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2. The Short-Term Impact of Educational Programs on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship among Veterinary Students in Serbia.

Author

Kovačević, Zorana, Čudina, Nikola, Pećin, Marko, Samardžija, Marko, Pajić, Marko, Pintarić, Selma, Vlahek, Ivan, Ružić, Zoran, Vračar, Vuk, Galić, Ivan, and Horvat, Olga

Subjects
STUDENT attitudes, PHYSICIANS, VETERINARIANS, ANTIMICROBIAL stewardship, VETERINARY students
Abstract

Simple Summary: The resistance to antimicrobial drugs is a growing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Adequate and responsible use of antimicrobial drugs is crucial in combating this threat. Identifying the gaps in knowledge and attitudes, and ensuring the appropriate education of future doctors of veterinary medicine on this matter, are prerequisites for ensuring the efficacy of these drugs in future. This study evaluated the impact of an additional educational program in the form of a symposium on the knowledge and attitudes of veterinary students in Serbia regarding the responsible use of antimicrobial drugs. When compared with their baseline knowledge and attitudes, attending the educational program improved the knowledge and attitudes of Serbian veterinary students which shows the benefits and importance of integrating targeted educational programs into veterinary curricula. Effective antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is crucial for combating the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in veterinary medicine. Educational programs targeting veterinary students can play a significant role in shaping their knowledge and attitudes toward antimicrobial use and stewardship. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of educational programs on the knowledge and attitudes regarding AMS among veterinary students in Serbia. A structured educational program on AMS was implemented for veterinary students at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad. Pre- and post-symposium assessments were conducted to measure changes in students' knowledge and attitudes. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and focus groups, to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The study resulted in significant short-term improvements in students' knowledge of AMS principles and their attitudes toward responsible antimicrobial use. Participants demonstrated a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and the importance of adhering to stewardship guidelines. Qualitative feedback indicated increased awareness of the consequences of inappropriate antimicrobial use and a stronger commitment to applying stewardship practices in their future careers. The educational programs effectively enhanced immediate veterinary students' knowledge and attitudes regarding AMS. These findings underscore the importance of integrating targeted educational programs into veterinary curricula to promote responsible antimicrobial use and combat resistance in veterinary practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Severe heartworm disease in two dogs cured by an alternative therapy

Author

Spasojević-Kosić Ljubica, Lalošević Vesna, Potkonjak Aleksandar, Simin Stanislav, Kuruca Ljiljana, and Vračar Vuk

Subjects
alternative therapy, heartworm, heart failure, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

The objective of this paper is to describe two cases of heartworm disease in dogs presented with ascites and dyspnea. A diagnosis of mixed infection with both Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis) and Dirofilaria repens (D. repens) was established in the first case, while D. immitis was detected in the other dog. Based on clinical, parasitological, laboratory and radiographic examinations, the diagnosis of severe stage heartworm disease (HWD) was established because both dogs were in heart failure due to HWD. An alternative therapeutic protocol with combined doxycycline and ivermectin was used as an antiparasitic treatment in both cases. No microfilariae were detected after 30 and 60 days, and no antigen to D. immitis was detected after 8 and 12 months in the first and second case, respectively. Based on the clinical examinations and parasitological testing performed, the two dogs were considered cured of HWD by this alternative therapy.

Published
2020
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5. Citoplazmatske kapi spermatozoida nerastova – abnormalnost ili fiziološka pojava?

Author

Galić, Ivan, Stančić, Ivan, Apić, Jelena, Maletić, Milan, Barna, Tomislav, Vračar, Vuk, Rodić, Stevan, Galić, Ivan, Stančić, Ivan, Apić, Jelena, Maletić, Milan, Barna, Tomislav, Vračar, Vuk, and Rodić, Stevan

Abstract

Reprodukcija svinja danas predstavlja osetljivo polje delovanja veterinarske službe koje značajno utiče na profitabilnost svinjarske proizvodnje. Bez obzira na ovu činjenicu, neki standardni pregledi razređenog semena nerastova kroz duži vremenski period predstavljaju nezamenljiv način kontrole kvaliteta dobijenog ejakulata. Cito-morfološki pregled izvodi se u svrhu procene učestalosti pojavljivanja abnormalno građenih spermatozoida. Citoplazmaske kapi javljaju se na srednjem delu spermatozoida, a po mestu lokacije, dele se na proksimalne i distalne. Distalne citoplazmatske kapi ukazuju na nezrelost spermatozoida, rano uvođenje mladih nerastova u reproduktivnu eksploataciju, prekomerno iskorišćavanje priplodnjaka ili pak posledično pojavljivanje ovakvih spermatozoida kao odgovor na ambijentalne oscilacije ili druge zdravstvene probleme vezane za nerasta. Ovaj rad predstavlja istraživanje koje je sprovedeno na nerastovima (n=30), durok i landras rasne pripadnosti. Eksperimentalna grupa životinja dobijala je peroralno zajedno sa kompletnom smešom za ishranu, dodatak preparata sa antioksidativnim potencijalom. Za potrebe bojenja spermatozoida korišćena je modifikovana metoda ‚‚u jednom koraku” (Mortimer, 1994; Jovičin i sar., 2012). Primena dvofaktorske ANOVE za ponovljena merenja pokazala je da nema statistički značajne razlike između kontrolne i eksperimentalne grupe nerastova u nalazima citoplazmatskih kapi spermatozoida (%) (F(7, 112)= 1,65, p= 0,13) u odabranim vremenskim tačkama. Iako nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika, ovakav rezultat, odnosno konstanta u broju ovakvih spermatozoida nerastova označava i ujednačenost uslova pod kojim je ekseriment sproveden.

