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This study presented the practices of pupil behaviour management of Vietnamese primary teachers with a focus on primary pupils' misbehaviours, and the activities the primary teachers implemented to manage this misbehaviour. 1,545 primary pupils' parents and teachers from all three main areas in Vietnam took part in the questionnaire surveys. Mathematical statistical methods were used to analyse data along with collating the perceptions between primary teachers and parents. The results showed that pupil behaviour management had been implemented to a positive extent by the primary teachers in classroom practices. The primary teachers frequently implemented the activities of pupil behaviour management to deal with pupils' misbehaviours, and this could help prevent misbehaviour in classroom practices. Nevertheless, the study also revealed that one of the emergent problems that needs to be solved in order to achieve better pupil behaviour management is pupils' inattentive attitudes in learning. A possible reason was attributed to the teachers' less cares and the lower frequency with which interactive instruction was implemented by the primary teachers in their teaching practices. The study suggested that an appropriate strategy of pupil behaviour management for Vietnamese primary teachers needed to be designed in order to help better engage pupils in learning and to meet the requirements of the ongoing implementation of competence-based curricula. A social constructivist approach with its interactive and meaningful features was recommended for further studies to work on designing an appropriate behaviour management strategy for pupils in a Confucian heritage culture such as Vietnam.

High-quality SnSe2 single crystals were successfully synthesized using a temperature gradient method. N-type characteristics and strong anisotropic transport properties of SnSe2 single crystals were exhibited between the ab plane and the c-axis. At 673 K, the power factor (PF) value along the ab plane is 3.43 μW cm-1 K-2, while it is 0.92 μW cm-1 K-2 along the c-axis. The ratio between thermal conductivities along the ab plane (κab) and c-axis (κc) is on the order of 7.6 at 300 K, while this value is about 5.6 at 673 K. The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in the c-axis (0.15) is higher than that (0.1) along the ab plane, according to the ultralow out-of-plane thermal conductivity. The electronic band structure results, which were examined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) predicted the potential of improving the thermoelectric performance of SnSe2 single crystals by electron doping.

Bone development requires the recruitment of osteoclast precursors from surrounding mesenchyme, thereby allowing the key events of bone growth such as marrow cavity formation, capillary invasion, and matrix remodeling. We demonstrate that mice deficient in gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 exhibit a delay in osteoclast recruitment. Histological analysis and specialized invasion and bone resorption models show that MMP-9 is specifically required for the invasion of osteoclasts and endothelial cells into the discontinuously mineralized hypertrophic cartilage that fills the core of the diaphysis. However, MMPs other than MMP-9 are required for the passage of the cells through unmineralized type I collagen of the nascent bone collar, and play a role in resorption of mineralized matrix. MMP-9 stimulates the solubilization of unmineralized cartilage by MMP-13, a collagenase highly expressed in hypertrophic cartilage before osteoclast invasion. Hypertrophic cartilage also expresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which binds to extracellular matrix and is made bioavailable by MMP-9 (Bergers, G., R. Brekken, G. McMahon, T.H. Vu, T. Itoh, K. Tamaki, K. Tanzawa, P. Thorpe, S. Itohara, Z. Werb, and D. Hanahan. 2000. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:737-744). We show that VEGF is a chemoattractant for osteoclasts. Moreover, invasion of osteoclasts into the hypertrophic cartilage requires VEGF because it is inhibited by blocking VEGF function. These observations identify specific actions of MMP-9 and VEGF that are critical for early bone development.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease characterized by deposition of autoantibodies at the basement membrane zone. In an experimental BP model in mice, the subepidermal blistering is mediated by antibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal protein BP180 (collagen XVII, BPAG2), and depends on complement activation and neutrophil infiltration. Gelatinase B is present in BP blister fluid and can cleave BP180. In this study we investigated the role of gelatinase B in the immunopathogenesis of experimental BP using mice containing targeted disruption of the gelatinase B (MMP-9, 92 kD gelatinase) gene. Gelatinase B-deficient mice were resistant to the blistering effect of intracutaneous anti-mBP180 antibodies, although these mice showed deposition of autoantibodies at the basement membrane zone and neutrophil recruitment to the skin comparable to that observed in the control mice. Interleukin 8 given intradermally concomitantly with pathogenic anti-mBP180 elicited a significant neutrophil recruitment into the skin in gelatinase B-deficient mice, but blistering did not occur. However, gelatinase B-deficient mice reconstituted with neutrophils from normal mice developed blistering in response to anti-mBP180 antibodies. These results implicate neutrophil-derived gelatinase B in the pathogenesis of experimental BP and might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for BP.

We studied a community cluster of 25 mpox cases in Vietnam caused by emerging monkeypox virus sublineage C.1 and imported into Vietnam through 2 independent events; 1 major cluster carried a novel APOBEC3-like mutation. Three patients died; all had advanced HIV co-infection. Viral evolution and its potential consequences should be closely monitored.

We recently isolated a cDNA clone encoding a functional platelet thrombin receptor that defined a unique mechanism of receptor activation. Thrombin cleaves its receptor's extracellular amino terminal extension, unmasking a new amino terminus that functions as a tethered peptide ligand and activates the receptor. A novel peptide mimicking this new amino terminus was a full agonist for platelet secretion and aggregation, suggesting that this unusual mechanism accounts for platelet activation by thrombin. Does this mechanism also mediate thrombin's assorted actions on non-platelet cells? We now report that the novel thrombin receptor agonist peptide reproduces thrombin-induced events (specifically, phosphoinositide hydrolysis and mitogenesis) in CCL-39 hamster lung fibroblasts, a naturally thrombin-responsive cell line. Moreover, these thrombin-induced events could be recapitulated in CV-1 cells, normally poorly responsive to thrombin, after transfection with human platelet thrombin receptor cDNA. Our data show that important thrombin-induced cellular events are mediated by the same unusual mechanism of receptor activation in both platelets and fibroblasts, very likely via the same or very similar receptors.

