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The problem of surface water is one of the key challenges of humanity. In accordance with the goals of research and analysis of the environmental status of water bodies are of great practical importance, as their condition further affects the quality of drinking water. The purpose of the work is to assess the environmental status of the water body. The originality of the obtained results is a comprehensive assessment based on the analysis of time monitoring data on the ecological status of water of the water body, taking into account the weighting factors of pollution indices. The study of the ecological state was carried out taking into account the integrated hydrochemical indicators. Microsoft Excel software was used to conduct the study. Google Maps was used to find places on maps and build the maps you needed to work. Microsoft Excel was used to perform calculations and build graphics. The ecological status of a water body is determined on the basis of pollution index calculations. The method of assessing the ecological status of surface waters by relevant categories has been improved through the use of weights. The assessment method is universal and can be used to study the ecological status of any water body. However, the selection of hydrochemical indicators took into account only the content of major pollutants, namely chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, suspended solids, petroleum products, compounds of copper and zinc violated. The obtained research results can be used in the development of water management plans and measures to improve their condition.

The galvanic industry and the production of printed circuit boards are a significant source of environmental pollution, they pose a threat comparable to the chemical industry. They pollute both the atmosphere, the biosphere and the hydrosphere. The paper presents an assessment of the negative impact on the environment, galvanic production and the resulting post-production waste. It was proposed to use the technology of regeneration of used treating solutions, in which the recovered metal can be reused as a secondary raw material for the production of copper products. The regenerated solution, on the other hand, can be used to treat integrated circuit boards. As part of the work, with the use of a microscope, the structural characteristics of the metal surface obtained as a result of the applied regeneration process were carried out. The indicator of the total exposure to substances present in the deposit formed during production was determined, both before (0.045) and after the introduction of the new technology (100). The economic analysis of the planned project based on the new technology showed that the implementation of the presented method of wastewater treatment allows for obtaining significant benefits, both financial and environmental. The analyses performed can be a valuable source of information on how to reduce the impact environment during the production of integrated circuit boards, as well as on the possibilities of obtaining less expensive materials in the form of secondary raw materials.

The analysis of water conditioning methods for closed water supply systems is carried out in the work. The expediency of using redoxites based on ion exchange materials to combat corrosion processes in water recirculation systems by preliminary deoxidation of water is shown. Modified ion exchange resins KU-2-8, Dowex Mac-3, AB-17-8, Dowex Marathon WBA, AMBERLITE IRA 96 were used as deoxidizing materials.

The composition of widespread electronic devices (mobile phone, computer mouse, keyboard, web-camera, monitor) was studied by manual dismantling. The material flow analysis was done for e-waste components. For the case study of Ukraine, five devices under investigation contain over 4 thousand tons / year resources. Most of them (first of all, plastic and metal) can be easily recovered. The content of chemical elements in the components of the electronic devices was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Taking into account the mass of electronic waste generated in Ukraine, the resource potential of metals is estimated. Most of metals are concentrated in mobile phones and monitors (about 2000 tons/year). Apart from common metals, silver, molybdenum, vanadium, rubidium, zirconium, antimony, yttrium, rhodium, bismuth, and gallium were also found.

This study is dedicated to the assessment of the heavy metal pollution of soil by determining the category of soil contamination due to the activities of mining and chemical enterprise. The X-Ray Diffraction method was used experimentally to determine the qualita-tive and quantitative composition of heavy metals and other inorganic elements in samples, soil pollution with heavy metals. Main sources of heavy metals in industrial waste are identified. The environmental pollution with some heavy metals (Sr, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn) was assessed and exceeded the MPC. The ecological situation of soil contamination with heavy metals near tars on the study area territory is estimated in the category from permissible pollution to hazardous pollution. Soil near the phosphogypsum dump is classified as an acceptable, moderately dangerous, and dangerous category of soil pollution. It was established that at a distance of 20 m from the tailings the soils belong to the dangerous category of soil, closer to the tailings – to moderately dangerous. The value of the concentration coefficient indicates the activity of leaching processes (Cc 1) of substances in the genetic horizons of the soil. It is necessary to forecast the state of the environment in the area of influence of these enterprises to develop effective means of ensuring environmental safety.

