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2. Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms

Author

Zuntini, Alexandre R., Carruthers, Tom, Maurin, Olivier, Bailey, Paul C., Leempoel, Kevin, Brewer, Grace E., Epitawalage, Niroshini, Françoso, Elaine, Gallego-Paramo, Berta, McGinnie, Catherine, Negrão, Raquel, Roy, Shyamali R., Simpson, Lalita, Toledo Romero, Eduardo, Barber, Vanessa M. A., Botigué, Laura, Clarkson, James J., Cowan, Robyn S., Dodsworth, Steven, Johnson, Matthew G., Kim, Jan T., Pokorny, Lisa, Wickett, Norman J., Antar, Guilherme M., DeBolt, Lucinda, Gutierrez, Karime, Hendriks, Kasper P., Hoewener, Alina, Hu, Ai-Qun, Joyce, Elizabeth M., Kikuchi, Izai A. B. S., Larridon, Isabel, Larson, Drew A., de Lírio, Elton John, Liu, Jing-Xia, Malakasi, Panagiota, Przelomska, Natalia A. S., Shah, Toral, Viruel, Juan, Allnutt, Theodore R., Ameka, Gabriel K., Andrew, Rose L., Appelhans, Marc S., Arista, Montserrat, Ariza, María Jesús, Arroyo, Juan, Arthan, Watchara, Bachelier, Julien B., Bailey, C. Donovan, Barnes, Helen F., Barrett, Matthew D., Barrett, Russell L., Bayer, Randall J., Bayly, Michael J., Biffin, Ed, Biggs, Nicky, Birch, Joanne L., Bogarín, Diego, Borosova, Renata, Bowles, Alexander M. C., Boyce, Peter C., Bramley, Gemma L. C., Briggs, Marie, Broadhurst, Linda, Brown, Gillian K., Bruhl, Jeremy J., Bruneau, Anne, Buerki, Sven, Burns, Edie, Byrne, Margaret, Cable, Stuart, Calladine, Ainsley, Callmander, Martin W., Cano, Ángela, Cantrill, David J., Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M., Carlsen, Mónica M., Carruthers, Abigail J. A., de Castro Mateo, Alejandra, Chase, Mark W., Chatrou, Lars W., Cheek, Martin, Chen, Shilin, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Christin, Pascal-Antoine, Clements, Mark A., Coffey, Skye C., Conran, John G., Cornejo, Xavier, Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Cowie, Ian D., Csiba, Laszlo, Darbyshire, Iain, Davidse, Gerrit, Davies, Nina M. J., Davis, Aaron P., van Dijk, Kor-jent, Downie, Stephen R., Duretto, Marco F., Duvall, Melvin R., Edwards, Sara L., Eggli, Urs, Erkens, Roy H. J., Escudero, Marcial, de la Estrella, Manuel, Fabriani, Federico, Fay, Michael F., Ferreira, Paola de L., Ficinski, Sarah Z., Fowler, Rachael M., Frisby, Sue, Fu, Lin, Fulcher, Tim, Galbany-Casals, Mercè, Gardner, Elliot M., German, Dmitry A., Giaretta, Augusto, Gibernau, Marc, Gillespie, Lynn J., González, Cynthia C., Goyder, David J., Graham, Sean W., Grall, Aurélie, Green, Laura, Gunn, Bee F., Gutiérrez, Diego G., Hackel, Jan, Haevermans, Thomas, Haigh, Anna, Hall, Jocelyn C., Hall, Tony, Harrison, Melissa J., Hatt, Sebastian A., Hidalgo, Oriane, Hodkinson, Trevor R., Holmes, Gareth D., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Jackson, Christopher J., James, Shelley A., Jobson, Richard W., Kadereit, Gudrun, Kahandawala, Imalka M., Kainulainen, Kent, Kato, Masahiro, Kellogg, Elizabeth A., King, Graham J., Klejevskaja, Beata, Klitgaard, Bente B., Klopper, Ronell R., Knapp, Sandra, Koch, Marcus A., Leebens-Mack, James H., Lens, Frederic, Leon, Christine J., Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne, Lewis, Gwilym P., Li, De-Zhu, Li, Lan, Liede-Schumann, Sigrid, Livshultz, Tatyana, Lorence, David, Lu, Meng, Lu-Irving, Patricia, Luber, Jaquelini, Lucas, Eve J., Luján, Manuel, Lum, Mabel, Macfarlane, Terry D., Magdalena, Carlos, Mansano, Vidal F., Masters, Lizo E., Mayo, Simon J., McColl, Kristina, McDonnell, Angela J., McDougall, Andrew E., McLay, Todd G. B., McPherson, Hannah, Meneses, Rosa I., Merckx, Vincent S. F. T., Michelangeli, Fabián A., Mitchell, John D., Monro, Alexandre K., Moore, Michael J., Mueller, Taryn L., Mummenhoff, Klaus, Munzinger, Jérôme, Muriel, Priscilla, Murphy, Daniel J., Nargar, Katharina, Nauheimer, Lars, Nge, Francis J., Nyffeler, Reto, Orejuela, Andrés, Ortiz, Edgardo M., Palazzesi, Luis, Peixoto, Ariane Luna, Pell, Susan K., Pellicer, Jaume, Penneys, Darin S., Perez-Escobar, Oscar A., Persson, Claes, Pignal, Marc, Pillon, Yohan, Pirani, José R., Plunkett, Gregory M., Powell, Robyn F., Prance, Ghillean T., Puglisi, Carmen, Qin, Ming, Rabeler, Richard K., Rees, Paul E. J., Renner, Matthew, Roalson, Eric H., Rodda, Michele, Rogers, Zachary S., Rokni, Saba, Rutishauser, Rolf, de Salas, Miguel F., Schaefer, Hanno, Schley, Rowan J., Schmidt-Lebuhn, Alexander, Shapcott, Alison, Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan, Shepherd, Kelly A., Simmons, Mark P., Simões, André O., Simões, Ana Rita G., Siros, Michelle, Smidt, Eric C., Smith, James F., Snow, Neil, Soltis, Douglas E., Soltis, Pamela S., Soreng, Robert J., Sothers, Cynthia A., Starr, Julian R., Stevens, Peter F., Straub, Shannon C. K., Struwe, Lena, Taylor, Jennifer M., Telford, Ian R. H., Thornhill, Andrew H., Tooth, Ifeanna, Trias-Blasi, Anna, Udovicic, Frank, Utteridge, Timothy M. A., Del Valle, Jose C., Verboom, G. Anthony, Vonow, Helen P., Vorontsova, Maria S., de Vos, Jurriaan M., Al-Wattar, Noor, Waycott, Michelle, Welker, Cassiano A. D., White, Adam J., Wieringa, Jan J., Williamson, Luis T., Wilson, Trevor C., Wong, Sin Yeng, Woods, Lisa A., Woods, Roseina, Worboys, Stuart, Xanthos, Martin, Yang, Ya, Zhang, Yu-Xiao, Zhou, Meng-Yuan, Zmarzty, Sue, Zuloaga, Fernando O., Antonelli, Alexandre, Bellot, Sidonie, Crayn, Darren M., Grace, Olwen M., Kersey, Paul J., Leitch, Ilia J., Sauquet, Hervé, Smith, Stephen A., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Forest, Félix, and Baker, William J.

