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8. Distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in fish species from the Baltic Sea and freshwaters in Finland

Author

Kumar, Eva, primary, Koponen, Jani, additional, Rantakokko, Panu, additional, Airaksinen, Riikka, additional, Ruokojärvi, Päivi, additional, Kiviranta, Hannu, additional, Vuorinen, Pekka J., additional, Myllylä, Timo, additional, Keinänen, Marja, additional, Raitaniemi, Jari, additional, Mannio, Jaakko, additional, Junttila, Ville, additional, Nieminen, Janne, additional, Venäläinen, Eija-Riitta, additional, and Jestoi, Marika, additional

Published
2022
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14. Coupling stable isotopes with bioenergetics to evaluate sources of variation in organochlorine concentrations in Baltic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author

Kiljunen, Mikko, Peltonen, Heikki, Jones, Roger I., Kiviranta, Hannu, Vuorinen, Pekka J., Verta, Matti, and Karjalainen, Juha

Subjects
Baltic Sea -- Environmental aspects, Bioenergetics -- Evaluation, Energy metabolism -- Evaluation, Organochlorine compounds -- Health aspects, Atlantic salmon -- Health aspects, Earth sciences
Abstract

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) collected from three locations around the northern Baltic Sea in 2003-2004 showed large spatial and individual variation in their organochlorines (OCs) (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans and polychlorinated biphenyls). This variation could be explained only partly by their size or sea age. The variability arose from the differences in salmon diet, trophic position, and prey OC concentrations and lipid content. A salmon bioenergetics accumulation model was used to evaluate the contribution of salmon growth and their diet to the observed individual variation in OC content. Our model revealed that the contribution of three main prey species in the OC accumulation of salmon varied markedly between the study areas. Amount of lipids in salmon explained a large proportion of their OC concentration. However, trophic position of salmon calculated from the [delta][sup.15]N values explained almost 80% of the variation in lipid-normalized OC concentrations. In the Gulf of Finland, where OC concentrations of salmon were highest, their prey species had the highest OC concentrations and trophic positions. Higher OC concentrations in the Gulf of Finland might be related to elevated trophic positions caused by invasion of the predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi in 1990. Des saumons (Salmo salar) recoltes a trois sites autour du nord de la Baltique en 2003-2004 affichent d'importantes variations spatiales et individuelles de leurs concentrations de composes organochlores (OC; dibenzo-p-dioxines polychlorees et furanes et biphenyles polychlores). La taille des poissons et le temps passe en mer n'expliquent que partiellement cette variation. La variabilite provient de differences dans le regime alimentaire et la position trophique des saumons, de meme que des concentrations d'OC et de lipides de leurs proies. Un modele bioenergetique d'accumulation chez le saumon a servi a evaluer la contribution de la croissance et du regime alimentaire des saumons a la variation individuelle d'OC observee. Notre modele revele que les contributions des trois especes principales de proies a l'accumulation d'OC chez les saumons varient considerablement d'une zone d'etude a l'autre. La quantite de lipides chez les saumons explique une proportion importante de leur concentration d'OC. Cependant, la position trophique des saumons calculee d'apres les valeurs de [delta][sup.15]N explique presque 80 % de la variation des concentrations normalisees d'OC dans les lipides. Dans le golfe de Finlande ou les concentrations d'OC chez les saumons sont les plus grandes, les especes de proies possedent les concentrations d'OC les plus fortes et occupent la position trophique la plus elevee. Les concentrations plus eleve es d'OC dans le golfe de Finlande peuvent etre relies a des positions trophiques superieures resultant de l'invasion du cladocere predateur Cercopagis pengoi en 1990. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Baltic Sea fish, in general, possess very high concentrations of organochlorine compounds (OCs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in [...]

