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To investigate the prevalence of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the MT-ZVL control strategy.The epidemiological data pertaining to MT-ZVL cases in Yangquan City from 2015 to 2020 were collected and descriptively analyzed. A Joinpoint regression model was created to analyze the trend in the MT-ZVL incidence in Yangquan City from 2015 to 2020 using annual percent change (APC). The sandflies surveillance data and the prevalence ofA total of 162 MT-ZVL cases were reported in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2020, with annual mean incidence of 1.9/10The prevalence of MT-ZVL appeared a tendency towards a rapid rise in Yangquan City from 2015 to 2020, and systematic interventions are urgently needed for MT-ZVL control.

To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 25% wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate (WPPS) againstIn October 2020, a snail-infested setting which had been cleared was selected in Nanjian County, Yunnan Province and divided into several blocks, and the natural snail mortality was estimated. 25% WPPS was prepared into solutions at concentrations of 1 and 2 g/L, and 25% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPNES) was prepared into solutions at a concentration of 2 g/L. The different concentrations of drugs were sprayed evenly, and the same amount of water was used as blank control. Snails were surveyed using the systematic sampling method 1, 3 and 7 days post-treatment, and snail survival was observed. A fish pond was selected in Nanjian County, and 2 kg 25% WPPS was evenly sprayed on the water surface to allow the effective concentration of 20 g/L. Fish mortality was estimated 8, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment.One-day treatment with 1 and 2 g/L WPPS and 2 g/L WPNES resulted in 97.99%, 97.99% and 94.11% adjusted snail mortality rates (25% WPPS is effective for snail control and highly safe for fish, which is feasible for use in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure of inguinal hernia using “two-hooked” core needle apparatus in children. This study was conducted at Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2016 and June 2018. Five hundred and eighteen patients under the age of 12 years with inguinal hernias were subjected to single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (SPLPEC) using non-absorbable suture by “two-hooked” core needle apparatus. Description of the technique is as follows: Under general anesthesia, a 0.5–0.8 cm trans-umbilical skin incision was done for insertion of a 0.5 cm port. A “two-hooked” core needle apparatus was used for insertion of a non-absorbable suture around internal ring. The suture knot was tied extracorporeally. Among 518 child patients with inguinal hernias, there were 406 males and 112 females with a mean age of 4.6 ± 3.5 years. One hundred and six cases were subjected to bilateral surgery including 91 cases of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (PPV). Three cases converted to open surgery and additional 0.5 cm port was done in five cases. The mean operative time was 13.2 ± 3.5 min for unilateral hernia repair and 16.9 ± 4.6 min for bilateral cases. All patients achieved full recovery without complications such as surgical site infection (SSI), testicular atrophy, or iatrogenic ascent of the testis. At the mean follow-up time of 18.72 ± 5.27 months, two cases had recurrences (0.39%) and one case had postoperative hydrocele (0.19%). SPLPEC of inguinal hernia using “two-hooked” core needle apparatus in children is a feasible and reliable minimal invasive procedure. It has the advantages of short operating time, low complication rate, low recurrence rate and better cosmetic result.

Background Within the bone microenvironment, tumor cells secrete factors that stimulate osteoblasts to express and secrete receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which binds to its receptor RANK on the surface of osteoclasts, thus enhancing the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and promoting skeletal complications.TK006 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits RANKL, thus inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. Objective To investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TK006 in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. Patients and methods In this dose-escalating study, patients were sequentially enrolled into 60 mg, 120 mg, 180 mg single-dosing and 120 multiple-dosing cohorts. Before making dose escalation decision, the safety of TK006 during the 14-day period after dosing in the prior cohort must be confirmed. In the three single-dosing cohorts, patients were followed up for 16 weeks after dosing. In the 120 mg multiple-dosing cohort, patents were treated with 120 mg TK006 every 4 weeks for 3 times totally, and followed up for 20 weeks after the first dosing. The primary outcome was safety profile, and the secondary outcomes were pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity. Pharmacodynamics was measured by level of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and urine creatinine corrected cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (uNTX/Cr). Patients aged 18 to 65 years with breast cancer related bone metastasis were eligible. It was planned to enroll 10 subjects in each cohort for a total sample size of 40 subjects. Result As of May 24 2018, the common adverse events (AEs) related to treatment (≥10%) included: hypocalcemia (25.0%), limbs pain (20.0%), gamma-glutamyl transferase increased (17.5%), lactate dehydrogenase increased (12.5%), alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase increased (12.5%), aspertate aminotransferase increased (12.5%), alanine aminotransferase (10.0%),osphyalgia (10.0%) toothache (10.0%) and hypertriglyceridemia (10%). Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate except one case of grade 3 hypertriglyceridemia and two cases of grade 3 gamma-glutamyl transferase increasement. No esteonecrosis of the jaw or treatment-related SAE was reported. In the 60 mg single-dosing cohort, a significant reduction in median uNTX/Cr was observed as early as day 1, the nadir of median uNTX/Cr was reach at day 28 and started to return towards the baseline level at day 112 (Table 1). Only modest decreasing from baseline in median bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was observed. Table 1.Effects of 60 mg TK006 therapy on bone turnover markers uNTX/Cr, % change from baseline, medianBALP , % change from baseline, medianD1-38.6-4.7D7-63.01.7D14-55.30.2D28-69.2-0.2D56-57.9-12.1D84-33.4-0.4D1121.3-18.7 Ostalgia was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS). In the 60 mg single-dosing cohort, scores were reduced to 2 from 5 and 3 in two patients individually. No increasing in pain was observed in the remaining 8 patients. Conclusion These results suggested a potential therapeutic role for TK006 in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. Citation Format: Mei YY, Hai TJ, Wei L, Xiang H, Hao W, Ming ZX, An LX. Phase I trial to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand inhibitor (TK006) in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-18-03.