“Superlative expresses” is a class of words in the Vietnamese vocabulary, expressing the cognitive cultural characteristics of the Vietnamese people, commonly used in oral language and literature. Starting from the importance of using “superlative expresses” words in communication, the article aims to train primary students the ability to use this class of words in the process of practicing descriptive writing. From the theoretical basis of words describing the characteristics and states of expressing “superlative expresses” meaning and the current situation of using this class of words in descriptive writing of 4th and 5th grade students, the article proposed 4 measures to train students’ ability to use words to describe characteristics and states of “superlative expresses” meaning in practicing descriptive writing, including: 1. Focus on explaining words that describe properties and states of expressing “superlative expresses” meaning in teaching Vietnamese; 2. Enhance the expansion of vocabulary describing the nature and state of expressing “superlative expresses” meaning for students in the process of teaching Vietnamese; 3. Use words to describe properties and states that express “superlative expresses” meaning in practicing writing descriptive sentences and paragraphs; 4. Guide students to correct incorrect sentences in writing descriptive text using words that describe properties and states that express “superlative expresses” meaning.

To meet the increasing societal demands for the quality of childcare education in preschools and the requirements of the new Preschool Education Program, it is essential that the preschool teaching staff undergo comprehensive improvements in both ethical qualities and professional standards. Using theoretical research methods, reading and analyzing legal documents, examining management and autonomy documents, as well as employing synthesis, statistical, and comparative methods, this article focuses on several key areas: an overview of professional development and preschool teacher training; an analysis of the current state of teacher quality, ethics, and professional development of preschool teachers in Thai Binh; and recommendations for renewing the management of professional development activities to improve the quality of education, take care and upbringing of children in preschools in Thai Binh province in the current period.

Abstract Vietnam has 11 Biosphere Reserves (BRs) designated by UNESCO where evaluation of management effectiveness plays an important role to promote sustainability for these areas. We propose a set of indicators suitable to Vietnam’s social-ecological conditions based on the IUCN concepts of management effectiveness and the consultation dialogues with relevant BR stakeholders. This set includes 58 indicators, 20 headline indicators according to 6 management elements of BR: Context, Planning, Inputs, Process, Outputs and Outcomes. Management effectiveness value is divided into 5 levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) and thereafter categorised into 4 ranges according to the corresponding value (Very low: 0–25 points; Low: 25–50 points; Average: 50–75 points; High: 75–100 points) with the higher the value, the greater the effectiveness. Based on the indicators, we evaluated the management effectiveness of Cu Lao Cham-Hoi An BR (designated in 2009). The results of evaluating management effectiveness for this BR have determined that the overall management effectiveness for the whole BR is 78.2 out of 100 scores, equivalent to high management effectiveness. Results for management elements: element 1 (Context-85.8 score), element 2 (Planning-83.5 score), element 3 (Inputs-73.4 score), element 4 (Process-76.3 score), element 5 (Outputs-68.3 score) and element 6 (Outcomes-81.9 score). Although the indicators presented a useful analysis of management effectiveness in this particular case, owing the diversity of BRs in Vietnam in terms of socio-ecological conditions, total area, governance model and administration, caution should be applied in the treatment and/or selection of these indicators for all BR cases and the 58 indicators should be used as a guide for each specific BR.

Nghiên cứu này nhằm phân lập và tuyển chọn các dòng vi khuẩn chịu mặn có khả năng phân giải protein mạnh từ dịch chượp lên men nước mắm tại hai cơ sở sản xuất lớn của Làng nghề nước mắm truyền thống Nam Ô (thành phố Đà Nẵng). Qua việc phân lập trong điều kiện hiếu khí, đã thu được 79 dòng vi khuẩn. Bằng phương pháp cấy vạch và khuếch tán trên đĩa thạch, 11 dòng được xác định có khả năng sinh protease mạnh, với kích thước vòng phân giải sữa gầy >15mm. Cả 11 dòng này cho thấy, khả năng tăng trưởng và sản sinh protease tốt trong môi trường lỏng chứa 4,0w% NaCl, và 3 trong số chúng giữ được khả năng này trong môi trường có 20,0w% NaCl. Kết quả khảo sát các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển cho thấy, điều kiện thích hợp để thu sinh khối của các dòng này là nhiệt độ 37°C, và thời gian 16-20 giờ. Kết quả giải trình tự gene 16S rRNA cho phép định danh 3 dòng vi khuẩn này thuộc chi Bacillus.

Cordyceps militaris, well known for its therapeutic potential in managing type-2 diabetes through the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, was the central focus of this research, which investigated the influence of various cultivation substrates on its enzymatic inhibitory properties and bioactive compound content. Previous studies have primarily focused on the general pharmacological benefits of C. militaris but have not thoroughly explored how different substrates affect its bioactive profile and enzyme inhibitory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substrate selection on the enzyme inhibition activities and the levels of bioactive compounds such as cordycepin and adenosine in C. militaris, demonstrating that substrate selection markedly affects both these enzymes’ inhibition activities and bioactive compound levels. Particularly, C. militaris fruiting bodies grown on Brihaspa atrostigmella showed the highest concentrations of cordycepin (2.932 mg/g) and adenosine (1.062 mg/g). This substrate also exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 336.4 ± 16.0 µg/mL and the most effective α-amylase inhibition with an IC50 value of 504.6 ± 4.2 µg/mL. Conversely, C. militaris cultivated on the solid residues of Gryllus bimaculatus displayed the strongest xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition, with the lowest IC50 value of 415.7 ± 11.2 µg/mL. These findings highlight the critical role of substrate choice in enhancing the medicinal properties of C. militaris, suggesting that optimized cultivation can enhance the bioactive properties for more effective natural therapies for diabetes and other metabolic disorders. This study not only extends the understanding of C. militaris’ pharmacological potential but also illustrates its applicability in developing customized treatment options.