Published
2008

15. Biological indications of contaminant exposure in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea

Author

Schnell, Sabine, Schiedek, Doris, Schneider, Rolf, Balk, Lennart, Vuorinen, Pekka J., Karvinen, Heta, and Lang, Thomas

Subjects
Baltic Sea -- Environmental aspects, Codfish -- Health aspects, Codfish -- Environmental aspects, Biological markers -- Evaluation, Marine pollution -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Earth sciences
Abstract

Abstract: The Baltic Sea is exposed to severe human impacts. Besides eutrophication and overfishing, a variety of chemical contaminants threaten the health of fish. During a cruise in December 2001, [...]

Published
2008

16. Human dietary intake of organochlorines from Baltic herring: implications of individual fish variability and fisheries management

Author

Kiljunen, Mikko, Vanhatalo, Mari, Mantyniemi, Samu, Peltonen, Heikki, Kuikka, Sakari, Kiviranta, Hannu, Jones, Roger I., Karjalalnen, Juha, Parmanne, Raimo, Tuomisto, Jouni T., Vuorinen, Pekka J., Hallikainen, Anja, Verta, Mattl, and Ponni, Jukka

Subjects
Baltic Sea -- Environmental aspects, Organochlorine compounds -- Health aspects, Marine pollution -- Research, Environmental issues
Abstract

The impact of the individual fish variability and fisheries management on the extent of the human dietary intake of organochlorines from the Northern Baltic herring was studied. The analysis suggests that regulating the consumption of herring is more effective in the risk management of such organochlorines, as compared to the regulation of fishing.

Published
2007

17. Estimation of annual mortality rates caused by early mortality syndromes (EMS) and their impact on salmonid stock-recruit relationships

Author

Michielsens, Catherine G.J., Mantyniemi, Samu, and Vuorinen, Pekka J.

Subjects
Mortality -- Canada, Mortality -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, we demonstrate how information from broodstocks can be combined with lab information on alevins to obtain annual stock-specific mortality estimates from early mortality syndromes (EMS) using [...]

Published
2006

19. High Lipid Content of Prey Fish and n − 3 PUFA Peroxidation Impair the Thiamine Status of Feeding-Migrating Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Is Reflected in Hepatic Biochemical Indices.

Author

Keinänen, Marja, Nikonen, Soili, Käkelä, Reijo, Ritvanen, Tiina, Rokka, Mervi, Myllylä, Timo, Pönni, Jukka, and Vuorinen, Pekka J.

Subjects
FORAGE fishes, VITAMIN B1, ATLANTIC salmon, LIPID metabolism, OMEGA-3 fatty acids, ATLANTIC herring, UNSATURATED fatty acids, FISH oils
Abstract

Signs of impaired thiamine (vitamin B1) status in feeding-migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were studied in three Baltic Sea areas, which differ in the proportion and nutritional composition of prey fish sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus). The concentration of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs) increased in salmon with dietary lipids and n−3 PUFAs, and the hepatic peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased exponentially with increasing n−3 PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n−3) concentration, whereas hepatic total thiamine concentration, a sensitive indicator of thiamine status, decreased with the increase in both body lipid and n−3 PUFA or DHA concentration. The hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was suppressed by high dietary lipids. In salmon muscle and in prey fish, the proportion of thiamine pyrophosphate increased, and that of free thiamine decreased, with increasing body lipid content or PUFAs, or merely DHA. The thiamine status of salmon was impaired mainly due to the peroxidation of n−3 PUFAs, whereas lipids as a source of metabolic energy had less effect. Organochlorines or general oxidative stress did not affect the thiamine status. The amount of lipids, and, specifically, their long-chain n−3 PUFAs, are thus responsible for generating thiamine deficiency, and not a prey fish species per se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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34. Developmental disturbances in early life stage mortality (M74) of Baltic salmon fry as studied by changes in gene expression

Author

Vuorinen Pekka J, Afanasyev Sergey, Koivumäki Paula, Krasnov Aleksei, Koskinen Heikki, Vuori Kristiina AM, and Nikinmaa Mikko