Published
2023

6. Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory findings in hunting dogs with serologic reactions to tick-borne pathogens (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Ricketsia conorii)

Author

Spasojević-Kosić Ljubica, Savić Sara, Potkonjak Aleksandar, and Vračar Vuk

Subjects
hunting dogs, ticks, infective diseases, clinicopathological findings, serology, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Seroprevalence of tick-borne infections in endemic areas could be high. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of tick-borne pathogens (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia conorii) in hunting dogs, naturally infected with one or more pathogens. Serological test results of the investigated animals were compared to those from clinical examination, as well as from haematological and biochemical analyses. A total of 74.14% dogs were seropositive (R.conorii 44.83%, B. canis 32.76%, B. burgdorferi 25.86%, E. canis 13.79%, A. phagocytophilum 8.47%), with 25.86% of dogs seropositive to two pathogens, 15.52% seropositive to three pathogens, and 1.72% of dogs seropositive to four pathogens. Among all registered clinical signs, only pyrexia (p

Published
2015
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9. Serological response of piglets vaccinated against swine circovirus infections

Author

Stevančević Ognjen, Stojanac Nenad, Potkonjak Aleksandar, Toholj Bojan, Stančić Ivan, and Vračar Vuk

Subjects
PCV2, immunostimulant (immunostimulators), antibodies, piglets, vaccine, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of immunostimulants to the height of antibody titers specific to PCV2 after vaccination of piglets, based on monitoring the class G antibody titers in piglets and fattening pigs. The experiment was conducted on 60 piglets, divided into two groups of 30 ones each. Both groups were vaccinated on the 21st day of age, and to the second group (group B) immunostimulant was added in food. Three weeks after the vaccination had been performed in the experimental groups, average titer in the population of piglets in group B was 10% higher compared to the average titer in group A, and 7 weeks after the vaccination, average titer values were also higher in group B (EU 1589) compared to group A (1440 EU). Homogeneous immune response and higher average titer values of antibodies against PCV2 after vaccination in group B were probably the result of the use of immuniostimulant containing RNA, nucleotides and nucleotide precursors that are necessary for the synthesis of antibodies.

Published
2014
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10. The occurrence of Trichophytosis among people and cattle on a farm in Vojvodina, Serbia

Author

Potkonjak Aleksandar S., Lako Branislav L., Vračar Vuk S., Jovanović Marina A., Čanak Grozdana J., Suvajdžić Ljiljana Đ., and Milanov Dubravka S.

Subjects
Bovines, dermatophytosis, people, trichophythosis, Trichophyton, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Dermatophytoses are frequent contagious fungal skin diseases that affect the skin of people and animals. Zoophile dermatophytes pose a significant problem for both human and veterinary medicine, and they are especially present among bovines. In this paper we showed a simultaneous occurrence of trichophytosis among professionally exposed people and bovines on a farm in Vojvodina, Serbia. The tested samples (skin scrapings and hair) originating from people and animals, were positive for Trichophyton verrucosum dermatophyte which was determined by applying a direct microscopic examination of the smears, as well as the isolation and identification of the agents.

Published
2013
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11. Prevalence of G class antibodies to antigens of lyme disease causes in dogs in Vojvodina, Serbia

Author

Potkonjak Aleksandar, Savić Sara, Vračar Vuk, Rnjak Dušan, Tikvicki Mario, Obrenović Sonja, and Lako Branislav

Subjects
Borrelia burgdorferi, lyme disease, seroprevalence, dogs, Vojvodina, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Lyme disease is a multisystemic disease, zoonotic in nature, caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. In the continent of Europe, these spirochetes are predominantly transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Small mammals and birds have particular significance as reservoirs of the cause of lyme disease. The objective of these epidemiological investigations was to determine the value of IgG seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and to secure the geographic distribution of seropositive dogs in Vojvodina. The investigations covered 135 dogs that were not vaccinated against lyme disease. The indirect ELISA test was used to determine IgG prevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens. Reactive blood serums of dogs were tested again using the rapid immunochromatographic and immunoblot test. A seroprevalence of G class antibodies to antigens of lyme disease causes of 8.1% (11/135) was established in the examined dog population of Vojvodina. The biggest number of positive results was recorded for the South Bačka District. The presented value for the seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in the dog population indicates the exhistence of a significant risk of humans becoming infected with the cause of lyme disease in Vojvodina.

Published
2013
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12. CONFIRMATION OF THE PRESENCE OF STEC IN DOGS FROM SERBIA USING THE VEROCYTOTOXIC CELL ASSAY.

Author

Vračar, Vuk, Vujin, Dragana, Lalošević, Dušan, Mitrović, Jana, and Lalošević, Vesna

Subjects
DISEASE risk factors, ESCHERICHIA coli, DOGS, CERCOPITHECUS aethiops, FOODBORNE diseases
Abstract

Copyright of Veterinary Review / Veterinarski Pregled is the property of University of Novia Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022

13. Combating Anthelmintic Resistance in Ruminants: A Serbian Perspective

Author

Simin, Stanislav, Živković, Nebojša, Pušić, Ivan, Stojanov, Igor, BECSKEI, Zsolt, Lalošević, Vesna, Vračar, Vuk, Štrbac, Filip, Ratajac, Radomir, Rinaldi, Laura, Sotiraki, Smaragda, Charlier, Johannes, Simin, Stanislav, Živković, Nebojša, Pušić, Ivan, Stojanov, Igor, BECSKEI, Zsolt, Lalošević, Vesna, Vračar, Vuk, Štrbac, Filip, Ratajac, Radomir, Rinaldi, Laura, Sotiraki, Smaragda, and Charlier, Johannes

Abstract

Heavy reliance on anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of grazing ruminants, led to the emergence of anthelmintic resistance (AR), a well known global problem to sustainable animal production, health and welfare. Ruminant producers in Serbia are seldomly aware of the serious losses that GIN can cause. Although resistance of Trichostrongylus spp. to ivermectin (IVM) was detected earlier in sheep, they rarely know about the existence of AR. To address the AR issue in a new manner, several Serbian researchers attended COMBAR training schools (TSs) and short term scientific missions (STSMs) in order to acquire new skills for improved diagnostics and control of GIN, such as the application of the Mini FLOTAC technique and the conduct of faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs) for monitoring anthelmintic efficacy. Using Mini FLOTAC, a set of small scale surveys was performed, to monitor GIN in grazing cattle (50 animals from 5 herds) and assess anthelmintic efficacy in sheep (11 farms tested for IVM, 3 farms tested for levamisole (LEV)) and goats (one farm tested for IVM, eprinomectin (EPR) and albendazole (ALB)). Results showed low levels of GIN infection in cattle (average 13 eggs per gram (epg), range 5-95 epg). In the goat farm, resistance to EPR and IVM was detected (percentage of egg reductions= 83 and 92%, respectively), while ALB retained full efficacy. Regarding sheep, AR to IVM was established in 8 farms (73%), with egg reductions ranging from 55 to 92%, while LEV showed full efficacy against GIN. An STSM supported the evaluation of essential oils from Serbian native plants against GIN using in vitro studies and showed promising results. Overall, COST Action COMBAR is contributing to sustainable parasite control in Serbia through training researchers in new research practices.

