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381 results on '"Vrieling, Klaas"'

13. Dissecting negative effects of two root-associated bacteria on the growth of an invasive weed.

Author

Liu, Xiangyu, Fernandes, Hocelayne Paulino, Ossowicki, Adam, Vrieling, Klaas, Lommen, Suzanne T E, and Bezemer, Thiemo Martijn

Subjects
BIOLOGICAL weed control, NOXIOUS weeds, WEED control, BACTERIAL metabolites, GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA
Abstract

Plant-associated microorganisms can negatively influence plant growth, which makes them potential biocontrol agents for weeds. Two Gammaproteobacteria, Serratia plymuthica and Pseudomonas brassicacearum , isolated from roots of Jacobaea vulgaris , an invasive weed, negatively affect its root growth. We examined whether the effects of S. plymuthica and P. brassicacearum on J. vulgaris through root inoculation are concentration-dependent and investigated if these effects were mediated by metabolites in bacterial suspensions. We also tested whether the two bacteria negatively affected seed germination and seedling growth through volatile emissions. Lastly, we investigated the host specificity of these two bacteria on nine other plant species. Both bacteria significantly reduced J. vulgaris root growth after root inoculation, with S. plymuthica showing a concentration-dependent pattern in vitro. The cell-free supernatants of both bacteria did not affect J. vulgaris root growth. Both bacteria inhibited J. vulgaris seed germination and seedling growth via volatiles, displaying distinct volatile profiles. However, these negative effects were not specific to J. vulgaris. Both bacteria negatively affect J. vulgaris through root inoculation via the activity of bacterial cells, while also producing volatiles that hinder J. vulgaris germination and seedling growth. However, their negative effects extend to other plant species, limiting their potential for weed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Mimicking natural deterrent strategies in plants using adhesive spheres

Author

van Zwieten, Ralph, Bierman, Thijs V., Klinkhamer, Peter G.L., Martijn Bezemer, T., Vrieling, Klaas, Kodger, Thomas E., van Zwieten, Ralph, Bierman, Thijs V., Klinkhamer, Peter G.L., Martijn Bezemer, T., Vrieling, Klaas, and Kodger, Thomas E.

Abstract

With a continuous increase in world population and food production, chemical pesticide use is growing accordingly, yet unsustainably. As chemical pesticides are harmful to the environment and developmental resistance in pests is increasing, a sustainable and effective pesticide alternative is needed. Inspired by nature, we mimic one defense strategy of plants, glandular trichomes, to shift away from using chemical pesticides by moving toward a physical immobilization strategy via adhesive particles. Through controlled oxidation of a biobased starting material, triglyceride oils, an adhesive material is created while monitoring the reactive intermediates. After being milled into particles, nanoindentation shows these particles to be adhesive even at low contact forces. A suspension of particles is then sprayed and found to be effective at immobilizing a target pest, thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Small arthropod pests, like thrips, can cause crop damage through virus transfer, which is prevented by their immobilization. We show that through a scalable fabrication process, biosourced materials can be used to create an effective, sustainable physical pesticide.

Published
2024

27. Soil cadmium pollution facilitated the invasion of alligator weed through enhanced herbivore resistance and competitive ability over a congeneric species.

Author

Lin, Tiantian, He, Wanci, Yang, Mohan, Wang, Xuegui, Vrieling, Klaas, and Chen, Gang

Subjects
SOIL pollution, HERBIVORES, TRACE metals, NOXIOUS weeds, ALLIGATORS, CADMIUM
Abstract

A number of invasive plant species, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, have been documented to be able to accumulate trace metal elements in their tissues. Since metal accumulation in plants can serve as a defence against herbivores, we hypothesized that metal pollution will increase herbivore resistance of metal‐accumulating invasive plant species and such a benefit will grant them a competitive advantage over local co‐occurring plants. In this study, we compared the differences in plant growth and herbivore feeding preference between A. philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis in single and mixed cultures with and without soil cadmium (Cd) pollution. The results showed that A. philoxeroides plants were more tolerant to Cd stress and accumulated more Cd in the leaves than A. sessilis. Cd exposure increased the resistance of A. philoxeroides against a specialist and a generalist herbivore compared with A. sessilis. Competition experiments indicated that Cd stress largely increased the competitive advantage of A. philoxeroides over A. sessilis with or without herbivore pressures. The differences in herbivore resistance between the two plant species under soil Cd stress are most likely due to the deterring effect of Cd accumulation and Cd‐enhanced mechanical defences rather than changes in leaf specialized metabolites. Summary Statement: Soil cadmium pollution largely increased the resistance of the invasive weed A. philoxeroides against both a generalist and a specialist herbivore, giving it a competitive advantage over the local competitor A. sessilis regardless of the presence or absence of herbivore pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. The negative effects of soil microorganisms on plant growth only extend to the first weeks.

Author

Zhang, Jing, Klinkhamer, Peter G.L., Vrieling, Klaas, Bezemer, T.M., Zhang, Jing, Klinkhamer, Peter G.L., Vrieling, Klaas, and Bezemer, T.M.

Abstract

Soil biotic communities can strongly impact plant performance. In this paper, we ask the question: how long-lasting the effect of the soil microbial community on plant growth is. We examined the plant growth rates at three stages: early, mid and late growth. We performed two growth experiments with Jacobaea vulgaris, which lasted 49 and 63 days in sterilized soil or live soil. In a third experiment, we examined the effect of the timing of soil inoculation prior to planting on the relative growth rate of J. vulgaris with four different timing treatments. In all experiments, differences in biomass of plants grown in sterilized soil and live soil increased throughout the experiment. Also, the relative growth rate of plants in the sterilized soil was only significantly higher than that of plants in the live soil in the first two to three weeks. In the third experiment, plant biomass decreased with increasing time between inoculation and planting. Overall, our results showed that plants of J. vulgaris grew less well in live soil than in sterilized soil. The negative effects of soil inoculation on plant mass appeared to extend over the whole growth period but arise from the negative effects on relative growth rates that occurred in the first weeks.

Published
2022

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