Published
2024
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7. Identifying gaps in the photographic record of the vascular plant flora of the Americas

Author

Pitman, Nigel C. A., Suwa, Tomomi, Ulloa Ulloa, Carmen, Miller, James, Solomon, James, Philipp, Juliana, Vriesendorp, Corine F., Derby Lewis, Abigail, Perk, Sinem, Bonnet, Pierre, Joly, Alexis, Tobler, Mathias W., Best, Jason H., Janovec, John P., Nixon, Kevin C., Thiers, Barbara M., Tulig, Melissa, Gilbert, Edward E., Campostrini Forzza, Rafaela, Zimbrão, Geraldo, Ranzato Filardi, Fabiana Luiza, Turner, Robert, Zuloaga, Fernando O., Belgrano, Manuel J., Zanotti, Christian A., de Vos, Jurriaan M., Hettwer Giehl, Eduardo L., Paine, C. E. Timothy, Texeira de Queiroz, Rubens, Romoleroux, Katya, and Hilo de Souza, Everton

Published
2021
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8. Unveiling the Genome-Wide Consequences of Range Expansion and Mating System Transitions in Primula vulgaris.

Author

Mora-Carrera, Emiliano, Stubbs, Rebecca L, Potente, Giacomo, Yousefi, Narjes, Aeschbacher, Simon, Keller, Barbara, Choudhury, Rimjhim Roy, Celep, Ferhat, Kochjarová, Judita, Vos, Jurriaan M de, Szövényi, Peter, and Conti, Elena

Subjects
GLACIAL Epoch, COLONIZATION (Ecology), GENETIC variation, LINKAGE disequilibrium, PLANT evolution
Abstract

Genetic diversity is heterogeneously distributed among populations of the same species, due to the joint effects of multiple demographic processes, including range contractions and expansions, and mating systems shifts. Here, we ask how both processes shape genomic diversity in space and time in the classical Primula vulgaris model. This perennial herb originated in the Caucasus region and was hypothesized to have expanded westward following glacial retreat in the Quaternary. Moreover, this species is a long-standing model for mating system transitions, exemplified by shifts from heterostyly to homostyly. Leveraging a high-quality reference genome of the closely related Primula veris and whole-genome resequencing data from both heterostylous and homostylous individuals from populations encompassing a wide distribution of P. vulgaris , we reconstructed the demographic history of P. vulgaris. Results are compatible with the previously proposed hypothesis of range expansion from the Caucasus region approximately 79,000 years ago and suggest later shifts to homostyly following rather than preceding postglacial colonization of England. Furthermore, in accordance with population genetic theoretical predictions, both processes are associated with reduced genetic diversity, increased linkage disequilibrium, and reduced efficacy of purifying selection. A novel result concerns the contrasting effects of range expansion versus shift to homostyly on transposable elements, for the former, process is associated with changes in transposable element genomic content, while the latter is not. Jointly, our results elucidate how the interactions among range expansion, transitions to selfing, and Quaternary climatic oscillations shape plant evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Heterostyly accelerates diversification via reduced extinction in primroses

Author

de Vos, Jurriaan M, Hughes, Colin E, Schneeweiss, Gerald M, Moore, Brian R, and Conti, Elena

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Crop and Pasture Production, Evolutionary Biology, Biotechnology, Biodiversity, Biological Evolution, Chloroplast Proteins, Extinction, Biological, Flowers, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Primulaceae, Reproduction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, angiosperm evolution, heterostyly, phylogenetic methods, plant breeding system, speciation, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

The exceptional species diversity of flowering plants, exceeding that of their sister group more than 250-fold, is especially evident in floral innovations, interactions with pollinators and sexual systems. Multiple theories, emphasizing flower-pollinator interactions, genetic effects of mating systems or high evolvability, predict that floral evolution profoundly affects angiosperm diversification. However, consequences for speciation and extinction dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate trajectories of species diversification focusing on heterostyly, a remarkable floral syndrome where outcrossing is enforced via cross-compatible floral morphs differing in placement of their respective sexual organs. Heterostyly evolved at least 20 times independently in angiosperms. Using Darwin's model for heterostyly, the primrose family, we show that heterostyly accelerates species diversification via decreasing extinction rates rather than increasing speciation rates, probably owing to avoidance of the negative genetic effects of selfing. However, impact of heterostyly appears to differ over short and long evolutionary time-scales: the accelerating effect of heterostyly on lineage diversification is manifest only over long evolutionary time-scales, whereas recent losses of heterostyly may prompt ephemeral bursts of speciation. Our results suggest that temporal or clade-specific conditions may ultimately determine the net effects of specific traits on patterns of species diversification.

Published
2014

17. Different molecular changes underlie the same phenotypic transition: Origins and consequences of independent shifts to homostyly within species

Author

Mora-Carrera, Emiliano; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-4265, Stubbs, Rebecca L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7386-2830, Keller, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-8938, Léveillé‐Bourret, Étienne, de Vos, Jurriaan M, Szövényi, Péter; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0324-4639, Conti, Elena; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-2071, Mora-Carrera, Emiliano; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-4265, Stubbs, Rebecca L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7386-2830, Keller, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-8938, Léveillé‐Bourret, Étienne, de Vos, Jurriaan M, Szövényi, Péter; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0324-4639, and Conti, Elena; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-2071