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background We have studied alterations of gene expression associated with naturally-occurring early life stage mortality (M74) in Baltic salmon using a cDNA microarray and real time PCR. M74-affected fry have several typical neurological, cardiovascular and pathological symptoms. They are also characterized by low thiamine content and show signs of oxidative stress. Results Affected fry can be divided into three major groups with early, intermediate or late onset of mortality. If mortality starts during the first third of the yolk-sac stage, virtually all the responses are compatible with stress, which rapidly leads to the common terminal responses. If death occurs during the second third of the yolk sac stage, the terminal stage is preceded by a decrease in globin gene expression, which leads to internal hypoxia when the animals grow and shift from skin- to gill-breathing. Fry will eventually proceed to the terminal responses. The group developing M74 most slowly appears to compensate for reduced oxygen delivery by downregulation of metabolism, and hence some fry can escape death. Conclusion Our study is the first demonstration of diverse transcriptional responses to a naturally-occurring developmental disturbance. Since many of the genes differentially expressed in M74-fry are evolutionarily conserved, the M74 of Baltic salmon can serve as a model for developmental disturbances and environmental stress responses in vertebrates in general.

Published
2006
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37. Oxygen and carbon isoscapes for the Baltic Sea

Author

University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Torniainen, Jyrki, Lensu, Anssi, Vuorinen, Pekka J., Sonninen, Eloni, Keinänen, Marja, Jones, Roger I., Patterson, William P., Kiljunen, Mikko, University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Torniainen, Jyrki, Lensu, Anssi, Vuorinen, Pekka J., Sonninen, Eloni, Keinänen, Marja, Jones, Roger I., Patterson, William P., and Kiljunen, Mikko

Published
2017

38. Fatty acid composition of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea as potential prey for salmon (Salmo salar)

Author

University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, Keinanen, Marja, Kakela, Reijo, Ritvanen, Tiina, Myllyla, Timo, Ponni, Jukka, Vuorinen, Pekka J., University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, Keinanen, Marja, Kakela, Reijo, Ritvanen, Tiina, Myllyla, Timo, Ponni, Jukka, and Vuorinen, Pekka J.

Abstract

Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and small herring (Clupea harengus) are the dominant prey fish of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic Sea. If the fatty acid (FA) proportions of sprat and herring differ, the dietary history of ascending salmon could be determined from their FA profiles. Therefore, we investigated the FA composition of several age groups of whole sprat and small herring, caught from the three main feeding areas of salmon in autumn and spring. Oleic acid (18: 1n-9) was the most prevalent FA in sprat and characteristic of this species. In herring, palmitic acid (16: 0) was the most common FA, but herring lipid was characterized by n-6 polyunsaturated FAs, and moreover, by palmitoleic acid (16: 1n-7) and vaccenic acid (18: 1n-7). Due to the higher lipid content of sprat, the concentrations of all other FAs, excluding these, were higher in sprat than in herring. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6n-3) increased with an increase in the lipid content and was consequently highest in the youngest specimens, being in young sprat almost double that of young herring, and 2.6 times higher in the sprat biomass than in that of herring. As a result of a decrease in the DHA concentration with age, the ratio thiamine/DHA increased with respect to age in both species, and was lower in sprat than in herring. It is concluded that an abundance of DHA in the diet of salmon most likely increases oxidative stress because of the susceptibility of DHA to peroxidation, and thus decreases thiamine resources of fasting, prespawning salmon. Because the FA composition of sprat and herring differs, and the relative abundancies of prey fish differ between the feeding areas of salmon, the feeding area of ascending salmon can most probably be derived by comparing their FA profiles.