The study focuses on analyzing factors that influence the Millennial generation's intention to choose spiritual tourism and determining the mediating role of attitude and motivation in this relationship. Based on the theory of planned behavior, theories of motivation and basic human value theory, the study has identified 3 factors: Tourism destination image, spiritual belief and reference groups influence the Millennial generation's intention to choose spiritual tourism. A survey based on a sample of 287 domestic and international tourists of the Millennial generation participating in travel experiences at spiritual tourist destinations in Vietnam. After collecting data, SmartPLS software is used to test the relationships of the research model. Research results show that all three factors influence the Millennial generation's intention to travel spiritually and confirm the mediating role of attitude and motivation in this relationship.

Abstract Background At a global scale, the SARS-CoV-2 virus did not remain in its initial genotype for a long period of time, with the first global reports of variants of concern (VOCs) in late 2020. Subsequently, genome sequencing has become an indispensable tool for characterizing the ongoing pandemic, particularly for typing SARS-CoV-2 samples obtained from patients or environmental surveillance. For such SARS-CoV-2 typing, various in vitro and in silico workflows exist, yet to date, no systematic cross-platform validation has been reported. Results In this work, we present the first comprehensive cross-platform evaluation and validation of in silico SARS-CoV-2 typing workflows. The evaluation relies on a dataset of 54 patient-derived samples sequenced with several different in vitro approaches on all relevant state-of-the-art sequencing platforms. Moreover, we present UnCoVar, a robust, production-grade reproducible SARS-CoV-2 typing workflow that outperforms all other tested approaches in terms of precision and recall. Conclusions In many ways, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has accelerated the development of techniques and analytical approaches. We believe that this can serve as a blueprint for dealing with future pandemics. Accordingly, UnCoVar is easily generalizable towards other viral pathogens and future pandemics. The fully automated workflow assembles virus genomes from patient samples, identifies existing lineages, and provides high-resolution insights into individual mutations. UnCoVar includes extensive quality control and automatically generates interactive visual reports. UnCoVar is implemented as a Snakemake workflow. The open-source code is available under a BSD 2-clause license at github.com/IKIM-Essen/uncovar.

Modal truncation, an advanced algorithm for model reduction in dynamic systems, efficiently simplifies complex models by selectively discarding less influential eigenmodes, maintaining a balance between computational efficiency and model accuracy. This paper explores the algorithm's application to a 48th order building model. Proceed to reduce this model to lower orders, then analyze errors in time and frequency domains. Modal truncation algorithm systematically reduces model dimensions while preserving critical dynamic attributes. Numerical simulations reveal a favorable reduction order range (from order 6th to order 25th) for optimal balance, with sensitivity observed at order 25th. From the results obtained, depending on specific requirements, users can use a lower-order model corresponding to the allowed error to replace the original system. Recommendations include iterative refinement for adaptive reduction orders and in-depth analysis around critical points. This algorithm becomes an effective method for researchers dealing with high-dimensional dynamic systems, offering simpler yet accurate model representations. As technology develops, continued refinements and applications of modal truncation are expected, solidifying its role in the realm of model reduction.

Background: Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) is a significant obstetric challenge affecting maternal health and well-being. Genetic factors, including mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and elevated homocysteine levels, are increasingly recognized as contributors to URPL, though their precise roles remain complex. This study aimed to comprehensively explore these factors. Objectives: This study examines the links between MTHFR gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C), plasma homocysteine levels, and URPL. It also aims to create a predictive model for URPL based on these factors. Design: A case-control study with Vietnamese women who had at least one pregnancy between January 2017 and June 2020, recruited from Medlatec Hospital and Hanoi Medical University. Participants included URPL cases ( n = 128) and controls ( n = 126). Methods: Participants were selected based on specific criteria. Main analyses identified the optimal multivariable logistic regression model for predicting URPL using Bayesian Model Averaging, with the optimal model chosen based on the highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) and posterior probability. A nomogram for clinical risk prediction was developed based on parameters from the optimal model. Results: URPL cases exhibited significantly higher plasma homocysteine levels (11.73 ± 6.08 µmol/L) compared to controls (7.64 ± 1.78 µmol/L), correlating with increased URPL risk (OR: 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41–1.96; p

This study investigated the relationship between MiPs, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and water quality in the Red River Delta. MiPs were collected from water samples at four locations: Hanoi, Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, and Cat Ba Island. Bacteria isolated from MiPs and the surrounding water were analyzed for β-lactamase genes. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytridecanolactone (PTDL) exhibited notable correlations with coefficients with microbial abundance on MiPs. Aeromonas (99.2 % of all isolates) were the most common bacteria isolated from MiPs, with a fewer Escherichia coli (0.83 %). Of 207 bacterial strains isolated from microplastic, 23 (~11 % of total) were found to carry antibiotic resistance genes, mostly blaTEM (13/23; 56.5 %), blaSHV (9/23; 39.1 %) and blaCTXM-9 (1/23; 4.3 %). All seven environmental factors measured were found to affect the distribution of ARGs and ARBs on MiP surfaces. Chlorophyll-a showed a strong positive correlation with ARB abundance, suggesting a potential link between primary productivity and bacterial colonization. This study is one of the first to report the association of MPs with antibiotic-resistant microbiota and genes. The presence of ARGs on MiPs in areas with high human population highlights the need for effective pollution management strategies to mitigate the risks associated with AMR.