The effects of spontaneous fission on r-process nucleosynthesis are investigated in the hot wind r-process scenario. We perform network calculations using three sets of spontaneous fission rates to study how the abundance pattern is shaped when different sets of fissioning nuclei are encountered by the r-process nuclear flow. The relative contributions from spontaneous fission, neutron-induced fission, and β-delayed fission to the nucleosynthesis process are studied by calculating the corresponding fission flow. We show that the relative contributions of various fission channels in r-process nucleosynthesis depend on the astrophysical conditions and fission models used. By using the spontaneous fission rates from a modified Swiatecki’s formula with isospin and blocking effects, the spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission play an equally important role in r-process nucleosynthesis under an extreme neutron-rich astrophysical scenario with Y e = 0.1. The fissioning nuclei are located in different regions of the nuclear chart when different spontaneous fission models are used. The fission fragment distributions of fissioning nuclei in different regions have apparent diversity, which affects the mass regions where fission products are deposited, leading to the difference of the final abundance around the second r-process peak and rare-earth subpeak.

The mechanisms of the inhibitory action of β-pinene, a pine needle oil monoterpene, on human adenovirus type 3 were studied using cytopathic inhibition test, MTT test, atomic force and laser confocal microscopy. β-Pinene inhibited the viruses stronger that the reference antiviral medication ribavirin (p0.05). Inhibition of viral cytopathic effect (CPE) increased with increasing the concentration of β-pinene, which attested to direct elimination of adenovirus type 3. During viral reproduction phase, β-pinene significantly inhibited proliferation of adenovirus type 3. Typical signs of adenoviral CPE as cell swelling and rounding were less pronounced in comparison with the control (ribavirin treatment). In addition, elevation of β-pinene concentration significantly increased the cell survival rate (p0.05). Laser confocal microscopy showed that fluorescence intensity in the β-pinene group was significantly lower than in the control group (p0.01), which was consistent with the results of MTT test, thereby providing additional arguments that β-pinene affects the virus during the absorption phase. Thus, β-pinene directly inactivates adenovirus type 3 and impedes its invasion into the cells, but produces no protective effects on cells. Understanding the mode of action of such monoterpenes as β-pinene is of great importance for the development of new antiviral drugs.

Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from anxiety, depression and sleep disorders due to isolation treatment, among other reasons. Whether non-drug interventions can be alternative therapies for COVID-19 patients with anxiety, depression and sleep disorders is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the effects of non-drug interventions on anxiety, depression and sleep in patients with COVID-19 to provide guidance for clinical application.We searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from December 2019 to July 2020: China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase. Two investigators independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.A total of 5 articles with 768 subjects were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that non-drug interventions can reduce anxiety [SMD=-1.40, 95% CI (-1.62, -1.17), p0.00001] and depression [SMD=-1.22, 95% CI (-2.01, -0.43), p=0.002] scores in patients with COVID-19. Descriptive analysis indicated that non-drug interventions can improve the sleep status of COVID-19 patients. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the meta-analysis results were stable. Egger's test and Begg's test showed no publication bias.This meta-analysis found that non-drug interventions can reduce the anxiety and depression scores of patients with COVID-19. Due to the limitations of this study, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the findings, especially the effect of non-drug interventions on improving the sleep status of COVID-19 patients.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to profound changes in the organization of health care systems worldwide. Aims: We sought to measure the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes for mechanical thrombectomy, stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage hospitalizations over a three-month period at the height of the pandemic (1 March–31 May 2020) compared with two control three-month periods (immediately preceding and one year prior). Methods: Retrospective, observational, international study, across 6 continents, 40 countries, and 187 comprehensive stroke centers. The diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes and/or classifications in stroke databases at participating centers. Results: The hospitalization volumes for any stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and mechanical thrombectomy were 26,699, 4002, and 5191 in the three months immediately before versus 21,576, 3540, and 4533 during the first three pandemic months, representing declines of 19.2% (95%CI, −19.7 to −18.7), 11.5% (95%CI, −12.6 to −10.6), and 12.7% (95%CI, −13.6 to −11.8), respectively. The decreases were noted across centers with high, mid, and low COVID-19 hospitalization burden, and also across high, mid, and low volume stroke/mechanical thrombectomy centers. High-volume COVID-19 centers (−20.5%) had greater declines in mechanical thrombectomy volumes than mid- (−10.1%) and low-volume (−8.7%) centers (p < 0.0001). There was a 1.5% stroke rate across 54,366 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was noted in 3.9% (784/20,250) of all stroke admissions. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of overall stroke hospitalizations, mechanical thrombectomy procedures, and intracranial hemorrhage admission volumes. Despite geographic variations, these volume reductions were observed regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization burden and pre-pandemic stroke/mechanical thrombectomy volumes. © 2021 World Stroke Organization.

Objectives: To explore the medical human resource needs of Chinese health professionals duringthe COVID-19 pandemic and provide evidence-based support for the national medical workforce allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods: A mathematical model was established with two scenarios (under control and intermittent outbreak) for predicting the health professionals’ human resource needs The model inputs were based on the data obtained from the National Health Commission (NHC) of the PRCand the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Results: The medical workforce supply is 10 78 million during the COVID-19 pandemic in China Due to the decrease in the number of patients in outpatient and elective surgery, there are excess human resources in most clinical specialties The demand for professionals during the COVID-19 epidemic in under control and outbreak circumstances will be 8 00 million and 8 42 million, respectively Around 1 5–2 million of the workforce supply could be reallocating human resources to the shortage of specialties or services (for example, a massive screening program for COVID-19 in the community) Conclusions: The total number of health professionals is adequate during the COVID-19 pandemic (under control and intermittent outbreak) in China However, due to the massive screening program for COVID-19 in the community, the needs of professionals for extensive screening programs are increased, and the reallocation of human resources to specialties with shortages is needed

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to have crucial roles in cancer development. We investigated the involvement of miR-223-3p in neuroblastoma (NB).MiR-223-3p expression in NB cell lines and normal cell line was analyzed with real-time quantitative PCR method. Cell proliferation, cell invasion, and cell apoptosis were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis, Dual-Luciferase reporter assays, and Western blot analysis were conducted to identify the connection of miR-223-3p and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1).MiR-223-3p level was found highly expressed in NB cell lines compared with normal cell line. Knockdown miR-223-3p expression decreased cell growth and invasion but increased cell apoptosis. MiR-223-3p was able to bind with the 3'-untranslated region of FOXO1, and thereby resulting in a reduction of FOXO1 expression. The knockdown of FOXO1 increased the malignant capacity of NB cells.Therefore, given the fact that miR-223-3p suppressed FOXO1 expression to promote NB progression, targeting miR-223-3p may be an effective method for NB treatment.

To demonstrate the benefit and safety of conservative therapy for round ligament varicosities (RLVs) that are easily misdiagnosed as inguinal hernias. We retrospectively analyzed clinical materials of 41 consecutive cases of RLVs diagnosed by ultrasound in a single hospital from January 2011 to December 2015. Misdiagnosis rate, clinical and sonographic features, management after diagnosis and prognosis were recorded. All forty-one cases were pregnant females in their second or third trimester. Twenty-eight cases were first misdiagnosed as inguinal hernias (68.3%). Thirty cases presented as reducible swelling in the inguinal area (73.2%), and twenty-five of which were painful (61.0%). Four cases only felt pain in the inguinal area without swelling (9.7%). Seven cases had no obvious discomfort (17.1%). All cases were diagnosed as RLVs by gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography and justified a wait-and-see strategy. Thirty-seven cases were followed until total recovery after delivery (follow-up rate 90.2%). Swelling with or without pain disappeared spontaneously postpartum. RLVs are easily misdiagnosed as inguinal hernias and color Doppler of the inguinal area is the best examination for making the correct diagnosis. Conservative therapy for RLV is beneficial and safe when assured by color Doppler.