Published
2017

42. Itämeren silakka ravintona – Hyöty-haitta -analyysi

Author

Tuomisto, Jouni T., Niittynen, Marjo, Turunen, Anu, Ung-Lanki, Sari, Kiviranta, Hannu, Harjunpää, Hannu, Vuorinen, Pekka J., Rokka, Mervi, Ritvanen, Tiina, and Hallikainen, Anja

Subjects
Itämeren silakka, dioksiinit, saanti, DALY, rasvahapot, dioksiinin kaltaiset PCB-yhdisteet, D-vitamiini, hyöty-haitta-analyysi
Abstract

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli selvittää, onko silakansyönnistä enemmän terveyshyötyä kuin -haittaa Suomessa ja millainen tilanne on eri ikäryhmissä. Aiemmat hyöty-riskiarviot ovat osoittaneet, että kalansyönti on yleensä terveellisempää kuin sen syömättä jättäminen. Tämä johtuu erityisesti kalan terveellisistä omega-3-rasvahapoista. Kuitenkin iso osa hyödyistä tulee aikuisille, joilla on suurentunut sydäntautiriski, ja osa mahdollisista haitoista tulee lapsille hammasvaurioiden ja muiden kehityshäiriöiden riskinä. Eviran toimeksiantona, yhteistyössä THL:n kanssa on vuoden 2014 aikana tehty hyöty-haitta-analyysi, jossa on tarkasteltu nimenomaan eri ikäryhmiä erikseen nykyisen kalankäytön mukaan. Tulokset perustuvat Taloustutkimuksen tekemän kyselyn aineistoon vuodelta 2013, jonka pohjalta on tehty varsinainen terveysvaikutusten tarkastelu. Tulokset ilmaistiin käyttäen haittapainotettuja elinvuosia (Disability Adjusted Life Year DALY) eli yksi DALY vastaa yhtä menetettyä tervettä elinvuotta. Hyödyllisistä ravintoaineista raportissa tarkasteltiin omega-3-rasvahappoja, eikosapentaeenihappoa (EPA) ja dokosaheksaeenihappoa (DHA) sekä D-vitamiinia. Silakassa esiintyvistä terveydelle haitallisista ympäristömyrkyistä tarkasteltiin dioksiineihin luettavia yhdisteitä, joihin kuuluvat polyklooratut dibentso-p-dioksiinit ja polyklooratut furaanit sekä dioksiininkaltaiset polyklooratut bifenyylit (PCB:t). Tulosten mukaan silakansyönti aiheuttaa Suomessa noin 11 (95 % luottamusväli LV 0 – 54) DALY kehityshäiriöistä (hammasvaurio) johtuvaa haittapainotettua elinvuotta (DALY), jotka kaikki kohdistuvat lapsiin äidin välityksellä raskausajan ja imetyksen kautta. Lisäksi silakansyönti aiheuttaa noin 12 (95 % LV 1.7 – 56) DALY dioksiinien aiheuttaman syöpäriskin kautta koko väestössä. Yli 50-vuotiailla naisilla ja varsinkin miehillä silakansyönnin terveyshyödyt ovat selkeästi suuremmat kuin terveyshaitat. Suurimmat terveyshyödyt saadaan sydäntautia ja sydänkuolleisuutta vähentävästä vaikutuksesta, noin -688 (95 % LV -2126 – -41) DALY/vuosi. Tulosten mukaan silakan syönti on vähentynyt väestössä niin paljon, että nykyiset suomalaiset kalan yleiset syöntisuositukset ovat riittävät suojaamaan väestöä dioksiinien ja dioksiinien kaltaisten yhdisteiden aiheuttamilta terveyshaitoilta. Hyöty-haitta-analyysissä tulisi kuitenkin tulevaisuudessa arvioida myös muiden rasvaisten kalojen keräämien ympäristömyrkkyjen kumulatiivisia terveysvaikutuksia ja yleisten syöntisuositusten riittävyyttä. Syftet med denna undersökning var att utreda om konsumtion av strömming från Östersjön ger mer hälsofördelar än hälsoskador i Finland och hurdant läget i olika ålderskategorier är. Tidigare nytta/riskvärderingar har visat att det i allmänhet är hälsosammare att äta fisk än att låta bli att göra det. Det beror särskilt på de hälsosamma omega-3-fettsyrorna i fisken. En stor del av fördelarna tillkommer ändå vuxna personer med förhöjd risk för hjärtsjukdomar och en stor del av skadorna tillkommer barn i form av risk för skador på tänderna och andra utvecklingsstörningar. På uppdrag från Evira och i samarbete med THL har under året 2014 gjorts en nytta/riskanalys, där man uttryckligen granskat olika ålderskategorier skilt för sig i ljuset av den nuvarande konsumtionen av strömming. Resultaten bygger på ett enkätmaterial som Taloustutkimus inhämtat år 2013. Utgående från detta material har sedan den egentliga granskningen av hälsoeffekterna gjorts. Resultaten angavs i form av funktionsjusterade levnadsår (Disability Adjusted Life Year DALY). För de