The article discusses the specifics of the interaction of psychoanalysis and literary studies. It is proved that literary studies actively use fundamental psychoanalytic methods and techniques in decoding the mental unconscious of characters in literary works. Literary terms proposed for implementation and use – a literary work of psychoanalytic direction, a literary work with psychoanalysis elements, a literary work with thepsychoanalytic dominant orpsychoanalytic constructs certifying the integration of psychoanalysis theory into literary studies. The use of certain aspects of psychoanalytic theory contributes to the literary interpretation of unconscious processes in the psyche of the author of the work and its characters, marked by various pathologies, deviations, neuroses, fears, etc. The article emphasizes that interpreting literary texts in the psychoanalytic aspect actualizes the method of free associations, close to the specific literary technique of the consciousness stream, as well as the specifics of interpretations of the dreaming discourse.

The object of this study is a multicriteria transport problem, being stated for availability of several means of cargo delivery, meaning a multimodal transport problem. The optimization criteria of the multimodal transport problem described above are two objective functions of minimizing total transportation costs and level of transport risks. Three types of transport were selected for research: automobile, rail and river (inland waterway). The results of the study lay the foundation for development of a new valid algorithm for solving multimodal transport problems like multi-criteria optimization ones. The main advantage of such an algorithm lies in its higher potential convergence rate compared to classical numerical optimization methods, which now are predominantly used to solve the problems of this type. This advantage may not be decisive, but it appears to be at least quite an important argument when choosing the method of realization for two-criteria multimodal transport problems earlier considered, especially, in case of a large dimension. Moreover, the algorithm described in the work can be applied to similar problems with any number of types of transport and optimization criteria.

The dynamics of hydrochemical parameters of surface waters of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river is analyzed. Based on the analysis of temporal and spatial monitoring data, a comprehensive assessment of the environmental status of the waters of the Inhulets river (Ukraine) by hydrochemical indicators was carried out. The study performed a comparative analysis of river water quality assessment by different methods: an integrated assessment based on the calculation of water pollution indexes, pollution rate. A result of the evaluation of water quality in certain classes: in terms of ammonium ions and BOD5 ˗ III quality class, the water is slightly polluted; phosphate content ˗ V quality class, water is very low in the bottom; according to the content of suspended solids, in phosphates and BOD5 ˗ III class of water quality, water is polluted; by a concentration of chlorides ˗ V class of quality, degree of purity ÷ very dirty; the value of suspended solids and chlorides ˗ III class; in terms of sulfate content ˗ IV class. In general, the very excessive concentration of substances in the middle course remains stable, the environmental state is poor (quality class IV).

This article analyzes the issue of developing ecologically safe technologies for obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions for ensuring the rational use of water resources and reducing the volume of discharges of harmful substances into the environment. The necessity of controlling the depth of electrochemical activation for obtaining ecologically safe industrial water solutions and reducing the energy consumption of this process was substantiated. The ecological advantages of electrochemically activated solutions application were presented as compared to the chemical solutions in the technologies of activated carbon surfaces modification to increase the supercapacitors electrode specific capacitance, preparation of the gypsum plaster mixing water to improve the physicochemical properties of gypsum stone, as well as efficiency of use of disinfectant based on the electrochemically activated water solutions solutions, approbated in the sugar production industry. It was experimentally confirmed that the depth of electrochemical activation significantly affects the efficiency of practical use of activated water solutions. The proposed theoretical models allow prediction of the activation modes for solving specific problems.

Household and industrial wastes that have been accumulated during the last 40-50 years in the territories of organized and spontaneous landfills (garbage dumps) are causes of pollution of natural water bodies near places of their locations. As results of the actions of precipitation and those of solar irradiation, there takes place drainage water formation; such waters are polluted with harmful and toxic ingredients. The known indices of pollution of industrial and surface waters as well as the technique of determination of the class of danger of solid household wastes have been analyzed. The application of this technique to liquid wastes is suggested, since the change of aggregate state must not restrict its application; on the contrary, a new useful unexpected result can emerge with this. A rather simple dimensionless index of toxicity has been chosen on the basis of the following examples: composition of the drainage waters of a specific landfill, content of harmful ingredients in them, excess ratio of their maximum permissible concentration. Such an index takes into account the maximum permissible concentration of the harmful substance in the ground as well as the fraction of the harmful ingredients in the total mass of the liquid waste. Using the dimensionless index of toxicity, there are drawn bar charts from which the sequence of removal of harmful components from the liquid mixture can be determined; starting with the component with the least value of dimensionless index of toxicity which characterizes the most dangerous component.