Published
2021

15. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from faeces of dogs

Author

Vračar, Vuk, Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Spasojević-Kosić, Ljubica, Lalošević, Vesna, Rogan, Dragan, and Mišić, Dušan

Subjects
STEC, Escherichia coli, psi, Republika Srbija, antibiotska rezistencija, dijagnostika
Abstract

Šiga toksin produkujuće Escherichia coli (STEC) čine jednu od šest grupa dijarejagenih E. coli. Na svjetskom nivou, infekcija izazvana STEC najčešći je uzrok akutne renalne insuficijencije kod djece i starijih osoba. Kako su psi prepoznati kao rezervoari STEC, blizak kontakt ljudi i pasa predstavlja rizik za zoonotsku transmisiju ovih bakterija. U Republici Srbiji, osim ograničenog broja istraživanja o prisustvu STEC kod domaćih životinja i ljudi nema dostupnih literaturnih podataka o istraživanjima ove grupe E. coli kod pasa. Stoga, cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se dokaže prisustvo i utvrdi prevalencija STEC u populaciji pasa s teritorije grada Novog Sada, izvrši tipizacija i molekulrna karakterizacija sojeva E. coli izolovanih iz fecesa pasa i utvrdi prisustvo rezistentnih sojeva E. coli. U ovo istraživanje bio je uključen 101 pas s teritorije Novog Sada, a kao materijal korišćeni su uzorci fecesa pasa. U cilju izolacije E. coli iz fecesa pasa primijenjeni su standardni bakteriološki metodi izolacije i biohemijske identifikacije, a potvrda pripadnosti vrsti izvršena je korišćenjem matricom potpomognute laserske desorpcije/jonizacije-vrijeme preleta masene spektrometrije (MALDI-TOF MS). Za utvrđivanje prisustva STEC kod pasa primijenjeni su metodi lateks aglutinacije za serogrupu O157, direktne aglutinacije za serogrupe “velike šestorke” O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 i O145, test verocitotoksičnosti (VCA), imunoenzimski test (ELISA), kao i lančana reakcija polimeraze (PCR). Antibiotska rezistencija utvrđena je disk difuzionim metodom prema standardima EUCAST i CLSI. U ovom istraživanju, po prvi put u Republici Srbiji, dokazano je prisustvo STEC u populaciji pasa. Primjenom VCA metoda ustanovljena je prevalencija od 1,98%, dok je primjenom ELISA i PCR metoda ustanovljena prevalencija od 5,94% odnosno 4,95%. Dva izolata E. coli pripadala su nekoj od serogrupa “velike šestorke” STEC, dok prisustvo sojeva iz serogrupe O157 nije utvrđeno. U ispitivanoj populaciji pasa utvrđeno je prisustvo sojeva E. coli rezistentnih na jedan ili više korišćenih antibiotika, kao i jednog multirezistentnog izolata. Najviše izolata E. coli pokazalo je rezistenciju na ampicilin (22,5%), dok nijedan izolat nije pokazao rezistenciju na gentamcin. Pozitivna povezanost utvrđena je između stila života psa i prisustva STEC. Naime, značajno veća prevalencija STEC, u odnosu na vlasničke pse, zabilježena je kod pasa lutalica, što je vjerovatno posljedica neograničene slobode kretanja, a time i češćeg kontakta s kontaminiranom hranom i vodom kao izvorom STEC. Nalaz STEC i izolata E. coli rezistentnih na antibiotike kod pasa od značaja je kako s aspekta male kliničke prakse tako i s aspekta javnog zdravlja u Republici Srbiji. Datum Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains constitute one of six groups of diarrheagenic E. coli. Infection caused by STEC is the most common cause of acute renal failure in young children and elderly people worldwide. As dogs are recognized as a reservoir for STEC, the close contact between humans and dogs poses a risk for zoonotic transmission of these bacteria. Except scarce studies of STEC in humans and domestic animals, there are no available data about this E. coli group in dogs in the Republic of Serbia. Therefore the aim of this doctoral dissertation was to determine the presence and prevalence of STEC in the dog populaton in the area of Novi Sad, to perform typing and molecular characterization of E. coli strains isolated from faeces of dogs, as well to determine the presence of antibiotic resistant E. coli strains. In total 101 dogs from the area of Novi Sad was included in this research. As the material fecal samples of dogs were used. In order to isolate E. coli strains from faeces standard methods of bacterial isolation and biochemical identification were used, and for the confirmation of species identity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used. In order to determine the presence of STEC in dogs latex agglutination for the serogroup O157, direct agglutination for “big six” serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145), Vero cell cytotoxicity assay (VCA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disc diffusion method according to the EUCAST and CLSI guidelines. In this research, for the first time in the Republic of Serbia, the presence of STEC has been proven in the dog population. By VCA method the prevalence of 1,98% was determined, while by ELISA and PCR the determined prevalence was 5,94% and 4,95% respectively. Two E. coli isolates belonged to some of the STEC “big six” serogroups, while none of the isolates belonged to O157 serogroup. Furthermore, in the dog population included in this research, the presence of strains resistant to one or more of used antibiotics was determined, as well as the presence of one multiresistant strain. Most of the E coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (22,5%), while every of the isolates showed susceptibility to gentamicin. In this research significant association between lifestyle of dogs and STEC harbouring. That is to say, significantly higher STEC prevalence was noticed in stray dogs in comparison to pet dogs, what is likely due to unlimited freedom of movement and thereby more frequent contact with contaminated water and food as sources of STEC. Finding of STEC and E. coli strains resistant to antibiotics in dog population is of importance not just in small animal practice, but also in terms of public health in the Republic of Serbia.