nyttiga näringsämnenas del granskades i rapporten omega-3-fettsyrorna eikosapentaensyra (EPA) och dokosahexaensyra (DHA) och vitamin D. Av de hälsovådliga miljögifterna som förekommer i strömming granskades dioxiner, polyklorerade dibenzo-p-dioxinerna och plyklorerade dibenzofuranerna jämte dioxinliknande polyklorerade bifenylerna (PCB). Resultaten visar att konsumtion av strömming i Finland orsakar cirka 11 (95 % förtroende intervall , FI 0-54) funktionsjusterade levnadsår (DALY) som beror på utvecklingsstörningar (tandskada) och som alla via modern drabbar barn under graviditeten och amningen. Konsumtion av strömming medför också cirka 12 (95 %, FI 1,7-56) DALY via den cancerrisk som dioxinerna orsakar i hela befolkningen. Hos över 50 åriga kvinnor och framförallt män är fördelarna av att äta strömming klart större än hälsoskadorna. De största hälsofördelarna kommer av att risken för hjärtsjukdomar och dödligheten i hjärtsjukdomar minskar, cirka -688 (95 %, FI -2126 -41) DALY/år. Enligt resultaten konsumtion av strömming I Finland har sjunkit till en så låg nivå , att de nuvarande allmänna rekommenderade intagen av fisk konsumtion är tillräckliga för att skydda befolkningen mot hälsoskador av dioxiner eller dioxinlika föreningar. I risk-nytta-analys i framtiden bör ändå utvärderas totala hälsoeffekter av olika miljögifter i andra feta fiskarter ock kolla lämpligheten av rekommendationer av fisk konsumtion. The objective of this study was to determine whether the benefits of eating Baltic Sea herring exceed the risks in Finland, and what the situation is in different age groups. Previous risk-benefit analyses have shown that eating fish is in general healthier than not eating fish. This is particularly due to the healthy omega 3 fatty acids of fish. However, the benefits are largely enjoyed by adults with an elevated risk of heart disease, while children suffer the majority of the risks in the form of dental problems and other developmental disorders. In the riskbenefit analysis carried out to the order of Evira in collaboration with THL during 2014, different age groups were specifically considered separately in the light of current fish consumption. The results are based on the survey of the consumption of Baltic herring conducted by Taloustutkimus in 2013, which was used as the basis for the actual analysis of health effects. The results were expressed as Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY). Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as vitamin D were analysed in the report as beneficial nutrients. As far as environmental toxins harmful to health are concerned, Baltic herring were analysed for compounds classified as dioxins, which include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, as well dioxin-like biphenyls (PCB). According to the results, in Finland eating herring causes ca. 11 (95% confidence interval, CI 0-54) Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) resulting from developmental disorders (dental damage); these affect children via the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In addition, eating herring causes a ca. 12 (95%, CI 1,7-56) DALY cancer risk due to dioxins in the entire population. The health benefits of eating herring clearly exceed risks to health for women and particularly men after the age of 50 years. The greatest health benefits result from the reduction in heart disease and heart-related fatality, ca. –688 (95%, CI -2126 -41) DALY/year. The results show that the consumption of Baltic herring has decreased in Finland to a low level and that the current common dietary advices on fish consumption are adequate to protect the population against the adverse health effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. However, in risk benefit analysis in future it is important to estimate the total health effects of different environmental pollutants and of other fatty fish, and the sufficiency of dietary advices on fish consumption.

