570 results on '"Vrbničanin, Sava"'
Search Results
2. Evaluation of the viability of old seeds of several important agricultural weeds
- Author
-
Šikuljak Danijela, Uludag Ahmet, Anđelković Ana, Trkulja Nenad, Božić Dragana, and Vrbničanin Sava
- Subjects
germination ,seed longevity ,seed persistence ,viable seeds ,weed seeds ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Persistent seed banks are equally important in agriculture and invasion biology. While seed vitality persistence exemplifies an eternal uphill battle for weed control in agriculture, it signals a potential invasiveness of species in invasion biology. Considering yield losses caused by Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Chenopodium album and Datura stramonium in agriculture, and the importance of Ambrosia trifida as an emerging invader in Europe, the objective of this study was to test the viability and longevity of the aged seeds of these economically important weeds. Three seed viability/longevity tests were conducted: the crush test, germination test in Petri dishes, and 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) test. The results revealed a significant variation in germination potential among the tested species. The highest vitality was observed in 7-year-old seeds of A. retroflexus (41.67 %), followed by 16-year-old A. theophrasti seeds (17.78 %), 13-year-old C. album seeds (15.00 %) and 17-year-old D. stramonium seeds (7.5 %). Furthermore, a remarkable seed longevity was documented in the tested species (with the exception of A. trifida), preserving their germination potential for over half a century. Seed germination was recorded in 49-year-old seeds of D. stramonium, 53-year-old seeds of A. retroflexus, 58-year-old seeds of A. theophrasti and 59-year-old seeds of C. album, in strong evidence of the persistence of these weed species' seeds in the environment.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Antioxidant activity, phytotoxicity and allelopathic potential of green walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit extract
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović Marija, Gajić-Umiljendić Jelena, Đorđević Tijana, Radivojević Ljiljana, Šantrić Ljiljana, Božić Dragana, and Vrbničanin Sava
- Subjects
alleopathy ,walnut ,plant extract ,weeds ,maize ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The potential allelopathic effect of a green walnut fruit extract on seed germination and early growth of three weed species (Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Daucus carota) was tested, as well as its phytotoxic effect on seed germination and early growth of maize (Zea mays). Another objective was to analyze the plant extract and assess its antioxidative activity. Antioxidative activity of the plant extract was evaluated based on its ability to neutralize DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and capacity for iron reduction using the FRAP method. Inhibition of the evaluated parameters (total germination and seedling length) decreased proportionally with decreasing concentrations of extract solution of green walnut fruit. The parameters of seedling growth were also found to show greater susceptibility than total seed germination of all three of the tested weed species. Although the seed bioassay results indicated a high inhibitory effect on germination and early growth of the tested weeds, they also revealed phytotoxic activity during early growth of the cultivated Z. mays.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Weed suppression by mulches in Mentha x piperita L.
- Author
-
Dragumilo, Ana, Marković, Tatjana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Prijić, Željana, Mrđan, Snežana, Radanović, Dragoja, and Božić, Dragana
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Responses of seed germination of Xanthium orientale L. and Xanthium spinosum L. to temperature.
- Author
-
Kelečević, Biljana, Kovačević, Zlatan, Mitrić, Siniša, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Species of the genus Xanthium (cocklebur) are invasive plants widespread all over the world. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Xanthium orientale L. was an invasive species, while Xanthium spinosum L. was an economically harmful weed species. The reason these species are spread over vast areas and across various climate conditions must be attributed to their biology, particularly the biology of their seeds. Germination of populations of X. orientale and X. spinosum at a temperature range of 15 °C to 40 °C over 2 to 20 days ranged between 15.0% (X. spinosum) and 90.0% (X. orientale). By means of the application of a statistical model, a positive correlative dependence of temperature and time on seed germination was determined (X. orientale = 80.70%, X. spinosum = 62.20%), which provided a possibility of modelling the seed germination of Xanthium species in various ecological conditions. The optimal germination temperature for both cocklebur species was 30−35 °C. As the germination of seeds was recorded at all researched temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C), it points to a wide ecological valence for the considered abiotic factor. These results suggest that the unique germination biological characteristics of the Xanthium genus made it extremely easy for the species to form monodominant communities in new habitats and climate-changing environments quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The influence of Ambrosia trifida on vegetative production of A. artemisiifolia
- Author
-
Savić Aleksandra, Mileusnić Ana, Pavlović Danijela, Božić Dragana, and Vrbničanin Sava
- Subjects
ambrosia ,common ragweed ,giant ragweed ,competition ,vegetative parameters ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) and A. trifida (giant ragweed) are very important weed species that are invasive in Serbia and are often found in agricultural regions. When these weeds are present at high densities, crop yields can be significantly reduced or even completely destroyed. Unlike A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida is locally present in the Central Bačka region (Vojvodina province), and it is expected that its area of distribution will expand in the future. Starting from the assumption that future distribution of A. trifida could take on larger proportions than now, the aim of this study was focused on examining the interaction between these two species. Experiments were conducted using the replacement design model, in which Ambrosia trifida/Ambrosia artemisiifolia per m 2 , were planted as density ratios of 10/0; 8/2; 4/6; 6/4; 2/8, and 0/10, in a completely randomized block system with four replications. The vegetative parameters (height and dry mass) of A. artemisiifolia were measured in July, August and September over a period of two years (2016 and 2017), and the results were statistically analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). In July 2016, the average height of A. artemisiifolia was in the range between 35.00 and 50.40 cm, in August it was from 68.00 to 95.50 cm, and between 83.75 and 99.80 cm in September. In the following season (2017), the corresponding values ranged from 56.19 to 78.50 (July), 98.38 to 125.50 cm (August) and 111.19 to 148.50 (September). An increase in the number of A. artemisiifolia plants and decrease in A. trifida counts per m2 caused an increase in the dry mass of A. artemisiifolia per plant. The dry mass of A. artemisiifolia ranged from 4.22 to 6.11 g/plant (July), 8.96 to 10.27 g/plant (August) and 7.04 to 19.53 g/plant (September). In the following season, these values ranged from 9.62 to 14.60 g/plant, 14.37 to 28.90 g/plant, and 23.43 to 40.47 g/plant in July, August and Sepember, respectively. Minimum values of vegetative parameters were recorded in the treatment with 2 plants, and maximum in the treatment with 10 A. artemisiifolia plants/m2 . This means that interspecific competition is more pronounced in this ragweed species than intraspecific competition.
- Published
- 2020
7. Phytochemical investigation of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. stem extract and evaluation of its bioherbicidal effect on Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L.
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, primary, Tojić, Teodora, additional, Gajić Umiljendić, Jelena, additional, Đorđević, Tijana, additional, Đurović-Pejčev, Rada, additional, Radivojević, Ljiljana, additional, Božić, Dragana, additional, and Vrbničanin, Sava, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Non-destructive estimation of weed response to bleaching herbicides by Raman spectroscopy
- Author
-
Vranješ, Filip, primary, Pećinar, Ilinka, additional, Vrbničanin, Sava, additional, Lević, Steva, additional, Šikuljak, Danijela, additional, and Božić, Dragana, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Antioxidant activity, phytotoxicity and allelopathic potential of green walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit extract
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Đorđević, Tijana, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Šantrić, Ljiljana, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Đorđević, Tijana, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Šantrić, Ljiljana, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
The potential allelopathic effect of a green walnut fruit extract on seed germination and early growth of three weed species (Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Daucus carota) was tested, as well as its phytotoxic effect on seed germination and early growth of maize (Zea mays). Another objective was to analyze the plant extract and assess its antioxidative activity. Antioxidative activity of the plant extract was evaluated based on its ability to neutralize DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and capacity for iron reduction using the FRAP method. Inhibition of the evaluated parameters (total germination and seedling length) decreased proportionally with decreasing concentrations of extract solution of green walnut fruit. The parameters of seedling growth were also found to show greater susceptibility than total seed germination of all three of the tested weed species. Although the seed bioassay results indicated a high inhibitory effect on germination and early growth of the tested weeds, they also revealed phytotoxic activity during early growth of the cultivated Z. mays., Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita alelopatski potencijal ekstrakta zelenih nezrelih plodova oraha na klijanje i rani porast semena tri korovske vrste (Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Daucus carota), kao i fitotoksični efekat na klijanje i rani porast semena kukuruza Zea mays. Pored toga, cilj je bio i da se uradi analiza biljnog ekstrakta i procena njegove antioksidativne aktivnosti. Antioksidativna aktivnost biljnog ekstrakta određena je kroz sposobnost neutralizacije DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radikala i ispitivanjem sposobnosti redukcije gvožđa FRAP metodom. Inhibicija merenih parametara (ukupna klijavost i dužina klijanaca) se proporcionalno smanjivala sa smanjenjem koncentracije rastvora ekstrakta zelenih nezrelih plodova oraha. Takođe, parametri rasta klijanaca su ispoljili veću osetljivost u odnosu na parametar ukupne klijavosti semena kod sve tri korovske vrste. Iako dobijeni rezultati iz biotesta sa semenima pokazuju značajan inhibitorni efekat na klijanje i rani porast testiranih korovskih vrsta, ujedno ukazuju i na fitotoksične efekte kod ranog porasta semena gajene vrste Z. mays.