The ecological situation in most mining regions of Ukraine is critical, and the closure of unprofitable mining enterprises, mines and cuts creates environmental problems associated with significant changes in the geological and hydrological environment. The purpose of the work is the environmental monitoring of heavy metals in soils in the territory of Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) “Sirka” at the stage of liquidation. The object of the study is heavy metals in soils in the territory of Rozdil SMCE “Sirka”. The subject of the study is to evaluate the content of heavy metals and migration aspects in soils. In this work, the parameters of soil pollution with heavy metals have been experimentally determined. On the example of Rozdil SMCE "Sirka" the main problems of the monitoring system of the territory of the mining and chemical enterprise at the stage of liquidation are proved. The influence of the mining and chemical enterprise on the state of environmental pollution (soil, water environment, and waste management status) has been also assessed. The ecological balance of the territory is violated due to the fact that the elimination of negative technical manifestations of the enterprise activity for a long time was considered unprofitable. The development of monitoring techniques for man-made landscapes, along with the development of methods for diagnosing the specifics of their functioning and technologies for reclamation, is an integral part of multidisciplinary research on environmental imbalances, which is caused by the transformation of natural landscapes into man-made. The necessity of construction of the information-analytical system of monitoring of the territory of Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) “Sirka” at the stage of liquidation is substantiated. It was established that monitoring of the territory of the mining and chemical enterprise at the stage of liquidation will allow increasing the level of environmental safety of the territory of the enterprise and the surrounding settlements. In addition to the monitoring system in the process of liquidation and in the post-reclamation period, the liquidation project should include an environmental analysis of the enterprise activities, environmental forecasting.

The mining industry is a source of significant anthropogenic impact on natural components. One of the most important elements of ensuring the ecological safety of the mining enterprise territory is the geoinformation monitoring system creation. The purpose of the work is to develop the methodological bases and approaches for creating the geoinformation system of monitoring of the mining and chemical enterprise territory at the stage of liquidation. The object of research is Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) "Sirka" (Ukraine). The process of liquidation of the mining and chemical enterprise has the following stages: monitoring and forecasting of hazardous phenomena which may arise after the exploitation of deposits and activities of the enterprise; assessment of environmental risk for the population and property; comparison of the cost of active and passive methods for eliminating risk; substantiation of rational use of renewable territories; the development of the necessary measures for the prevention of environmental hazards and the preparation of areas for economic use. The geoinformation monitoring system creation is the first and the main stage of the process of liquidation of the mining and chemical enterprise. To do this, it is necessary to create a database of geological and ecological indicators, which will allow to analyse factors in detail, to predict the pollution of the territory, to construct a spatial model of pollution, in the presence of a cartographic database of test points to construct timetables for changes in time of any analysed values. The impact of the mining and chemical enterprise on the state of pollution of the environment was assessed in the paper. The need to design an informational and analytical system for monitoring the territory of Rozdil SMCE "Sirka" at the stage of the liquidation was proved. It was established that it is necessary to create the geoinformation monitoring system, which will increase the ecological safety of the enterprise territory and the surrounding settlements. Also, such a system will allow early warning of negative environmental changes of the enterprise territory or surrounding territories after the completion of mining operations.