Abstract

The repeated transition from outcrossing to selfing is a key topic in evolutionary biology. However, the molecular basis of such shifts has been rarely examined due to lack of knowledge of the genes controlling these transitions. A classic example of mating system transition is the repeated shift from heterostyly to homostyly. Occurring in 28 angiosperm families, heterostyly is characterized by the reciprocal position of male and female sexual organs in two (or three) distinct, usually self-incompatible floral morphs. Conversely, homostyly is characterized by a single, self-compatible floral morph with reduced separation of male and female organs, facilitating selfing. Here, we investigate the origins of homostyly in Primula vulgaris and its microevolutionary consequences by integrating surveys of the frequency of homostyles in natural populations, DNA sequence analyses of the gene controlling the position of female sexual organs (CYPᵀ), and microsatellite genotyping of both progeny arrays and natural populations characterized by varying frequencies of homostyles. As expected, we found that homostyles displace short-styled individuals, but long-style morphs are maintained at low frequencies within populations. We also demonstrated that homostyles repeatedly evolved from short-styled individuals in association with different types of loss-of- function mutations in CYPᵀ. Additionally, homostyly triggers a shift to selfing, promoting increased inbreeding within and genetic differentiation among populations. Our results elucidate the causes and consequences of repeated transitions to homostyly within species, and the putative mechanisms precluding its fixation in P. vulgaris. This study represents a benchmark for future analyses of losses of heterostyly in other angiosperms.

Published
2023

18. Phylogenomic analyses of Sapindales support new family relationships, rapid Mid-Cretaceous Hothouse diversification, and heterogeneous histories of gene duplication

Author

Joyce, Elizabeth M., primary, Appelhans, Marc S., additional, Buerki, Sven, additional, Cheek, Martin, additional, de Vos, Jurriaan M., additional, Pirani, José R., additional, Zuntini, Alexandre R., additional, Bachelier, Julien B., additional, Bayly, Michael J., additional, Callmander, Martin W., additional, Devecchi, Marcelo F., additional, Pell, Susan K., additional, Groppo, Milton, additional, Lowry, Porter P., additional, Mitchell, John, additional, Siniscalchi, Carolina M., additional, Munzinger, Jérôme, additional, Orel, Harvey K., additional, Pannell, Caroline M., additional, Nauheimer, Lars, additional, Sauquet, Hervé, additional, Weeks, Andrea, additional, Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., additional, Leitch, Ilia J., additional, Maurin, Olivier, additional, Forest, Félix, additional, Nargar, Katharina, additional, Thiele, Kevin R., additional, Baker, William J., additional, and Crayn, Darren M., additional

Published
2023
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19. Inter- and intra-island speciation and their morphological and ecological correlates in Aeonium (Crassulaceae), a species-rich Macaronesian radiation

Author

Messerschmid, Thibaud F E, primary, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, additional, Bañares Baudet, Ángel, additional, Brilhante, Miguel A, additional, Eggli, Urs, additional, Hühn, Philipp, additional, Kadereit, Joachim W, additional, dos Santos, Patrícia, additional, de Vos, Jurriaan M, additional, and Kadereit, Gudrun, additional

Published
2023
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21. Different molecular changes underlie the same phenotypic transition: Origins and consequences of independent shifts to homostyly within species

Author

Mora-Carrera, Emiliano, Stubbs, Rebecca L, Keller, Barbara, Léveillé‐Bourret, Étienne, de Vos, Jurriaan M, Szövényi, Péter, Conti, Elena, University of Zurich, Mora-Carrera, Emiliano, and Conti, Elena

Subjects
10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 1311 Genetics, Ecology, Behavior and Systematics, Evolution, Genetics, 580 Plants (Botany), 10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center
Published
2023
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33. Different molecular changes underlie the same phenotypic transition: Origins and consequences of independent shifts to homostyly within species.

Author

Mora‐Carrera, Emiliano, Stubbs, Rebecca L., Keller, Barbara, Léveillé‐Bourret, Étienne, de Vos, Jurriaan M., Szövényi, Peter, and Conti, Elena

Subjects
GENITALIA, DNA sequencing, SPECIES, POPULATION differentiation, PRIMROSES
Abstract

The repeated transition from outcrossing to selfing is a key topic in evolutionary biology. However, the molecular basis of such shifts has been rarely examined due to lack of knowledge of the genes controlling these transitions. A classic example of mating system transition is the repeated shift from heterostyly to homostyly. Occurring in 28 angiosperm families, heterostyly is characterized by the reciprocal position of male and female sexual organs in two (or three) distinct, usually self‐incompatible floral morphs. Conversely, homostyly is characterized by a single, self‐compatible floral morph with reduced separation of male and female organs, facilitating selfing. Here, we investigate the origins of homostyly in Primula vulgaris and its microevolutionary consequences by integrating surveys of the frequency of homostyles in natural populations, DNA sequence analyses of the gene controlling the position of female sexual organs (CYPᵀ), and microsatellite genotyping of both progeny arrays and natural populations characterized by varying frequencies of homostyles. As expected, we found that homostyles displace short‐styled individuals, but long‐style morphs are maintained at low frequencies within populations. We also demonstrated that homostyles repeatedly evolved from short‐styled individuals in association with different types of loss‐of‐function mutations in CYPᵀ. Additionally, homostyly triggers a shift to selfing, promoting increased inbreeding within and genetic differentiation among populations. Our results elucidate the causes and consequences of repeated transitions to homostyly within species, and the putative mechanisms precluding its fixation in P. vulgaris. This study represents a benchmark for future analyses of losses of heterostyly in other angiosperms. see also the Perspective by Deborah Charlesworth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. Implications of Incongruence between Gene Tree and Species Tree Topologies for Divergence Time Estimation.

Author

Carruthers, Tom, Sun, Miao, Baker, William J, Smith, Stephen A, Vos, Jurriaan M de, and Eiserhardt, Wolf L

Subjects
TIME perception, HORIZONTAL gene transfer, SPECIES, FOSSILS
Abstract

Phylogenetic analyses are increasingly being performed with data sets that incorporate hundreds of loci. Due to incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, and horizontal gene transfer, the gene trees for these loci may often have topologies that differ from each other and from the species tree. The effect of these topological incongruences on divergence time estimation has not been fully investigated. Using a series of simulation experiments and empirical analyses, we demonstrate that when topological incongruence between gene trees and the species tree is not accounted for, the temporal duration of branches in regions of the species tree that are affected by incongruence is underestimated, whilst the duration of other branches is considerably overestimated. This effect becomes more pronounced with higher levels of topological incongruence. We show that this pattern results from the erroneous estimation of the number of substitutions along branches in the species tree, although the effect is modulated by the assumptions inherent to divergence time estimation, such as those relating to the fossil record or among-branch-substitution-rate variation. By only analyzing loci with gene trees that are topologically congruent with the species tree, or only taking into account the branches from each gene tree that are topologically congruent with the species tree, we demonstrate that the effects of topological incongruence can be ameliorated. Nonetheless, even when topologically congruent gene trees or topologically congruent branches are selected, error in divergence time estimates remains. This stems from temporal incongruences between divergence times in species trees and divergence times in gene trees, and more importantly, the difficulty of incorporating necessary assumptions for divergence time estimation. [Divergence time estimation; gene trees; species tree; topological incongruence.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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40. Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation

Author

Thomson, Scott A., primary, Pyle, Richard L., additional, Ahyong, Shane T., additional, Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, additional, Ammirati, Joe, additional, Araya, Juan Francisco, additional, Ascher, John S., additional, Audisio, Tracy Lynn, additional, Azevedo-Santos, Valter M., additional, Bailly, Nicolas, additional, Baker, William J., additional, Balke, Michael, additional, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., additional, Barrett, Russell L., additional, Benine, Ricardo C., additional, Bickerstaff, James R. M., additional, Bouchard, Patrice, additional, Bour, Roger, additional, Bourgoin, Thierry, additional, Boyko, Christopher B., additional, Breure, Abraham S. H., additional, Brothers, Denis J., additional, Byng, James W., additional, Campbell, David, additional, Ceríaco, Luis M. P., additional, Cernák, István, additional, Cerretti, Pierfilippo, additional, Chang, Chih-Han, additional, Cho, Soowon, additional, Copus, Joshua M., additional, Costello, Mark J., additional, Cseh, Andras, additional, Csuzdi, Csaba, additional, Culham, Alastair, additional, D’Elía, Guillermo, additional, d’Udekem d’Acoz, Cédric, additional, Daneliya, Mikhail E., additional, Dekker, René, additional, Dickinson, Edward C., additional, Dickinson, Timothy A., additional, van Dijk, Peter Paul, additional, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., additional, Dima, Bálint, additional, Dmitriev, Dmitry A., additional, Duistermaat, Leni, additional, Dumbacher, John P., additional, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., additional, Ekrem, Torbjørn, additional, Evenhuis, Neal L., additional, Faille, Arnaud, additional, Fernández-Triana, José L., additional, Fiesler, Emile, additional, Fishbein, Mark, additional, Fordham, Barry G., additional, Freitas, André V. L., additional, Friol, Natália R., additional, Fritz, Uwe, additional, Frøslev, Tobias, additional, Funk, Vicki A., additional, Gaimari, Stephen D., additional, Garbino, Guilherme S. T., additional, Garraffoni, André R. S., additional, Geml, József, additional, Gill, Anthony C., additional, Gray, Alan, additional, Grazziotin, Felipe G., additional, Greenslade, Penelope, additional, Gutiérrez, Eliécer E., additional, Harvey, Mark S., additional, Hazevoet, Cornelis J., additional, He, Kai, additional, He, Xiaolan, additional, Helfer, Stephan, additional, Helgen, Kristofer M., additional, van Heteren, Anneke H., additional, Hita Garcia, Francisco, additional, Holstein, Norbert, additional, Horváth, Margit K., additional, Hovenkamp, Peter H., additional, Hwang, Wei Song, additional, Hyvönen, Jaakko, additional, Islam, Melissa B., additional, Iverson, John B., additional, Ivie, Michael A., additional, Jaafar, Zeehan, additional, Jackson, Morgan D., additional, Jayat, J. Pablo, additional, Johnson, Norman F., additional, Kaiser, Hinrich, additional, Klitgård, Bente B., additional, Knapp, Dániel G., additional, Kojima, Jun-ichi, additional, Kõljalg, Urmas, additional, Kontschán, Jenő, additional, Krell, Frank-Thorsten, additional, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, additional, Kullander, Sven, additional, Latella, Leonardo, additional, Lattke, John E., additional, Lencioni, Valeria, additional, Lewis, Gwilym P., additional, Lhano, Marcos G., additional, Lujan, Nathan K., additional, Luksenburg, Jolanda A., additional, Mariaux, Jean, additional, Marinho-Filho, Jader, additional, Marshall, Christopher J., additional, Mate, Jason F., additional, McDonough, Molly M., additional, Michel, Ellinor, additional, Miranda, Vitor F. O., additional, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, additional, Molinari, Jesús, additional, Monks, Scott, additional, Moore, Abigail J., additional, Moratelli, Ricardo, additional, Murányi, Dávid, additional, Nakano, Takafumi, additional, Nikolaeva, Svetlana, additional, Noyes, John, additional, Ohl, Michael, additional, Oleas, Nora H., additional, Orrell, Thomas, additional, Páll-Gergely, Barna, additional, Pape, Thomas, additional, Papp, Viktor, additional, Parenti, Lynne R., additional, Patterson, David, additional, Pavlinov, Igor Ya., additional, Pine, Ronald H., additional, Poczai, Péter, additional, Prado, Jefferson, additional, Prathapan, Divakaran, additional, Rabeler, Richard K., additional, Randall, John E., additional, Rheindt, Frank E., additional, Rhodin, Anders G. J., additional, Rodríguez, Sara M., additional, Rogers, D. Christopher, additional, Roque, Fabio de O., additional, Rowe, Kevin C., additional, Ruedas, Luis A., additional, Salazar-Bravo, Jorge, additional, Salvador, Rodrigo B., additional, Sangster, George, additional, Sarmiento, Carlos E., additional, Schigel, Dmitry S., additional, Schmidt, Stefan, additional, Schueler, Frederick W., additional, Segers, Hendrik, additional, Snow, Neil, additional, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., additional, Stals, Riaan, additional, Stenroos, Soili, additional, Stone, R. Douglas, additional, Sturm, Charles F., additional, Štys, Pavel, additional, Teta, Pablo, additional, Thomas, Daniel C., additional, Timm, Robert M., additional, Tindall, Brian J., additional, Todd, Jonathan A., additional, Triebel, Dagmar, additional, Valdecasas, Antonio G., additional, Vizzini, Alfredo, additional, Vorontsova, Maria S., additional, de Vos, Jurriaan M., additional, Wagner, Philipp, additional, Watling, Les, additional, Weakley, Alan, additional, Welter-Schultes, Francisco, additional, Whitmore, Daniel, additional, Wilding, Nicholas, additional, Will, Kipling, additional, Williams, Jason, additional, Wilson, Karen, additional, Winston, Judith E., additional, Wüster, Wolfgang, additional, Yanega, Douglas, additional, Yeates, David K., additional, Zaher, Hussam, additional, Zhang, Guanyang, additional, Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, additional, and Zhou, Hong-Zhang, additional