Published
2018

16. TI Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from faeces of dogs

Author

Vračar, Vuk, Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Spasojević-Kosić, Ljubica, Lalošević, Vesna, Rogan, Dragan, and Mišić, Dušan

Subjects
Escherichia coli, STEC, psi, dijagnostika, antibiotska rezistencija, Republika Srbija
Abstract

Šiga toksin produkujuće Escherichia coli (STEC) čine jednu od šest grupa dijarejagenih E. coli. Na svjetskom nivou, infekcija izazvana STEC najčešći je uzrok akutne renalne insuficijencije kod djece i starijih osoba. Kako su psi prepoznati kao rezervoari STEC, blizak kontakt ljudi i pasa predstavlja rizik za zoonotsku transmisiju ovih bakterija. U Republici Srbiji, osim ograničenog broja istraživanja o prisustvu STEC kod domaćih životinja i ljudi nema dostupnih literaturnih podataka o istraživanjima ove grupe E. coli kod pasa. Stoga, cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se dokaže prisustvo i utvrdi prevalencija STEC u populaciji pasa s teritorije grada Novog Sada, izvrši tipizacija i molekulrna karakterizacija sojeva E. coli izolovanih iz fecesa pasa i utvrdi prisustvo rezistentnih sojeva E. coli. U ovo istraživanje bio je uključen 101 pas s teritorije Novog Sada, a kao materijal korišćeni su uzorci fecesa pasa. U cilju izolacije E. coli iz fecesa pasa primijenjeni su standardni bakteriološki metodi izolacije i biohemijske identifikacije, a potvrda pripadnosti vrsti izvršena je korišćenjem matricom potpomognute laserske desorpcije/jonizacije-vrijeme preleta masene spektrometrije (MALDI-TOF MS). Za utvrđivanje prisustva STEC kod pasa primijenjeni su metodi lateks aglutinacije za serogrupu O157, direktne aglutinacije za serogrupe “velike šestorke” O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 i O145, test verocitotoksičnosti (VCA), imunoenzimski test (ELISA), kao i lančana reakcija polimeraze (PCR). Antibiotska rezistencija utvrđena je disk difuzionim metodom prema standardima EUCAST i CLSI. U ovom istraživanju, po prvi put u Republici Srbiji, dokazano je prisustvo STEC u populaciji pasa. Primjenom VCA metoda ustanovljena je prevalencija od 1,98%, dok je primjenom ELISA i PCR metoda ustanovljena prevalencija od 5,94% odnosno 4,95%. Dva izolata E. coli pripadala su nekoj od serogrupa “velike šestorke” STEC, dok prisustvo sojeva iz serogrupe O157 nije utvrđeno. U ispitivanoj populaciji pasa utvrđeno je prisustvo sojeva E. coli rezistentnih na jedan ili više korišćenih antibiotika, kao i jednog multirezistentnog izolata. Najviše izolata E. coli pokazalo je rezistenciju na ampicilin (22,5%), dok nijedan izolat nije pokazao rezistenciju na gentamcin. Pozitivnapovezanost utvrđena je između stila života psa i prisustva STEC. Naime, značajno veća prevalencija STEC, u odnosu na vlasničke pse, zabilježena je kod pasa lutalica, što je vjerovatno posljedica neograničene slobode kretanja, a time i češćeg kontakta s kontaminiranom hranom i vodom kao izvorom STEC. Nalaz STEC i izolata E. coli rezistentnih na antibiotike kod pasa od značaja je kako s aspekta male kliničke prakse tako i s aspekta javnog zdravlja u Republici Srbiji.Datum, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains constitute one of six groups of diarrheagenic E. coli. Infection caused by STEC is the most common cause of acute renal failure in young children and elderly people worldwide. As dogs are recognized as a reservoir for STEC, the close contact between humans and dogs poses a risk for zoonotic transmission of these bacteria. Except scarce studies of STEC in humans and domestic animals, there are no available data about this E. coli group in dogs in the Republic of Serbia. Therefore the aim of this doctoral dissertation was to determine the presence and prevalence of STEC in the dog populaton in the area of Novi Sad, to perform typing and molecular characterization of E. coli strains isolated from faeces of dogs, as well to determine the presence of antibiotic resistant E. coli strains. In total 101 dogs from the area of Novi Sad was included in this research. As the material fecal samples of dogs were used. In order to isolate E. coli strains from faeces standard methods of bacterial isolation and biochemical identification were used, and for the confirmation of species identity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used. In order to determine the presence of STEC in dogs latex agglutination for the serogroup O157, direct agglutination for “big six” serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145), Vero cell cytotoxicity assay (VCA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disc diffusion method according to the EUCAST and CLSI guidelines. In this research, for the first time in the Republic of Serbia, the presence of STEC has been proven in the dog population. By VCA method the prevalence of 1,98% was determined, while by ELISA and PCR the determined prevalence was 5,94% and 4,95% respectively. Two E. coli isolates belonged to some of the STEC “big six” serogroups, while none of the isolates belonged to O157 serogroup. Furthermore, in the dog population included in this research, the presence of strains resistant to one or more of used antibiotics was determined, as well as the presence of one multiresistant strain.Most of the E coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (22,5%), while every of the isolates showed susceptibility to gentamicin. In this research significant association between lifestyle of dogs and STEC harbouring. That is to say, significantly higher STEC prevalence was noticed in stray dogs in comparison to pet dogs, what is likely due to unlimited freedom of movement and thereby more frequent contact with contaminated water and food as sources of STEC. Finding of STEC and E. coli strains resistant to antibiotics in dog population is of importance not just in small animal practice, but also in terms of public health in the Republic of Serbia.