Today, the sustainable development strategy is a priority for achieving harmony between economic performance growth, social stability, and environmental protection. Ensuring the sustainable development of any state is accompanied by the creation of a safe environment for present and future generations. Therefore, environmental safety is an integral part of sustainable development. Abroad, wastes are disposed of faster than they accumulate, alternative methods and environmental materials are used that minimize their formation. It used harmful materials that pollute the environment, as well as no ecological methods of waste disposal in Ukraine. One of the most important and most urgent problems of environmental pollution is the uncontrolled accumulation of waste and disposal at landfills in Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to analyze the main trends in the development of waste management methods and systems. Among theoretical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis were used to generalize literary sources and to identify the main areas of research. Formalization of the results of simulation was carried out using software-functional support MS Excel. The present state and problems of waste management in Ukraine and Lviv region are estimated. The tendency of constant growth of waste volume reveal. The dynamics of waste generation by categories of materials and hazard classes was deduced. The analysis of accumulation and utilization of waste in the Lviv region for 2010-2017 is carried out. The regression analysis of the volume of burned waste in the Lviv region has been carried out to obtain energy and change the indicators of waste generation and hazard class I. It was set up that the waste of class I of danger from 2000 to 2017 are changed in the polynomial dependence of the 2nd degree. Using these dependencies will allow you to predict changes in waste volumes in the Lviv region. For sustainable development of Ukraine, it is necessary to implement integrated waste management systems at the regional and local levels. For an optimal waste management model, it is necessary to prevent waste generation and reuse them first and to eliminate them only in the last instance.

The article is dedicated to the special features of Yar Slavutych’s explorer reception the main figures and tendencies of the Ukrainian literature XVII-th – XX-th centuries, the art coordinates of images of Ukraine and its leaders. The unique contribution of H. Scovoroda, T. Shevchenko, I.Franko, Y. Malanyuk. V. Stus and others in the development of the Ukrainian pro-State nation, its political ideas and people’s dignity is characterized according to the scholar’s pointe of view. Scientific review of literary works of Ukrainian immigration has began in early 90th – it was connected with the return of texts and publications of it’s prominent representatives, collecting of great number of materials and first tries of its’ scientific treating. But domestic science still has a lack of special works which will fully describe the role of literary revelations of diaspore scientists. The heir of Cossack elites, steppe warriors from Kherson region, who became a professor of Alberta University, struggler for the independence of Ukraine Yar Slavutych (Hryrohii Zhuchenko, born in 1918) is famous as a poet of neoclassic genre, literary critic and linguist. His philological works are fully represented in the third and the fourth volume of his „Selected works in 5 volumes” published in Dnipro in the late 90th. Professor’s and poet’s scientific heritage was synthetically analytical, constructive and full of objective truth – it properly represents the values of nation, expresses the relevance and contextual rightfulness of ideas. The world of literary critical works of Yar Slavutych is a universe of humanism, democracy and patriotism, insistence on words and it’s aesthetic beauty. Such kind of scientific works are able to stand the test of time.

The process of non-reagent adjustment of the pH of a NaCl solution (0.5 g/L) of different acidity was investigated by the method of bipolar electrodialysis on a device operating according to the K-system (concentration). The experiments were carried out in the range pH = 2.0–12.0 with monopolar cation-exchange MK-40 (for alkaline solutions) or anion-exchange MA-40 (for acidic solutions) and bipolar MB-2 membranes. The regularities of the change in the pH of the solution on the current density, process productivity and energy consumption for the neutralization process have been investigated. Revealed: with different productivity of the apparatus (Q = 0.5–1.5 m3/h), in the range of pH 3.0–11.0, with an increase in the current density, a neutral pH value is achieved. It has been shown that at pH above 11.0 and below 3.0, even at high current densities (i &gt, 20 A/m2), its value cannot be changed. This is due to the neutralization of the H+ or OH− ions generated by the bipolar membrane by water ions, which are formed as a result of the dissociation of water molecules at the border of the monopolar membrane and the solution under conditions when the value of current exceeds the limiting value.

To assess the impact of not just the battery as such but its multi-element composition on the state of the environment, a new approach is proposed through the determination of the reliability of ecosystems, which makes it possible to obtain quantitative indexes of the stability and losses of natural ecosystems. These data can be used as indicators of the state of the environment, and hence as the assessment of an environmental component that is important for determining the actual impact of the multi-element composition of batteries. On the basis of such indicators, which can be obtained using the SimaPro software, it is possible to calculate thresholds beyond which negative phenomena occur, as well as to predict and simulate situations, to carry out the mapping of sources of risks, to monitor changes, and this will allow identifying the causes of these changes or determining the factors that slow down or retard the approach of ecosystems to a critical state, i.e. to develop preventive measures to avoid disasters. The eco-indicator 99 is one of the methods that allows us to accept one estimate for the whole product - the so-called ecological index. It is the sum of all individual eco-points or partial indexes for all life-cycle processes. The computational procedure is carried out by summing up the results of weighing the phases of the life cycle.