- Published
- 2023
10. Phytochemical Investigation of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Stem Extract and Evaluation of Its Bioherbicidal Effect on Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Tojić, Teodora, Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Đorđević, Tijana, Đurović-Pejčev, Rada, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Tojić, Teodora, Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Đorđević, Tijana, Đurović-Pejčev, Rada, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
This study focused on characterizing chemically and evaluating in vitro allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of secondary metabolites extracted from the stem of Cuscuta campestris in seed germination, early seedling growth and early plant growth of Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea. The combined effects of stem extract and a reduced dose of herbicide metribuzin were also examined. Plant extract contained 17 phenolic compounds and the most abundant phenols were flavonoids: quercetin, (+)-catechin, daidzin, luteolin, and rutin. The seeds of P. oleracea were less sensitive than the seeds of A. retroflexus. The seed bioassay confirmed the inhibitory effect of stem extract on germination and early growth of both weed seedlings at concentrations of 0.75 % and 1 %, and a minor inhibitory effect in the plant bioassay. On the other hand, a synergy of C. campestris stem extract and metribuzin was revealed, as their combination achieved better results in the control of both weed species. Based on obtained data C. campestris stem extract could be a potential source of natural-based weed control molecules.
- Published
- 2023
11. Bio-herbicidal potential and chemical analysis of secondary metabolites of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.)
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Tojić, Teodora, Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Đurović-Pejčev, Rada, Đorđević, Tijana, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Tojić, Teodora, Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Đurović-Pejčev, Rada, Đorđević, Tijana, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
The objective of this study focused on characterizing chemically and evaluating in vitro the allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of secondary metabolites (phenolic compound) extracted from the stem of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) in seed germination, early seedling growth (radical and shoot length) and early plant growth tests of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L. The combined effects of the stem extract and a reduced dose of the synthetic herbicide metribuzin on the two weed species were also examined. Plant extract contained 18 phenolic compounds and the most abundant phenols were flavonoids: quercetin, (+)-catechin, daidzin, luteolin, and rutin. The seeds of P. oleracea were less sensitive than the seeds of A. retroflexus. The data obtained in the seed bioassay confirmed the inhibitory effect of plant stem extract on the germination and early growth of P. oleracea and A. retroflexus seedlings at higher concentrations (0.75% and 1%), and a minor inhibitory effect was also observed in the plant bioassay with this extract. On the other hand, a synergy of C. campestris stem extract and the herbicide metribuzin was revealed, as their combination was found to achieve better results in the control of both weed species. Based on obtained data C. campestris stem extract could be a potential source of natural herbicide. Also, these findings could be useful in light of increasing practices of integrated weed management that have heightened the interest in reducing herbicide doses.
- Published
- 2023
12. Effect Long-Term Management System on Soil Weed Seed Bank
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Oveisi, Mostafa, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Oveisi, Mostafa, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Long-term monoculture has a de-stroying impact on plant production, while crop rotation is known as a more eco-friendly approach as provides diversification in crop management systems, modifies intensive pressure on the agricultural ecosystem, utilizes various soil horizons, and prevents the establishment of specific pests and weeds. The aim of his research was to answer: How management system over 50 years of specific continuous crop management programs (crop rotation and fertilization) effect on weed populations? This study was conducted in the experimental site of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops of “Plodoredi”, Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad, Serbia.
- Published
- 2023
13. Uticaj sistema biljne proizvodnje na rezervu semena invazivnih vrsta u zemljištu
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Stojićević, Darko, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Stojićević, Darko, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Uravnoteženo i normalno funkcionisanje agroekosistema zavisi u velikoj meri od zakorovljenosti, pa je praćenje prisustva korova i veličine populacije, a naročito invazivnih vrsta od izuzetnog značaja. Procena rezerve semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu je važan element predviđanja dinamike pojave populacije korova kao i kreiranja strategije njihovog suzbijanja. Tokom tri godine (2014-2017) procenjenivana je rezerva semena invazivnih vrsta u zemljištu u različitim sistemima biljne proizvodnje: (i) monokulture kukuruza, ozime pšenice i soje (ii) dvopoljni plodored (kukuruz - ozima pšenica) sa i bez primene mineralnog đubriva, (iii) tropoljni plodored (kukuruz - ozima pšenica - soja) sa primenom mineralnog đubriva, sa primenom stajnjaka i bez primene đubriva.
- Published
- 2023
14. Invasive Weed Species in Arable Soil Seed Bank in Serbia
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Stojićević, Darko, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Stojićević, Darko, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
In the last 100 years, the number of invasive species has been increasing in many parts of the world, as a result of the development of trade, transport, tourism, climate change etc. The most susceptible to invasion are areas that are under strong anthropogenic influence: agricultural areas and urban and industrialised zones. Invasive processes are very complex, not easy to predict and damages can be great and manifest through changes in biodiversity, in the chemical composition of the soil, competitive reactions between native and alien invasive species. In this research is explanation how invasive species changes the soil weed seed bank in the arable land of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad.
- Published
- 2023
15. Non-destructive estimation of weed response to bleaching herbicides by Raman spectroscopy
- Author
-
Vranješ, Filip, Vranješ, Filip, Pećinar, Ilinka, Vrbničanin, Sava, Lević, Steva, Šikuljak, Danijela, Božić, Dragana, Vranješ, Filip, Vranješ, Filip, Pećinar, Ilinka, Vrbničanin, Sava, Lević, Steva, Šikuljak, Danijela, and Božić, Dragana
- Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of Raman spectroscopy for pre-diagnostic estimation of weed response to bleaching herbicides. Model plants were Chenopodium album and Abutilon theophrasti treated with mesotrione (120 g a.i. ha−1). Raman single-point measurements were taken 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after herbicide application from different points on the leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out on data normalized by the highest intensity band at 1522 cm−1 and using spectral region from 950 to 1650 cm−1 comprising mainly contributions of carotenoids. The carotenoids by intensive band at ∼1522 cm−1 and bands with lower intensity at ∼1155 and 1007 cm−1 in treated plants were confirmed. According to PC1 (the first principal component) and PC2 (the second principal component), the highest intensity bands responsible for treatment differentiation in C. album could be assigned to chlorophyll, lignin, and carotenes. According to PC1 in A. theophrasti leaves the treatment differences could be observed 7 days after mesotrione treatment and PC2 gave a clear separation between all control and treated leaf samples. Raman spectroscopy may be a good complement to invasive analytical methods, in assessing the plant abiotic stress induced by bleaching herbicides. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Published
- 2023
16. Impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunk.) on physiological and anatomical changes in untreated and herbicide-treated alfalfa plants
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović Marija, Božić Dragana, Radivojević Ljiljana, Gajić-Umiljendić Jelena, and Vrbničanin Sava
- Subjects