Published
2018

17. Fenotipske i genotipske karakteristike Escherichia coli izolovanih iz fecesa pasa

Author

Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Spasojević-Kosić, Ljubica, Lalošević, Vesna, Rogan, Dragan, Mišić, Dušan, Vračar, Vuk, Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Spasojević-Kosić, Ljubica, Lalošević, Vesna, Rogan, Dragan, Mišić, Dušan, and Vračar, Vuk

Abstract

Šiga toksin produkujuće Escherichia coli (STEC) čine jednu od šest grupa dijarejagenih E. coli. Na svjetskom nivou, infekcija izazvana STEC najčešći je uzrok akutne renalne insuficijencije kod djece i starijih osoba. Kako su psi prepoznati kao rezervoari STEC, blizak kontakt ljudi i pasa predstavlja rizik za zoonotsku transmisiju ovih bakterija. U Republici Srbiji, osim ograničenog broja istraživanja o prisustvu STEC kod domaćih životinja i ljudi nema dostupnih literaturnih podataka o istraživanjima ove grupe E. coli kod pasa. Stoga, cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se dokaže prisustvo i utvrdi prevalencija STEC u populaciji pasa s teritorije grada Novog Sada, izvrši tipizacija i molekulrna karakterizacija sojeva E. coli izolovanih iz fecesa pasa i utvrdi prisustvo rezistentnih sojeva E. coli. U ovo istraživanje bio je uključen 101 pas s teritorije Novog Sada, a kao materijal korišćeni su uzorci fecesa pasa. U cilju izolacije E. coli iz fecesa pasa primijenjeni su standardni bakteriološki metodi izolacije i biohemijske identifikacije, a potvrda pripadnosti vrsti izvršena je korišćenjem matricom potpomognute laserske desorpcije/jonizacije-vrijeme preleta masene spektrometrije (MALDI-TOF MS). Za utvrđivanje prisustva STEC kod pasa primijenjeni su metodi lateks aglutinacije za serogrupu O157, direktne aglutinacije za serogrupe “velike šestorke” O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 i O145, test verocitotoksičnosti (VCA), imunoenzimski test (ELISA), kao i lančana reakcija polimeraze (PCR). Antibiotska rezistencija utvrđena je disk difuzionim metodom prema standardima EUCAST i CLSI. U ovom istraživanju, po prvi put u Republici Srbiji, dokazano je prisustvo STEC u populaciji pasa. Primjenom VCA metoda ustanovljena je prevalencija od 1,98%, dok je primjenom ELISA i PCR metoda ustanovljena prevalencija od 5,94% odnosno 4,95%. Dva izolata E. coli pripadala su nekoj od serogrupa “velike šestorke” STEC, dok prisustvo sojeva iz serogrupe O157 nije utvrđeno. U ispitivanoj popul, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains constitute one of six groups of diarrheagenic E. coli. Infection caused by STEC is the most common cause of acute renal failure in young children and elderly people worldwide. As dogs are recognized as a reservoir for STEC, the close contact between humans and dogs poses a risk for zoonotic transmission of these bacteria. Except scarce studies of STEC in humans and domestic animals, there are no available data about this E. coli group in dogs in the Republic of Serbia. Therefore the aim of this doctoral dissertation was to determine the presence and prevalence of STEC in the dog populaton in the area of Novi Sad, to perform typing and molecular characterization of E. coli strains isolated from faeces of dogs, as well to determine the presence of antibiotic resistant E. coli strains. In total 101 dogs from the area of Novi Sad was included in this research. As the material fecal samples of dogs were used. In order to isolate E. coli strains from faeces standard methods of bacterial isolation and biochemical identification were used, and for the confirmation of species identity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used. In order to determine the presence of STEC in dogs latex agglutination for the serogroup O157, direct agglutination for “big six” serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145), Vero cell cytotoxicity assay (VCA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disc diffusion method according to the EUCAST and CLSI guidelines. In this research, for the first time in the Republic of Serbia, the presence of STEC has been proven in the dog population. By VCA method the prevalence of 1,98% was determined, while by ELISA and PCR the determined prevalence was 5,94% and 4,95% respectively. Two E. coli isolates belonged to some of the STEC “big six” serogroups, while

Published
2018

18. Occurrence of Bartonella Henselae, Felv and Fiv Infection in 60 Stray Cats from Serbia/Pojava Bartonella Henselae, Felv I Fiv Infekcije Kod 60 Uličnih Mačaka U Srbiji

Author

Bacić Dragan, Stančić Ivan, Stevančević Ognjen, Potkonjak Aleksandar, Vračar Vuk, Ristić Zoran, Cincović Marko, Toholj Bojan, and Spasojević Kosić Ljubica

Subjects
Feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus, Bartonella henselae, CATS, General Veterinary, biology, Veterinary medicine, cats, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Feline leukemia virus, coinfection, 3. Good health, Serology, Antigen, SF600-1100, Coinfection, medicine, Seroprevalence, feline immunodeficiency virus, bartonella henselae
Abstract

Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi koinfekcija uzročnicima Bartonella henselae, virus imunodefi cijencije mačaka i virus leukemije mačaka, kod uličnih mačaka s područja Novog Sada i Beograda, Srbija. Od svake od ukupno 60 jedinki uključenih u istraživanje uzeti su uzorci pune venske krvi. Paralelno s uzimanjem uzoraka obavljen je klinički pregled mačaka i sačinjena je epidemiološka anketa. Krvni serumi izdvojeni su centrifugiranjem i serološki su testirani u cilju utvrđivanja prisustva specifi čnih antitela na uzročnike Bartonella henselae (testom indirektne imunofl uorescencije-IFA) i virus mačije imunodefi cijencije (FIV) (brzim testom SNAP Combo), kao i antigena virusa leukemije mačaka (FeLV) (brzim testom SNAP Combo). Od 60 krvnih seruma mačaka, serološki pregledanih korišćenjem IFA testa, 33 (55%) je bilo pozitivno na prisustvo specifi čnih IgG antitela na antigene uzročnika Bartonella henselae. Od 60 ispitivanih uzoraka seruma mačaka, 13 je dalo pozitivnu reakciju na prisustvo specifi čnih antitela na antigene FIV. Niti u jednom od 60 ispitivanih uzoraka seruma nije utvđeno prisustvo antigena FeLV. Od 33 krvna seruma mačaka, u kojima je ustanovljeno prisustvo specifi čnih IgG antitela na B. henselae, 6 krvnih seruma dalo je pozitivnu reakciju i na prisustvo specifi čnih IgG antitela na uzročnika virusne imunodefi cijencije mačaka, što predstavlja seroprevalenciju koinfekcije od 10% u ukupnoj populaciji ispitivanih mačaka. Rezultati dobijeni u ovom istraživanju ukazuju na prisustvo koinfekcije uzročnicima Bartonella henselae i FIV kod mačaka u Srbiji, bez FeLV pozitivnih jedinki. Evidentan je porast manifestacije kliničkih simptoma kod mačaka kod kojih je primenom seroloških testova utvrđena koinfekcija izazvana uzročnicima B. henselae i FIV, u poređenju sa mačkama kod kojih je ustanovljena infekcija izazvana samo uzročnikom B. henselae.