The widespread use of surfactants increasingly requires the development and application of reliable methods for the demineralization of wastewaters, preventing environmental pollution. One of the most reliable and effective methods of demineralization of wastewaters is the electrodialysis method. Studying the behavior of large organic ions in the membrane is important for modeling cell membranes and purification of medicinal and biological preparations. The sorption characteristics of the MA-40 and MK-40 ion-exchange membranes in solutions of simple and organic electrolytes, and in a solution of the surfactant were investigated. It was found that the sorption of organic ions by membranes is mainly of an ion-exchange nature. The moisture content and elasticity of the membranes decreases in solutions of organic electrolytes, during the sorption of which the membrane becomes brittle. A study showed that in the solutions of organic electrolytes, the MA-40 membrane retains high electrochemical activity, while the MK-40 in a solution of the surfactant completely loses it. From the data obtained in this work, it is shown that organic ions do not present a hazard when water is desalted by electrodialysis, whereas sorption of surfactant ions leads to membrane poisoning.

In Ukraine, there is a problem of environmentally hazardous handling of used packaging of pesticides and other toxic chemicals and hazardous waste which can pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. The paper presents modern methods of disposal of pesticide packaging in the world and the situation in Ukraine. The Ukrainian and world environmental legislations regulating the problem of pesticide packaging management are analyzed. The scheme of processing and disposal of pesticide containers is proposed. Types and materials from which pesticide packaging is made are analyzed. Methods and equipment for washing of pesticide containers and handling of washing solutions are given. As a result, it is recommended to intensify the process of organizing a system for collecting, certifying and setting up licensed pesticide and other hazardous waste disposal facilities, as well as ensuring state support and the use of the best international experience.

The chapter explores the main problems associated with the use of hydraulic fracturing for the production of shale gas in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to water issues. A detailed SWOT-analysis of the problem was carried out. Territorial distribution of water resources is uneven and unfortunately does not match the regions of greatest energy or mineral abundance. The smallest amount of water is found in places of concentration of powerful industrial consumers – the Donbass, Kryvorizhzhya, and the southern region of Ukraine. Areas of potential shale gas coincide with the areas of the smallest available water resources and areas with the greatest density of population. Experience elsewhere and the now well-known specifics of the hydraulic fracturing process allows us to identify potential threats to the environmental security of the country: pollution of clean groundwater and surface waters of Ukraine; utilization of large quantities of fresh water in the Yuzhivska and Oleska basins, especially in densely populated regions; degradation of large natural areas; emissions of greenhouse gases exacerbating climate change; the occurrence of seismic phenomena; and the degradation of natural landscapes.

The influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on humans was evaluated and the results of experimental studies of electromagnetic fields are presented. The theoretical part of the article is based on unilaterally critical scientific literature, mainly historical, the authors do not identify with. The research part is based on the norms and regulations in force in Ukraine.

General characteristics of electromagnetic pollution in towns is analyzed. The sources of electromagnetic pollution in towns are defined here for the case study of the town of Vinnytsia in central Ukraine (that is why the standards valid in this country were considered). The intensity of electromagnetic radiation caused by mobile phone base stations is found in the range of 0.008–0.018 W/m2.

There is developed an ad-hoc measuring channel to measure temperature using a thermistor. The technique of an individual calibration of the whole measuring channel is proposed to increase measurement accuracy. The individual calibration is performed using easily accessible and reproducible fixed points such as the temperature of water freezing (0°C) as well as the temperature of a human body (36.6°C).