field dodder ,alfalfa ,herbicide ,pigments ,anatomical parameters ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The effects of field dodder on physiological processes and the anatomy of alfalfa plants were examined under controlled conditions. The experiment included the following variants: N - noninfested alfalfa plants (control); I - infested alfalfa plants (untreated); T - infested plants treated with imazethapyr. Imazethapyr application rate was 100 g a.i. ha-1. The following parameters were checked: physiological - pigment content (chlorophyll ɑ, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids); anatomical - stem parameters: thickness of epidermis and cortex, and diameter of stem and central cylinder; leaf parameters: thickness of epidermis, parenchyma and spongy tissue, mesophyll and underside leaf epidermis, and diameter of bundle sheath cells in alfalfa plants. Pigment contents and anatomical parameters were measured: prior to herbicide treatment (0 assessment), then 7 (I assessment), 14 (II assessment), 21 (III assessment), 28 (IV assessment) and 35 (V assessment) days after application (DAA). Field dodder was found to affect the contents of chlorophyll ɑ, chlorophyll ɑ and carotenoids in untreated alfalfa plants, causing significant reductions in pigment content. Conversely, percent reduction in the treated plants decreased 22-5% for chlorophyll ɑ, 25-1%, for chlorophyll b, and 21-11% for carotenoids, while a stimulating effect of 1-6% was observed for the contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoids 35 DAA. Plants infested (untreated) by field dodder had lower values of most anatomical parameters, compared to noninfested plants. The measured anatomical parameters of alfalfa stems and leaves had significantly higher values in noninfested plants and plants treated with imazethapyr than in untreated plants.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Gene flow from herbicide-resistant sunflower hybrids to weedy sunflower
- Author
-
Bozic, Dragana, Pavlovic, Danijela, Bregola, Valeria, Di Loreto, Alessandro, Bosi, Sara, and Vrbnicanin, Sava
- Published
- 2015
18. Gene Flow from Herbicide-Resistant Crops to Wild Relatives
- Author
-
Vrbničanin, Sava, primary, Božić, Dragana, additional, and Pavlović, Danijela, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Weed Resistance to Herbicides
- Author
-
Vrbničanin, Sava, primary, Pavlović, Danijela, additional, and Božić, Dragana, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Effect of nicosulfuron on plant traits of Xanthium strumarium
- Author
-
Bozic, Dragana, Saric-Krsmanovic, Marija, Pavlovic, Danijela, and Vrbnicanin, Sava
- Published
- 2013
21. How Do Long Term Crop Rotations Influence Weed Populations: Exploring the Impacts of More than 50 Years of Crop Management in Serbia
- Author
-
Saulic, Markola, primary, Oveisi, Mostafa, additional, Djalovic, Ivica, additional, Bozic, Dragana, additional, Pishyar, Alireza, additional, Savić, Aleksandra, additional, Prasad, PV Vara, additional, and Vrbničanin, Sava, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Variability in Early Seed Development of 26 Populations of Cuscuta campestris Yunck.: The Significance of Host, Seed Age, Morphological Trait, Light, Temperature, and Genetic Variance
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Zagorchev, Lyuben, Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Rajković, Miloš, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Teofanova, Denitsa, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Zagorchev, Lyuben, Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Rajković, Miloš, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Teofanova, Denitsa, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Efficient approaches aimed at restricting Cuscuta campestris distribution can be based on the control of seed germination. Thus, data on effects of environmental factors, seed age, seed longevity and viability, and hosts on C. campestris seed germination and emergence would provide valuable information in that context. Seeds of 26 populations of C. campestris were collected from different locations in Serbia during the field season August-October between 2005 and 2019. Seeds were collected in three major agronomic regions in Serbia: Banat (13 populations), Srem (11 populations), and Macva (2 populations). The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different temperatures and light on seed germination and seedling growth of populations of C. campestris, determine possible correlations between seed age or hosts and total germination and seedling growth, and survey the morphological diversity and genetic variability of seeds of this parasitic plant. Large variability of germination patterns was observed within each agronomic region, and the high variance of seed germination patterns within regions reflects the ability of C. campestris to adapt to local agricultural management practices. For practical purposes, populations that start and complete their emergence earlier are considered harder to control. Thus, farmers should implement effective mechanical and chemical management measures for early-germinating populations.
- Published
- 2022
23. Analiza zakorovljenosti useva kukuruza kao preduslov za adekvatan odabir herbicida
- Author
-
Božić, Dragana, Božić, Dragana, Lazarević, Dragan, Jovanović-Radovanov, Katarina, Radović, Nikola, Vrbničanin, Sava, Božić, Dragana, Božić, Dragana, Lazarević, Dragan, Jovanović-Radovanov, Katarina, Radović, Nikola, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Ključni preduslov za efikasno suzbijanje korova (osim proaktivnih i agrotehničkih mera) jeste adekvatan odabir herbicida. Osnov za njihov odabir je floristički sastav i brojnost korova (nivo zakorovljenosti) na parceli. Da bi se poljoprivrednim proizvođačima dale adekvatne preporuke za primenu herbicida neophodno je napraviti bazu podataka o stanju zakorovljenosti po usevima i područjima. Stoga je tokom vegetacione sezone 2021. godine u dva navrata (kada su biljke kukuruza bile u fazi 3-5 listova, tj. BBCH13-15; i u fazi 6-12 listova, tj. BBCH16-35) obavljeno mapiranje korova u kukuruzu na 10 odabranih lokaliteta u različitim delovima Srbije: Bačka Topola, Kovin, Krajišnik, Mihajlovac, Ruma, Sečanj, Sremska Mitrovica, Stari Tamiš, Velika Plana i Vrbas. Na svakom lokalitetu ocenjeno je 7-8 parcela pod usevom kukuruza i napravljena lista dominantnih korovskih vrsta (kriterijum je min. tri jedinke po vrsti na m2), utvrđena njihova brojnost i izdvojene visoko dominantne vrste. Parcele su izabrane po principu slučajnosti, pri čemu je preduslov za mapiranje bio da su na parceli prisutni korovi. Pregled parcela je obavljen kretanjem istraživača u različitim pravcima po površini cele parcele: uzduž, popreko, dijagonalno i cik-cak. Vrste koje su bile prisutne sa 3 i više jedinki po m2 su evidentirane (na svim parcelama u 1. oceni), a u drugoj oceni u zavisnosti od subjektivne procene istraživača navođeno je prisustvo i vrsta koje su imale manju brojnost od 3 po m2. Analizom prikupljenih podataka utvrđen je broj prisutnih vrsta na svakom lokalitetu, zastupljenost svake vrste na ocenjivanim parcelama, brojnost vrste za lokalitet, kao i prosečna brojnost za lokalitet. Izdvojene su najzastupljenije vrste za lokalitet, kao i vrste sa brojnošću >10 biljaka po m2. Ukupan broj vrsta (taksona) sa brojnošću 3 i više po m2 na svim lokalitetima u obe ocene bio je 110. U prvoj oceni je zabeleženo 76 vrsta, od čega su 22 bile prisutne samo na jednoj parceli. U drugoj oceni zabeleženo je u
- Published
- 2022
24. Transfer ALS gena odgovornog za tolerantnost na herbicide ALS inhibitore između različitih formi suncokreta (Helianthus annuus L.)
- Author
-
Stojićević, Darko, Stojićević, Darko, Božić, Dragana, Radanović, Aleksandra, Miladinović, Dragana, Banjanac, Tijana, Saulić, Markola, Pavlović, Danijela, Vrbničanin, Sava, Stojićević, Darko, Stojićević, Darko, Božić, Dragana, Radanović, Aleksandra, Miladinović, Dragana, Banjanac, Tijana, Saulić, Markola, Pavlović, Danijela, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Korovski suncokret (Helianthus annuus L.) je invazivna vrsta na teritoriji Republike Srbije koja izaziva značajno smanjenje prinosa u različitim poljoprivrednim kulturama. Tokom žetve suncokreta dolazi do rasipanja semena iz koga se u narednim godinama mogu razviti samonikle biljke. Ukoliko se, na određenoj površini, samonikle biljke suncokreta razvijaju duži vremenski period doći će do pojave korovskih formi ove vrste. Spontana hibridizacija korovskog suncokreta sa drugim formama suncokreta može prouzrokovati značajnu agresivnost ove invazivne vrste. Samonikle biljke suncokreta koje potiču od hibrida tolerantnih na ALS inhibitore su uglavnom nosioci gena tolerantnosti zbog čega je njihova osetljivost na herbicide značajno smanjena. Razmenom genetičkog materijala između različitih formi i tolerantnih hibrida suncokreta omogućen je transfer ALS gena koji je odgovoran za tolerantnost na herbicide ALS inhibitore na potomstvo. Poljski ogled je izveden na dva lokaliteta u okolini Požarevca, a tokom tri godine evidentirana je spontana hibridizacije između tolerantnih hibrida suncokreta (Sumo 1 PR i Rimi) i osetljivih hibrida suncokreta (hibrid Duško), samoniklog suncokreta (poreklom od osetljivog hibrida Sremac) i korovskog suncokreta.