National parks are increasingly recognized as attractive nature-based tourism destinations, playing an important role in tourism development in Vietnam. The study investigates the relationships between nature-based destination attractiveness, tourists’ satisfaction, perceived risk, and their revisit intention for Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam, particularly in the context of COVID-19. Data were randomly collected from 308 domestic visitors who visited the park from December 2020 to May 2021, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relationships. The results of this study show that all six attributes of Bach Ma National Park, including natural, social, and cultural attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, prices, and services, had a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction. Vietnamese tourists’ perceived risk associated with the pandemic had a significant negative impact on their satisfaction and a positive effect on their revisit intention. The findings from this study make a significant contribution to nature-based tourism literature, particularly towards effective marketing and management of national park-based tourism destination in Vietnam, notably with domestic tourists and in times of shocks such as COVID-19.

Abstract Metal corrosion is a challenge for the world with heavy impacts on the economy. Study on the development of effectiveness anticorrosion additives is a promising strategery for the protection industry. This research focuses on the modification of hydrotalcite Mg−Al (HT) loading tannic acid (TA) with 3‐(trimethoxy silyl) propyl methacrylate organo‐silane (TMSPM) for applicating as an anti‐corrosion additive for epoxy coating on the steel substrate. The suitable ratio of HT and modifiers was investigated and the suitable content of modified HT in epoxy matrix was found based on mechanical properties of the epoxy‐based coating. The characteristics of modified HT were assessed through infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), dynamic light scattering (DLS). Detailly, HT‐TA3‐S3 shows good stability in distilled water when HT/TA was modified with TMSPM which makes Zeta potential decreases significantly. Besides, SEM analysis presented HT‐TA‐S has a cylindrical shape about of 500 nm. Moreover, the crystallite size of HT/TA after being modified by TMSPM decreases sharply. All of these prove successfully synthesize HT loading TA with modified TMSPM. Water contact angle (WCA) decreases in case of loading TA and increases in case of modifying with TMSPM (WCA changed from HT (116.3°) to HT‐TA (102.4°) and HT‐TA‐S (120.1°) which indicates the increased hydrophobicity of the sample. The obtained results showed HT/TA was modified successfully with TMSPM. The modification affected the size distribution and surface properties of HT nanoparticles while it did not impact on the crystal structure of HT. After incorporating modified HT/TA into the epoxy coating, the adhesion of coating to steel substrate was improved significantly. Consequently, the adhesion of epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA coating was increased 3 times as compared to epoxy neat (from 0.76 MPa to 2.77 MPa). In addition, the relative hardness and gloss retention of epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA coating reached the maximum values as compared to the others. Owing to salt spraying results, the epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA exhibited an excellent anticorrosion ability for the steel substrate. All the above results show the potential of HT nanoparticles loading TA modified with TMSPM as anticorrosive additives for protective coatings on steel substrates.

Antibiotic tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reduces bacterial killing, worsens treatment outcomes, and contributes to resistance. We studied rifampicin tolerance in isolates with or without isoniazid resistance (IR). Using a minimum duration of killing assay, we measured rifampicin survival in isoniazid-susceptible (IS, n=119) and resistant (IR, n=84) isolates, correlating tolerance with bacterial growth, rifampicin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and isoniazid-resistant mutations. Longitudinal IR isolates were analyzed for changes in rifampicin tolerance and genetic variant emergence. The median time for rifampicin to reduce the bacterial population by 90% (MDK90) increased from 1.23 days (IS) and 1.31 days (IR) to 2.55 days (IS) and 1.98 days (IR) over 15–60 days of incubation, indicating fast and slow-growing tolerant sub-populations. A 6 log10-fold survival fraction classified tolerance as low, medium, or high, showing that IR is linked to increased tolerance and faster growth (OR = 2.68 for low vs. medium, OR = 4.42 for low vs. high, p-trend = 0.0003). High tolerance in IR isolates was associated with rifampicin treatment in patients and genetic microvariants. These findings suggest that IR tuberculosis should be assessed for high rifampicin tolerance to optimize treatment and prevent the development of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis.

The study delves into the factors that influence the capital structure of commercial banks in Vietnam. Capital structure, measured by the net debt-to-asset ratio, is a key indicator of bank leverage. The study uses pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models to analyze the impact of factors such as net interest-earning rate, Corporate Income Tax rate, and liquidity on commercial banks’ profitability and their capital structure. Data from 26 banks during the 2010–2022 period in Vietnam was collected for the analysis. The results indicate that factors such as Tax, ROA, growth, and liquidity have significant impacts on the capital structure of the banks. Specifically, Tax has a beta coefficient of –0.05967, ROA has a beta of –0.01796, growth has a beta of 0.000509, and liquidity has a beta of –0.00045. The study found that ROA, Tax, and liquidity are negatively related to the capital structure of Vietnamese commercial banks, meaning that an increase in these factors leads to a decrease in the banks’ total debt-to-total assets and vice versa. The empirical results suggest that commercial banks can manage their capital structure through these factors to reduce their debt-to-asset ratio, resulting in reduced credit risk, improved asset quality, and increased business efficiency. However, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio may also lead to reduced profits from lending activities, particularly when interest rates are high.

