Search

Objetivou­­-se realizar o estudo fitossociológico das plantas daninhas em área cultivada com feijão-caupi em sistemas de plantio direto (SPD) e convencional (SPC), no município de Bom Jesus - PI. Para cada sistema de plantio, por ocasião da colheita do feijão-caupi, foram realizados 60 processos de amostragem utilizando um quadrado vazado de 0,16 m2, foram realizadas a identificação, contagem e peso seco da biomassa. Densidade, frequência, abundância e dominância relativas foram calculadas e o índice de valor de importância determinado. Ao final do ensaio, foram identificadas 28 espécies e 12 famílias botânicas, sendo a família Poaceae a mais frequente, seguida pela Malvaceae. No SPC a espécie Alternanthera tenella apresentou maior densidade e acúmulo de massa seca relativa com 11,17 plantas m-2 e 39,67%, respectivamente. No SPD, verificou-se 12 espécies com densidade de 31,32 plantas m-2, sendo Richardia brasiliensis a espécie encontrada em maior densidade (13,20 plantas m-2) e acúmulo de massa seca relativa (46,86%). O sistema de plantio direto modificou a dinâmica da comunidade infestante, reduzindo a densidade total de plantas infestantes em 48% e 52% no acúmulo de massa seca relativa em relação ao plantio convencional.

A identificação de cultivares de milho segunda safra produtivas para Balsas-MA é importante para aumentar a lucratividade do produtor rural dessa cultura. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de milho segunda safra em Balsas-MA. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 25 cultivares de milho e quatro repetições. Quando a cultura atingiu a fase de maturidade fisiológica, foi avaliado a altura das plantas, a altura de inserção de espiga, o comprimento de espiga, o número de fileiras por espiga, o número de grãos por fileiras, o diâmetro da espiga, a massa de mil grãos e a produtividade dos grãos. As cultivares de milho BM 270 PRO3, BM 270 PRO2, BM 880 PRO3, HLX 1767 PRO2 e P3845 VYHR tem o maior potencial produtivo nas condições edafoclimáticas de Balsas-MA.

In guava plants, production pruning can be performed twice a year, and the return of growth is dependent on the physiological responses that are altered by the different cultivation environments and adopted management. From this perspective, this study aimed to characterize the photosynthetic dynamics of guava plants influenced by different pruning and fruit thinning intensities during two growing seasons in the region of Currais, Piauí, Brazil. The plants were distributed in a randomized block design with a factorial arrangement (3 × 3 × 2) consisting of three pruning intensities (short, medium, and long) and three fruit thinning intensities (0, 10, and 20%) during two growing seasons. The data were subjected to a cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis to discriminate treatment groups based on the variables. Through a cluster analysis for the evaluated treatments, it was possible to split the two pruning seasons into five different groups clustered for the first pruning season and the second pruning season. The highest assimilation values were observed in the first pruning season and especially in plants that received short pruning with 0% fruit thinning, medium pruning with 10% and 20% fruit thinning, and long pruning with 10% fruit thinning. Through the graphic representation of the canonical discriminant analysis, the first two variables explained 93.40% of the total variance contained in the nine original variables. The highest means of ambient PAR, transpiration, leaf temperature, internal carbon, and ambient temperature were observed in the second pruning season and in plants that received short pruning with 10% and 20% fruit thinning, medium pruning with 0% and 20% fruit thinning, and long pruning with 0%, 10%, and 20% fruit thinning favors a higher photosynthetic accumulation in guava plants. We observed a multiplicity of responses; however, short pruning with 10% thinning should be considered for both seasons.

