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The problem of space exploration is a priority in the development of any large state, because it solves the problems of future technological progress. Obviously, such development is not possible without a stable energy source directly in outer space. Materials of this work are devoted to a conceptual study of the possibility of building a stationary nuclear power plant (NPP) on the Moon. A review of open sources of information on the availability of already existing or under development nuclear power plants capable of operating in the “Lunar environment,” as well as meeting the requirements of safe operation and future utilization, selected specific models of heavy and superheavy-class carrier rockets (existing and conceptual) with the ability to transport payloads of 10 tons or more to the Moon. Based on the analysis of data on reactor plants and information on operating and construction conditions on the Moon, a conceptual solution of “reusable” enclosing structure of stationary NPP on the Moon, which serves as protection from falling space bodies, radiation and solar radiation, is formed. The main principal concepts of the stages of construction, operation and utilization of a stationary NPP on the Moon are presented. The problems of creation, development and utilization of stationary sources of nuclear energy in the absence of atmosphere (space), existing at the moment and requiring investigation during the nearest decade, are shown.

The article deals with the selection of sites for the construction of nuclear installations, radioactive waste disposal sites and other facilities for the use of nuclear energy. The review of modern approaches to the selection of sites for placement of near-surface radioactive waste disposal points shows that the system research in this area is not fully presented, and is mainly aimed at solving problems of an engineering-geological nature for the location area, as well as the choice of materials for engineering protection barriers. In this paper, using the example of radioactive waste disposal sites, we review the requirements set by the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and the International Atomic Energy Agency in the field of site selection. The authors proposed additions to the methodology for selecting sites for the construction of low-and medium-level waste disposal sites based on the system and GIS analysis of the ALARA principles, as well as the method of weighted evaluation of criteria and their pairwise comparisons. The multi-criteria nature of the site selection problem is proposed to be described by GIS analysis of data with drawing the corresponding limiting and preferred requirements directly on the map of the area, which is shown in the article by the example of selecting sites for radioactive waste disposal points. Taking into account the necessary requirements at various stages of the life cycle, as well as their significance, can be assessed by weighted estimates and pairwise comparisons, followed by their introduction into the GIS analysis. This approach allows to choose rational options for placing potential sites, taking into account the life cycle of the object, in a rational way, with compliance with all necessary regulatory requirements.