Tiểu thuyết Người con gái viên đại úy của Pushkin được các nhà nghiên cứu đánh giá là “cuốn bách khoa toàn thư” bằng văn xuôi về đời sống Nga cuối thế kỉ XVIII. Trong tác phẩm này, Pushkin thể hiện mình là một nhà văn-nghệ sĩ biết kết hợp sự thật trong việc phản ánh đời sống thực tại với cách diễn đạt đặc biệt đầy thi vị, với vẻ đẹp chân thực tuyệt vời. Bài viết tập trung phân tích những lời đề từ - những cấu trúc cú pháp đặc biệt có vai trò quan trọng trong kết cấu tiểu thuyết Người con gái viên đại úy của A. S. Pushkin, thể hiện chủ đề tác phẩm, góp phần hé lộ cho độc giả về diễn biến của cốt truyện và số phận của các nhân vật. Trên cơ sở đối chiếu bản dịch với nguyên tác, bài viết làm rõ ưu điểm và hạn chế của các phương thức chuyển ngữ mà dịch giả Cao Xuân Hạo đã sử dụng nhằm truyền đạt được tính hình tượng và ý nghĩa sâu xa của những lời đề từ trong thiên tiểu thuyết.

The influence of leadership behaviors on employee creativity has been extensively examined and evaluated over time. This study further extends the understanding of this topic by investigating the effects of the influence tactics, including Inspirational appeals and Ingratiation, on employee creativity through the mediating role of tacit knowledge sharing. The study sample consists of 180 employees working in businesses, government agencies, and a university. The author employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses. The main research findings demonstrate that both tactics of inspirational appeals and ingratiation have significant and statistically positive impacts on employee creativity through the mediation of tacit knowledge sharing. This underscores the crucial role of enhancing motivation and establishing good relationships in fostering employee creativity.

The trend of educational innovation from a content approach to a competency approach raises the need to innovate teaching methods. For new innovation, learners need guidance and supports in practical activity. The ultimate goal of project-based learning is specific circuit, for applying knowledge to solve daily problems. Teaching STEM topics is to improve knowledge and skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics for learners. For Electronic Practice course, lessons are structured as projects to meet the requirement of STEM education. The article suggests that the knowledge and skills acquired through project-based teaching surpass those obtained through traditional teaching methods. In addition, it proposes experimenting with implementing project-based STEM method in the Electronics Practice course with three lessons specifically designed by integrating individual lessons. The STEM project-based teaching process for the lesson “Design and Assemble the regulator Power 5V DC” is presented, analyzed, and designed with completely new questionnaires. This will be a reference for lecturers while teaching the Electronics Practice course to innovate teaching methods to keep up with current development speed.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, posing serious threats to global health. Effective broad-spectrum antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 are not sufficiently available. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral activity of the natural lignan diphyllin (PubChem CID 100492) against different SARS-CoV-2 variants and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that diphyllin dose-dependently inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-mediated entry into different types of cells. The potent inhibition was evident against spike proteins derived from the original SARS-CoV-2 and from variants of concern such as Alpha, Beta, Delta or Omicron. Accordingly, diphyllin also significantly inhibited the in vitro infection of a clinical SARS-CoV-2 virus isolate. Mechanistically, diphyllin simultaneously inhibited the endosomal entry of SARS-CoV-2 by neutralizing the endosomal acidification and reducing the activity of the cysteine protease cathepsin L (CTSL) as well as S-meditated cell surface entry by impairing furin activity. Collectively, our findings establish diphyllin as novel inhibitor of CTSL and furin proteases, resulting in a double-pronged attack on SARS-CoV-2 entry along endosomal as well as cell surface routes. Therefore, diphyllin has the potential to be advanced as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry.

This study investigates factors influencing sustainable transportation (ST) across social, economic, and environmental dimensions using Structural equation modelling. A survey of transportation enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, resulted in a final sample of 414. Findings show that historical context, political dynamics, facility quality, and environmental impact reduction strategies positively impact all three ST dimensions. E-commerce developments contribute positively to economic sustainability but not to social or environmental sustainability. Conversely, technological application significantly influences social and environmental dimensions but does not impact economic sustainability.

As online activities related to purchasing restaurant foods have become more common, user-generated photos (UGPs), including a customer’s face, have emerged as crucial sources of information because they offer a better visual cue and create a higher level of trust, subsequently increasing purchase intention. However, little research has examined the effect of facial presence in UGPs on customers’ purchase behavior in restaurants in Vietnam. This study aims to investigate the relationship between facial presence in UGPs and purchase intention while simultaneously testing the mediating role of trust. A two-group design was used, with one group featuring UGPs with facial presence and the other UGPs without facial presence. Results indicate that participants in the UGPs with facial presence condition exhibited a higher level of trust and, hence, a greater purchase intention than those in the UGPs without facial presence condition. These findings expand our understanding of UGPs and purchase intention and provide restaurant managers with valuable practical implications.

AbstractThe study aims to assess the factors affecting the successful implementation of customer relationship management (CRM), as well as the relationship between the successful implementation of CRM and customer loyalty, in 3-to-5-star hotels in Vietnam. The study carried out integrating 3 theories RBV, RM and CM to identify the main components of CRM: human resources, technology and processes. On that basis, the article has identified 6 factors affecting successful CRM implementation in relation to the main components of CRM including: senior leaders’ commitments, CRM strategies, business procedures, hotel culture, technology infrastructure and database. By survey with a total sample size of 396 questionnaires. The participants included executive managers, vice directors, head of departments and head of divisions 3–5 star hotels in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang – 3 tourist cities of Vietnam in the list of 10 best cities in Southeast Asia. They were directly engaged in the management and execution of hotel operations, including CRM implementation. Upon being filtered, the data was analyzed by a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, regression analysis, and hypothesis testing to measure the impact level of the factors affecting the successful implementation of CRM, and the relationship between the successful implementation of CRM and customer loyalty. The findings obtained indicate that all 6 factors have a positive impact on the successful implementation of CRM, and the successful implementation of CRM has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. Additionally, theoretical and practical implications were proposed to help managers of 3-to-5-star hotels in Vietnam gain a better understanding of the importance of resources, so as to make the best preparations before implementing CRM and building customer loyalty. Further research orientations were also presented.