As fontes de fertilizantes fosfatados apresentam diferenças no produto das reações químicas entre o fertilizante e o solo, sendo influenciadas pelas características químicas e texturais do solo. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar características morfofisiológicas da cultura da soja sob diferentes fontes de fósforo no sudoeste piauiense. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo que os tratamentos constaram de quatro fontes de fósforo (o superfosfato simples (SSP), o superfosfato triplo (SPT), fosfato natural reativo (FNR) e o fosfato natural reativo + enxofre (FNR+S)), mais uma testemunha com calcário Cincal, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi implantado no ano agrícola 2012/13 e as avaliações foram realizadas durante as safras 2013/14 e 2014/15. Foram avaliadas variáveis do estádio fenológico de florescimento pleno e de produção da soja. As características morfofisiológicas da cultura da soja foram influenciadas pelas fontes de fósforo, conforme constatado no estande de plantas, índice de área foliar, radiação fotossintética ativa e eficiência da radiação fotossintética ativa, fitomassa seca, produtividade e no peso de mil grãos.

In this study, the growth and productive characteristics of the soybean were investigated in no-till system after using limestone in a tropical soil of the Brazilian Cerrado. The study was conducted in a Typic Hapludox. The sources of limestone came from Piauí miners (C1, C2 and C3) and from a mining company in Ceará (C4) plus a control treatment (without limestone), with four replicates, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons, in a randomized block design. The limestone was applied in October 2012, using a gravity distribution. The limestone rate applied was 2.73 Mg ha-1 to raise the soil base saturation to 60%. The final plant stand, relative chlorophyll index, leaf area index, shoot dry matter, photosynthetically active radiation, the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation, number of stems, pod number per plant, thousand-grain mass and grain yield of the soybean were evaluated. There were significant differences between the sources of limestone, with emphasis on the sources C1 and C4 due to the greater increases in plant growth and soybean grain yield (79% and 90%, respectively, in the 2014/2015 harvest). Soybean yield is correlated to the vegetative and reproductive development of the plant when cultivated in a tropical soil of the Cerrado corrected with limestone.

Fava bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.), is a rustic species and has great adaptability to arid regions of Brazil and stands out for its social importance and high levels of protein. Even so, the culture presents low productivity due to several factors, such as the quality of the seed. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the fungitoxic action of organic products, namely vinasse, cassava wastewater and agave extract, isolated and mixed, for treatment of beans seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial 8 x 2 (eight byproducts x two seed groups) with five replications. The seeds were evaluated for hysiological and sanitary quality, properly incubated in Petri plates on a triple layer of filter paper, sterilized and moistened with distilled water, where the assessments of the incidence of plant pathogens were performed after 7 days of incubation. Through the results, it is observed that the seeds of red fava bean were the most tolerant to organic products, without compromising the physiological quality. In general, the byproducts have significantly reduced the incidence of fungi identified in red and white fava bean.

RESUMO Os fungos pertencentes à família Botryosphaeriaceae são potenciais fitopatógenos e por apresentarem hábito cosmopolita, parasítico, endófitico e uma grande diversidade genética, morfológica e ecológica têm uma considerável importância nos estudos de doenças de plantas. A dificuldade para esporulação e os longos períodos de tal etapa no ciclo reprodutivo dos fungos desta familia são as principais limitações para a manipulação dos mesmos in vitro. Diante disto, este trabalho objetivou testar frutos de ata (Annona squamosa) como meio de cultura alternativo, afim de obter tempos de esporulação inferiores aos já descritos na literatura. Por fim, a utilização dos frutos de ata como meio de cultura demonstrou-se eficiente na esporulação dos isolados testados. Alem disso, dois dos isolados avaliados so foram capazes de esporular nos frutos de ata. ABSTRACT Fungi belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family are potential phytopathogens of considerable importance in plant disease studies due to their cosmopolitan, parasitic and endophytic habit, and great genetic, morphological and ecological diversity. The difficulty with sporulation and the long periods for such step in the reproductive cycle are the major limitations of handling these fungi tlid-translation in vitrotlid-translation. Thus, the present study aimed to test sugar apple fruits (Annona squamosa) as an alternative culture medium to obtain sporulation periods shorter than those described in the literature. Finally, the use of sugar apple fruits as a culture medium proved to be efficient for sporulation of the tested isolates. In addition, two of the evaluated isolates were only capable of sporulating in sugar apple fruits .

