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s of the World Soybean Research Conference 11 (WSRC 11), 18-23 June 2023, Vienna, Austria. Published by: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.

This Gregor Mendel source book has been published as part of an Interreg project between Austria and Czech Republic on then occasion of Gregor Mendel's 200th birthday in 2022. The pdf E-Book functions as a "walking guide" illustrating the presence of Mendel in Vienna. Abstract: Gregor Mendel is the founding father of genetics. Mainly based at Brno in today's Czech Republic, Gregor Mendel had numerous links to Vienna, Austria. Between 1851 and 1853, Gregor Mendel was enrolled as a student at the University of Vienna. There, he was part of a vibrant scientific community, and his professors of natural sciences were standing at the forefront of scientific discussions of the time. Undoubtedly, this was a source of inspiration for Mendel, so that after returning to Brno Mendel started plant hybridization experiments. In 1866, his famous paper “Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden“ was published, which laid the foundation of scientific plant and animal breeding as well as of the new science of genetics. In 2022, 200 years after Gregor Mendel‘s birthday, this source book and “walking guide“ illustrates his presence in Vienna: Places and monuments named after Mendel, his teachers Franz Unger, Christian Doppler and Eduard Fenzl from the University of Vienna, Erich Tschermak (one of the rediscoverers of Mendel in the year 1900), institutions commemorating his work and continuing his science are presented. In addition to these illustrations, over 20 examples of newspaper records from the period between 1850 and 1884 reveal Mendel's links to Vienna., This publication was supported by the project nr. ATCZ278, G.J. Mendel's legacy to science, culture, and humanity, co-financed by Interreg Austria-Czech Republic (European Regional Development Fund). DE: ATCZ278, G.J. Mendels Vermächtnis für Wissenschaft, Kultur und Menschheit CZ: ATCZ278, Odkaz G.J. Mendela vědě, kultuře a lidstvu

of a plenary lecture given at the International Conference "The Frontiers of Science and Technology in Crop Breeding and Production", 8-9 June 2021, Belgrade, Serbia.

Within the H2020 project ECOBREED, a set of soybean genotypes widely differing in seed protein content was tested in three environments in Austria in replicated single-row plots. Between the soybean developmental stages of full flowering (R2) and full seed (R6), i.e. the seed filling period, canopy hyperspectral reflectance data were collected at about weekly time intervals using a hand-held spectroradiometer. Reflectance data at particular wavelength points were then utilized for calculating indices or regression models for predicting seed protein content. From over 40 spectral reflectance indices calculated, nitrogen reflectance index (NRI), greenness index (GI) and different ratio vegetation indices (RVI) with optimized wavelengths for soybean canopies revealed highest correlations to seed protein content within particular environments. These indices were also highly correlated with leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD-meter-values). The ratio vegetation index term MA1_R showed the highest correlation to seed protein content across all three environments and all genotypes. In a second approach utilizing the whole range of spectral data available and partial-least-square regression modelling (PLSR), correlations of up to r = 0.91 were achieved for seed protein content data across all three environments. In addition to seed protein content which is directly related to nitrogen fixation, hyperspectral reflectance data appeared to be useful for prediction of additional traits such as time to maturity, oil content or 1000-seed weight as well. Moreover, on the level of individual genotypes, particular indices could be utilized for better characterization of genotypes in terms of water use efficiency, biomass production, and nitrogen metabolism.

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] also known as “false flax” or “gold of pleasure”, is a self-pollinated, annual oilseed that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. Camelina is native species of Eurasia, which is gaining interest world-wide due to its better cold, heat and drought tolerance, and less susceptibility to disease and pests than oilseed rape. The most of research work on camelina has been carried out in northern America and continental Europe. Consequently, there are not many data on evaluation of suitability of camelina genotypes for cultivation in southern Europe. Two breeding groups (IFVCNS and BOKU) and one group focusing on the agronomy development of the crop (DISTAL) just recently started research activities focusing on development of new genotypes more adapted for southern regions of Europe and evaluation of their productivity in these, more arid regions. This is a poster presented at the 2nd PlantEd Conference "Plant genome editing: the wide range of applications", held on 20-22 September 2021 in Lecce, Italy. The abstract from this conference is available here: [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/2252]