ABSRACTThe objective of this study is to explore the influence of various factors on transportation development, considering their spillover effects on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in neighboring provinces. The study utilizes time-series data from the transportation industry in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. Accordingly, a theoretical framework is constructed based on foundational theories. The methodology involves Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis and its five steps of Goodness of Fit testing. The key findings include: (1) Mobile phones positively influence, while corruption control and state investment negatively impact goods labor productivity; (2) Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) and state investment positively influence both people labor productivity and people capital productivity; (3) Regarding spillover effects on neighboring provinces, mobile phones have a negative influence, while PCI positively impacts the GDP growth of Binh Phuoc. Mobile phones negatively affect GDP growth in Vung Tau and Dong Nai, whereas corruption control positively affects it in these provinces. Therefore, with regard to institutions, the government should regulate transportation industry activities towards environmental friendliness, such as developing PCI in the direction of a green environment or investing in green fuel for the transportation industry. As corruption control has both positive and negative effects, we recommend increasing corruption control towards a sustainable economy. Regarding technology, since mobile phones have both positive and negative effects, we suggest finding a balance to boost goods labor productivity. These results offer transportation policymakers and managers both theoretical and practical perspectives to improve the transportation industry’s development.

Trong nghiên cứu này, cấu trúc armchair graphene đơn lớp nanoribbons (AGNRs) dưới ảnh hưởng của khuyết và tái cấu trúc tạo thành vòng 5-9 được đưa vào tính toán. Phương pháp gần đúng liên kết mạnh (TB) được sử dụng để khảo sát cấu trúc vùng năng lượng của vật liệu khi không có và có sự xuất hiện của điện trường ngoài. Bên cạnh đó, bài toán nhiệt điện cũng được thực hiện dựa trên phương pháp luận hàm Green. Kết quả khảo sát với M = 15 cho thấy rằng, độ rộng vùng cấm của vật liệu được chia thành hai vùng cấm con nằm quanh mức Fermi. Tùy thuộc vào các vị trí khuyết khác nhau, độ rộng vùng cấm sẽ thay đổi. Đặc biệt, dưới tác động của điện trường song song, độ rộng vùng cấm của vật liệu được điều khiển, dẫn đến sự thay đổi mật độ trạng thái (DOS) và hệ số Seebeck S của vật liệu. Như vậy, sự kết hợp của khuyết và điện trường ngoài mang nhiều tiềm năng để đưa vật liệu graphene hướng đến những ứng dụng trong tương lai.

This article uses an integrated model of fuzzy logic and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate the rationality of sloping land use types in Bac Kan province consisting of planted forests and cropland. Soil samples were taken at 30 locations in Ba Be, Bac Kan, and Na Ri districts on 12-13 January 2024 to analyze soil quality components to get soil quality data for an integrated model of TOPSIS and fuzzy logic. The integrated model has been evaluated objectively and reliably based on the proposed set of criteria, overcoming the limitation of consistency when determining the weight set and the permutation in the ranking results when used separately. 15 criteria to evaluate the rationality of sloping land use types in Bac Kan province are proposed with 11 criteria for environmental values, 2 criteria for economic values, and 2 criteria for social values. Model results prove that the most reasonable land use type for crops is intercropping cereal crops with Glycine max while the most reasonable land use type for forestation is the mixed wood forest with shrubs or legumes. The rankings have been verified by similarity with the opinions of many experts and authors studying sloping land in Vietnam. Thus, the model results can be used for planning purposes and to facilitate decision-making processes and tools in sustainable agriculture and forestry development in the sloping land of Bac Kan province.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the rate of depression, anxiety and stress among ethnic minority adolescents and identify relationships between demographic characteristics, behaviours and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) factors with different mental disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lang Son province, Vietnam, among adolescents in boarding schools for ethnic minorities. The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) and the ACEs Questionnaire were used. Information on age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of home visits, frequency of parental visits, number of people living together, quality of friendship, physical activity, and frequency of Internet use was also collected. Multivariate Logistic and Tobit regression were employed. Results: Among 845 students, the rates of stress, anxiety and depression were 24.7 %, 54.4 % and 59.0 %, respectively. There were 48.9 % experiencing at least one ACEs, and the mean number of ACEs was 1.1 (SD = 1.8, range = 0–6). The number of ACEs was positively associated with anxiety score (Coef. = 0.28), stress score (Coef. = 0.28), and depression score (Coef. = 0.16). Having fair or poor friendships was positively associated with anxiety, stress and depression scores. Adolescents using the Internet daily or not using the Internet had a significantly lower anxiety score than those using the Internet at the weekend. Finally, information sources such as friends or television were negatively associated with stress and anxiety scores. Conclusion: This study revealed the high prevalence of mental health problems and ACEs among ethnic minority adolescents in current sample. The present study illustrates an immediate demand for interventions to address ACEs and cognitive issues to improve adolescents’ well-being.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommend the consumption of less than 2,000 mg of sodium/day to reduce blood pressure and the risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. The sodium intake among Vietnamese was reported to be 7,200 mg/d or more. Free L-glutamate enhances flavor when it is added to food and improves the taste of sodium-reduced foods.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate whether the intake of free L-glutamate-rich seasonings contributes to maintaining a low sodium intake in a cross-over study.MethodsFrom a total of 145 subjects, 42 participants were screened for participation in the cross-over design study. Subjects were randomly allocated to the Low free L-glutamate group (Low free L-Gl) and the Normal free L-glutamate group (Normal free L-Gl). Both received a direct educational guideline to reduce sodium intake. The Low free L-Gl group started with a restriction in the variety of free L-glutamate-rich seasonings, and the Normal free L-Gl group had no restriction in the variety of seasonings. Blood pressure was measured at week 0 (baseline), week 2, week 4, and week 6, while body weight, height, urine sodium and potassium excretion, chromogranin-A (CgA pmol/mg protein) from saliva, and free L-glutamate from food were measured at week 0, week 3, and week 6.ResultsIn Low free L-Gl, the amount of free L-glutamate in food decreased significantly from baseline to week 6 (p 0.05). However, the reduction of sodium excretion at week 6 was 22% in Low free L-Gl (5,875 mg/d vs. 4,603 mg/d, p