Papaya is a tropical fruit of great importance in the international and national market. For crop success, the use of quality seedlings is of paramount importance and substrates formulated from organic sources may be a viable alternative. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of papaya seedlings in different formulations and levels of organic substrates. A completely randomized design was used in a 4x4+1 factorial scheme, corresponding to four substrate formulations, containing decomposed buriti stem (CDB). The treatments included of the following: (CDB, ½ CDB + ½ poultry manure, ½ CDB + ½ cattle manure and ½ CDB + ½ gray with plant origin sourced from materials resulting from the burning of plant material (stem, branches); four proportion levels of the formulations of the substrates mixed to the soil (25; 50; 75 and 100%) and the additional control (100% soil). The following variables were measured: plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, shoot dry matter, root length and root dry matter at 42 days of seedling cultivation. The results showed that use of an ideal source of organic matter is feasible in the production of papaya seedlings. The substrate consisting of CBD + poultry manure had great potential to be used in the production of papaya seedlings.

The main physical and morphological characteristics of Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae –Mimosaceae) fruits and seeds, and correlation estimates between these characteristics were investigate in this study. Mature fruits of I. laurina were collected from matrices trees established in a savannah area located at the municipality of Cassilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The length, width, and thickness of 100 fruits and 100 seeds were measured. The fresh mass of fruits, pulp and seeds, and seed number per fruit were quantified. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, adjustment of statistical distributions, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis (rS). The I. laurina presents variation in the size and weight of fruits, pulp, and seeds, which can be explored for breeding programs and should be considered in the formation of seed lots that are more homogeneous. The fruits of I. laurina species are composed of 41% of pulp, 39% of bark and 20% of the seed. The greater fruit pulp yield can be optimized with the selection of fruits with greater fresh mass and longer due to the high degree of association between these characteristics and the pulp yield. The fruit length is a good indication in the selection of seeds with greater weight.

The anamorphic form of powdery mildew is the most common form in Brazil. Traditionally, this group of fungi has been classified based on morphological characteristics and host species. This study was designed to determine the species involved in a severe occurrence of powdery mildew on Clitoria fairchildiana in northeastern Brazil. Based on morphology, molecular analyses and pathogenicity tests of fungal samples, anamorphic Erysiphe quercicola was recognized as the powdery mildew on C. fairchildiana. This is the first report of E. quercicola causing powdery mildew on this species in Brazil.

The culture of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) of wide adaptation of the various edaphoclimatic conditions of Brazil is of fundamental importance for the socioeconomic development of the north and northeast regions, however, the productivity can be limited by pathogenic agents, such as phytonematodes, belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. Due to this condition, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of different varieties of cowpea against the parasitism of M. incognita. The reaction test was performed with inoculation of 5.000 eggs/juveniles in the region of the root. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized design, with 14 varieties (Bastiãozinho; Mosqueado; Maravilha; Balinha; Garanhão; Sempre verde; Canapuzinho; Canapu branco; Paulistinha; Pujante; Canapu da Vagem Roxa; Rajado PE; Costela de Vaca e Setentão) with five replications. 60 Sixty days after inoculation, some agronomic characteristics and parasitism were evaluated. All varieties were susceptible to M. incognita, with RR > 1. However, the Paulistinha variety proved to be moderately resistant.