- Published
- 2022
25. Procena aktivne rezerve semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Poznavanje i razumevanje veličine i sastava rezerve semena korovskih biljaka može pomoći kod planiranja uspešne i pravovremene strategije suzbijanja korova i procene dinamike pojave korova. Veoma je značajano imati u vidu u kom procentu će latentna biljna zajednica preći u aktivnu zajednicu. Metodom naklijavanja dobija se broj i struktura semena korovskih biljaka koja su prošla fazu mirovanja. Utvrđeno je da u monokulturi soje od ukupne procenjene rezerve semena korovskih biljaka preko 25,9% je spremno da klija, dok u tropoljnom plodoredu 23,61% semena. Najveći broj klijalih semena potiče od korovskih vrsta Chenopodium album i Chenopodium hybridum.
- Published
- 2022
26. Crop rotation influence on vertical weed seed bank
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Oveisi, Mostafa, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Oveisi, Mostafa, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Soil weed seed bank represents a latent plant community, so, the knowledge of vertical distribution and number of seeds in soil profile is one of the reliable ways to prepare the adequate weed control strategy. It is believed that the crop rotation is one of the most important agrotechnical measures which, in interaction with weed control, impact both size and composition of the weed seed bank. In a long-term stationary experiment “Plodoredi” at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia (N 45° 19', E 19° 50') a weed seed bank in wheat monoculture, two year crop rotation (winter wheat – maize) and three year crop rotation (winter wheat – soybean – maize) has been estimated. Based on a three-year successive soil sampling in depth of 0–15, 15–30 and 30–40 cm and by applying the method of physical extraction of seed it has been established that in all three crop systems the seeds are distributed in the way that the layer of 0-15 cm had most seeds. The abundance decreased gradually with the increase in depth.
- Published
- 2022
27. How do long term crop rotations influence weed populations: exploring the impacts of more than 50 years of crop management in Serbia
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Oveisi, Mostafa, Đalović, Ivica, Božić, Dragana, Pishyar, Alireza, Savić, Aleksandra, Prasad, Vara, Vrbničanin, Sava, Saulić, Markola, Saulić, Markola, Oveisi, Mostafa, Đalović, Ivica, Božić, Dragana, Pishyar, Alireza, Savić, Aleksandra, Prasad, Vara, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Crop rotation is known as an eco-friendlier approach, as provides diversification in crop management systems, modifies intensive pressure on the agricultural ecosystem, utilizes various soil horizons, and prevents the establishment of specific pests and weeds. We set out here a study on the farms that have been managed over 50 years of specific continuous crop management programs. The experimental treatments were in a different management system: monoculture of maize, winter wheat, and soybean, 2-year crop rotation (winter wheat–maize) with and without chemical fertilizer, and 3-year crop rotation (winter wheat–soybean–maize) with and without chemical fertilizer and manure. We took soil samples six times from 2014 to 2017 prior to sowing and after harvesting each year. Weed seeds were extracted from soils and identified and counted by species. We, upon the data of a long term experiment of crop rotation, could conclude that crop rotations with more crops in the sequence are significantly effective in maintaining weed populations, a low-input crop production could reach a constant low population below an important damaging density, and therefore will be a more sustainable crop production while chemical fertilizers would change the soil’s chemical and structure and imbalance the plant population diversity and manures with high weed seed infestations have the potential to totally eradicate crop rotation effects, Therefore, clean manures or compost are highly recommended.
- Published
- 2022
28. Non-Chemical Weed Control for Plant Health and Environment: Ecological Integrated Weed Management (EIWM)
- Author
-
Pavlović, Danijela, Pavlović, Danijela, Vrbničanin, Sava, Anđelković, Ana, Božić, Dragana, Rajković, Miloš, Malidža, Goran, Pavlović, Danijela, Pavlović, Danijela, Vrbničanin, Sava, Anđelković, Ana, Božić, Dragana, Rajković, Miloš, and Malidža, Goran
- Abstract
Herbicide application has long been considered the most efficient weed control method in agricultural production worldwide. However, long-term use of agrochemicals has numerous negative effects on crops and the environment. Bearing in mind these negative impacts, the EU strategy for withdrawing many herbicides from use, and modern market demands for the production of healthy and safe food, there is a need for developing new effective, sustainable, and ecological weed control measures. To bring a fresh perspective on this topic, this paper aims to describe the most important non-chemical weed control strategies, including ecological integrated weed management (EIWM), limiting weed seed bank, site-specific weed management, mechanical weeding, mulching, crop competitiveness, intercropping, subsidiary crops, green manure, and bioherbicides.
- Published
- 2022
29. Non-Chemical Weed Control for Plant Health and Environment: Ecological Integrated Weed Management (EIWM)
- Author
-
Pavlović, Danijela, primary, Vrbničanin, Sava, additional, Anđelković, Ana, additional, Božić, Dragana, additional, Rajković, Miloš, additional, and Malidža, Goran, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Estimation of active soil weed seed bank
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Subjects
korovi ,monoculture ,crop rotation ,monokultura ,seedling emergence ,rezerva semena korovskih biljaka ,weed seed bank ,weeds ,plodored ,metod naklijavanja ,soja ,soybean - Abstract
Poznavanje i razumevanje veličine i sastava rezerve semena korovskih biljaka može pomoći kod planiranja uspešne i pravovremene strategije suzbijanja korova i procene dinamike pojave korova. Veoma je značajano imati u vidu u kom procentu će latentna biljna zajednica preći u aktivnu zajednicu. Metodom naklijavanja dobija se broj i struktura semena korovskih biljaka koja su prošla fazu mirovanja. Utvrđeno je da u monokulturi soje od ukupne procenjene rezerve semena korovskih biljaka preko 25,9% je spremno da klija, dok u tropoljnom plodoredu 23,61% semena. Najveći broj klijalih semena potiče od korovskih vrsta Chenopodium album i Chenopodium hybridum. Knowledge and understanding of the size and composition of soil weed seed reserves can help in planning a successful and timely weed control strategy and assessing the dynamics of weed emergence. It is very important to have an insight into what percentage of the latent plant community will pass into the active community. The seedling emergence method gives the number and structure of seeds that have passed the dormancy phase. It was determined that in the monoculture of soybean 24.9% of seeds are ready to germinate out of the total estimated weed seed bank, while in the three-field crop rotation 23.61% of seed. The largest number of germinated seeds comes from the weed species Chenopodium album and Chenopodium hybridum.
- Published
- 2022
31. Alien plant species and factors of invasiveness of anthropogenic vegetation in the Northwestern Balkans — a phytosociological approach
- Author
-
Šilc Urban, Vrbničanin Sava, Božić Dragana, Čarni Andraž, and Stevanović Zora
- Subjects
archaeophytes ,neophytes ,regression tree ,mediterranean phytogeographical region ,continental phytogeographical region ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Variability in Early Seed Development of 26 Populations of Cuscuta campestris Yunck.: The Significance of Host, Seed Age, Morphological Trait, Light, Temperature, and Genetic Variance
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, primary, Zagorchev, Lyuben, additional, Gajić Umiljendić, Jelena, additional, Rajković, Miloš, additional, Radivojević, Ljiljana, additional, Teofanova, Denitsa, additional, Božić, Dragana, additional, and Vrbničanin, Sava, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Weeds in apple orchards and their control
- Author
-
Šikuljak, Danijela, primary, Anđelković, Ana, additional, Janković, Snežana, additional, Marisavljević, Dragana, additional, Đurović, Sanja, additional, and Vrbničanin, Sava, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Distribution and quantitative abundance of weedy sunflower Helianthus annuus L. in Serbia
- Author
-
Stojićević, Darko, primary and Vrbničanin, Sava, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. PROCENA AKTIVNE REZERVE SEMENA KOROVSKIH BILJAKA U ZEMLJIŠTU
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, primary, Đalović, Ivica, additional, Božić, Dragana, additional, and Vrbničanin, Sava, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Transfer of ALS Gene Responsible for the Tolerance to ALS Inhibiting Herbicides between Different Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Forms
- Author
-
Stojićević, Darko, Božić, Dragana, Radanović, Aleksandra, Miladinović, Dragana, Banjanac, Tijana, Pavlović, Danijela, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Subjects
other - Abstract
Weedy sunflower is an invasive plant on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, which causes high yield losses in many crops. During the harvesting of the sunflower crops the dispersal of the seeds occurs, and as a result- the volunteer plants appear next year. Weedy sunflowers originate from volunteer plants that live through a longer period in one place. Spontaneous hybridization of weedy sunflower with other sunflower forms makes them more aggressive. If the volunteer plants originate from the hybrids tolerant to ALS inhibiting herbicides, they can be the carriers of herbicide tolerance genes and thus will not be sensitive to these herbicides. The exchange of the genetic material also enables the transfer of the ALS (AHAS) gene (responsible for the tolerance to the ALS inhibiting herbicides) to the progeny. In this study we have examined the spontaneous hybridization between different sunflower forms (volunteer sunflowers, weedy sunflowers, susceptible and tolerant sunflower hybrids to ALS inhibiting herbicides) in field conditions during three years. The progeny (F1 generation), which was assumed to possess the ALS gene, was tested with the application of the recommended doses of the Express (a.i. tribenuron-methyl) and Pulsar 40 herbicides (a.i. imazamox). The significant percent of the progeny of different forms of sunflowers, survived the herbicide treatment (6-31%). Molecular analysis of the ALS gene sequence in weedy sunflower progeny confirmed gene transfer in two cases at a distance of 30 and 120 m from the gene donor, i.e. tolerant hybrid Sumo 1 PR.