Published
2015

47. Ecosystem services provided by the Baltic salmon: a regional perspective to the socio-economic benefits associated with a keystone species

Author

Kulmala, Soile, Haapasaari, Päivi Elisabet, Karjalainen, Timo P., Kuikka, Sakari, Pakarinen, Tapani, Parkkila, Katja, Romakkaniemi, Atso, and Vuorinen, Pekka J.

Abstract

Key Message: Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is one of the keystone migratory species in the Baltic Sea.In the pastsalmon played a centralrole in the economyand culture of the region. However, salmon population collapsed becauseoflogging, dams for hydropower production, pollution and overfishing. Todaysalmon is still of great cultural importanceasshownfor exampleby estimates of public spending forhabitat restorationandWTP by angler.Estimates suggest that the cultural services of salmon are greater than the economic value of commercial salmon landingswith a net present value rangingfrom 6 million EUR to 25 million EUR (ie 0.9-3.6 million EUR / year) in Denmark, Finland, Poland and Sweden for2009-2015. Baltic salmon plays also an important role in reducing sedimentation, regulating food webs and maintaining the general ecological balance of ecosystems Maintaining and restoring the salmon population requires concerted efforts for habitat restoration and conservation in rivers and the sea.

Published
2013

50. Itämeren kalan ja muun kotimaisen kalan ympäristömyrkyt: PCDD/F-, PCB-, PBDE-, PFC- ja OT-yhdisteet : EU-kalat II

Author

Hallikainen, Anja, Airaksinen, Riikka, Rantakokko, Panu, Koponen, Jani, Mannio, Jaakko, Vuorinen, Pekka J., Jääskeläinen, Timo, and Kiviranta, Hannu

