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Multi-photon entangled states such as `N00N states' have attracted a lot of attention because of their possible application in high-precision phase measurements. So far, N00N states have been generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources and by mixing quantum and classical light on a beam splitter. However, single-photon on demand sources promise to be more efficient and scalable than down-conversion sources which are probabilistic in nature. Here, we demonstrate super-resolving phase measurements based on two-photon N00N states generated by a quantum dot single-photon source utilizing the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect on a beam splitter. The quantum dot was excited through a two-photon resonant excitation scheme. Using a $\pi$-pulse, this results in the deterministic generation of indistinguishable single photons from both, the biexciton and exciton radiative recombination processes. Launching either type of the photons into both inputs of an interferometer, phase super-resolution, i.e. an interference fringe spacing with doubled rate relative to the single photon rate has been observed for both transitions. Interference visibilities of $V_{N=2,\mathit{XX}}=0.54\pm0.01$ for the biexciton and $V_{N=2,\mathit{X}}=0.46\pm0.02$ for the exciton transition have been obtained, respectively.

Introduction: The Kalangos Biodegradable Tricuspid Ring (Kalangos Biodegradable Tricuspid Ring®, Bioring SA, Lonay, Switzerland) is a biodegradable prothesis in the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical and echocardiographic results of this prosthesis for moderate and severe FTR treatment and compare this technique with the results of semicircular DeVega annuloplasty. Materials and methods: From January 2005 through January 2010 we retrospectively studied the data on 64 consecutive patients underwent annuloplasty procedures for FTR treatment. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: (1) Kalangos BTR annuloplasty was performed in 32 patients, and (2) Semicircular DeVega annuloplasty was performed in the 32 patients. All patients were evaluated clinically and by echocardiography preoperatively, at the end of the 1st week, 3rd and 6th month following surgery. Results: No complications related to the prosthesis or the procedures within the follow-up period were recorded. At the follow-up period, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and tricuspid valve area diameter were found to be significantly lower than the preoperative values in both groups (p < 0.0001). At the follow-up period residual tricuspid regurgitation and the Tei index (Myocardial performance index) was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (p < 0.05). Three-quarters of the annuloplasty ring had degraded in the postoperative 6-months period. Discussion: We conclude that Kalangos BTR is an efficient and safe prosthesis with easy implantation technique for FTR treatment, with encouraging midterm results. © 2015, E-Century Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction: The Kalangos Biodegradable Tricuspid Ring (Kalangos Biodegradable Tricuspid Ring®, Bioring SA, Lonay, Switzerland) is a biodegradable prothesis in the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical and echocardiographic results of this prosthesis for moderate and severe FTR treatment and compare this technique with the results of semicircular DeVega annuloplasty. Materials and methods: From January 2005 through January 2010 we retrospectively studied the data on 64 consecutive patients underwent annuloplasty procedures for FTR treatment. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: (1) Kalangos BTR annuloplasty was performed in 32 patients, and (2) Semicircular DeVega annuloplasty was performed in the 32 patients. All patients were evaluated clinically and by echocardiography preoperatively, at the end of the 1st week, 3rd and 6th month following surgery. Results: No complications related to the prosthesis or the procedures within the follow-up period were recorded. At the follow-up period, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and tricuspid valve area diameter were found to be significantly lower than the preoperative values in both groups (p < 0.0001). At the follow-up period residual tricuspid regurgitation and the Tei index (Myocardial performance index) was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (p < 0.05). Three-quarters of the annuloplasty ring had degraded in the postoperative 6-months period. Discussion: We conclude that Kalangos BTR is an efficient and safe prosthesis with easy implantation technique for FTR treatment, with encouraging midterm results. © 2015, E-Century Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction: The Kalangos Biodegradable Tricuspid Ring (Kalangos Biodegradable Tricuspid Ring (R), Bioring SA, Lonay, Switzerland) is a biodegradable prothesis in the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical and echocardiographic results of this prosthesis for moderate and severe FTR treatment and compare this technique with the results of semicircular DeVega annuloplasty. Materials and methods: From January 2005 through January 2010 we retrospectively studied the data on 64 consecutive patients underwent annuloplasty procedures for FTR treatment. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: (1) Kalangos BTR annuloplasty was performed in 32 patients, and (2) Semicircular DeVega annuloplasty was performed in the 32 patients. All patients were evaluated clinically and by echocardiography preoperatively, at the end of the 1st week, 3rd and 6th month following surgery. Results: No complications related to the prosthesis or the procedures within the follow-up period were recorded. At the follow-up period, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and tricuspid valve area diameter were found to be significantly lower than the preoperative values in both groups (p < 0.0001). At the follow-up period residual tricuspid regurgitation and the Tei index (Myocardial performance index) was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (p < 0.05). Three-quarters of the annuloplasty ring had degraded in the postoperative 6-months period. Discussion: We conclude that Kalangos BTR is an efficient and safe prosthesis with easy implantation technique for FTR treatment, with encouraging midterm results.

