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Additionally, in most cases patients' basal autoantibody levels are not available, making it difficult to give a clear statement regarding the coherence of autoimmune phenomena and antibodies with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is suspected of acting as a trigger for autoimmune diseases and the production of autoantibodies. These aggregates activate transcription factor NF- B, which in turn stimulates the production of Type I IFN, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and further pro-inflammatory cytokines.15 Activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) follows Type I IFN-mediated activation of B cells which can lead to autoantibody production, e.g, anti-MDA5 antibodies. gl 1 TableOverview of reported autoantibodies in articles included in meta-analysis. [Extracted from the article]

Dear Editor, Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive ichthyosis syndrome, which manifests at birth or shortly thereafter, and is characterized by erythroderma, ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, trichorrhexis invaginata, immunodeficiency, failure to thrive and high serum IgE level.[1] Approximately 80 different mutations in exonic and intronic regions of the I SPINK5 i gene have been reported, resulting in deficiency of lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) protein, a serine protease inhibitor in epithelia, thymus, tonsils, parathyroid glands and trachea. Treatment of NS has always been challenging,[2] but evidence is accumulating that (i) an interleukin (IL)17-dominant inflammatory response is found in orphan ichthyoses[3] and (ii) the inflammation may be targeted efficiently by anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and anti-IL12/23 antibodies.[4] A 15-year-old girl with erythroderma was admitted to our ward. Recently, it has been shown to be effective in pityriasis rubra pilaris and other inflammatory skin diseases.[5] Paller I et al i . found an IL-17 dominant immune profile and increased levels of TNF in patients with NS and other ichthyoses. [Extracted from the article]

Local anaesthetics are an integral part of modern surgery since diluted solutions of cocaine were described nearly 150 years before. Tumescent local anaesthesia (TLA) utilizes a mixture of highly diluted local anaesthetics in a carrier solution and is used for skin biopsies, excision of skin tumours and vein surgery.[1] Also, wide excisions for hidradenitis suppurativa, serial excisions of giant congenital nevi (Fig.), Rhinophyma surgery or lymph node dissections are feasible using TLA.[[2]]. [Extracted from the article]

The author comments on the article "Therapeutic drug monitoring of patients with psoriasis during tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist treatment using a novel interleukin-8 reporter cell line," by Y. Kimura and colleagues. Topics discussed include the link of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) with psoriasis, the importance of biopharmaceuticals for dermatology, and the impact of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) development for biologic therapy.