Published
2014

20. Molecular Detection and Serological Evidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Serbia

Author

Potkonjak, Aleksandar, primary, Petrović, Tamaš, additional, Ristanović, Elizabeta, additional, Lalić, Ivica, additional, Vračar, Vuk, additional, Savić, Sara, additional, Turkulov, Vesna, additional, Čanak, Grozdana, additional, Milošević, Vesna, additional, Vidanović, Dejan, additional, Jurišić, Aleksandar, additional, Petrović, Aleksandra, additional, and Petrović, Vladimir, additional

Published
2017
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21. Occurrence of Bartonella henselae, FeLV and FIV infection in 60 stray cats from Serbia

Author

Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Vračar, Vuk, Stančić, Ivan, Spasojević-Kosić, Ljubica, Bacić, Dragan, Cincović, Marko, Toholj, Bojan, Stevančević, Ognjen, and Ristić, Zoran

Subjects
feline leukaemia virus, Bartonella henselae, cats, feline immunodeficiency virus, coinfection
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of coinfection with pathogens Bartonella henselae, feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline leukemia virus in stray cats from the area of Novi Sad and Belgrade, Serbia. Each of 60 individual cats was clinically examined and the blood sampled. Therewithal an epidemiological survey was made. Blood sera were separated by centrifugation and serologically tested in order to determine the presence of Bartonella henselae specific antibodies (by direct immunofluorescence assay), feline immunodeficiency virus specific antibodies (by rapid test SNAP Combo) and feline leukemia virus antigens (by rapid test SNAP Combo). Of the 60 cat sera, serologically examined using IFA test, 33 (55%) were positive for the presence of IgG specific to B. henselae antigens. A total of 13 (27%) of the 60 tested cat sera were positive for the presence of specific antibodies to FIV antigens. None of the 60 tested cat sera were positive for the presence of FeLV antigen. Of the 33 cat sera which contained IgG antibodies to B. henselae, 6 cat sera also gave a positive reaction to the presence of specific IgG antibodies to FIV; this was a coinfection seroprevalence of 10% in the total population of studied cats. The results obtained in this study indicate the presence of B. henselae and FIV coinfection in cats from Serbia, without FeLV positive cats. An increase in the manifestations of clinical symptoms in cats in which the serological tests determined coinfection with B. henselae and FIV is evident compared to those seropositive only to B. henselae. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi koinfekcija uzročnicima Bartonella henselae, virus imunodeficijencije mačaka i virus leukemije mačaka, kod uličnih mačaka s područja Novog Sada i Beograda, Srbija. Od svake od ukupno 60 jedinki uključenih u istraživanje uzeti su uzorci pune venske krvi. Paralelno s uzimanjem uzoraka obavljen je klinički pregled mačaka i sačinjena je epidemiološka anketa. Krvni serumi izdvojeni su centrifugiranjem i serološki su testirani u cilju utvrđivanja prisustva specifičnih antitela na uzročnike Bartonella henselae (testom indirektne imunofl uorescencije-IFA) i virus mačije imunodeficijencije (FIV) (brzim testom SNAP Combo), kao i antigena virusa leukemije mačaka (FeLV) (brzim testom SNAP Combo). Od 60 krvnih seruma mačaka, serološki pregledanih korišćenjem IFA testa, 33 (55%) je bilo pozitivno na prisustvo specifičnih IgG antitela na antigene uzročnika Bartonella henselae. Od 60 ispitivanih uzoraka seruma mačaka, 13 je dalo pozitivnu reakciju na prisustvo specifičnih antitela na antigene FIV. Niti u jednom od 60 ispitivanih uzoraka seruma nije utvrđeno prisustvo antigena FeLV. Od 33 krvna seruma mačaka, u kojima je ustanovljeno prisustvo specifičnih IgG antitela na B. henselae, 6 krvnih seruma dalo je pozitivnu reakciju i na prisustvo specifičnih IgG antitela na uzročnika virusne imunodeficijencije mačaka, što predstavlja seroprevalenciju koinfekcije od 10% u ukupnoj populaciji ispitivanih mačaka. Rezultati dobijeni u ovom istraživanju ukazuju na prisustvo koinfekcije uzročnicima Bartonella henselae i FIV kod mačaka u Srbiji, bez FeLV pozitivnih jedinki. Evidentan je porast manifestacije kliničkih simptoma kod mačaka kod kojih je primenom seroloških testova utvrđena koinfekcija izazvana uzročnicima B. henselae i FIV, u poređenju sa mačkama kod kojih je ustanovljena infekcija izazvana samo uzročnikom B. henselae.

Published
2014

22. Occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ixodes ricinus Ticks with First Identification of Borrelia miyamotoi in Vojvodina, Serbia

Author

Potkonjak, Aleksandar, primary, Kleinerman, Gabriela, additional, Gutiérrez, Ricardo, additional, Savić, Sara, additional, Vračar, Vuk, additional, Nachum-Biala, Yaarit, additional, Jurišić, Aleksandar, additional, Rojas, Alicia, additional, Petrović, Aleksandra, additional, Ivanović, Ivana, additional, Harrus, Shimon, additional, and Baneth, Gad, additional

Published
2016
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24. Prevalencija antitela klase G na antigene uzročnika lajmske bolesti kod pasa u Vojvodini, Srbija

Author

Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Savić, Sara, Vračar, Vuk, Rnjak, Dušan, Tikvicki, Mario, Obrenović, Sonja, and Lako, Branislav

Subjects
dogs, seroprevalence, seroprevalencija, Borrelia burgdorferi, Vojvodina, psi, bacterial infections and mycoses, lyme disease, lajmska bolest
Abstract