Objective: The study was planned to determine the most appropriate head elevation for the stroke patients by finding the changes in the cerebral blood flow via Transcranial Doppler instrument (TCD). Material and Method: The data of the study was collected through the estimation via TCD instrument. Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) blood flow velocity was estimated at head elevation degrees of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60. During the suction, the estimation was made 2 times as one at 15 degree and the other at 30 degree. For Leveene analysis,t-test,Mann Whitney U test,Wilcoxson Sign Ranks test have been used. Results: It has been realized that the more the head elevation is, the less the MCA blood flow velocity occurs in control and case groups. When the sub-group analysis is made, it has been detected that the increase of the head elevation and so the decrease in the cerebral blood flow velocity are not expressive from the type of the stroke. Even though the MCA blood flow velocity is higher at the side with lesion, this situation is not considered as important statistically. During the tracheal suction, the blood flow velocity decreased at lesion-side. Conclusion: After the evaluation of the patients' general state in line with the study results, it has been advised to lay down the patient with head elevation lower than 30 degree so as to increase the cerebral blood flow velocity.

BACKGROUND: Zinc is one of the most important elements for human body. Zinc deficiency can occur in any age, if it is seen in elderly its clinical results can be more harmful due to already diminished functions. Some studies showed zinc deficiency has an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. In this study we measured the nail zinc levels and aimed to show its clinical implications in geriatric patients, especially Alzheimer disease.

Key words Cutaneous leishmaniasis, pentavalent antimonials, copper, zinc, iron.

WOS: 000293594100004, In this study, paramagnetic centers over the cytosine were formed by photolysis then these centers were investigated using EPR method. EPR signals were not recorded from non-irradiated the cytosine, but irradiated polycrystalline exhibited complex EPR spectra. For obtaining of cytosine polycrystalline, novel crystallization method was performed on powder cytosine. Effective crystallization conditions were achieved by adjustment of the concentration of the metal ions, chemical solutions, NaCl, KCl, glacial asetic acid, nitric oxide, percloric acid, glutamic acid, and pH of buffer. Cytosine (C4H5N2O) polycrystalline obtained were irradiated with Co-60 - rays at room temperature for 24 and 72 h. At the sample irradiated for 72 h, the paramagnetic centers were determined between 120 and 450 K by X-band EPR spectrometer. The spectra were found to be dependent slightly on temperature. Two cation radicals were determined in the structure and these were called Radicals I and II. The g and hyperfine constants were found to be a(H2a) = 61 G, a(N2) = 9.39 G, a(N1) = 7.15 G, and g(1) = 2.0026 for the Radical I; a(H3) = 10.57 G, a(H1) = 3 G, a(N3) = 6.72 G, a(N1) = 5.36 G for, and g(2) = 2.0034 the Radical II. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Scientific Research Projects Coordination Center of Selcuk University, Konya/Turkey, This study was partially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Center of Selcuk University, Konya/Turkey.

The effects on chemical and physical quality of the addition of beef fat with hazelnut oil were studied in sucuk. Two sucuk formulations were prepared by the addition of 2.5 and 5% hazelnut addition in which 11.11 and 20% of beef fat was substituted with hazelnut oil. The addition of hazelnut oil increased total fat of the product that affected the chemical, physical and sensorial characteristics of products. Added hazelnut oil decreased protein content but increased free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values. The formulation with 2.5% hazelnut oil, corresponding to 11.11% substitution of beef fat with hazelnut oil, was judged as similar to control.

A noticeable effect of sulfite treatment was observed on the plasma ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity of rats with normal sulfite oxidase activity when compared to normal controls. The plasma levels of selenium, iron, and zinc were unaffected by sulfite in normal and sulfite oxidase (SOX)-deficient rats. While plasma level of Mn was decreasing, plasma Cu level increased in SOX-deficient rats. Treating SOX-deficient groups with sulfite did not alter plasma level of Mn but made plasma level of Cu back to its normal level. This is the first evidence that Cu and Mn status were affected in experimental sulfite oxidase deficiency induced by low molybdenum diet with tungsten addition deserving further research to determine the underlying mechanisms of these observations in experimental sulfite oxidase deficiency.

A noticeable effect of sulfite treatment was observed on the plasma ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity of rats with normal sulfite oxidase activity when compared to normal controls. The plasma levels of selenium, iron, and zinc were unaffected by sulfite in normal and sulfite oxidase (SOX)-deficient rats. While plasma level of Mn was decreasing, plasma Cu level increased in SOX-deficient rats. Treating SOX-deficient groups with sulfite did not alter plasma level of Mn but made plasma level of Cu back to its normal level. This is the first evidence that Cu and Mn status were affected in experimental sulfite oxidase deficiency induced by low molybdenum diet with tungsten addition deserving further research to determine the underlying mechanisms of these observations in experimental sulfite oxidase deficiency.

