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2023 JUL 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on antiemetic-antivertigo agents. According to news reporting out [...]

2022 NOV 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on liver cancer. According to news originating from [...]

2022 SEP 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Researchers detail new data in opioids. According to news reporting originating from [...]

2022 JUL 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Research findings on artificial intelligence are discussed in a new report. According [...]

Introduction Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a class of oral anticancer medications that have the most evidence for use in patients with inherited germline mutations in BRCA1/2 tumor suppressor [...]

INTRODUCTION Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is widely recognized as a common complication and occurs in 44% to 89% of pregnant women. (1) NVP usually begins between 4 and [...]

The cashier at the grocery store was friendly, and when she saw that I was buying three bottles of Pedialyte, she made a sympathetic moue. ''Got a sick one at [...]

A 56-year-old woman with chest pain and emesis is brought to the hospital by ambulance. En route, the pain resolves after nitrates, morphine, and aspirin are administered. Results of a [...]

Because mild nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) significantly diminish quality of life for up to 35% of pregnant women, clinicians need to identify and treat it early on. Untreated, [...]

Five weeks ago (31 January, p 276) we presented the case of Ms Reynolds, a 25 year old woman who presented to her general practitioner when eight weeks pregnant complaining [...]

Objective: Vomiting after activated charcoal decontamination is problematic. Acupressure (traditional Chinese medicine) is an effective treatment for emesis, but has not been tested in overdose patients. We sought to determine (1) the incidence of emesis after activated charcoal and (2) the ability of acupressure to prevent emesis due to activated charcoal. Methods: Consecutive overdose patients were enrolled in a preliminary, prospective study to determine the incidence of emesis after activated charcoal. Awake patients, > 18 years, received 1 g/kg activated charcoal orally or via nasogastric tube, and then observed for 1 hour. These patients served as controls for part 2 of the study, where acupressure bands were placed on overdose patients at the Nei-Guan P-6 point of both wrists prior to activated charcoal, followed by 1 hour observation. Exclusion criteria included: ipecac decontamination, antiemetic drug ingestion, an antiemetic drug therapy within l hour of activated charcoal, or intubation. Results: Eighty-one patients were included in the control group and 106 patients in the acupressure treatment group. Demographics and ingested substances were similar in both groups. 21/81 (25.9%) in the control group vomited and 15/106 (14.2%) in the acupressure group vomited. Acupressure reduced emesis by 46% (p = 0.043; [chi square]). Within the acupressure group, the median duration of prophylactic acupressure was 5 minutes in those patients without vomiting compared to 4 minutes in those patients with vomiting (NS; Wilcoxon rank sum test). Conclusion: The incidence of emesis after activated charcoal at our institution was 26%. Prophylactic acupressure reduced activated charcoal-induced vomiting by 46%. Investigators suggest 5 minutes of acupressure prior to activated charcoal. Key Words: Activated charcoal; Acupressure; Overdose; Decontamination; Traditional Chinese medicine, INTRODUCTION Activated charcoal (AC) is the mainstay for decontamination following toxic exposures. In 2000, over 130,000 patients with toxic exposures received AC in the United States. [1] Activated charcoal is [...]

Patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome suffer from recurring episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. This paper presents 6 patients who responded to l-carnitine administration. Average time between episodes was 1.7 months before carnitine administration and increased to 1.1 years after carnitine administration. Average dose of carnitine administered was 50 mg/kg. Oral carnitine may be useful to control the symptoms in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome., Introduction In cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), patients suffer from recurring episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. Episodes last hours to days and occur an average of 12 times per year. [...]

Background: Patients presenting with acetaminophen toxicity and vomiting are often treated with antiemetics so that orally administered N-acetylcysteine can be retained. The policy at the West Virginia Poison Center is to reserve ondansetron, an antiemetic with a higher cost than other antiemetics, as a second line agent for patients presenting within 8 hours of an acetaminophen ingestion. Methods: A retrospective study of cases between January 1993 and December 1995, in which the primary or secondary drug ingested was an adult-strength, acetaminophen-only formulation and the ingestion resulted in vomiting. Seventy-eight patients with laboratory-verified acetamin-ophen toxicity and vomiting were evaluated for the type of antiemetics used and the antiemetic's effectiveness. Results: Of the 78 acetaminophen toxic patients with vomiting, 17/51 patients (33.3%) who received a nonondansetron antiemetic failed therapy and required IV ondansetron. Of the 24 patients who received ondansetron, 4 patients (16.7%) failed therapy. All four patients who failed ondansetron therapy had previously failed other antiemetic therapy. Discussion: Although ondansetron had a lower failure rate than nonondansetron antiemetics, almost two-thirds of acetaminophen toxic patients with vomiting did not require ondansetron to control their vomiting. Health care costs would have been higher had these patients received ondansetron as their initial therapy. Antiemetics were found to be highly effective as only 3/78 patients (4%) required IV N-acetylcysteine secondary to antiemetic failure. Conclusions: Ondansetron should be utilized as a second-line agent in the management of acetaminophen toxic patients with vomiting. Because of its lower failure rate, ondansetron should be administered as a first-line agent in patients with a delay in N-acetylcysteine administration approaching 8 or more hours., INTRODUCTION In the US, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the antidote for acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning, is not available as an IV formulation. Therefore, APAP-toxic patients with vomiting are treated with antiemetics to retain [...]