Lyme disease is a multisystemic disease, zoonotic in nature, caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. In the continent of Europe, these spirochetes are predominantly transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Small mammals and birds have particular significance as reservoirs of the cause of lyme disease. The objective of these epidemiological investigations was to determine the value of IgG seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and to secure the geographic distribution of seropositive dogs in Vojvodina. The investigations covered 135 dogs that were not vaccinated against lyme disease. The indirect ELISA test was used to determine IgG prevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens. Reactive blood serums of dogs were tested again using the rapid immunochromatographic and immunoblot test. A seroprevalence of G class antibodies to antigens of lyme disease causes of 8.1% (11/135) was established in the examined dog population of Vojvodina. The biggest number of positive results was recorded for the South Bačka District. The presented value for the seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in the dog population indicates the exhistence of a significant risk of humans becoming infected with the cause of lyme disease in Vojvodina. Lajmska bolest je multisistemsko oboljenje, zoonoznog karaktera, izazvano uzročnikom Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. Ove spirohete se na evropskom kontinentu dominantno prenose krpeljima iz roda Ixodes. Poseban epidemiološki značaj imaju mali sisari i ptice kao rezervoari uzročnika lajmske bolesti. Cilj ovog epidemiološ kog istraživanja je da se utvrdi vrednost seroprevalencije IgG na Borrelia burgdorferi i sagleda geografska distribucija seropozitivnih pasa u Vojvodini. U ispitivanje je bilo uključeno 135 pasa koji nisu vakcinisani protiv lajmske bolesti. Za utvrđivanje prevalencije IgG na antigene Borrelia burgdorferi korišćen je indirektni ELISA test. Reaktivni krvni serumi pasa su ponovo testirani primenom brzog imunohromatografskog i imunoblot testa. Ustanovljena je seroprevalencija antitela klase G na antigene uzročnika lajmske bolesti od 8,1% (11/135) u populaciji pasa na području Vojvodine. Najveći broj pozitivnih rezultata je zabeležen u Južnobačkom okrugu. Navedena vrednost seroprevalencije anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antitela u populaciji pasa ukazuje na postojanje značajnog rizika za infekciju kod ljudi izazvanu uzročnikom lajmske bolesti u Vojvodini.

Published
2013

25. ONE HEALTH – CONCEPT FOR TODAY AND TOMORROW

Author

Savić, Sara, primary, Vidić, Branka, additional, Ćirković, Miroslav, additional, Petrović, Tamaš, additional, Bošković, Tamara, additional, Bugarski, Dejan, additional, Trajković Pavlović, Ljiljana, additional, Potkonjak, Aleksandar, additional, Vračar, Vuk, additional, and Uhlenhopp, Eldon, additional

Published
2015
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29. Prevalence of G class antibodies to antigens of lyme disease causes in dogs in Vojvodina, Serbia

Author

Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Savić, Sara, Vračar, Vuk, Rnjak, Dušan, Tikvicki, Mario, Obrenović, Sonja, Lako, Branislav, Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Savić, Sara, Vračar, Vuk, Rnjak, Dušan, Tikvicki, Mario, Obrenović, Sonja, and Lako, Branislav

Abstract

Lyme disease is a multisystemic disease, zoonotic in nature, caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. In the continent of Europe, these spirochetes are predominantly transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Small mammals and birds have particular significance as reservoirs of the cause of lyme disease. The objective of these epidemiological investigations was to determine the value of IgG seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and to secure the geographic distribution of seropositive dogs in Vojvodina. The investigations covered 135 dogs that were not vaccinated against lyme disease. The indirect ELISA test was used to determine IgG prevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens. Reactive blood serums of dogs were tested again using the rapid immunochromatographic and immunoblot test. A seroprevalence of G class antibodies to antigens of lyme disease causes of 8.1% (11/135) was established in the examined dog population of Vojvodina. The biggest number of positive results was recorded for the South Bačka District. The presented value for the seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in the dog population indicates the exhistence of a significant risk of humans becoming infected with the cause of lyme disease in Vojvodina., Lajmska bolest je multisistemsko oboljenje, zoonoznog karaktera, izazvano uzročnikom Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. Ove spirohete se na evropskom kontinentu dominantno prenose krpeljima iz roda Ixodes. Poseban epidemiološki značaj imaju mali sisari i ptice kao rezervoari uzročnika lajmske bolesti. Cilj ovog epidemiološ kog istraživanja je da se utvrdi vrednost seroprevalencije IgG na Borrelia burgdorferi i sagleda geografska distribucija seropozitivnih pasa u Vojvodini. U ispitivanje je bilo uključeno 135 pasa koji nisu vakcinisani protiv lajmske bolesti. Za utvrđivanje prevalencije IgG na antigene Borrelia burgdorferi korišćen je indirektni ELISA test. Reaktivni krvni serumi pasa su ponovo testirani primenom brzog imunohromatografskog i imunoblot testa. Ustanovljena je seroprevalencija antitela klase G na antigene uzročnika lajmske bolesti od 8,1% (11/135) u populaciji pasa na području Vojvodine. Najveći broj pozitivnih rezultata je zabeležen u Južnobačkom okrugu. Navedena vrednost seroprevalencije anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antitela u populaciji pasa ukazuje na postojanje značajnog rizika za infekciju kod ljudi izazvanu uzročnikom lajmske bolesti u Vojvodini.

Published
2013

31. The seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

Author

Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Vračar, Vuk, Savić, Sara, Lako, Branislav, Radosavljević, Vladimir, Cincović, Marko, Suvajdžić, Ljiljana, Jurišić, Aleksandar, and Petrović, Aleksandra

Abstract

The article discusses a study which determined the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G to the agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a disease transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes genus, in the population of dogs in Vojvodina, Serbia. Topics include the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, epidemiological findings regarding the seropositivity of dogs, and lack of gender predisposition to the canine infection caused by A. phagocytophilum.

Published
2015

32. Clinical case series of nine patients with tuberculousmeningitis in the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, AP Vojvodina, Serbia 2001-2010.