Published
2018
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42. Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation

Author

Thomson, Scott A., Pyle, Richard L., Ahyong, Shane T., Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Ammirati, Joe, Araya, Juan Francisco, Ascher, John S., Audisio, Tracy Lynn, Azevedo-Santos, Valter M., Bailly, Nicolas, Baker, William J., Balke, Michael, Barclay, Maxwell V.L., Barrett, Russell L., Benine, Ricardo C., Bickerstaff, James R.M., Bouchard, Patrice, Bour, Roger, Bourgoin, Thierry, Boyko, Christopher B., Breure, Abraham S.H., Brothers, Denis J., Byng, James W., Campbell, David, Ceríaco, Luis M.P., Cernák, István, Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Chang, Chih-Han, Cho, Soowon, Copus, Joshua M., Costello, Mark J., Cseh, Andras, Csuzdi, Csaba, Culham, Alastair, D’Elía, Guillermo, d’Udekem d’Acoz, Cédric, Daneliya, Mikhail E., Dekker, René, Dickinson, Edward C., Dickinson, Timothy A., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Dima, Bálint, Dmitriev, Dmitry A., Duistermaat, Leni, Dumbacher, John P., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Ekrem, Torbjørn, Evenhuis, Neal L., Faille, Arnaud, Fernández-Triana, José L., Fiesler, Emile, Fishbein, Mark, Fordham, Barry G., Freitas, André V.L., Friol, Natália R., Fritz, Uwe, Frøslev, Tobias, Funk, Vicki A., Gaimari, Stephen D., Garbino, Guilherme S.T., Garraffoni, André R.S., Geml, József, Gill, Anthony C., Gray, Alan, Grazziotin, Felipe G., Greenslade, Penelope, Gutiérrez, Eliécer E., Harvey, Mark S., Hazevoet, Cornelis J., He, Kai, He, Xiaolan, Helfer, Stephan, Helgen, Kristofer M., van Heteren, Anneke H., Hita Garcia, Francisco, Holstein, Norbert, Horváth, Margit K., Hovenkamp, Peter H., Hwang, Wei Song, Hyvönen, Jaakko, Islam, Melissa B., Iverson, John B., Ivie, Michael A., Jaafar, Zeehan, Jackson, Morgan D., Jayat, J. Pablo, Johnson, Norman F., Kaiser, Hinrich, Klitgård, Bente B., Knapp, Dániel G., Kojima, Jun-ichi, Kõljalg, Urmas, Kontschán, Jenő, Krell, Frank-Thorsten, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Kullander, Sven, Latella, Leonardo, Lattke, John E., Lencioni, Valeria, Lewis, Gwilym P., Lhano, Marcos G., Lujan, Nathan K., Luksenburg, Jolanda A., Mariaux, Jean, Marinho-Filho, Jader, Marshall, Christopher J., Mate, Jason F., McDonough, Molly M., Michel, Ellinor, Miranda, Vitor F.O., Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Molinari, Jesús, Monks, Scott, Moore, Abigail J., Moratelli, Ricardo, Murányi, Dávid, Nakano, Takafumi, Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Noyes, John, Ohl, Michael, Oleas, Nora H., Orrell, Thomas, Páll-Gergely, Barna, Pape, Thomas, Papp, Viktor, Parenti, Lynne R., Patterson, David, Pavlinov, Igor Ya., Pine, Ronald H., Poczai, Péter, Prado, Jefferson, Prathapan, Divakaran, Rabeler, Richard K., Randall, John E., Rheindt, Frank E., Rhodin, Anders G.J., Rodríguez, Sara M., Rogers, D. Christopher, Roque, Fabio de O., Rowe, Kevin C., Ruedas, Luis A., Salazar-Bravo, Jorge, Salvador, Rodrigo B., Sangster, George, Sarmiento, Carlos E., Schigel, Dmitry S., Schmidt, Stefan, Schueler, Frederick W., Segers, Hendrik, Snow, Neil, Souza-Dias, Pedro G.B., Stals, Riaan, Stenroos, Soili, Stone, R. Douglas, Sturm, Charles F., Štys, Pavel, Teta, Pablo, Thomas, Daniel C., Timm, Robert M., Tindall, Brian J., Todd, Jonathan A., Triebel, Dagmar, Valdecasas, Antonio G., Vizzini, Alfredo, Vorontsova, Maria S., de Vos, Jurriaan M., Wagner, Philipp, Watling, Les, Weakley, Alan, Welter-Schultes, Francisco, Whitmore, Daniel, Wilding, Nicholas, Will, Kipling, Williams, Jason, Wilson, Karen, Winston, Judith E., Wüster, Wolfgang, Yanega, Douglas, Yeates, David K., Zaher, Hussam, Zhang, Guanyang, Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, Zhou, Hong-Zhang, Thomson, Scott A., Pyle, Richard L., Ahyong, Shane T., Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Ammirati, Joe, Araya, Juan Francisco, Ascher, John S., Audisio, Tracy Lynn, Azevedo-Santos, Valter M., Bailly, Nicolas, Baker, William J., Balke, Michael, Barclay, Maxwell V.L., Barrett, Russell L., Benine, Ricardo C., Bickerstaff, James R.M., Bouchard, Patrice, Bour, Roger, Bourgoin, Thierry, Boyko, Christopher B., Breure, Abraham S.H., Brothers, Denis J., Byng, James W., Campbell, David, Ceríaco, Luis M.P., Cernák, István, Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Chang, Chih-Han, Cho, Soowon, Copus, Joshua M., Costello, Mark J., Cseh, Andras, Csuzdi, Csaba, Culham, Alastair, D’Elía, Guillermo, d’Udekem d’Acoz, Cédric, Daneliya, Mikhail E., Dekker, René, Dickinson, Edward C., Dickinson, Timothy A., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Dima, Bálint, Dmitriev, Dmitry A., Duistermaat, Leni, Dumbacher, John P., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Ekrem, Torbjørn, Evenhuis, Neal L., Faille, Arnaud, Fernández-Triana, José L., Fiesler, Emile, Fishbein, Mark, Fordham, Barry G., Freitas, André V.L., Friol, Natália R., Fritz, Uwe, Frøslev, Tobias, Funk, Vicki A., Gaimari, Stephen D., Garbino, Guilherme S.T., Garraffoni, André R.S., Geml, József, Gill, Anthony C., Gray, Alan, Grazziotin, Felipe G., Greenslade, Penelope, Gutiérrez, Eliécer E., Harvey, Mark S., Hazevoet, Cornelis J., He, Kai, He, Xiaolan, Helfer, Stephan, Helgen, Kristofer M., van Heteren, Anneke H., Hita Garcia, Francisco, Holstein, Norbert, Horváth, Margit K., Hovenkamp, Peter H., Hwang, Wei Song, Hyvönen, Jaakko, Islam, Melissa B., Iverson, John B., Ivie, Michael A., Jaafar, Zeehan, Jackson, Morgan D., Jayat, J. Pablo, Johnson, Norman F., Kaiser, Hinrich, Klitgård, Bente B., Knapp, Dániel G., Kojima, Jun-ichi, Kõljalg, Urmas, Kontschán, Jenő, Krell, Frank-Thorsten, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Kullander, Sven, Latella, Leonardo, Lattke, John E., Lencioni, Valeria, Lewis, Gwilym P., Lhano, Marcos G., Lujan, Nathan K., Luksenburg, Jolanda A., Mariaux, Jean, Marinho-Filho, Jader, Marshall, Christopher J., Mate, Jason F., McDonough, Molly M., Michel, Ellinor, Miranda, Vitor F.O., Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Molinari, Jesús, Monks, Scott, Moore, Abigail J., Moratelli, Ricardo, Murányi, Dávid, Nakano, Takafumi, Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Noyes, John, Ohl, Michael, Oleas, Nora H., Orrell, Thomas, Páll-Gergely, Barna, Pape, Thomas, Papp, Viktor, Parenti, Lynne R., Patterson, David, Pavlinov, Igor Ya., Pine, Ronald H., Poczai, Péter, Prado, Jefferson, Prathapan, Divakaran, Rabeler, Richard K., Randall, John E., Rheindt, Frank E., Rhodin, Anders G.J., Rodríguez, Sara M., Rogers, D. Christopher, Roque, Fabio de O., Rowe, Kevin C., Ruedas, Luis A., Salazar-Bravo, Jorge, Salvador, Rodrigo B., Sangster, George, Sarmiento, Carlos E., Schigel, Dmitry S., Schmidt, Stefan, Schueler, Frederick W., Segers, Hendrik, Snow, Neil, Souza-Dias, Pedro G.B., Stals, Riaan, Stenroos, Soili, Stone, R. Douglas, Sturm, Charles F., Štys, Pavel, Teta, Pablo, Thomas, Daniel C., Timm, Robert M., Tindall, Brian J., Todd, Jonathan A., Triebel, Dagmar, Valdecasas, Antonio G., Vizzini, Alfredo, Vorontsova, Maria S., de Vos, Jurriaan M., Wagner, Philipp, Watling, Les, Weakley, Alan, Welter-Schultes, Francisco, Whitmore, Daniel, Wilding, Nicholas, Will, Kipling, Williams, Jason, Wilson, Karen, Winston, Judith E., Wüster, Wolfgang, Yanega, Douglas, Yeates, David K., Zaher, Hussam, Zhang, Guanyang, Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, and Zhou, Hong-Zhang