Advanced illness may often produce nausea and vomiting due to a number of disease or treatment related factors. The causes of the nausea and vomiting in such patients requires meticulous assessment, to ensure that the right choice of antiemetic is provided. Descriptons of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of nausea and vomiting are provided.

Surgically correctable causes of vomiting in infancy are unusual, but an awareness of this possibility is important in order to prompt appropriate referral and management. It is possible to consider [...]

Emergent Management Immediate triage will determine whether a patient can be managed conservatively or might be better off in the hospital. In most cases, rehydration can be accomplished with oral [...]

Introduction Cisplatin is one of the most emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents and treatment with high doses produces acute nausea and vomiting in all patients within 24 hours unless antiemetic drugs are […]

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a childhood disorder characterized by bouts of vomiting that last from a few hours to several days. The current prevalence in the pediatric population is estimated at 2% (Li & Balint, 2000). The vomiting episodes occur in a regular cycle: some children have them every few days, others every few months. Currently, researchers have been unable to determine what causes CVS. Many of the patients and families, however, can identify particular events that seem to trigger the vomiting. Diagnosis can be difficult because CVS does not leave clues that can be found by any current diagnostic test. Lack of knowledge about CVS by physicians, nurses, and the lay public contribute to the helplessness families feel when coping with this disease in disguise. Nursing's primary actions in the care of children and their families affected by CVS should be one of advocacy for diagnosis and support for the family and child through treatment and long term management of this chronic illness., Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), sometimes referred to as an "abdominal migraine," is a rare and unexplained disorder of children, and some adults, which was described by Dr. Samuel Gee in [...]

The successful management of vomiting and nausea in patients with advanced illness is vital to promote emotional and physical comfort and prevent distress which causes the patients to become demoralised. Some illnesses can create feelings of nausea or cause vomiting through treatment-related, as well as disease-related, factors. The cause can often be identified by observing patterns and subsequently seeking to maximise the use of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Techniques for the management of vomiting and nausea are decribed.

The antiemetic effect of ethanol extract of the seed and seed skin of Garcinia kola in young chicks was investigated. Preparation of the seed of Garcinia kola is used in African traditional medicine in treatment of cough and emesis.Standard methods were used for the phytochemical screening of the extracts. Copper sulphate (50 mg/kg) was used to induce emesis in chicks divided into six groups of five chicks each. Different doses of the extracts were tested for their antiemetic properties. These were compared with the effect of a positive control antiemetic drug (Metoclopromide 2mg/kg) and a negative control (normal saline) against copper sulphate induced emesis.The phytochemical screening showed that both the seed and seed skin extracts contained saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Emesis was induced by copper sulphate (50mg/kg). The seed extract at 50 and 150 mg/kg produced a percentage inhibition by 71.70 and 75.47% respectively while the seed bark extract at 50 and 150 mg/kg produced a percentage inhibition by 47.16 and 62.27% respectively. Extracts at 50 and 150mg/kg showed a decrease in copper sulphate induced emesis in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of the seed of Garcinia kola and its seed skin have antiemetic properties which provide for the first time the rationale for its use in African traditional medicine in the management of emesis. Keywords: Garcinia kola | emesis | antiemetic | copper sulphate | Metoclopromide, Introduction The cause of nausea and vomiting could be from a lot of conditions such as motion sickness, gastrointestinal disorders, drug toxicity, cancer chemotherapeutic agents, peptic ulcer, hepatitis, renal failure [...]

Byline: G. Wilson, G. Bhat Sir, Midges are true flies belonging to the family Chironomidae. They are most widely distributed and are the most abundant insects in freshwater.[sup] [1] The [...]

Purpose: 5 HT3-receptor antagonists (5HT3RA) are frequently used for treatment and prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and can also produce prolongation of the QTc interval. Here, we investigate if a common SNP (rs10494366) within the human NOSA1P gene (previously associated with extremes in the QTc interval measurements) could be associated with QTc interval changes in patients who were administered 5HT3RA. Patients & methods: Genotyping (TaqMan real-time PCR) and electrocardiographic measurements were performed in 132 surgical patients, who obtained intraoperatively 5HT3RA (dolasteron or granisetron). Results: The statistically significant post-drug prolongation of QTc interval was observed for the carriers of the major (T) allele. The corresponding absolute risk increases were 0.08 in heterozygous and 0.15 in the homozygous carriers of T allele. Conclusion: Our data suggest that carriers of the rs10494366 major allele may demonstrate increased risk of QTc interval prolongation following administration of 5HT3RA. Keywords: QT interval | 5 HT3-receptor antagonists | NOSA1P | SNP rs10494366 | postoperative nausea and vomiting, Introduction An undesirable feature of many perioperative medications is their potential to interfere with cardiac repolarization (1). Measured clinically as a prolonged QT interval on electrocardiogram (ECG), such a delay [...]

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Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Material and Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Abstract Nausea and vomiting is a common and distressing complication for patients with virtually all types of surgical [...]

A systematic approach is the key to treating nausea and vomiting, whether cancer or non-cancer related, says Dr Simon Auty. Nausea and vomiting occurs in many non-malignant palliative care patients [...]