- Published
- 2021
37. Critical Time for Weed Removal in Corn as Influenced by Planting Pattern and PRE Herbicides
- Author
-
Nedeljković, Dejan, primary, Knežević, Stevan, additional, Božić, Dragana, additional, and Vrbničanin, Sava, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Fizičke mere suzbijanja korova u kukuruzu i soji
- Author
-
Rajković, Miloš, Malidža, Goran, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Subjects
korovi ,kukuruz ,weeds ,Srbija ,soybean ,soja ,maize ,Serbia ,weed management ,suzbijanje korova - Abstract
Pojava rezistentnih korova, kao i ostataka herbicida u životnoj sredini, nameću potrebu za korišćenjem svih raspoloživih mera. Unapređenje postojećih i iznalaženje novih mera je od ključnog značaja za održivi sistem poljoprivredne proizvodnje. U integralnom konceptu suzbijanja korova fizičke mere nalaze svoju praktičnu primenu, kako u organskoj, tako i u konvencionalnoj biljnoj proizvodnji. U fizičke mere suzbijanja korova spadaju: mehaničke mere (ručni alati, drljače, kultivatori, četke i kosačice), pneumatske mere, termičke mere (primena infracrvenih zraka, leda, vrele vode, vodene pare, električne struje, mikrotalasa, elektrostatičkog polja, radijacije, lasera, ultraljubičastih zraka, solarne energije i primena plamena) i korišćenje malča. Od svih navedenih mera suzbijanja korova, mehaničke mere su najzastupljenije i široko primenjene u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Iako se međuredna kultivacija redovno koristi, ovom operacijom se korovi mogu suzbiti samo između redova. Za suzbijanje korova u zoni reda, moguće je primeniti drljaču sa opružnim zupcima (mehaničku meru) i otvoreni plamen u zoni reda (termičku meru). Obe operacije imaju svojih prednosti i nedostataka, a uspešnost zavisi od biljne vrste, njene faze razvoja, brojnosti i faze korova, kao i vlažnosti zemljišta.
- Published
- 2021
39. Vilina kosica: stari problem traži nova rešenja
- Author
-
Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Malidža, Goran, Božić, Dragana, Radivojević, Ljiljana, Gajić Umiljendić, Jelena, Rajković, Miloš, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Subjects
dodder ,weeds ,vilina kosica ,štete ,Cuscuta ,Serbia ,suzbijanje ,weed management ,damages - Abstract
Vilina kosica je najrasprostranjenija parazitna cvetnica u Srbiji. Za sada se može tvrditi da su ekonomski najvažnije vrste, prisutne kod nas, Cuscuta campestris Yunck. i Cuscuta epythimum L. Ove dve vrste se po načinu vezivanja za biljku domaćina razlikuju i to utiče na izbor mera njihovog suzbijanja, pa je pre svega, potrebno determinisati koja vrsta je prisutna i tome prilagoditi način suzbijanja. Imajući u vidu značaj viline kosice i štete koje može da nanese, u mnogim zemljama, takođe i kod nas, ona je svrstana u kategoriju karantinskih biljnih parazita (A2 grupa), čije je sprečavanje širenja i suzbijanje obavezno u celoj zemlji. Uprkos tome, zakonska regulativa, kojom se sprečava širenje viline kosice se nedovoljno poštuje, što ovoj parazitnoj cvetnici omogućava veću ekspanziju. Najveću pažnju treba obratiti na useve u polju. Suzbijanje viline kosice treba početi čim se uoče početna žarišta zaraze i završiti ga pre nego što vilina kosica cveta i obrazuje seme. Na jednoj biljci može se obrazovati i do 15.000 semena koje može da sačuva vitalnost u zemljištu i preko 10 godina, što predstavlja glavni mehanizam održavanja ove parazitne cvetnice u prirodi. Prisustvo viline kosice na antropogenim staništima (različiti tipovi useva i ruderalna staništa urbanih i ruralnih područja) pre više od jedne decenije u Srbiji je zabeleženo na 25% ocenjenih površina, a danas su te površine značajno uvećane. Najveće štete kod nas vilina kosica pravi kada se u velikim infestacijama javi na tek zasnovanim višegodišnjim leguminozama (lucerištima, deteliništima), koji ujedno spadaju u najčešće parazitirane useve od strane ove parazitne cvetnice. Vilina kosica je jedan od glavnih uzroka proređivanja lucerišta i može izazvati smanjenje prinosa i do 80%.
- Published
- 2021
40. Which methods are the most reliable for predict weed seed bank?
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Đalović, Ivica, Oveisi, Mostafa, Jovanović, Vladan, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Subjects
Artificial Neural Network ,seedling emergence ,weed seed bank ,physical extraction of seed - Abstract
The primary aim of the study was to estimate the weed seed bank in different management systems. Research on this topic is modestly and there are great variability in the results with similarly set experimental conditions, because of using different methods. Therefore, it was decided to use square method and to compare two methods for estimating weed seed bank: physical extraction of seed and seedling emergence method. The research was performed at the stationary long-term experiment "Plodoredi" of the Institute of Field and Vegetables Crops in Novi Sad. During three years and 6 assessment and 2-year crop rotation (winter wheat-maize) with standard application of mineral fertilizer 100 kg ha-1 N was monitored. During the first year (2014), method physical extraction of seed gave an insight that 20.100 seeds per m2, which belong to 18 weed species, persist in the entire examined soil layer (0-40 cm). Using the seedling emergence method, it was estimated only 4.625 seeds per m2, which originate from 5 weed species. During the last assessment (2017), the physical extraction, although more complicated, indicated that there were 27.075 seeds per m2 in the examined layer, i.e. 20 weed species.
- Published
- 2021
41. Stanje rezistentnosti korova na herbicide i antirezistentna strategija u Srbiji
- Author
-
Malidža, Goran, Vrbničanin, Sava, Rajković, Miloš, Božić, Dragana, Pavlović, Danijela, Konstantinović, Bojan, Jovanović-Radovanov, Katarina, and Samardžić, Nataša
- Subjects
korovi ,antirezistentna strategija ,Srbija ,A. artemisiifolia ,herbicidi ,rezistentnost ,resistance ,herbicides ,A. retroflexus ,weeds ,S. halepense ,strategy ,Serbia ,ALS inhibitori ,inhibitori ACC-aze - Abstract
Evolucija rezistentnosti korova na herbicide možda je najjača pokretačka snaga u traganju za herbicidima novih mehanizama delovanja, novih tehnologija u suzbijanju korova i promovisanje najbolje prakse za održivu proizvodnju useva. Ovaj fenomen je odličan primer brzog prilagođavanja biljaka ljudskoj aktivnosti, jer je odavno potvrđeno da rezistentnost nije problem herbicida već ponašanja njihovih korisnika. Ubediti poljoprivredne proizvođače da što ranije uvedu promene u upravljanje rezistentnošću korova, predstavlja veliki izazov i dugoročni zadatak za sve savetodavce i druge relevantne činioce u poljoprivredi. Najvažniji istraživački napori u ovoj oblasti treba da budu usmereni ka razvoju ekonomski održivih strategija za odlaganje pojave i upravljanje rezistentnošću. U Republici Srbiji do sada su potvrđeni slučajevi rezistentnosti Amaranthus retroflexus L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.,Helianthus annuus L. i Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. na ALS inhibitore, kao i S. halepense na pojedine inhibitore acetil koenzim A karboksilaze (ACC-aze) uključujući i višestruku rezistentnost ove vrste na inhibitore oba prethodno pomenuta mehanizma delovanja. Ekonomski najznačajnije korovske vrste u Srbiji su A. artemisiifolia, A. retroflexus i S. halepense rezistentni na ALS inhibitore. Procenjuje se da su ove tri korovske vrste sa svojstvom rezistentnosti na pomenute dominantne herbicide rasprostranjene na stotinama hiljada hektara, pri čemu pričinjavaju najveće štete u severnom delu Srbije.