The economic and scientific interest in Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira) has increased in recent years, especially due to the commercialization of its fruits and the extraction of natural compounds with high pharmacological potential. This paper aims to determine and correlate the main physical and biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of mangaba tree, as well as identifying the most appropriate substrate for the seedling emergence test. The following physical and biometric traits were measured in 100 fruits and 100 seeds: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, thickness, fresh mass, pulp fresh mass, volume, number of seeds. To identify the best substrate, a completely randomized design with two treatments (substrates) and ten replications of 20 seeds was used. The evaluated substrates were: sand and commercial substrate (Plantmax HT®). The shoot height, root length, stem diameter, total dry mass, and the relation between shoot height and stem diameter were evaluated at 50 days after sowing. Mangaba fruits and seeds showed great variations in their biometric traits, in addition to significant and positive correlation predominant in most characteristics. High fruit pulp yield can be optimized with the selection of plants with fruits show greater fresh mass due to the high degree of association between this characteristic and pulp yield. The use of the commercial substrate resulted in higher shoot height, greater number of leaves, and higher shoot height/stem diameter ratio.

Herein is reported the study on the antifungal potential of VOCs produced by actinobacterial strains from the rhizosphere of Caatinga plants. Twenty strains were screened for their ability to produce VOCs with growth inhibition (GI) potential against the phytopathogen fungus Colletotrichum musae . The most active VOCs were produced by Streptomyces sp. (ACTB-77) and Amycolatopsis sp. (ACTB-290). The effect of VOCs from ACTB-77 and ACTB-290 on the morphological structure of the fungus hyphae was investigated by SEM and revealed significant deformation of the fungal cell filaments, especially in the case of ACTB-290. VOCs produced by these two actinobacteria strains and the fungus under axenic and co-culture conditions were investigated using HS-SPME-GCMS combined approaches, and all data were analyzed by statistical methods. Most of the mVOCs were identified, representing 92-100% of total peaks areas. Linalool (38.53±5.19%) and geosmin (17.25±2.55%) were the major VOCs constituents from ACTB-77, while dimethyl disulfide (48.49±3.48%) and dimethyl trisulfide (21.14±3.50%) were the major VOCs compounds produced by ACTB-290. Statistical analyses of data from co-cultures showed that the VOCs profile of the experiment involving ACTB-77 was more influenced by the fungal VOCs while the experiment with ACTB-290 was more influence by compounds from the actinobacteria.