Subjects
Itämeri, orgaaniset tinayhdisteet, ympäristömyrkyt
Abstract

EU-KALAT II hankkeessa tuotettiin tietoa Itämeren kalojen ja kotimaisten järvikalojen sekä kasvatettujen kalojen PCDD/F- ja PCB- sekä PBDE-pitoisuuksista eri ikäisissä ja kokoisissa kaloissa sekä lajeittain että alueittain. Hankkeessa tutkittiin myös perfluorattuja yhdisteitä (PFC) ja organotina (OT)-yhdisteitä sekä lihaksesta että maksasta. Tutkimuksesta saatiin uutta tietoa kalojen haitallisten aineiden pitoisuuksista riskinhallintaa varten. Vuoden 2009 tuloksia verrattiin aikaisempiin tuloksiin vuosilta 2002-2003. Itämeren ja muun kotimaisen kalan PCDD/F- ja PCB-pitoisuuksista nousevat esiin samat kalalajit, joiden on aiemminkin todettu keräävän näitä ympäristömyrkkyjä. Silakka, lohi ja meritaimen sekä nahkiainen ja tässä hankkeessa lisäksi kampela Kotkan alueelta ylittävät PCDD/F- ja PCB-yhdisteille asetetut enimmäispitoisuusrajat. Itämeren kaloista, kilohailin, muikun, ahvenen, hauen, kuhan, mateen ja turskan dioksiinien mediaanipitoisuudet eivät yllä edes puoleen sallitusta enimmäispitoisuudesta, joka on 4 pg/g tuorepainoa. Kun verrataan vuoden 2002-2003 pitoisuuksia vuoden 2009 PCDD/F- ja PCB- sekä PBDE-yhdisteiden pitoisuuksiin, ovat lohen ja silakan keskimääräiset pitoisuudet pienentyneet. Avomerialueiden OT-pitoisuudet lihaksessa olivat noin kolmanneksen pienemmät kuin vuonna 2005–2007 pyydetyissä näytteissä. Pahimpia Itämeren ympäristömyrkkyjä ovat edelleen dioksiinit ja dioksiininkaltaiset PCB-yhdisteet. PBDE- ja PFOS- ja OTpitoisuudet ovat pieniä muutamaa poikkeusta lukuun ottamatta. Useista kalalajeista suurimmat haitta-aineiden pitoisuudet todettiin seuraavilta alueilta: Selkämereltä Porin edusta ja Turun ja Kotkan pyyntialueet sekä kaikkein pahimpana Helsingin Vanhankaupunginlahti, jossa sekä OT- että PFOS-pitoisuudet antavat aihetta suositella kulutuksen rajoittamista, ainakin isojen ahventen osalta. As an outcome of the EU FISH II project, information was produced about PCDD/F and PCB as well as PBDE levels in Baltic fish, domestic freshwater fish and farmed fish. Variations in the levels were studied by age and size of the fish as well as by species and areas. Analyses of the presence of perfluorinated compounds (PFC) and organotin compounds (OT) in muscles and liver were also carried out within the scope of the project. New data on the content of hazardous substances in fish were obtained for use in risk management. The 2009 results were compared with the results of the previous project conducted in 2002-2003. Analyses of PCDD/F and PCB levels in fish highlight the same species that have also previously been found to be susceptible to accumulation of these environmental toxins. Baltic herring, salmon and sea trout as well as river lamprey and now in this study also European flounder in Kotka area show levels of PCDD/F and PCB compounds exceeding the maximum stipulated limits. In Baltic fish, the median levels of dioxin equivalents in sprat, vendace, perch, pike, pike-perch, burbot and cod are not even half of the permitted maximum level, which is 4 pg/g of fresh weight. The comparison of the levels measured in 2002-2003 with the 2009 levels of PCDD/F and PCB as well as PBDE compounds shows that the mean levels have decreased in salmon and herring. The OT levels measured in the muscles of open sea fish were about one third lower than in the fish samples caught in 2005–2007. Dioxins and dioxin-like PCB compounds are still the worst contaminants in the Baltic Sea. The levels of PBDE, PFOS and OT were low, with a few exceptions. The Bothnian Sea and the fishing areas of Pori, Turku and Kotka took the lead in the contamination ranking, but the worst area was Vanhankaupunginlahti Bay of Helsinki, where both OT and PFOS levels give cause to recommend consumption restrictions, at least as far as large perch are concerned. I projektet EU-FISK II producerades information om PCDD/F- och PCBjämte PBDE-halterna i östersjöfisk och inhemsk insjöfisk och odlad fisk av olika ålder och storlek såväl artvis som regionvis. I projektet undersöktes också såväl muskler som levern med tanke på perfluorkolväten (PFC) som organiska tennföreningar (OT). Undersökningen gav ny information om halterna skadliga ämnen i fisk med tanke på riskhanteringen. Resultaten från år 2009 jämfördes med de tidigare resultaten från åren 2002-2003. I fråga om PCDD/F- och PCB-halterna i östersjöfisk och annan inhemsk fisk framhävs samma fiskarter som också tidigare kontaterats samla på sig av dessa miljötoxiner. Strömming, lax och havsöring jämte nejonöga och i detta projekt också flundra från Kotkaområdet överskred gränsvärdena som fastställts för PCDD/F- och PCB-föreningar. Av östersjöfisken når medianhalterna dioxinekvivalenter i skarpsill, siklöja, abborre, gädda, gös, lake och torsk inte ens upp till halva det tillåtna gränsvärdet, som är 4 pg/g färskvikt. Då man jämför halterna år 2002-2003 med halterna PCDD/F- och PCB- jämte PBDE-föreningar år 2009, har de genomsnittliga halterna i lax och strömming minskat. OT-halterna i muskler i fisk från öppet havar är cirka en tredjedel mindre än i proverna från fisk som fångats år 2005–2007. Dioxinerna och de dioxinliknande PCB-föreningarna utgör fortsättningsvis de värsta kontaminanterna i Östersjön. PBDE-, PFOS- och OT-halterna var med några få undantag små. Som mest kontaminerade framstod fiskeriområdena Bottenhavet, Björneborg, Åbo och Kotka och som det allra värsta området Gammelstadsviken i Helsingfors, där såväl OT- som PFOS-halterna ger orsak att rekommendera en begränsing av konsumtionen åtminstone för stora abborrars del.

Published
2011

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