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Příspěvek reaguje na skutečnost, že nové průmyslové paradigma Průmysl 4.0 vyžaduje diskusi o sociálních a organizačních účincích tohoto paradigmatu a zaměřuje se na služby založené na znalostech. Cílem příspěvku je analyzovat a porovnat data zpracovaná Eurostatem, OECD a dalšími vědeckými pracemi z databáze Web of Science a nastavit (s využitím jejich srovnání) parametry pro typologii podniků znalostně náročných služeb. Autoři příspěvku nastavili 4 parametry: vysoká míra vysokoškolsky vzdělaných pracovních sil, začlenění do odvětví s vysokým podílem výdajů na výzkumnou činnost, existence pozitivního přístupu k inovaci a dostupnost základního procesu (jehož řízení je strategické), obsahově klíčových technologií, využívání systémů umožňujících řízení výroby, logistiky, marketingu a lze očekávat vysokou úroveň její bezpečnosti, resp. vysoké znalosti. Dalším cílem bylo pomocí údajů poskytnutých Českým statistickým úřadem identifikovat počet podniků, které patří k identifikovaným znalostně náročným službám a jeho vývoj v letech 2014 - 2017 se záměrem pokračovat ve výzkumu formou dotazníkového šetření. Tato analýza přinesla zjištění, že podniky, které splňují stanovené požadavky, se vyskytují především ve dvou sektorech národního hospodářství: Informační a komunikační aktivity s podílem 12,7% z celkového počtu výzkumných center v ČR a v sektoru: Profesionální, vědecké a technické činnosti s podílem 15,3%. Oba sektory vykazují nejvyšší míru malých podniků, ale ve sledovaném období se zvýšil počet malých, středních i velkých podniků. To může vést k navýšení disponibilního počtu podniků, které mohou být zařazeny do služeb založených na znalostech na 800. Tento příspěvek představuje částečný výsledek probíhajícího výzkumného projektu. Issue of the contribution responds to the fact that the new industrial paradigm Industry 4.0 requires the discussion about social and organizational effects of this paradigm and focuses on knowledge-intensive services. Objective of the contribution is to analyze and compare data processed by Eurostat, OECD and other scientific works from the Web of Science database and set (using their comparison) parameters for typology of enterprises of knowledge-intensive services. Authors of the contribution set 4 parameters: high rate of university-educated workforce, incorporation to sectors with high share of expenditures for research activities, existence of positive approach to innovation and availability of the core process, whose control is strategic, contents key technologies, uses systems enabling to manage production, logistics, marketing and it is possible to expect high level of its security, respectively high knowledge intensity. Further objective was to identify, using data provided by the Czech Statistical Office, the amount of enterprises belonging to identified knowledge-intensive services and its development in 2014 - 2017 with the intention to continue the research using the form of questionnaire survey. This analysis brought the finding that enterprises meeting set requirements occur mainly in two sectors of national economy: Information and communication activities with a share of 12,7 % of the whole amount of research centers in the Czech Republic and in the sector: Professional, scientific and technical activities with a share of 15,3 %. Both sectors show the highest rate of small businesses, but in monitored period increased the amount of both small and medium-sized and large enterprises. This may lead to increase of available amount of enterprises which can be included to the knowledge-intensive services to 800. This contribution represents partial result of the ongoing research project.

The report summarizes the conditions of the small and medium size enterprises (SME) sector in Georgia, identiies main problems in their development and provides recommendations for further interventions based on the Czech experience, research of existing literature and own survey among SME stakeholders in Georgia. Georgia is a small open economy. Its structure has been changing during last decade dramatically what provides opportunities for start-up companies. The revealed comparative advantage is in mineral waters, nuts and wine, but the opportunity to export also encompass metals, electricity, chemicals, stone, glass and clothing. One of the fast growing industries is tourism. Exports have increased over the period, although Georgia remains to be a net importer. Geogia attracts relatively large amount of foreign direct investment (FDI), large share of FDI in lowed from the European Union (EU) countries. Georgia receives favourable evaluations of its business environment. It ranks high in indices of economic freedom and it is among the top countries with respect to ease of starting and doing business. [...]