Cashew gummosis is one of the main diseases of the cashew in the semi-arid region of the northeast and is characterised by a decline in the plants and a reduction in stand. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent, is an endophytic fungus that eventually takes on pathogenic characteristics; however, the environmental conditions that cause this change in behaviour are still unknown. It is assumed that stress in the host caused by environmental changes stimulate pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to define the relationship between climate and geographical factors and the occurrence of gummosis. Rainfall data, maximum and minimum temperature, thermal amplitude, and the altitude of 14 micro-regions in the northeast were compared and classified into five frequencies of disease occurrence: 0 (no occurrence), 1 (rare occurrence), 2 (frequent occurrence), 3 ( generalised occurrence) and 4 (generalised high-severity occurrence). The data were submitted to the Doornik-Hansen test for multivariate normality, and principal component analysis was carried out using the correlation matrix between the climate and geographical variables and occurrence of the disease. Areas of disease severity were correlated (Pearson’s correlation). Only thermal amplitude, altitude and latitude were associated with the different areas of gummosis occurrence. The districts of Buíque, in the state of Pernambuco, and São Raimundo Nonato, Canto do Buriti and Pio IX, in Piauí, with the highest incidence of the disease, had the highest values for thermal amplitude, altitude and latitude. Whereas the districts of Pacajus and Beberibe had a lower occurrence of gummosis, with lower values for thermal amplitude, altitude and latitude. RESUMO A resinose é uma das principais doenças do cajueiro no semiárido nordestino e caracteriza-se pelo declínio das plantas e redução do estande. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, agente causal, é um fungo endofítico que, eventualmente, assume o caráter patogênico, entretanto, as condições de ambiente que provocam esta mudança de comportamento ainda são desconhecidas. Presume-se que estresses no hospedeiro provocados por mudanças ambientais estimulam a patogenicidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer relações entre fatores climáticos e geográficos com a ocorrência da resinose. Foram comparados os dados de precipitação pluviométrica, temperaturas máxima e mínima, amplitude térmica e altitude de 14 microrregiões nordestinas classificadas em cinco frequências de ocorrência da doença: 0 (sem ocorrência), 1 (ocorrência rara), 2 (ocorrência frequente) e 3 (ocorrência generalizada) 4 (ocorrência generaliza em alta severidade). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de normalidade multivariada pelo teste de Doornik e Hansen e a análise dos componentes principais foi realizada por meio da matriz de correlação das variáveis climáticas, geográficas e da ocorrência da doença. As áreas de severidade da doença foram correlacionadas (Correlação de Pearson). Somente, a amplitude térmica, altitude e latitude foram associadas às diferentes áreas de ocorrência da resinose. Os municípios Buíque, em Pernambuco, São Raimundo Nonato, Canto do Buriti e Pio IX, no Piauí, em que ocorre a maior incidência da doença apresentaram os maiores valores de amplitude térmica, altitude e latitude. Enquanto que, os municípios Pacajus e Beberibe tiverem menores ocorrências da resinose e apresentaram os menores valores de amplitude térmica, altitude e latitude.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar por meio da análise de trilha, a influência de alguns caracteres agronômicos de cultivares de soja, em função de diferentes densidades de planta, e a contribuição dessas características no rendimento de grãos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso completos, dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por quatro densidades populacionais (300, 400, 500 e 600 mil plantas por hectare) e, as subparcelas foram compostas por seis cultivares (BMX Força RR, CD 250 RR, FMT 08 ? 60.346/1, NA 5909 RR, TMG 7161 RR e V ? TOP RR) cultivados em Lavras e Incofindentes, ambos em Minas Gerais. Por ocasião da colheita determinou-se a altura de plantas, a inserção do primeiro legume, o índice de colheita, o número de legumes por planta, o número de grãos, o número de grãos por vagem e a produtividade dos grãos. Com os dados obtidos foram elaboradas as matrizes de correlação fenotípica. As correlações foram desdobradas em efeitos diretos e indiretos das variáveis independentes (componentes de produtividade e caracteres agronômicos) sobre a variável dependente (produtividade de grãos). Os caracteres número de legumes por planta e o número de grãos por legumes são os componentes que apresentam maiores efeitos diretos sobre a produtividade de grãos de soja, sendo assim, estes podem ser utilizados na seleção indireta visando o incremento da produtividade de grãos.

The definition of nitrogen doses for baru species becomes necessary because each forest species responds differently to nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate baru seedlings' response to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilization and liming. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized blocks design, arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, being the factors consisted of five doses of nitrogen in covering (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg dm−3) and substrate with and without limestone and PK, with four replications. At 60 days after transplanting, the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaflets, leaf area, shoot dry mass, chlorophyll content, N content in the leaves, root length, root volume, root dry mass, height/stem diameter ratio, shoot dry mass/root dry mass ratio, and Dickson quality index were evaluated. The substrate with liming influences positively the root dry mass. Nitrogen and PK fertilization promote increase in the relative chlorophyll...

The objective of this study was to compare the behavior of sheep in different pastures, checking for possible differences in time spent grazing, leisure, and the number of bites of animals. 10 sheep Santa Ines were used, at the age of two years, with an average weight of 25.25 ± 2.65 kg. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments ( Andropogon gayanus pastures and Cynodon dactylon cv. Vaquero) and five replicates per treatment. The trial lasted five days. Two evaluations were performed with duration of 24 hours each, for a day and the average of the two assessments was used in the statistical analysis. It may be noted that as the number of bits, the highest peak occurred in the early hours of the morning (22.16 bites per minute). Daily grazing time was higher (P