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) led to holiday journeys being associated with significant health risks. While there are numerous studies on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel mode choice in everyday mobility, there are a lack of studies on tourists’ choice of travel mode, even though tourism transport in Switzerland makes up 24% of all distance travelled. Based on an extended conceptual framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study investigates the effect of COVID-19 on tourists’ intentions to choose a particular travel mode during the pandemic. Our findings show that the higher the perceived susceptibility of getting COVID-19 associated with the holiday journey, the lower the choices for collective travel modes. Furthermore, for those tourists who are more likely to take risks, their choices for collective travel modes are increased. The study recommends that public transport operators choose measures that increase the application of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against tourists while travelling; this may encourage the safe use of collective transport modes during a pandemic.

Human leucocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules play a central role for both NK and T-cell responses that prevent serious human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) disease. To create opportunities for viral spread, several HCMV-encoded immunoevasins employ diverse strategies to target HLA-I. Among these, the glycoprotein US10 is so far insufficiently studied. While it was reported that US10 interferes with HLA-G expression, its ability to manipulate classical HLA-I antigen presentation remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that US10 recognizes and binds to all HLA-I (HLA-A, -B, -C, -E, -G) heavy chains. Additionally, impaired recruitment of HLA-I to the peptide loading complex was observed. Notably, the associated effects varied significantly dependending on HLA-I genotype and allotype: (i) HLA-A molecules evaded downregulation by US10, (ii) tapasin-dependent HLA-B molecules showed impaired maturation and cell surface expression, and (iii) β2m-assembled HLA-C, in particular HLA-C*05:01 and -C*12:03, and HLA-G were strongly retained in complex with US10 in the endoplasmic reticulum. These genotype-specific effects on HLA-I were confirmed through unbiased HLA-I ligandome analyses. Furthermore, in HCMV-infected fibroblasts inhibition of overlapping US10 and US11 transcription had little effect on HLA-A, but induced HLA-B antigen presentation. Thus, the US10-mediated impact on HLA-I results in multiple geno- and allotypic effects in a so far unparalleled and multimodal manner.

Studies on the demands of resource mobilization service among in-patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease remain limited. This study aimed to estimate the demands of resource mobilization service and to examine several associated factors among in-patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease at the General Hospital of Tien Giang Center, Vietnam. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 196 in-patients, of which 98 were in-patients with diabetes disease and 98 were in-patients with cardiovascular disease. Additionally, this study used 8 in-depth interviews to collect data. The study results showed that in-patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease had a high demand for resource mobilization services (over 90%). In the univariate regression models, significant factors for the demands of resource mobilization service among in-patients with cardiovascular disease were living area, marital status, economic condition, and the number of treatments. We did not find a statistically significant association with the resource mobilization demands of diabetic in-patients. The study provided recommendations to stakeholders to promote resource mobilization services for diabetic and cardiovascular in-patients in difficult circumstances. These findings had important implications for future research on factors associated with resource mobilization services among in-patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Sustainable poverty reduction livelihoods in rural areas is a comprehensive process to solve current problems and build sustainability for the future. Sustainable Poverty Reduction Livelihoods in Rural Areas aims at solutions to reduce poverty and ensure complete and sustainable development of rural communities. The research seeks to discover factors affecting sustainable poverty reduction livelihoods in rural areas. Research data was collected in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. In the survey with the questionnaire, 750 people responded directly to the questionnaire. SPSS 20 and AMOS 24 software are used to analyze data. The data collection process takes place from August to October 2023. Implementation methods include data descriptive statistics, testing scales, analyzing factors' suitability, and testing research structure. The research results show that six factors affect sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction in rural areas in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, including local government policies, infrastructure, education and training, labour market, community involvement, and finance and banking services. From the study's findings, several contents are discussed and suggested to help understand the relationship between factors affecting sustainable poverty reduction livelihoods in rural areas.