My investigations based on wide cross-section analysis of 5128 firms in Czech Republic (1998-2006) present some evidence of their behaviour in field of innovations. Business sector relationship to technological change is characterized by following findings (ceteris paribus): 1) Size of a firm (given by capital, employees and total sales) has ambiguous relation to total number of R&D workers. 2) There is negative relationship between concentration and number of R&D workers. 3) Competition is positively associated with intensive using of intellectual property rights (given by intangible assets). 4) Benefits of in-house R&D that is represented by total number of R&D workers come with multiplicative relation towards total sales. 5) Companies owned by foreigners substantially contribute to total R&D activity in Czech Republic and there is some evidence of technological transfer.

Costs of obtaining and maintaining patents granted via European Patent Office are one of the highest on the world. Counts of European patent applications per million capita are markedly different in the EU25 during the years 1997 and 2001. Countries are segmented according to their economic development. Analysis deals with this segmentation and is also targeted on price effect, measured via CPLI (Comparative price level indices). Two indices will cover these effects. Economic effect measured via GDP in PPS per capita, clean up from Price effect. And Price effect measured via CPLI which is used for spatial comparisons of relative price levels in the EU25. Not only has the impact of price effect affected the counts of patent applications. The European patent procedure it self and other possibilities to protect invention together with price effect make up a complex mix, which prejudice the value of patent indicators which are based on European patent applications.

Firstly, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance without considering innovation ability by using dynamic panel threshold model. The empirical results show that there is a nonlinear relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance; Corporate social responsibility has a double threshold effect on corporate financial performance, and the positive impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance decreases marginally. Furthermore, this paper explores the intermediary or regulatory role that innovation ability may play between the two. The empirical results show that this paper measures the innovation ability of enterprises by innovation input, innovation output and innovation efficiency, but only the first two play a partial intermediary role and positive adjustment role in the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. By analyzing the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Poland, this paper examines the influence of innovation ability on the relationship between them, which provides a new perspective for enterprises to achieve better financial performance and the...

This thesis deals with the minimum wage consequences related to socio-economic indicators. It summarizes the basic theoretical concepts of a minimum wage and includes a comprehensive review of empirical studies about the minimum wage effects on labour market outcomes. The empirical analysis stresses the possible impacts of raising-the-minimum-wage economic policy on the employment rate with a focus on groups of most vulnerable workers in the Czech Republic. The econometric analysis utilizes quarterly data from 2000 to 2013 and focuses on workers with the lowest wage in the Czech Republic. It was not possible to confirm any statistically significant effect of the minimum wage on the total employment and the employment of workers from recreational, cultural and sporting sectors. However, the results do suggest that an increase in the minimum wage growth by 10% reduces the employment growth of workers aged 15 to 19 years by 3.9%, the employment growth of the least educated workers by 2.1% and the employment growth of hotel and restaurant workers by 1.6%. The socio-economic impacts of raising the minimum wage has to be taken into account in developing policy measures.

Public sector efficiency is considered an important component of economic growth. The study describes and quantifies the impact of public sector efficiency on economic growth, capital investment and human capital accumulation in the sample of selected European countries in the years 1995--2012. According to our results, the amount of output is affected by the quality of the administrative system and enforceability of property rights. The negative impact of inefficiency on long-term growth was however not clearly proved. Tax burden, regulation and functionality of property rights seem to be the main investment determinants.

Consequences of an advantage a child gains whenever he is relatively more mature than his competition from the same cohort are called theRelative Age Effect (RAE). The RAE has been of insterest to researchers throughout the world since the 1960s. Proper understanding of this issue would help us with eradication of the DWL created by inefficient selection processes. Up to this point, imperfect statistical methods were used for examining the RAE. Economists have begun to attempt to fix that. This paper continues with that work by applying the instrumental variable approach on data from the Czech Republic. Data from the Czech Tennis Association and a primary school were collected and analysed. The RAE was not found in the primary school, most likely due to insufficient data set and consequential omitted variable bias. Weak, but statistically significant RAE was found in Czech tennis competitions.