Abstract

Taxonomy is a scientific discipline that has provided the universal naming and classification system of biodiversity for centuries and continues effectively to accommodate new knowledge. A recent publication by Garnett and Christidis expressed concerns regarding the difficulty that taxonomic changes represent for conservation efforts and proposed the establishment of a system to govern taxonomic changes. Their proposal to "restrict the freedom of taxonomic action" through governing subcommittees that would "review taxonomic papers for compliance" and their assertion that "the scientific community's failure to govern taxonomy threatens the effectiveness of global efforts to halt biodiversity loss, damages the credibility of science, and is expensive to society" are flawed in many respects. They also assert that the lack of governance of taxonomy damages conservation efforts, harms the credibility of science, and is costly to society. Despite its fairly recent release, Garnett and Christidis' proposition has already been rejected by a number of colleagues. Herein, we contribute to the conversation between taxonomists and conservation biologists aiming to clarify some misunderstandings and issues in the proposition by Garnett and Christidis.

Published
2018

43. Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation

Author

50723665, Thomson, Scott A., Pyle, Richard L., Ahyong, Shane T., Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Ammirati, Joe, Araya, Juan Francisco, Ascher, John S., Audisio, Tracy Lynn, Azevedo-Santos, Valter M., Bailly, Nicolas, Baker, William J., Latella, Leonardo, Lattke, John E., Lencioni, Valeria, McDonough, Molly M., Michel, Ellinor, Balke, Michael, Miranda, Vitor F. O., Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Molinari, Jesús, Monks, Scott, Zhang, Guanyang, Moore, Abigail J., Moratelli, Ricardo, Murányi, Dávid, Nakano, Takafumi, Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Noyes, John, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., Ohl, Michael, Oleas, Nora H., Orrell, Thomas, Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, Páll-Gergely, Barna, Pape, Thomas, Papp, Viktor, Parenti, Lynne R., Patterson, David, Pavlinov, Igor Ya., Pine, Ronald H., Barrett, Russell L., Poczai, Péter, Prado, Jefferson, Zhou, Hong-Zhang, Prathapan, Divakaran, Rabeler, Richard K., Randall, John E., Rheindt, Frank E., Rhodin, Anders G. J., Rodríguez, Sara M., Rogers, D. Christopher, Roque, Fabio de O., Benine, Ricardo C., Rowe, Kevin C., Boyko, Christopher B., Ruedas, Luis A., Salazar-Bravo, Jorge, Salvador, Rodrigo B., Sangster, George, Sarmiento, Carlos E., Schigel, Dmitry S., Schmidt, Stefan, Schueler, Frederick W., Segers, Hendrik, Bickerstaff, James R. M., Breure, Abraham S. H., Snow, Neil, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Stals, Riaan, Stenroos, Soili, Stone, R. Douglas, Sturm, Charles F., Štys, Pavel, Teta, Pablo, Thomas, Daniel C., Timm, Robert M., Brothers, Denis J., Bouchard, Patrice, Tindall, Brian J., Todd, Jonathan A., Triebel, Dagmar, Valdecasas, Antonio G., Vizzini, Alfredo, Vorontsova, Maria S., de Vos, Jurriaan M., Wagner, Philipp, Watling, Les, Byng, James W., Weakley, Alan, Bour, Roger, Welter-Schultes, Francisco, Whitmore, Daniel, Wilding, Nicholas, Will, Kipling, Williams, Jason, Wilson, Karen, Winston, Judith E., Wüster, Wolfgang, Campbell, David, Yanega, Douglas, Yeates, David K., Bourgoin, Thierry, Zaher, Hussam, Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Cernák, István, Lewis, Gwilym P., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Chang, Chih-Han, Cho, Soowon, Copus, Joshua M., Costello, Mark J., Cseh, Andras, Csuzdi, Csaba, Culham, Alastair, D’Elía, Guillermo, d’Udekem d’Acoz, Cédric, Lhano, Marcos G., Daneliya, Mikhail E., Dekker, René, Dickinson, Edward C., Dickinson, Timothy A., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Dima, Bálint, Dmitriev, Dmitry A., Duistermaat, Leni, Dumbacher, John P., Lujan, Nathan K., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Ekrem, Torbjørn, Evenhuis, Neal L., Faille, Arnaud, Fernández-Triana, José L., Fiesler, Emile, Fishbein, Mark, Fordham, Barry G., Freitas, André V. L., Friol, Natália R., Luksenburg, Jolanda A., Fritz, Uwe, Frøslev, Tobias, Funk, Vicki A., Gaimari, Stephen D., Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Garraffoni, André R. S., Geml, József, Gill, Anthony C., Gray, Alan, Grazziotin, Felipe