Water resources of small rivers are part of the shared water resources and are often the main and sometimes the only source of local water. An important feature of small rivers in the fact is that they are the starting point of the river network, and any changes that occur in their mode, are marked on the hydrological chain. Small rivers form the hydrochemical conditions of water resources and water quality of medium-sized and large rivers, creating landscapes of large areas. The main feature of the small rivers is their close ties with the landscape. Small rivers are the regulators of the water regime of the landscapes, the factors for maintaining balance and redistribution of moisture, as well as the factors that determine the hydrological and hydrochemical specific of medium and large rivers. The aim is the analysis of interaction between parameters of the quality of the water environment like conductivity and nitrates on the example of natural waters of the small rivers. We used the method of correlative analysis which is effective and efficient for the determination of connections between the parameters of water quality that helps to identify sources of pollution, as well as interpret phenomena, forecast the situation related to the change in the quality of natural waters. The hydrochemical monitoring data were obtained from autonomous automated stations that are located on the rivers Bist, Rossel and Mertvovod. We investigated the following correlation dependencies between such combinations of natural waters quality parameters: nitrates and conductivity. Monitoring data are processed using software MS Excel; correlation dependence was defined using the CORREL. Correlation value is changed in the range from −1 to + 1 that demonstrates the indirect and direct dependence between the selected parameters. If the value is closer to +1, this means the presence of a strong connection, if closer to 0—weak. The negative correlation coefficient means the presence of the opposite connection. The time periods for the calculation of the correlation between the parameters of natural waters quality are selected: 4, 8, 16 and 24 h respectively. The following time periods allow the best to trace and predict changes in the natural aquatic environment. Correlation analysis of the concentration of nitrates and conductivity showed that for the r. Bist and the r. Rosselle dominates the positive value of the correlation between the study parameters, which proves their strong interaction. However, at certain concentrations of nitrate-ions observed custom phenomenon of sharp decrease in correlation to the «−1», which is explained by the Onsager equation, namely an excess concentration of nitrates is associated with erosion of different types of fertilizers from the fields as a result of rainfall. Trend analysis of the studied indicators of the Mertvovod water quality was conducted on an average value of each indicator (pH, phosphates, nitrates, BOD, soluble oxygen). We used trend analysis for the Mertvovod because we did not have enough data in time. There was found a significant increase in phosphates with time with a coefficient of correlation R = 0.71, indicating that contamination of the water facility. This can be explained by the arrival of various surface active substances and, to a less extent, the lack of quality sewage treatment facilities. Positive changes are found in water object that is related to a decrease in the value of BOD. This is due to a decrease in the number of oxygen use on oxidation of inorganic and organic substances. In general, the use of river runoff of the river above normal, and the overall environmental state of the river basin is defined as “extremely poor”.

Here are considered the problems of development of the monofunctional cities of the power industry that were laid down in the second half of the 20th century. The main function of such cities at the time of foundation is to provide accommodation and household services to workers of a certain industrial complex. Today, with the preservation of the city-forming industrial production, such workers’ settlements are unattractive to the inhabitants. Taking as the example the town of Dobrotvir, Lviv region, there were outlined the problems of functioning the towns of such type and the tasks of its urban development. The influence of emissions of Dobrotvir thermal power plant (TPP) on the state of the environment pollution is assessed: atmospheric air and soils and the state of waste management. The necessity of complex investigations and environmental measures to reduce the negative impact of waste heaps on the environment is substantiated. At the same time, it is necessary to update the urban paradigm with the expansion of the functional structure of the town and the search for optimization of the town’s connections in the settlement system. The transition from monofunctionality is possible due to the development of complementary functions in terms of the resources and the natural environment.

Acid tars belong to the large-tonnage waste of the oil industry, the utilization of which is a rather complex scientific and technological problem. The purpose of this work is an environmental assessment of the impact of tars on the territory of the Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE), “Sirka”, anthropogenic load and the effectiveness of management actions to reduce the negative effects of pollution of the territory. All industrial wastes of the enterprise are sources of environmental hazard. They negatively affect not only soils and water objects of the enterprise territory but also neighboring territories, as well as the Dniester River. The main reason for this pollution is the non-performance of the project on maintaining ecological balance, monitoring, reclamation of the territory of the land due to insufficient funding for the implementation of projects. In this regard, sources of pollution (phosphogypsum, oil tars, lump sulfur, sulfur ore tails, solid waste) constantly affect the environment and over the years the situation remains dangerous.