In 4 experiments in which students assembled IKEA boxes, built LEGO-like construction sets and folded origami I demonstrate and examine the IKEA effect, which is defined as consumers' willingness to pay more for self-created products than for identical products made by others. I show that their increased valuation is led by the feelings of competence associated with self-created products and that affirming consumers sense of self decreases the value one derives from his creations. I found that students value more their labor only when labor results in successful completion of task regardless of whether they are "do-it-yourselfers" or not. I did not observe the IKEA effect in particular case of origami.

Unemployment is becoming increasingly monitored topic. Active employment policy aims to reduce unemployment. The efficiency of that is, however, very often questioned. This bachelor thesis is based on provided data that were further processed through regression analysis, with the aim to assess the efficiency of active employment policies in selected districts of the Czech Republic in the period 2005-2010, ie, whether the invested money were spent effectively. Based on socio-economic analysis, description of local labor mar-kets, and the results of the regression analysis, it appears that socially purposeful jobs and retraining programs (in the delayed period) are effective instruments of active employment policy. The remaining programs have exhibited mixed results, or presented themselves as programs that increase unemployment.

Economic impact of mega-sport events is case of many discussions. Aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze economic impact of mega-sport events and try to recommend effective rate of financing them. Introduction to the issue of mega-sport events would be done through analyzing historical forces and political motivation through theirs statements about such an events and investigating numerous impact studies of already hosted events. This will lead to possibility of researching London 2012 Olympics and comparing its ex ante cost-benefit analysis with previous studies. Analytical section also deals with FIFA World Cup 1998 in France and its economic impact. Information found throughout the thesis indicate that important subjects for impact of mega sport events are time period and place of hosting, economic development of country, size of public sector and last but not least individual character of an event. Existence of some general proper rate of financing mega sport events is rather unlikely.

The defense industry historically belonged to the traditional branches and always made the considerable part of the Czech industry. The peculiarity of the arms production and the whole defense industry is its narrow connection with the state, state policy and international position. The division of the private and public sector was changing in different periods, but it was always in a large interest of the state to keep in its property some parts of the production and repair capacities. At present it still occurs consolidation or closure of some state enterprises. Also the state policy significantly influenced the location of arms races on the state territory in the connection on its emergency. The location of defense industry by itself had and even now has the great influence on the general employment in particular regions. The peculiarity of the defense industry is the great influence of technical innovations and high demand of machine equipment and the quality of staff. In analytical section we showed the productivity of weaponry in the Czech Republic in time and space with assistance of chosen indicators and regressive analysis of longer time span; Increasing productivity is reflected in the Liberec and Usti region, particularly through developing/building the armored and other vehicles and equipment, which seems to be very effective nowadays. It is interesting that state enterprises seem to be more efficient than enterprises in private ownership. From the data we can draw some other conclusions that the changes in the structure of Army Forces of Czech Republic have direct influence on the structure and the size of the defense industry. It is also possible to observe direct connection of big army contracts of Czech Army and efficiency of particular firms. The peculiarity is that the state is keeping the possibility to make the part of the contracts directly to its state companies, which greatly influence their efficiency of economy. Because of the shown dependence of political decisions on the structure of ownership and efficiency of arms production it would be interesting to follow the development in this field on the basis of White book about defense.

This thesis examines the question of adjusting the size of tax rates in relation to the tax revenue on a sample of EU countries and on the example of the Czech Republic. Research is hold thanks to the Eurostat statistics related to the reporting on the implicit tax rates of capital, labour and consumption allowing us for an international comparison for the period from 1995 to 2008. Thanks to the Components of total tax revenue growth analysis and Regression analysis of tax revenue we shed some light on investigation of current understanding and interpretation of the issues of taxation, tax competition within the EU and the avoidance of excise taxes, taxes on labour and capital. Our results suggest that there are Laffer curves with decreasing returns to scale in case of excise taxes, taxes on capital. In case of labour taxes there seems to be complicated relationship, however, in one of the models traditional-like curve were introduced. If we change the tax rates on capital we can most probably expect decreased tax return between two years but further investigation to this issue is needed.