Abstract Background Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is hampered by the lack of a gold standard. Current microbiological tests lack sensitivity and clinical diagnostic approaches are subjective. We therefore built a diagnostic model that can be used before microbiological test results are known. Methods We included 659 individuals aged $$\ge 16$$ ≥ 16 years with suspected brain infections from a prospective observational study conducted in Vietnam. We fitted a logistic regression diagnostic model for TBM status, with unknown values estimated via a latent class model on three mycobacterial tests: Ziehl–Neelsen smear, Mycobacterial culture, and GeneXpert. We additionally re-evaluated mycobacterial test performance, estimated individual mycobacillary burden, and quantified the reduction in TBM risk after confirmatory tests were negative. We also fitted a simplified model and developed a scoring table for early screening. All models were compared and validated internally. Results Participants with HIV, miliary TB, long symptom duration, and high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocyte count were more likely to have TBM. HIV and higher CSF protein were associated with higher mycobacillary burden. In the simplified model, HIV infection, clinical symptoms with long duration, and clinical or radiological evidence of extra-neural TB were associated with TBM At the cutpoints based on Youden’s Index, the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing TBM for our full and simplified models were 86.0% and 79.0%, and 88.0% and 75.0% respectively. Conclusion Our diagnostic model shows reliable performance and can be developed as a decision assistant for clinicians to detect patients at high risk of TBM. Summary Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis is hampered by the lack of gold standard. We developed a diagnostic model using latent class analysis, combining confirmatory test results and risk factors. Models were accurate, well-calibrated, and can support both clinical practice and research.

The objective of the study is to clarify the influence of digital capabilities on innovation capability, considering the direct and indirect impacts of digital leadership and digital culture in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The study used a mixed research method including qualitative with in-depth interviews and quantitative with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to analyze 271 responses. Research results show that digital capabilities have a positive impact on SMEs’ innovation capability. Digital leadership and digital culture also, directly and indirectly, affect firms’ digital capabilities and innovation capabilities. From there, the study confirms the theoretical contributions as well as proposes suggestions for SMEs to develop digital capabilities, and as a result, to develop innovation capabilities.

In this study, we present some results on the preparation of a conical-shaped W-Cu composite by using the combination of the spark plasma sintering and subsequent spinning process. The experimental results demonstrated that the full density, fine grain and high hardness composite could be obtained. The relative density of the W-Cu composite after the spinning process increased up to 99.8% which is higher than that of the composite prepared by SPS processing (98.8%). Similarly, the microhardness of the composite after the spinning process is improved compared to the sample obtained after SPS processing. This was attributed to the grain size refinement and the increase of the dislocation density generated during the spinning process. Besides, the dependence of the microstructure and microhardness of the conical-shaped W-Cu composite on the positions of the cone was investigated in detail. As a result, the microstructure and microhardness of the cone were altered at various locations from the inside to the outside walls. This could be attributed to the difference in the interface bond strength between W and Cu matrix at different positions. The current work promises to be an innovative and encouraging approach to producing high-performance W-Cu composites for possible industrial applications and specially in shaped charge liners.

Planning, managing, and developing sustainably all depend on mapping and monitoring changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in Phu Tho Province, Vietnam. In this study, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were employed to track LULC changes in the study area from 1992 to 2022. The supervised classification method in ArcGIS 10.8 software was applied to Landsat satellite data (Landsat 5-TM for 1992 and 2010, and Landsat 9-OLI/TIRS for 2022) to detect and classify five main LULC classes: agricultural land, barren land, vegetation, built-up, and waterbodies. The accuracy of the classification was assessed using kappa coefficients, which were found to be 0.882, 0.891, and 0.915 for the years 1992, 2010, and 2022, respectively. During the period 1992-2022, the areas of agricultural land, built-up, and waterbodies increased by 148.84 km2, 304.15 km2, and 41.04 km2, respectively. However, the areas of barren land and vegetation decreased by 289.39 km2 and 204.64 km2, respectively. Furthermore, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were utilized to rapidly assess changes in LULC, and their trends were found to be consistent with the supervised classification results. These changes in LULC pose a significant threat to the environment, and the findings of this study can serve as a valuable resource for future land use planning and management in the area.

In this work, polypyrrole-based nanocomposites doped with graphene oxide, molybdate, and salicylate (PPy/GO/Mo/Sal) were synthesized via in situ electrochemical polymerization to enhance the anti-corrosion protection performance of polymer coatings. The morphology and structures of the coatings were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD. The protection abilities of coatings against corrosion were investigated in 0.1 M NaCl solution with EIS potentiodynamic polarization, salt spray test, and open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements. The results showed that with the presence of both molybdate/salicylate and GO in the PPy matrix, the nanocomposite coating exhibited an excellent protection ability against corrosion for low-carbon steel, better than that with only GO as filler. Compared to the nanocomposites doped with only salicylate or salicylate/GO, the one doped with both molybdate/salicylate and GO exhibited the longest protection plateau (ca. 100 h) on the OCP-time curves with some fluctuation points known as the self-healing action of molybdate dopant. It also resulted in a decrease in the corrosion current (Tafel plots), a higher impedance (Bode plot), and a better protection performance in salt spray tests. In this case, the anti-corrosion ability of the coatings was provided through a barrier and self-healing mechanism.

Although the concept of translanguaging is not new, little is known about how it is employed and viewed by Vietnamese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in both public and private institutions. By investigating how EFL secondary teachers in the public and private sectors employ translanguaging in language schools and their perceptions, this convergent mixed-method study bridged the gap in the current literature. Following the collection of questionnaires from 32 secondary school teachers in a district of Hanoi and four semi-structured interviews with 04 survey participants, descriptive analysis was used to examine the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The merged results showed that most teachers in both sectors had positive opinions on translanguaging and thought it was crucial for scaffolding students’ learning, especially for cognitive purposes (e.g., to explain difficult grammar/vocabulary) due to the importance of grammar and vocabulary for exam preparation while using translanguaging for affective purposes was found unimportant by most participants. Also, teachers in public schools reported using translanguaging more frequently than those in private schools due to the private institutions’ policy. The study continues to confirm the results of previous studies, supporting translanguaging use in EFL classrooms. It also argues that translanguaging should not be prohibited but included strategically in language teaching, calling for reconsideration of language policy from private schools. Some implications were offered, and further research is needed to generate more insights.