This paper presents the logistic system of fuel life cycle, covering diesel oil and the mixture of rapeseed oil and butanol (2:3 ratio), using the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. This method is a technique in the field of management processes with a view to assessing the potential environmental hazards. Our intention was to compare the energy consumption needed to produce each of the test fuels and emissions of selected substances generated during ithe production process. The study involved 10,000 liters of diesel and the same amount of rapeseed oil and butanol mixture (2:3 ratio). On the basis of measurements the following results were obtained. To produce a functional unit of diesel oil (i.e. 10,000 liters) it is necessary to extract 58.8 m3 of crude oil. The entire life cycle covering the consumption of 10,000 liters of diesel consumes 475.668 GJ of energy and causes the emission to air of the following substances: 235.376 kg of COx, 944.921 kg of NOx, 83.287 kg of SOx. In the ease of a functional unit, to produce a mixture of rapeseed oil and butanol (2:3 ratio) 10,000 kg of rapeseed and 20,350 kg of straw should be used. The entire life cycle of 10,000 liters of a mixture of rapeseed oil and butyl alcohol (2:3 ratio) absorbs 370.616 GJ of energy, while emitting the following air pollutants: 105.14832 kg of COx, 920.03124 kg of NOx, 0.162 kg of SOx. Analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that it is oil refining which is the most energy-intensive and polluting process in the life cycle of diesel. The process consumes 41.4 GJ of energy, and causes a significant emission of sulfur oxides (50 kg). In the production of fuel that is a mixture of rapeseed oil and butyl alcohol (2:3 ratio), rape production is the most energy-intensive manufacturing process is (absorbs 53.856 GJ of energy). This is due to the long operation time of the farm tractor and combine harvester. The operation of these machines leads also to the emission of a significant amount of pollution in the form of COx (2.664 kg) and NOx (23.31 kg).

The objective of this research is to improve water treatment use of the electric spark method. Studies on the treatment of multicomponent galvanic effluent by the electric spark method using metal loading (Fe, Al) and low-voltage (up to 1000 V) equipment have been carried out. The factors that have the largest influence on the degree of galvanic wastewaters purification are the conditions and parameters of the discharge pulse&mdash, an efficiency of approximately 0.8&ndash, 0.85 has a specific energy, which at moderate concentrations of pollutants can be less than 65 kJ/dm3 (18 kWh/m3)&mdash, and the metal loading height. Other variable technological parameters can serve either as scaling tools or as methods for regulating the operation of electrical equipment. The research shows that the degree of purification depends on the specific energy and the height of the metal loading of the reactor, and it weakly depends on the pulse energy and the speed of its input. The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn2+, Cr6++Cr3+, Cu2+) in the treated water are significantly lower than their maximal permissible concentrations. The electric spark method allows us to achieve highly efficient results of wastewater treatment from heavy metals.

The influence of ultrasonic radiation in the cavitation regime on the properties of wood activated carbon has been studied. The impedance dependence for the supercapacitors made both of the original and the modified carbon have been analysed. The equivalent electrical circuits modelling the impedance hodographs have been constructed. It has been shown that ultrasonic radiation changes the properties of the surface and shifts the position of the Fermi level to the energy area with high density of states of delocalised electrons.

There has been investigated the effectiveness of fermentation industry sewage waters clearing by means of ultrasound. There has been established that the necessary quality indicators of water are received in as little as an hour of acoustic cavitation activity. While preserving the water, processed by the ultrasound, the meaning of the chemical use of oxygen remained the same during 2 weeks. After the ultrasound processing, there is observed a post-effect of cavitation activity, which lies in the reduction of the amount of microorganisms in the volume unit and chemical use of oxygen. The expansion in the number of microorganisms began only in 24 hours.

We performed mathematical modeling population dynamics of phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems based on interspecific interactions and nutrient pollution and toxic substances. We proposed a method of measuring control multispectral television ecological status of water bodies on the parameters of phytoplankton.

It is proposed to apply the concept of life cycle assessment of alternative energy sources, such as wind turbines, to assess their environmental impact. Through simulation modeling, using SimaPro software, obtained was an integrated system of indicators of the impact wind energy systems on the layers subsystems of the compartments of complex landscape systems. A process tree has been built to identify potential impacts, as well as to characterize, weigh, and rank them. Based on the assessment analysis of various environmental impacts, it was determined that significant consequences for the layers of the subsystems of the complex landscape systems compartments usually arise at the stage of transportation, installation, and erection of wind turbines, as well as the removal of individual components or the entire turbine at the end of its operation. It is shown that the study of all the processes alone, starting from the formation and ending with the utilization of landscape-technogenic systems will reveal the possible integrated effects of their impact on the environment.