Tridax procumbens is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and popularly known as erva-de-touro or margaridinha. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of cover crops when incorporated or maintained on the soil surface at different levels of straw, on the emergence and initial development of erva de touro. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the period of May to August 2014, in a (5 x 4 + 1) factorial scheme. Factor A consists of five species of cover crops: millet cv. ADR 300 (Pennisetum glaucum), Brachiaria (Urochola brizantha), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria ocroleuca), and factor B had four levels of dry mass (dry matter) of these plants (3, 6, 9 and 12 t ha-1) on the soil surface. One treatment had no cover crops (control). The experiment involves a randomized block design with four replications. The analyzed variables were total number of emerged plants, shoot dry mass, leaf area, root dry mass and root volume. The cover crops at different levels of straw were efficient, giving greater prominence to the species, P. glaucum and V. unguiculata in suppressing the erva do touro (T. procumbens). Key words: Allelopathy, Brachiaria, millet, weed.

The physical and / or allelopathic effects caused by cover crops residue can be used to suppress the emergence and / or reduce weed growth. Based on the effects of mulch on soil surface, the object...

Esta revisão teve como objetivo avaliar a evolução da avicultura em vários aspectos, bem como sua produção e tendência ao consumo no Brasil e no mundo. O espaço ocupado pelo Brasil atualmente, foi devido à intensificação no seu processo de produção, relacionado a fatores como introdução de novas tecnologias melhoria genética, uso de instalações mais apropriadas e alimentação racional. As inúmeras inovações na área de genética, nutrição, sanidade e no processo produtivo de forma geral, possibilitaram a produção de frangos com mais peso, em menos tempo e com menor consumo de ração são alguns dos diversos fatores que contribuíram para que o setor alcançasse o patamar atual.

O bem-estar animal e afetado por fatores climaticos que causam influencias sobre o conforto termico, portanto, o objetivo desta revisao da literatura foi avaliar a influencia de fatores ambientais sobre as variaveis fisiologicas de animais interessantes zootecnicos. O rendimento e limitado ao stress do animal como resposta ao ambiente onde ele e submetido. A adaptacao do animal esta ligada a sua condicao fisiologica relacionada com a sua zona de sobrevivencia, tais como: neutralidade termica (conforto), zona de hipotermia (estresse pelo frio) e zona de hipertermia (estresse por calor). Variaveis fisiologicas: frequencia respiratoria (FR); taxa de sudorese (SR); temperatura rectal (RT); frequencia cardiaca (FC). As variaveis ambientais: temperatura do ar (AT), umidade relativa do ar (AH), de bulbo umido do indice temperatura do globo (WBGTI) e carga termica radiante (RTC). As variaveis meteorologicas influenciaram na termorregulacao dos animais, afetando seu conforto termico e diminuindo seu bem-estar. A adaptacao das condicoes que sao oferecidas pelo clima da regiao e um dos fatores responsaveis pelo potencial produtivo do animal.

A cultura da soja apresenta importância socioeconômica mundial, portanto, se faz necessário estudos que visem ampliar seu desempenho produtivo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos caracteres agronômicos em função da aplicação de fontes e doses de N associadas à inoculação com Bradyrhizobium japonicum no teor de proteína e na produtividade de grãos na cultura da soja. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, disposto em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 5: dois locais (UFMS 1 e UFMS 2), duas fontes de nitrogênio [ureia (45% de N) e sulfato de amônio (21% de N)] e cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha–1), com quatro repetições. No estádio R3, foram avaliadas a altura de planta, teor foliar de clorofila, área foliar e matéria seca da parte aérea. No estádio R8, avaliou-se a altura de inserção do primeiro legume, número de legumes e grãos por legume, massa de mil grãos, produtividade de grãos e teor de proteína bruta. Os resultados demostram que no experimento conduzido na área UFMS 1, a área foliar e a massa de mil grãos foram os caracteres que possuem maior efeito direto positivo sobre a produtividade de grãos e o teor de proteína, respectivamente. Na área UFMS 2, a massa de mil grãos e a matéria seca total da parte aérea foram os caracteres que apresentaram maior efeito direto positivo sobre a produtividade e teor de proteína, respectivamente.