Domestic soybean production has increased in many countries of Central Europe over the last decade. As a significant share of soybean production is under organic management at present, a growing demand for varieties suitable for organic production systems has developed. For this reason, the specific needs of cultivars in organic production and possible breeding options are elaborated. Apart from grain yield, weed suppression/tolerance is a highly desirable trait that could be determined in inter-seeding experiments for simulating weed pressure. Other traits such as resistance against diseases and pests as well as tolerance to abiotic stresses (chilling, high temperature and drought) can be selected similarly in conventional and organic programs. In contrast, efficient selection for symbiotic di-nitrogen fixation would require dedicated approaches such as continuous selection under lownitrogen soil conditions. As individual organic breeding activities are small, collaborative approaches between plant breeding organisations on a European level could increase the efficiency of breeding work.

The world production of main oil crops is steadily increasing, mainly due to population growth and increased use of oil crops in bio-fuel production and in edible vegetable oils. From the perspective of sowing area in the world, oil crops are only preceded by cereals in importance. Edible or industrial oils are extracted from seeds, fruits or mesocarp, and nuts of both annual and perennial species. Oil can be obtained from about 40 different crops, but soybean, sunflower, olive tree, and rapeseed have a major importance in the total world trade. The purpose of the Research Topic “Advances in Oil Crops Research—Classical and New Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Productivity” is to provide the reader compiled information of the latest research results about different aspects of oil crops. This research topic incorporates 23 publications including 19 research papers, three review articles, and one perspective. Fil: Miladinović, Dragana. Institute Of Field And Vegetable Crops; Serbia Fil: Vollmann, Johann. University Of Natural Resources And Life Sciences; Austria Fil: Molinero Ruiz, Leire. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible; España Fil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza - San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina

Camelina sativa (L.) is an ancient oilseed crop that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. Camelina’s adaptation to enormous areas of the world has resurfaced interestfor this crop, due to its unique oil composition of seed and attributes useful for the production of food. The oil of seed camelina has excellent nutritive value due to the abundance of essential fatty acids, while the meal is a high quality protein-rich component for animal feed. Additionally, camelina oil has a lot of potential benefits for human health and can be used as salad or cooking oil. Also, some reports point out that intake of camelina oil reduces cholesterol in blood serum. Evaluation of health-beneficial chemicals in camelina seed, such as oil and proteins, is important for the breeding. This study was carried out to estimate the variability of oil and protein content in a collection of 20 camelina genotypes from different selections. A field experiment was conducted on the location of Rimski Šančevi (Vojvodina Province, Serbia or 45°20′N, 19°51′E, 87 m altitude). The protein and oil content of the camelina samples were analyzed by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Cluster analysis was used to sort the genotypes according to the degree of similarity. Significant differences were found for the investigated genotypes. Oil content ranged from 29.90% to 36.73%, with the mean of 33.22% and coefficient of variation (CV) 5.75%. Protein content ranged from 29.02% to 35.59% with average value of 32.84% and the CV of 5.91%. The analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between the genotypes in the investigated traits (p

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is the major protein and oilseed crop worldwide. Soybean seeds are a rich source of spermidine and other polyamines, which have various positive health effects such as anti-ageing, antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties. Beside its macro-nutritional composition, soybean contains various bioactive compounds adding health-protecting functional properties to soy-based foods. The present research is based on the hypothesis that soil application of nitrogen and sulphur might stimulate soybean seed polyamines in addition to agronomic traits. As effects of fertiliser application on spermidine were unknown before, a respective pot experiment was carried out, applying ammonium sulphate or urea at nitrogen levels of 0, 1 or 3 g per 5 kg soil in two soybean cultivars. The results indicated that cultivars differed significantly in seed yield, thousand seed weight (TSW) and oil content. For both tested cultivars, seed yield, TSW and contents of protein and spermidine were lowest in the unfertilised treatment. The spermidine content increased significantly after the application of each dose of ammonium sulphate (280 - 283 mg kg-1 DM) or the lower dose of urea (267 mg kg-1 DM) as compared to the unfertilised control (228 mg kg-1 DM). The contrast in spermidine levels between non-sulphur (256 mg kg-1 DM) and sulphur (282 mg kg-1) treatments was significant as well, whereas no significant effects were found for the spermine content. The results demonstrate that an application of appropriate doses of nitrogen and sulphur can increase the content of spermidine in soybean seeds apart from affecting other traits. © 2018, Polish Society Magnesium Research. All rights reserved., Internal Grant Agency (IGA) of the Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies of Mendel University in Brno [2016/017]