G., Mariaux, Jean, Greenslade, Penelope, Gutiérrez, Eliécer E., Harvey, Mark S., Hazevoet, Cornelis J., He, Kai, He, Xiaolan, Helfer, Stephan, Helgen, Kristofer M., van Heteren, Anneke H., Hita Garcia, Francisco, Marinho-Filho, Jader, Holstein, Norbert, Horváth, Margit K., Hovenkamp, Peter H., Hwang, Wei Song, Hyvönen, Jaakko, Islam, Melissa B., Iverson, John B., Ivie, Michael A., Jaafar, Zeehan, Jackson, Morgan D., Marshall, Christopher J., Jayat, J. Pablo, Johnson, Norman F., Kaiser, Hinrich, Klitgård, Bente B., Knapp, Dániel G., Kojima, Jun-ichi, Kõljalg, Urmas, Kontschán, Jenő, Krell, Frank-Thorsten, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Mate, Jason F., Kullander, Sven, 50723665, Thomson, Scott A., Pyle, Richard L., Ahyong, Shane T., Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Ammirati, Joe, Araya, Juan Francisco, Ascher, John S., Audisio, Tracy Lynn, Azevedo-Santos, Valter M., Bailly, Nicolas, Baker, William J., Latella, Leonardo, Lattke, John E., Lencioni, Valeria, McDonough, Molly M., Michel, Ellinor, Balke, Michael, Miranda, Vitor F. O., Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Molinari, Jesús, Monks, Scott, Zhang, Guanyang, Moore, Abigail J., Moratelli, Ricardo, Murányi, Dávid, Nakano, Takafumi, Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Noyes, John, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., Ohl, Michael, Oleas, Nora H., Orrell, Thomas, Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, Páll-Gergely, Barna, Pape, Thomas, Papp, Viktor, Parenti, Lynne R., Patterson, David, Pavlinov, Igor Ya., Pine, Ronald H., Barrett, Russell L., Poczai, Péter, Prado, Jefferson, Zhou, Hong-Zhang, Prathapan, Divakaran, Rabeler, Richard K., Randall, John E., Rheindt, Frank E., Rhodin, Anders G. J., Rodríguez, Sara M., Rogers, D. Christopher, Roque, Fabio de O., Benine, Ricardo C., Rowe, Kevin C., Boyko, Christopher B., Ruedas, Luis A., Salazar-Bravo, Jorge, Salvador, Rodrigo B., Sangster, George, Sarmiento, Carlos E., Schigel, Dmitry S., Schmidt, Stefan, Schueler, Frederick W., Segers, Hendrik, Bickerstaff, James R. M., Breure, Abraham S. H., Snow, Neil, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Stals, Riaan, Stenroos, Soili, Stone, R. Douglas, Sturm, Charles F., Štys, Pavel, Teta, Pablo, Thomas, Daniel C., Timm, Robert M., Brothers, Denis J., Bouchard, Patrice, Tindall, Brian J., Todd, Jonathan A., Triebel, Dagmar, Valdecasas, Antonio G., Vizzini, Alfredo, Vorontsova, Maria S., de Vos, Jurriaan M., Wagner, Philipp, Watling, Les, Byng, James W., Weakley, Alan, Bour, Roger, Welter-Schultes, Francisco, Whitmore, Daniel, Wilding, Nicholas, Will, Kipling, Williams, Jason, Wilson, Karen, Winston, Judith E., Wüster, Wolfgang, Campbell, David, Yanega, Douglas, Yeates, David K., Bourgoin, Thierry, Zaher, Hussam, Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Cernák, István, Lewis, Gwilym P., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Chang, Chih-Han, Cho, Soowon, Copus, Joshua M., Costello, Mark J., Cseh, Andras, Csuzdi, Csaba, Culham, Alastair, D’Elía, Guillermo, d’Udekem d’Acoz, Cédric, Lhano, Marcos G., Daneliya, Mikhail E., Dekker, René, Dickinson, Edward C., Dickinson, Timothy A., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Dima, Bálint, Dmitriev, Dmitry A., Duistermaat, Leni, Dumbacher, John P., Lujan, Nathan K., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Ekrem, Torbjørn, Evenhuis, Neal L., Faille, Arnaud, Fernández-Triana, José L., Fiesler, Emile, Fishbein, Mark, Fordham, Barry G., Freitas, André V. L., Friol, Natália R., Luksenburg, Jolanda A., Fritz, Uwe, Frøslev, Tobias, Funk, Vicki A., Gaimari, Stephen D., Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Garraffoni, André R. S., Geml, József, Gill, Anthony C., Gray, Alan, Grazziotin, Felipe G., Mariaux, Jean, Greenslade, Penelope, Gutiérrez, Eliécer E., Harvey, Mark S., Hazevoet, Cornelis J., He, Kai, He, Xiaolan, Helfer, Stephan, Helgen, Kristofer M., van Heteren, Anneke H., Hita Garcia, Francisco, Marinho-Filho, Jader, Holstein, Norbert, Horváth, Margit K., Hovenkamp, Peter H., Hwang, Wei Song, Hyvönen, Jaakko, Islam, Melissa B., Iverson, John B., Ivie, Michael A., Jaafar, Zeehan, Jackson, Morgan D., Marshall, Christopher J., Jayat, J. Pablo, Johnson, Norman F., Kaiser, Hinrich, Klitgård, Bente B., Knapp, Dániel G., Kojima, Jun-ichi, Kõljalg, Urmas, Kontschán, Jenő, Krell, Frank-Thorsten, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Mate, Jason F., and Kullander, Sven