Aim. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of non-enzymatic antioxidant and total antioxidant capacity after two acute supramaximal exercise (normoxic conditions and at high altitude).

Traumatic aortic valve regurgitation is a rare complication of non penetrating blunt chest trauma which usually requires surgical management. We describe a case of a 21 year old man with blunt chest trauma who was diagnosed with aortic valve regurgitation due to rupture of the right coronary cusp one month after falling from a high place. Rupture of aortic valve cusp was treated successfully with aortic valve replacement.

The aim of this study is to determinate the distortion tendencies which were formed by various welding sequences (WS) in the welded lattice beams. Distortion tendencies in the beams were determined by means of distortion forces. Distortion forces created by different applications of WS in the lattice beam were transferred to data-logger and then to a personal computer. The relationship between WS and distortion forces was analyzed. Effects of three different combinations of WS on distortion forces in the lattice beam were determined. It was found that minimum distortion tendencies were observed for WS includes homogenous heat gradient and welding joint points arranged far from to each other on the lattice beam.

Antiepileptic drugs could cause changes in the trace element status of the body. Valproic acid (VPA) is a very effective anticonvulsant agent widely used in the management of various forms of epilepsy. Nail trace element content is a reliable index of trace element nutritional status of the body. To determine whether some of the side effects of antiepileptic drugs could be the result of zinc (Zn) depletion within tissues, Zn concentrations as well as copper (Cu) concentrations in nail and serum in 59 children having various types of epilepsy receiving valproate and 31 controls were assessed. Although serum Zn level in epileptic patients was found to be decreased, there was no difference in nail samples when compared to controls. There was a statistically significant increase in nail Cu level in epileptic patients when compared to controls. On the other hand, serum Cu levels were not different between the groups. Although none of our patients showed any symptoms of Cu elevation and Zn depletion, we should pay attention to potential body trace element changes in patients with epilepsy under VPA treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that serum trace metal homeostasis might be affected by VPA therapy, but not by the convulsive disorder itself.

The present investigation was designed to determine the protective effects of melatonin against bleomycin (BLM)-induced oxidant lung toxicity. Wistar-albino rats were divided into four groups: saline (SA, 0.4 mL/animal), 1% ethanol-saline (ALC, 0.4 mL/animal), bleomycin sulphate (BLM, 10 mg/kg), or bleomycin sulphate + melatonin (BLM, 10 mg/kg + MLT, 10 mg/kg). All injections were given intraperitoneally (i.p.), twice weekly for a period of 3 wk (a total of seven injections for each group). Twenty-five days after BLM treatment, pulmonary fibrosis was assessed as hydroxyproline content in lung homogenates. Findings show that BLM-induced pulmonary injury resulted in increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) biomarkers including total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Additionally, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation (LPO), were also increased in BALF. Conversely, the level of glutathione (GSH) was reduced in BALF of BLM-treated rats. Melatonin provided protection against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress. It abolished BLM-stimulated LPO and reversed the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the BALFs. Results thus indicate that melatonin inhibits BLM-induced lung toxicity associated with oxidative damage.

The effects of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) infections on total content of the essential trace elements and alterations of these elements content during antimonial therapy, serum iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), were determined in 40 patients with CL. 32 healthy subjects were selected as control group. Pentavalent antimonial compounds (Glucantime) were given intramuscularly (20 mg/kg/day) for three weeks in patients group. Serum Cu and Zn levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and Fe levels were determined by colorimetrically. Before antimonial therapy; Cu levels were found significantly higher. However, Zn and Fe levels were found significantly lower in the patients group than those of controls. Cu levels were found tended to decrease, while Zn and Fe levels tended to increase during antimonial therapy. There was a negative correlation between serum Cu and Zn levels in CL patients (r = -0.322, p0.05). The findings showed that CL affects the essential trace element content and these changes began to disappear during antimonial therapy.

Marasmus is a type of protein energy malnutrition and results from energy deficiency. Clinical features of marasmus are well-known, but its pathophysiology is still unclear. Since trace element deficiency and increased oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of protein energy malnutrition, plasma selenium, copper, and zinc levels were studied in 36 marasmic and 24 well-nourished children. Plasma selenium, copper, and zinc levels of marasmic children were found significantly lower than those of control children (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively). We concluded serum trace elements deficiency and increased oxidative stress may be contributing factors to the pathophysiology of marasmus and the replacement of these elements in the management of marasmus is important.