- Published
- 2021
42. Model za simulaciju procene rezerve semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu
- Author
-
Saulić, Markola, Oveisi, Mostafa, Đalović, Ivica, Jovanović, Vladan, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Subjects
metode za procenu ,crop rotation ,Artificial Neural Network model ,assessment methods ,monokultura ,rezerva semena korovskih biljaka ,weeds ,plodored ,seeds - Abstract
Rezerve semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu sa jedne strane predstavljaju stalni izvor zakorovljenosti, dok sa druge imaju ulogu u održavanju stabilnosti ekosistema i biodiverziteta. Malobrojna istraživanja na ovu temu su pokazala veliku varijabilnost u rezultatima, u sličnim eksperimentalnim uslovima, ali pri korišćenju različitih metoda. Stoga ciljevi u ovom istraživanja su bili odabir adekvatne i precizne metode za procenu rezerve semena korovskih biljaka i pravljenje pouzdanog modela za prognoziranje dinamike pojave korovskih populacija. Istraživanja su izvedena na oglednom polju Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu (N 45°19', E 19°50') u okviru dugogodišnjeg stacioniranog ogleda „Plodoredi”, koji se smatra jednim od najstarijih eksperimenata ovog tipa na prostoru jugoistočne Evrope. U ogledu se ispitivao uticaj sistema gajenja useva na sastav rezervi semena korovskih biljaka, a potom se upoređivao trоpoljni plodored (ozima pšenica-soja-kukuruz) sa monokulturom ozime pšenice. U obe varijante primenjen je isti sistem đubrenja i to 100 kg/ha N (50 kg/ha u jesen pred osnovnu obradu i 50 kg/ha u proleće u prihrani). Za uzorkovanje zemljišta primenjen je „metod kvadrata”, kao pouzdaniji u odnosu na šahovski tip i uzorkovanje po dijagonali koji se u praksi češće koriste. Procena rezerve semena korovskih biljaka urađena je primenom dva metodološka postupka: fizička ekstrakcija semena i naklijavanje zemljišnih uzoraka.
- Published
- 2021
43. Competition between Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida: Is there a threat of a stronger competitor?
- Author
-
Savić, Aleksandra, Savić, Aleksandra, Oveisi, Mostafa, Božić, Dragana, Pavlović, Danijela, Saulić, Markola, Scharer Muller, Heinz, Vrbničanin, Sava, Savić, Aleksandra, Savić, Aleksandra, Oveisi, Mostafa, Božić, Dragana, Pavlović, Danijela, Saulić, Markola, Scharer Muller, Heinz, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Recent reports of the presence of Ambrosia trifida (AT) in areas infested by A. artemisiifolia (AA) in Serbia warn of the impending establishment of a more damaging crop weed. Here, we test the potential competitive effects of these two weed species. We conducted a field competition study in 2016 and 2017 as a replacement series experiment arranged in a split plot, with main plots (20.5 m × 2 m) at total plant densities of 10 and 100 plants/m2, and sub-plots (3 m × 2 m) at the proportion of AT to AA of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100. Individual plant biomass (IPB) for AT was lowest when grown in monoculture, while AA reached its highest IPB in its monoculture. With AT < 40%, the AT IPB was larger than (2017) or the same as AA (2016). With AT > 40%, its IPB decreased due to increased intraspecific competition. We obtained the lowest sub-plot biomass (SPB) of AT + AA in mixtures with 40:60 and 60:40 ratios, and also the highest SPB of other weed species. We show that despite a larger leaf area, AT may not fully replace AA and thus not become a new threat to crops, as it not only suffers from intraspecific competition at high densities, but also from interspecific competition with AA. Therefore, crops may benefit from a stable coexistence of both species as compared to highly dominant AT or AA. Further studies in the presence of crops are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
- Published
- 2021
44. Kompeticija vrsta Ambrosia trifida L. i Ambrosia artemisiifolia L u prirodnom ekosistemu
- Author
-
Vrbničanin, Sava, Božić, Dragana, Pavlović, Danijela, Malidža, Goran, Jarić, Snežana, Savić, Aleksandra, Vrbničanin, Sava, Božić, Dragana, Pavlović, Danijela, Malidža, Goran, Jarić, Snežana, and Savić, Aleksandra
- Abstract
i često kao pridošlice u kolonizovanim područjima prave velike štete kako po biodiverzitet autohtone flore i vegetacije tako i u biljnoj proizvodnji. Za razliku od A. artemisiifolia koja je kod nas široko rasprostranjena na poljoprivrednim i nepoljoprivrednim zemljištima, A. trifida je za sada lokalno prisutna na području Centralne Bačke. Skorija istraživanja ukazuju na potencijalnu mogućnost širenja A. trifida kod nas i u Evropi, što može biti ozbiljan rizik za agrofitocenoze i ekosistem u celini. Stoga, cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi jačina intra- i interspecijske kompeticije unutar i između A. trifida i A. artemisiifolia pri različitom odnosu njihove brojnosti u prirodnom staništu, odnosno da se proceni da li će A. trifida potisnuti A. artemisiifolia ukoliko se nađu na istom staništu, a takođe i kakve štete se mogu očekivati po useve i ekosistem. U poljskim uslovima (2016. i 2017. godine) na području Šapca, selo Dobrić, primenom modela zamenjujućih serija („Replacement design“) postavljen je ogled po potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu u četiri ponavljanja. Paralelno su rađena dva ogleda, jedan sa ukupnom brojnošću ambrozija (A. trifida + A. artemisiifolia) od 10 (mala gustina) i drugi od 100 (velika gustina) biljaka/m2 pri čemu je ispitivano šest tretmana, odnosno šest odnosa brojnosti A. trifida/A. artemisiifolia (%): 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100. Pored zadatog odnosa brojnosti ambrozija po jedinici površine ostali korovi koji su nicali nisu uklanjani da bi se utvrdio efekat interakcije A. trifida i A. artemisiifolia na njihov rast i razviće. Na osnovu vegetativnih (visina i širina biljaka, broj listova, suva masa) i generativnih parametara (broj glavica i cvetova, broj i masa semena) tokom tri ocene (jul, avgust, septembar) proučavana je inter- i intraspecijska kompeticija A. trifida i A. artemisiifolia biljaka. U drugoj eksperimentalnoj godini (2017.), usled povoljnijih meteoroloških prilika, kod obe ambrozije, u obe gustine i u svim tretma, Ambrosia trifida L. and A. artemisiifolia L. belong to allochthonous invasive weed species, and as newcomers in colonized areas, often cause great damage to the biodiversity of indigenous flora, as well as to plant production. Unlike A. artemisiifolia, which is widespread in our country on agricultural and non-agricultural land, A. trifida is currently locally present in the area of Central Bačka. Recent research indicates the potential for the spread of A. trifida in our country and Europe, which can be a serious risk for agrophytocenoses and whole ecosystems. Therefore, these studies aimed to determine the strength of intra- and interspecies competition within and between A. trifida and A. artemisiifolia, at different ratios of their presence in a natural habitat, i.e. to assess whether A. trifida will suppress A. artemisiifolia if found in the same habitat, and what level of damage to crops and ecosystems can be expected. In field conditions (during 2016 and 2017) in the area of Šabac, in village of Dobrić, a trial was set up according to the completely random block system with four repetitions, using the replacement series model (Replacement design). Two experiments were performed at the same time, one with a total number of ragweed (A. trifida + A. artemisiifolia) of 10 (low density) and the other of 100 (high density) plants/m2, where six treatments and six A. trifida/A. artemisiifolia (%) ratios were examined: 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100. In addition to the given ratio of the number of ragweeds per area unit, other weeds that sprouted were not removed to determine the effect of the interaction of A. trifida and A. artemisiifolia on their growth and development. Inter- and intraspecific competition between A. trifida and A. artemisiifolia plants were studied based on vegetative (height and width of plants, number of leaves, dry mass) and generative parameters (number of heads and flowers, number and mass of seeds), during three evaluation periods