Published
2018

44. Mixed mating in homostylous species: genetic and experimental evidence from an alpine plant with variable herkogamy, Primula halleri

Author

de Vos, Jurriaan M, Keller, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-8938, Zhang, Li-Rui, Nowak, Michael D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-6506, Conti, Elena; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-2071, de Vos, Jurriaan M, Keller, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-8938, Zhang, Li-Rui, Nowak, Michael D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-6506, and Conti, Elena; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-2071

Abstract

Premise of research: Self-compatibility is a requirement for reproductive assurance via selfing and may therefore be beneficial in environments with infrequent or unpredictable pollinator service. However, self-compatible plants may spatially separate anthers from stigmatic surface within flowers (herkogamy), potentially preventing autonomous self-pollination while promoting outcrossing. We investigated the effects of herkogamy on patterns of mating in a self-compatible, homostylous alpine herb, Primula halleri, which evolved from obligately outcrossing, heterostylous ancestors. Primula halleri displays diminishing herkogamy during anthesis, affecting its capacity for self-pollination. Specifically, we tested whether higher herkogamy at the end of anthesis (terminal herkogamy) promotes higher outcrossing rates at the cost of lower seed set, while lower terminal herkogamy ensures seed set via self-pollination at the cost of inbreeding. Methodology: We estimated family- and population-level genetic outcrossing rates in four populations using microsatellites and derived an estimate for inbreeding depression. We tested effects of different levels of terminal herkogamy on means and variances of outcrossing rates. We also assessed whether seed set was resource or pollen limited. We interpreted results in light of previously published data on seed set with and without pollinator-exclusion treatment. Pivotal results: Population-level outcrossing rates ranged between 0.5 and 0.8. Outcrossing rates of plants with higher terminal herkogamy had similar means but lower variances than those of plants with lower terminal herkogamy. This result demonstrates that separation between sexual organs larger than 1 mm in mature flowers favors outbreeding, while below this threshold, delayed selfing ensures reproduction. Conclusions: Contrary to long-held notions about the association of homostyly and selfing, we provide new genetic evidence that the homostylous P. halleri adopts a mixed m

Published
2018

48. Decrease of sexual organ reciprocity between heterostylous primrose species, with possible functional and evolutionary implications

Author

Keller, Barbara, de Vos, Jurriaan M., Conti, Elena, Keller, Barbara, de Vos, Jurriaan M., and Conti, Elena

Abstract

Background and Aims Heterostyly is a floral polymorphism that has fascinated evolutionary biologists since Darwin's seminal studies on primroses. The main morphological characteristic of heterostyly is the reciprocal placement of anthers and stigmas in two distinct (distyly) floral morphs. Variation in the degree of intermorph sexual reciprocity is relatively common and known to affect patterns of pollen transfer within species. However, the partitioning of sexual organ reciprocity within and between closely related species remains unknown. This study aimed at testing whether intermorph sexual reciprocity differs within vs. between primrose species that hybridize in nature and whether the positions of sexual organs are correlated with other floral traits. Methods Six floral traits were measured in both floral morphs of 15 allopatric populations of Primula elatior, P. veris and P. vulgaris, and anther-stigma reciprocity was estimated within and between species. A combination of univariate and multivariate approaches was used to test whether positions of reproductive organs were less reciprocal between than within species, to assess correlations between sexual organ positions and other corolla traits, and to quantify differences between morphs and species. Key Results The three species were morphologically well differentiated in most floral traits, except that P. veris and P. vulgaris did not differ significantly in sexual organ positions. Overall, lower interspecific than intraspecific sexual organ reciprocity was detected. This decrease was marked between P. elatior and P. vulgaris, intermediate and variable between P. elatior and P. veris, but negligible between P. veris and P. vulgaris. Conclusions Differences in anther and stigma heights between the analysed primrose species were of the same magnitude or larger than intraspecific differences that altered pollen flow within other heterostylous systems. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that considerable reducti

Published
2017

49. Both morph- and species-dependent asymmetries affect reproductive barriers between heterostylous species

Author

Keller, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-8938, de Vos, Jurriaan M, Schmidt-Lebuhn, Alexander N, Thomson, James D, Conti, Elena, Keller, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-8938, de Vos, Jurriaan M, Schmidt-Lebuhn, Alexander N, Thomson, James D, and Conti, Elena

Abstract

The interaction between floral traits and reproductive isolation is crucial to explaining the extraordinary diversity of angiosperms. Heterostyly, a complex floral polymorphism that optimizes outcrossing, evolved repeatedly and has been shown to accelerate diversification in primroses, yet its potential influence on isolating mechanisms remains unexplored. Furthermore, the relative contribution of pre- versus postmating barriers to reproductive isolation is still debated. No experimental study has yet evaluated the possible effects of heterostyly on pre- and postmating reproductive mechanisms. We quantify multiple reproductive barriers between the heterostylous Primula elatior (oxlip) and P. vulgaris (primrose), which readily hybridize when co-occurring, and test whether traits of heterostyly contribute to reproductive barriers in unique ways. We find that premating isolation is key for both species, while postmating isolation is considerable only for P. vulgaris; ecogeographic isolation is crucial for both species, while phenological, seed developmental, and hybrid sterility barriers are also important in P. vulgaris, implicating sympatrically higher gene flow into P. elatior. We document for the first time that, in addition to the aforementioned species-dependent asymmetries, morph-dependent asymmetries affect reproductive barriers between heterostylous species. Indeed, the interspecific decrease of reciprocity between high sexual organs of complementary floral morphs limits interspecific pollen transfer from anthers of short-styled flowers to stigmas of long-styled flowers, while higher reciprocity between low sexual organs favors introgression over isolation from anthers of long-styled flowers to stigmas of short-styled flowers. Finally, intramorph incompatibility persists across species boundaries, but is weakened in long-styled flowers of P. elatior, opening a possible backdoor to gene flow through intramorph pollen transfer between species. Therefore, pattern

Published
2016

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