Author

Doder, Radoslava, Čanak, Grozdana, Mikić, Sandra Stefan, Sević, Siniša, Potkonjak, Aleksandar, Doder, Dragan, and Vračar, Vuk

Subjects
*TUBERCULOSIS, *MENINGITIS, *TUBERCULOSIS risk factors, *CEREBROSPINAL fluid, *NEURORADIOLOGY, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *PATIENTS
Abstract

Aim To determine immediate risk factors of developing tuberculous meningitis, to assess the practical importance of clinical signs and findings in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when opting for the specific therapy, and to predict the outcome of disease in relation to the beginning of treatment. Methods A retrospective clinical case series of nine patients with tuberculous meningitis who were treated from April 2001 until November 2010 at the Department of Infectious Diseases in Novi Sad, Serbia was presented. Data of patients' medical records and presentation of clinical and laboratory features, neuroradiological-findings and outcome were used. Results The factors of immediate risk/predisposition for the development of tuberculous meningitis were found in two (22.2%) patients. The duration of symptoms prior to admission was 9 days on average (from 3 to 20 days). The most frequent symptoms on admission were headache and fever in eight (88.9%) patients, whereas two patients (22.2%) were presented with stiff neck and photophobia. Consciousness was preserved in six patients (66.7%), two patients were somnolent and one was in coma. Two (22.2%) patients had concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. Neuroradiological signs of the disease were present in two patients. Conclusion The duration of symptoms before admission, clinical examination and CSF analysis can be helpful in identifying patients who are at high risk of developing tuberculous meningitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

33. The Short-Term Impact of Educational Programs on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship among Veterinary Students in Serbia.

Author

Kovačević Z, Čudina N, Pećin M, Samardžija M, Pajić M, Pintarić S, Vlahek I, Ružić Z, Vračar V, Galić I, and Horvat O

Abstract

Effective antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is crucial for combating the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in veterinary medicine. Educational programs targeting veterinary students can play a significant role in shaping their knowledge and attitudes toward antimicrobial use and stewardship. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of educational programs on the knowledge and attitudes regarding AMS among veterinary students in Serbia. A structured educational program on AMS was implemented for veterinary students at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad. Pre- and post-symposium assessments were conducted to measure changes in students' knowledge and attitudes. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and focus groups, to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The study resulted in significant short-term improvements in students' knowledge of AMS principles and their attitudes toward responsible antimicrobial use. Participants demonstrated a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and the importance of adhering to stewardship guidelines. Qualitative feedback indicated increased awareness of the consequences of inappropriate antimicrobial use and a stronger commitment to applying stewardship practices in their future careers. The educational programs effectively enhanced immediate veterinary students' knowledge and attitudes regarding AMS. These findings underscore the importance of integrating targeted educational programs into veterinary curricula to promote responsible antimicrobial use and combat resistance in veterinary practice.

Published
2024
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34. Molecular Detection and Serological Evidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Serbia.

Author

Potkonjak A, Petrović T, Ristanović E, Lalić I, Vračar V, Savić S, Turkulov V, Čanak G, Milošević V, Vidanović D, Jurišić A, Petrović A, and Petrović V

Subjects
Animals, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne genetics, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne epidemiology, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne virology, Humans, Phylogeny, Serbia epidemiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Serologic Tests, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne isolation & purification, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne veterinary, Ixodes virology
Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonotic flaviviral infection that is a growing public health concern in European countries. The aims of this research were to detect and characterize tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Ixodes ricinus ticks at presumed natural foci in Serbia, and to determine seroprevalence of TBEV IgG antibodies in humans and animals. A total of 500 I. ricinus ticks were examined for the presence of TBEV by real-time RT-PCR, and conventional nested PCR and sequencing. To determine TBEV seroprevalence, 267 human sera samples were collected, as were 200 sera samples from different animal species. All sera samples were examined by ELISA for the presence of anti-TBEV antibodies. To exclude cross-reactivity, all sera samples were tested for anti-West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies and all human sera samples were also tested for anti-Usutu virus antibodies by ELISA. Results of this preliminary study indicated TBEV activity in Serbia at two microfoci. Several decades after the previous documentation of TBEV in Serbia, we have demonstrated the presence of TBEV in I. ricinus questing nymphs (prevalence 2% and 6.6% at the two different localities) and anti-TBEV antibodies in humans (seroprevalence 0.37%). Moreover, we show for the first time TBEV seroprevalence in several animal species in Serbia, including dogs (seroprevalence 17.5%), horses (5%), wild boars (12.5%), cattle (2.5%), and roe deer (2.5%). None of the goats tested was positive for anti-TBEV IgG antibodies. TBEV isolate from I. ricinus tick in this study belonged to the Western European subtype. To understand the true public health concern in Serbia, detailed epidemiological, clinical, virological, and acarological research are required. This is important for implementation of effective control measures to reduce the incidence of TBE in Serbia.

Published
2017
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35. Occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ixodes ricinus Ticks with First Identification of Borrelia miyamotoi in Vojvodina, Serbia.

Author

Potkonjak A, Kleinerman G, Gutiérrez R, Savić S, Vračar V, Nachum-Biala Y, Jurišić A, Rojas A, Petrović A, Ivanović I, Harrus S, and Baneth G

Subjects
Animals, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Dog Diseases parasitology, Dogs, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serbia epidemiology, Tick Infestations epidemiology, Tick Infestations parasitology, Tick Infestations veterinary, Borrelia burgdorferi Group isolation & purification, Ticks microbiology
Abstract

Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne infectious disease in Eurasia. Borrelia miyamotoi is the only known relapsing fever Borrelia group spirochete transmitted by Ixodes species. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Lyme Borrelia spp. and relapsing fever Borrelia spp. in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from dogs and the vegetation from different parts of Vojvodina, Serbia. A total of 71 Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected and screened for the presence of Lyme Borrelia spp. group and relapsing fever Borrelia spp. by real-time PCR for the Borrelia flagellin B (flaB) gene followed by DNA sequencing of PCR products. Species identification was verified by PCR of the outer surface protein A (ospA) gene for Lyme Disease Borrelia spp. and by PCR of the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpQ) gene for relapsing fever Borrelia spp. Lyme Borrelia spp. were found in 15/71 (21.13%) of the ticks evaluated and included B. luisitaniae (11.3%), B. afzelii (7%), B. valaisiana (1.4%), and B. garinii (1.4%). Borrelia miyamotoi, from the relapsing fever Borrelia complex, was found, for the first time in Serbia, in one (1.4%) nymph collected from the environment. Co-infections between Borrelia species in ticks were not detected. These results suggest that the dominance of species within B. burgdorferi s.l. complex in I. ricinus ticks may vary over time and in different geographic regions. Further systematic studies of Borrelia species in vectors and reservoir hosts are needed to understand eco-epidemiology of these zoonotic infections and how to prevent human infection in the best way.

Published
2016
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