- Published
- 2021
45. Mogućnost hemijskog suzbijanja Avena fatua L. u usevu ozime pšenice
- Author
-
Stevanović, Srđan, Stevanović, Srđan, Božić, Dragana, Jovanović-Radovanov, Katarina, Vrbničanin, Sava, Stevanović, Srđan, Stevanović, Srđan, Božić, Dragana, Jovanović-Radovanov, Katarina, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Na području centralne Srbije evidentno je značajno prisustvo uskolisnih korova, prvenstveno divljeg ovsa (Avena fatua L.) u usevima strnih žita. Jedan od mogućih pristupa u rešavanju ovog problema je upotreba specifičnih graminicida uz dodatak protektanata. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se, pored postojećih herbicidnih supstanci namenjenih suzbijanju divljeg ovsa, ispita efikasnost klodinafop-proparžila, kao nove aktivne supstance na našem tržištu, pri čemu je u ispitivanje uvršćeno i dodavanje okvašivača. Sve aktivne supstance obuhvaćene ovim ispitivanjem su primenjene u formulacijama koje sadrže klokvintocet-meksil kao protektant, mada u različitim količinama. U usevu ozime pšenice sorte NS 40 tokom 2020. godine u ataru sela Bošnjane, opština Rača, postavljen je ogled po potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu u četiri ponavljanja sa sledećim herbicidinim tretmanima: klodinafop-proparžila primenjen u količinama od 40, 50 i 60 g/ha bez okvašivača i sa 180 g/ha okvašivača izodecil alkohol etoksilat; fenoksaprop-P-etil primenjen u količini od 83 g/ha, pinoksaden primenjen u količini od 60 g/ha i kontrola bez primene herbicida. Veličina eksperimentalne parcele bila je 25 m². Primena herbicida je obavljena klipnom, pneumatskom prskalicom SOLO 425 sa četiri Lechler IDKT 020 dizne, uz utrošak vode od 400 l/ha. Tretiranje je izvedeno kada je usev bio u fazi prvog kolenca (faza 31 BBCH skale), a divlji ovas visine 10-15 cm. Brojnost korova je varirala u rasponu 47-61 biljaka/m². Ocena zakorovljenosti parcela i efikasnost primenjenih tretmana izvedena je četiri puta u razmacima od 15 dana nakon primene herbicida i to na osnovu broja korova po m². Vremenske prilike (temperatura, vlažnost vazduha i vetar) u vreme primene herbicida su bile povoljne za ispoljavanje delovanja ispitivanih herbicida. Svi ispitivani tretmani su, imajući u vidu veliku brojnost divljeg ovsa, ostvarili visok nivo efikasnosti. Najbolja efikasnost postignuta je u tretmanu u kome je klodinafop-proparžil primenjen sa o
- Published
- 2021
46. Uticaj ađuvanata i rasprskivača na suzbijanje korova u kukuruzu nikosulfuronom
- Author
-
Jovanović, Darko, Jovanović, Darko, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Brankov, Milan, Jovanović, Darko, Jovanović, Darko, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, and Brankov, Milan
- Abstract
Usled sve učestalije pojave rezistentnosti korova na herbicide kao i nedostatka novih aktivnih supstanci herbicida na tržištu u poslednje tri decenije, trend savremene zaštite bilja ide u pravcu optimizacije i usavršavanja primene postojećih herbicida kako bi oni ispoljili maksimalnu efikasnost u suzbijanju korova, čime bi se odložila pojava rezistentnosti. Ogled je postavljen 2021. godine na oglednom polju Instituta za kukuruz “Zemun Polje”. Cilj ogleda je bio da se ispita uticaj rasprskivača, ađuvanata i dva preparata herbicida nikosulfuron različitih proizvođača na njihovu efikasnost u suzbijanju korova. Ogled je postavljen kao potpuno slučajan blok sistem sa 12 tretmana, parcelom bez korova (kontrola) i zakorovljenom parcelom. Ispitivani herbicidi bili su: Motivell Extra 6 OD® (nikosulfuron 60g/l) i Talisman OD® (nikosulfuron 40g/l) primenjeni bez dodatka ađuvanata kao i sa ađuvantima u varijaciji sa dva tipa rasprskivača, u istoj količini od 45 g a.s./ha. Od ađuvanata primenjeni su: amonijum sulfat - AMS (20%N + 24%S) i nejonski surfaktant Dash® (mešavina metilestra masnih kiselina (metil-palmitat, metil-oleat, metil stearat, metil mistirat), fosfatni estar etoksiliranih masnih alkohola, oleinska kiselina i mešavina alkilbenzena). Rasprskivači korišćeni u ovom ogledu bili su: TeeJet XR11002 (Extended Range) koji proizvodi sitnije kapi bolje pokrovnosti, podložnije driftu i TeeJet TTI11002 (Turbo TeeJet Induction) koji proizvodi krupnije kapi slabije pokrovnosti, manje podložne driftu. Efikasnost herbicida ocenjivana je 21 dan nakon primene herbicida, merenjem suve mase korova. Tretmani gde su primenjivani herbicidi bez dodatka ađuvanata sa oba tipa rasprskivača imali su značajan uticaj na redukciju suve mase korova. Ipak, najveće redukcije suve mase u odnosu na kontrolu bile su u tretmanima gde je primenjivan Motivell Extra 6 OD® u kombinaciji sa ađuvantom Dash® i iznosile su 92,3% u varijanti sa XR11002 rasprskivačem, odnosno 93,5% u varijanti sa TTI11002 rasp
- Published
- 2021
47. Uticaj malčeva na suzbijanje korova i prinos pitome nane (Mentha x piperita)
- Author
-
Dragumilo, Ana, Dragumilo, Ana, Marković, Tatjana, Mrđan, Snežana, Filipović, Vladimir, Radanović, Dragoja, Vrbničanin, Sava, Božić, Dragana, Dragumilo, Ana, Dragumilo, Ana, Marković, Tatjana, Mrđan, Snežana, Filipović, Vladimir, Radanović, Dragoja, Vrbničanin, Sava, and Božić, Dragana
- Abstract
Efekat različitih malčeva na korove se ogleda u mehaničkom pritisku na površinu zemljišta onemogućavajući prodiranje svetlosti što utiče na klijanje i nicanje korova, a samim tim i na njihovo suzbijanje. Pored toga, malč utiče i na vlažnost, temperaturu i pH reakciju zemljišta, kao i na aktivnost mikroorganizama u površinskom sloju, čime se daje prednost pitomoj nani da se brže razvije u odnosu na korov, koji predstavlja jedan od glavnih problema u zasadu. Efikasnost malčeva zavisi od vrste materijala, kao i debljine korišćenog sloja. S obzirom da u našoj zemlji ne postoji lista registrovanih herbicida u ovom zasadu, mere suzbijanja korova se uglavnom sprovode korišćenjem agrotehničkih, mehaničkih i fizičkih mera. Poljski ogled je zasnovan na oglednom polju Instituta za proučavanje lekovitog bilja "Dr Josif Pančić", južni Banat. Korišćeno je 14 malčeva i to 9 organskih (slama, kora bora, piljevina bagrema, karton, iglice bora, kukuruzovina, kora bagrema, kompost 1, kompost 2) i 5 sintetičkih (biorazgradiva vodopropusna folija, pvc crna vodopropusna folija, pvc srebrno-crna folija, pvc crna folija i tkana folija). Pitoma nana je zasnovana u jesen, sadnjom stolona u redove (razmak od 0,7 m). Malčevi su postavljeni u rano proleće naredne godine u vreme nicanja pitome nane. Organski malčevi su postavljani međuredno, u širini od 0,5 m, a njihova debljina je varirala (između 5-10 cm) u zavisnosti od konzistencije malča (osim kartona koji je postavljan u neprekidnom jednoslojnom nizu). Sintetičke folije su prvo perforirane u prečniku od 10 cm, na svakih 10 cm reda i postavljene duž redova u širini od 0,7 m. Primenjen je potpuno randomizirani faktorijalni plan, u 6 ponavljanja, pri čemu je svaki bio podeljen u dva podtretmana: a) korovi u zoni reda pitome nane su uklanjani plevljenjem tokom trajanja ogleda i b) korovi uklonjeni tek pred žetvu nane. Površina jednog tretmana je iznosla 7,2 m2. U ogledu su bile uključene i tri kontrole; K1 – korov plevljen i redno i međuredno
