare symptom of the HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) and is diagnosed in only 5% of the patients with this condition. However jaundice is related with sever presentation of the disease and associated with higher mortality The aim of this paper was to present a case of 24-year-old patient with jaundice as the first symptom of severe HELLP syndrome. A review of the literature about symptoms and treatment of HELLP syndrome and differential diagnosis of jaundice in pregnancy was done as well.

Between 2001 and 2006 treated 84 patients with VPI. The patients were qualified for pharyngeal flap, Orticochea and Furlow's operations. Since 2007-2009 there were 22 consecutive patients who were qualified for Orticochea and Furlow operations performed at the same operation-stage. The best results were obtained by using Orticochea and Furlow operations., (Copyright © 2010 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The psychosocial consequences of psychosis in the youth are educational negligence's, poor peer relations and difficulties in achieving life independency. MORS--the Stationary Model Centre of Sociopsychiatric Rehabilitation was created for overcoming these problems., Aim: To present the programme of rehabilitation and its effects in MORS., Method: The evaluation was performed in 18 of the 26 young persons being admitted to MORS in the years 2006-2008. Structured Questionnaires of past history for the staff and clients, the SOC-29 and KIDscreen -52 scales were used., Results: A significant number of young people from incomplete families, and/or families burdened with parental mental health problems was noticeable. The best effects were achieved in compensating for educational negligence's, and improving the social and life skills. The self estimation of health and life satisfaction was lower in the youth clients on discharge from MORS than in the general population., Conclusions: According to retrospective evaluation, the stationary programme of psychosocial rehabilitation in MORS seems to be effective in youths with psychotic disorders and difficulties in social functioning. Further development, and prospective evaluation of that programme would be valuable. Social support in local communities for the youth being discharged from MORS is needed.