The genus Camelina Crantz, colloquially referred to as false flax, belongs to the family Brassicaceae Burnett (syn. Cruciferae Juss.) and comprises several herbaceous species originating in Near East, Asia Minor and South Europe. C. sativa (L.) Crantz, usually referred to as camelina, false flax and goldof-pleasure, is one of the most ancient oil crops. The archaeological evidence of its presence in diverse ancient cultures and local agricultures is rich and enables tracing its spread throughout various ages and across the Old World. It is most likely that camelina followed common flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) during its spatial and temporal distribution, possibly adapting its growing habit to that of the latter and surviving as its weed-like companion. This may be confirmed by the etymology of the Greek word denoting camelina, consisting of χώμα (ground) and λινάριον (flax), depicting a lower competing ability of camelina when growing together with the flax crop. The material testimony of camelina ranges from Neolithic (eight millennia ago) to Roman and Medieval times and from Karakorum in Mongolia, over Armenia and Baltic coastline to the Iberian Peninsula. The common names denoting camelina in numerous ethnolinguistic families distinct the dark yellow or rusty colour of its flowers and seeds. This may be seen in modern languages, such as the Indo-European, with the German leindotter, the Italian dorella, the Russian ryzhik or the Sorbian žołtk, and the Uralic languages, with the Finnish ruistankio and the Hungarian sárgarepce.

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is a native species of Europe where it was widely cultivated until the beginning of the 19 th century, afterward replaced by more productive species such as oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The recent renaissance of this species is mainly due to its wide environmental suitability, low input requirements and good tolerance to pests and diseases. The majority of breeding programs for this species is located to northern America and northern Europe, while a real evaluation of new camelina genotypes suitable for southern Europe is just recently started within a common research program enclosing two breeding groups (IFVCNS and BOKU) and one group focusing on the agronomy (DISTAL). In spring 2018a twinned experiment comparing 2 camelina lines selected by IFVCNS (NS Slatka and NS Zlatka) and 6 lines selected by BOKU (CA13X_1S-21, CJ6X-78, CK1X-129, BGRC51558, CU005 and CJ13X-115) was set up at Bologna (Italy, 44°30’ N, 11°21’ E, 28 m a.s.l) and Rimski Šančevi (Serbia, 45°20’ N, 19°51’ E, 84 m a.s.l). The trial was arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The experimental protocol in terms of plot size, seeding rate and agronomic management was the same in the two locations, while sowing date was optimized according to local environmental conditions. Different earliness among tested spring camelina lines was highlighted in Bologna, with line CJ13X-115 showing a significant delay both in flowering and maturity stage compared to all the other lines. Due to sub-optimal weather conditions in Bologna (i.e. high temperature and exceptional wetness during spring) disease pressure resulted quite high and some camelina lines were more susceptible to downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora camelinae) than others, this trait needs to be better investigated with future specific experiments. The high susceptibility of camelina to dodder (Cuscuta sp.) has been confirmed with a massive infestation of this parasitic plant in Bologna trial this year. White rust (Albugo candida) and Hyaloperonospora camelinae were dominant diseases in Serbia affecting all genotypes by mid-June, which clearly impaired plant growth and yield formation. The full characterization of tested camelina lines in terms of seed and biomass yield, plant height at harvest and seed quality will be also presented aiming at an exhaustive characterization of these new spring camelina genotypes