- Published
- 2021
48. Kompetitivna sposobnost Ambrosia artemisiifolia u koasocijaciji sa Ambrosia trifida
- Author
-
Savić, Aleksandra, Savić, Aleksandra, Živanović, Danica, Lazarević, Jovan, Pavlović, Danijela, Božić, Dragana, Vrbničanin, Sava, Savić, Aleksandra, Savić, Aleksandra, Živanović, Danica, Lazarević, Jovan, Pavlović, Danijela, Božić, Dragana, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (AMBEL) predstavlja veoma značajnu korovsku vrstu koja se na području Srbije nalazi u invaziji i čest je pratilac ruralnih i urbanih površina. Pri njenoj visokoj brojnosti prinosi useva mogu biti značajno umanjeni ili potpuno uništeni. Pored AMBEL u Srbiji, u Vojvodini, lokalno je prisutna i Ambrosia trifida L. (AMBTR). Imajući u vidu njen vegetativni i generativni potencijal može se očekivati njena ekspanzija. Polazeći od pretpostavke da bi u budućnosti distribucija AMBTR mogla da zauzme veće razmere nego sada, cilj ovog istraživanja fokusiran je na ispitivanje međusobne interakcije ove dve vrste ambrozija. Da bi utvrdili vegetativnu produkciju AMBEL u koasocijaciji sa AMBTR eksperiment je postavljen po dizajnu zamenjujućih serija (potpuno slučajan blok dizajn u četiri ponavljanja) u različitom odnosu biljaka AMBEL/AMBTR: 10/0; 8/2; 6/4; 4/6; 2/8; 0/10. Vegetativni parametri (visina, širina, broj listova, suva masa) mereni su tokom jula, avgusta i septembra (2016. godine), a svi rezultati analizirani su u statističkom paketu SPSS 23.Visina biljaka AMBEL kretala se u opsegu od 35,00-50,40 cm (jul), od 68,00-95,50 cm (avgust) i od 83,75-99,80 cm (septembar). Širina biljaka AMBEL tokom jula, avgusta i septembra kretala se u opsegu od 16,06-18,75 cm, od 23,00-25,42 cm i od 24,80- 28,21 cm po istom redu ocena, dok su se kod parametra broja listova po biljci vrednosti kretale od 12,00-13,53 (jul), od 29,19-35,46 (avgust) i od 35,70-54,25 (septembar). Povećanje brojnosti AMBEL u odnosu na AMBTR uslovilo je i povećanje suve mase AMBEL po biljci. Vrednosti suve mase kretale su se u opsegu od 4,22- 6,11 g (jul), od 8,96-10,27 g (avgust) i od 7,04-19,53 g (septembar). Minimalne vrednosti parametara zabeležene su u tretmanu sa 2, a maksimalne sa 10 biljaka AMBEL/m2 što znači da je kod ove vrste ambrozije izraženija interspecijska nego intraspecijska kompeticija.
- Published
- 2021
49. Kvalitativna i kvantitativna analiza korova u usevima lekovitog bilja
- Author
-
Dragumilo, Ana, Dragumilo, Ana, Mikić, Sara, Marković, Tatjana, Gordanić, Stefan, Mrđan, Snežana, Filipović, Vladimir, Vrbničanin, Sava, Božić, Dragana, Dragumilo, Ana, Dragumilo, Ana, Mikić, Sara, Marković, Tatjana, Gordanić, Stefan, Mrđan, Snežana, Filipović, Vladimir, Vrbničanin, Sava, and Božić, Dragana
- Abstract
Poznavanje i suzbijanje korova su jedan od ključnih izazova u proizvodnji lekovitog bilja, tako da se u poslednje vreme proučavanje korovske flore i vegetacije u ovim usevima sve više aktuelizuje. Determinacija i kvantifikacija korovskih vrsta u usevu lekovitog bilja olakšava odabir odgovarajuće metode za njihovo suzbijanje. Takođe, umanjuje rizik od smanjenja prinosa i prisustva štetnih aktivnih materija iz primenjenih herbicida koje bi se mogle naći u proizvedenoj lekovitoj biljnoj sirovini. U lekovitom bilju suzbijanje korova se uglavnom vrši mehaničkim putem sa tendencijom približavanja organskoj proizvodnji, a kada je primena herbicida neizbežna, pribegava se upotrebi minimalne doze pažljivo odabranih herbicida. U ovom radu ispitivane su kvalitativne i kvantitativne osobine korova u usevima/zasadima lekovitog bilja gajenih na proizvodnim površinama Instituta za proučavanje lekovitog bilja „Dr Josif Pančić“ u Pančevu (Južni Banat). Prisutnost korovskih biljaka određena je tokom leta 2015. godine, prema Braun-Blanquet-ovoj skali (r - 1 do 2 biljke, + – malo biljaka, 1- 1 do 10%, 2- 10 do 25%, 3- 25 do 50%, u odnosu na površinu na kojoj se gaji usev) u sledećim usevima, beli slez (Althaea officinalis L. na 0,5 ha), bokvica (Plantago lanceolata L. na 1,0 ha), izop (Hyssopus officinalis L. na 0,2 ha), lan (Linum usitatissimum L. na 1,0 ha), i zasadu matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L. na 0,25 ha). Utvrđeno je prisustvo 71 korovske vrste, od toga je bilo 46 jednogodišnjih (terofite) i 25 višegodišnjih (pretežno geofite). U zavisnosti od gajene biljke, razlikovala se i prisutnost korova. Vrsta Erigeron canadensis (L.) Cronquist bila je najzastupljenija u usevu belog sleza (25-50%), dok je u zasadu matičnjaka to bila Agropyrum repens (L.) Beauv. (25-50%). Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (10-25%) je bila zastupljena u velikoj meri u usevu bokvice i lana, kao i Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. u lanu (10-25%). U usevu izopa i bokvice bio je prisutan veći broj korovskih vrsta, ali sa
- Published
- 2021
50. Anatomska i mikromorfološka građa listova Triticum aestivum L., Agropyrum repens (L) Beauv., Avena fatua L. i Lolium perenne L.
- Author
-
Rančić, Dragana, Rančić, Dragana, Stevanović, Srđan, Pećinar, Ilinka, Božić, Dragana, Jovanović-Radovanov, Katarina, Radošević, Radenko, Vrbničanin, Sava, Rančić, Dragana, Rančić, Dragana, Stevanović, Srđan, Pećinar, Ilinka, Božić, Dragana, Jovanović-Radovanov, Katarina, Radošević, Radenko, and Vrbničanin, Sava
- Abstract
Poznato je da površinske karakteristike lista, kao i njegova unutrašnja struktura, mogu biti faktori od kojih zavisi usvajanje herbicida. Ovo istraživanje je bilo fokusirano na proučavanje listova pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) i listova ekonomski štetnih uskolisnih korovskih vrsta, kao što su pirevina (Agropyrum repens (L.) Beauv.), divlji ovas (Avena fatua L.) i ljulj (Lolium perenne L.), kao osnove za bolje razumevanje značaja mikromorfoloških karakteristika, naročito broja stoma, kao i anatomskih karakteristika listova za prodiranje herbicida i posledične razlike u osetljivosti na herbicide. Uzorci pšenice kao i sve tri korovske vrste sakupljeni su u maju 2020. godine sa parcele pod usevom pšenice u selu Maovi (Šabac). Sve uzorkovane biljke su bile sa potpuno formiranim cvastima tj. neposredno pre cvetanja. Za morfoanatomsku analizu uzet je potpuno razvijen list koji se nalazi u čvoru ispod lista zastavičara. Uzeto je ukupno po deset listova od svake vrste, a iz središnjeg dela svakog lista uzet je uzorak veličine 2 cm i podeljen na dva dela. Jedna polovina korišćena je za analizu anatomske građe, pri čemu su, nakon procedure kalupljenja u parafin, sečenja i bojenja, dobijeni poprečni preseci sa kojih je merena debljina epidermisa i debljina mezofila. Druga polovina korišćena je za mikromorfološka ispitivanja tako što su lice i naličje lista tretirani providnim lakom za nokte, a otisci površine su preneti na mikroskopske pločice pomoću lepljive trake. Na osnovu ovih otisaka utvrđen je broj stoma po jedinici površine (gustina). Svi mikroskopski preparati su analizirani pomoću mikroskopa Leica DM2000 i snimljeni kamerom Leica DFC320. Merenja na digitalnim fotografijama su vršena u softverskom paketu Leica IM1000, a zatim je urađena statistička analiza dobijenih vrednosti. Utvrđeno je da su listovi svih ispitivanih vrsta amfistomatični. Najveći broj stoma na licu lista zabeležen je kod pirevine i ljulja, dok je kod pšenice i divljeg ovsa gustina stoma bila dvostruk
- Published
- 2021
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.