Lima bean is one of the most popular leguminous plants in northeastern Brazil, with a strong socioeconomic influence on the regional communities. However, the low yield related to biotic and abiotic factors limits the increase in production. Among the biological agents, root-knot nematodes compromise its vegetative and productive development. In order to select genotypes resistant to Meloidogyne javanica, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and in a laboratory, in a completely randomized design, with fifteen lima bean accessions and five replicates. The reaction of lima bean accessions was evaluated through the infectivity and reproduction of M. javanica, as well as the main agronomic traits of the crop. A variation was observed in the resistance level among the accessions, with Lavandeira preta, Orelha de vó and Fava cearense being rated as very resistant, while Lavandeira vermelha was slightly resistant and the remaining accessions were all rated as susceptible. RESUMO O feijão-fava é uma das leguminosas mais apreciadas na região Nordeste, exercendo forte influência socioeconômica sobre as comunidades dessa região. No entanto, a baixa produtividade relacionada a fatores bióticos e abióticos limita o aumento da produção. Dentre os agentes biológicos, os nematoides de galhas comprometem seu desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo. Com o objetivo de selecionar genótipos resistentes a Meloidogyne javanica, conduziu-se experimento em casa-de-vegetação e em laboratório, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 acessos de feijão-fava e cinco repetições. Avaliou-se a reação dos acessos de feijão-fava por meio da infectividade e da reprodução de M. javanica, bem como as principais características agronômicas da cultura. Houve variação no nível de resistência entre os acessos avaliados, sendo que Lavandeira preta, Orelha de vó e Fava cearense foram considerados muito resistentes, enquanto Lavandeira vermelha mostrou-se levemente resistente e os demais foram suscetíveis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior of sheep Santa Ines in semi-intensive farming system, fed concentrated and bulky. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda entanglement Latitude, 4th 45'15. 50' '5 S, Longitude 440° 00' 54 85'' The Cajazeiras in district 45 km from the city of Codo - MA. 12 aged male sheep were used at the beginning of the experiment between 4-5 months and at the end with 5-6, which were previously weighed and wormed (Allpar), divided into pasture and housed in open shed, covered with ceramic tiles and concrete floor with individual stalls of 12.00 m2 each, equipped with feeder and drinker. The mass bit and bit rate was no significant difference between treatments, and the supplementation showed a higher average (p

O subito aparecimento de doencas cardiovasculares como um importante problema de saude publica, com isso o objetivo desta revisao de literatura e estudar a influencias de interacoes gene-ambiente sobre a presenca de doencas cardiovasculares e nutricao. Existe evidencia demonstra claramente que um certo numero de interacoes entre gene e ambiente. Estudos sobre epigenetica descrevem os mecanismos que permitem que as celulas respondam rapidamente as mudancas ambientais e estabelecam uma ligacao entre genes e ambiente. Foi avaliado a associacao do polimorfismo-514C/T com medidas de metabolismo de lipoproteina de alta densidade colesterol (LAD-C) que depende da quantidade e do tipo de gordura consumida. A apolipoproteina (Apo) AI e um componente chave da lipoproteina de alta densidade (LAD). O termo nutrigenomica diz respeito a avaliacao do genoma completo dos efeitos de fatores dieteticos. As doencas cardiovasculares recebem influencia da interacao gene-ambiente no qual sao avaliados risco de doencas cardiovasculares e tambem sao identificar variacoes geneticas associadas a nutrientes dos alimentos.

The objective of this review to assess the feeding behavior of cattle in Brachiaria decumbens pasture and Cynodon spp. The cattle is concentrated today as one of the main activities of the Brazilian. Therefore, it is essential to know the eating habits of these animals. The pasture quality has a direct influence on the feeding behavior of the same. Therefore provide a good pasture is one of the first steps to have a profitable activity. Livestock production (meat and / or milk) is directly related to consumption, where the sweet feed has a direct influence on this variable. So we need to provide pasture quality animals, with shading in order to avoid stress caused by heat, so that they have an adequate intake and consequently a satisfactory production.