To explore the regulatory mechanism of micro-ribonucleic acid (miR)-122-3p in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mADSCs).The regulatory mechanism of miR-122-3p in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was investigated through its overexpression and knockdown.The overexpression of miR-122-3p inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of mADSCs. On the contrary, its knockdown promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mADSCs. The further study on the molecular mechanism of miR-122-3p regulating mADSCs' osteogenic differentiation showed that the overexpression of miR-122-3p could activate the Wingless and int-1 (WNT)/β-catenin signaling pathway, but the knockdown of miR-122-3p could repress this signaling pathway.MiR-122-3p influences the osteogenic differentiation of mADSCs by modulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Introduction To determine the frequency of undiagnosed OSA patients in patients received endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and to investigate the effect of OSA on the perioperative management in those patients. Methods 308 patients undergoing ESS from 2017-2019 were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether OSA was combined. STOP-Bang questionnaire scoring system was used to classify patients into high risk and low risk for OSA. The differences between perioperative management and complications between the two groups were compared. Results 308 consecutive cases were included, 46 cases (14.9%) combined with OSA and 108 cases (35.0%) were at high risk of OSA. OSA patients have higher morbidity of hypertension (OR, 2.05; CI, 1.07-3.92; P=0.03), hyperlipidemia (OR, 2.19; CI, 1.06- 4.51; P=0.03), longer hospitalization time(7.0±2.7 vs. 5.4±3.6, P≤0.01) and higher incidence of intubation difficulties (OR, 3.74; CI,1.39-10.1; P=0.01). Patients at high risk of OSA also had increased rates of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and post-operative cardiovascular and respiratory complications. Conclusion OSA or high scores of STOP-Bang are associated with increased perioperative complications in ESS patients. Preoperative OSA screening should be strengthened to improve the safety and prognosis of ESS surgery. Support National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant [number 81670903]; and Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Ascent Plan under Grant [number DFL20150602]

Ureteral stents have been widely used in kidney transplantation to prevent postoperative ureter-related complications such as ureteral stricture, ureteral obstruction, and ureteral leakage; however, a longer indwelling ureteral stent time corresponds to a greater risk of complications such as urinary tract infections. Currently, transplantation centers have not yet reached an agreement on the time to remove ureteral stents. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the optimal removal time for ureteral stents.This meta-analysis was designed to evaluate and discuss the optimal removal time for ureteral stents after kidney transplantation.We used key words to search PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and retrieve published articles. A total of 568 kidney transplantation patients from 5 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. We collected information regarding postoperative complications related to indwelling stents, such as ureteral stricture, ureteral obstruction, ureteral leakage, and urinary tract infection, and evaluated whether early removal of ureteral stents (≤7 days) was superior to late removal (≥14 days).A significant difference was observed in the incidence of urinary tract infection between the early removal group and the late removal group (risk ratio [RR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.32, 0.59], P .01). No significant between-group difference was observed in the incidence of major urological complications (MUCs) (RR = 1.87, 95% CI [0.45, 7.70], P.05).Early removal of ureteral stents of transplanted kidneys after kidney transplantation (≤7 days) did not significantly increase the incidence of postoperative MUCs (ureteral stricture, ureteral obstruction, and ureteral leakage) relative to late removal (≥14 days). Early removal may significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection relative to late removal.

Urban water system planning is the special planning of urban master planning, and focuses on ensuring flood control and ecological security. Therefore, it is based on water conservancy disciplines, ignoring its coupling with urban planning and territorial spatial planning to some extent. The composition, structure, distribution pattern, scale and other factors of urban water system affect its security, ecological and landscape functions, and its spatial layout is extremely important. Paper analyses the layout of water system, chooses the landscape accessibility of water system space as the research object, establishes the model and analysis framework, takes the different scale cities as the research scope, chooses three water system planning of Xixian New Area as the case, concretely analyses and demonstrates the spatial accessibility of water system planning, and holds that water system and urban safety should be guaranteed at the macro level, and scientific water system planning should be hold at the medium level, and landscape design is in micro-level. The accessibility of water system landscape is an important aspect of water system planning, which provides scientific basis for rational layout and planning design, creating a good urban space environment.